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2005 Convention Global Report RE | SHAPING CULTURAL POLICIES Advancing creativity for development 2018 2005 Convention 2018 Global Report Monitoring the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2005 Convention Global Report RE | SHAPING CULTURAL POLICIES Advancing creativity for development 2018 2005 Convention 2018 Global Report Published in 2017 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2017 ISBN 978-92-3-100256-4 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by‑sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (www.unesco.org/open‑access/terms‑use‑ccbysa‑en). This price covers actual costs for printing and distribution. There is no profit motive. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover photo: © Courtesy Aida Muluneh, Ethiopia and David Knut Projects, The Departure, 2016 Graphic design & cover design: Corinne Hayworth Printed by UNESCO This publication was supported by Sweden. Foreword This new UNESCO Global Report “Re|Shaping Cultural Policies” is an invaluable tool for the implementation of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. This Convention, now ratified by 146 Parties, including the European Union, is leading UNESCO’s efforts to strengthen capacities for the creation, production and dissemination of cultural goods, services and activities. States are supported in their sovereign right to implement public policies for the development of strong and dynamic cultural and creative industry sectors. UNESCO is committed to developing more effective and sustainable public policies in these areas. Our roadmap is clear and requires the cooperation of governments and non-governmental actors in four key areas: strengthening governance for culture, improving the conditions for the mobility of artists, integrating culture in sustainable development strategies, and promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms. These four goals are closely linked to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since it was first published in 2015, this Report has significantly improved the evaluation and monitoring of cultural policies around the world. By analyzing progress, new approaches to strategic issues have emerged, such as on artistic freedom, the mobility of artists, gender, public service media and digital creativity. This Report demonstrates that innovative cultural policies implemented at regional and local levels have a positive impact on the whole of cultural governance. It highlights the strategic frameworks best adapted to the digital environment, the emergence of exchange platforms and the dynamism of artistic incubators in the global South. It also points to the persistent inequalities and under- representation of women in the culture sector, trade barriers on cultural goods and services from the global South and the vulnerability of artists at risk. By providing yet unpublished statistics and data in these areas, this Report is essential for developing and implementing public policies that are adapted to the evolving needs of the culture sector. I wish to thank the Swedish Government and the Swedish International Development Agency for their unwavering support and call on all Member States to take ownership of the results of this pioneering Report and to invest in the potential of cultural activities and the creative industries as engines of economic development, social cohesion and human dignity. Audrey Azoulay Director-General of UNESCO Foreword 3 Acknowledgements This second edition of the Global Report on the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) would not have been possible without the contribution of many people. The UNESCO Section for the Diversity of Cultural Expressions would like to acknowledge their support, in particular Francesco Bandarin, Assistant Director-General for Culture at UNESCO, and thank them for their time and effort. The Editorial Team was led by Danielle Cliche (Secretary of the 2005 Convention) and included Anthony Krause (Global Report Coordinator), Melika Medici Caucino (Data) and Lindsay Cotton (Production). Yudhishthir Raj Isar (Professor of Cultural Policy Studies at The American University of Paris and Education Director, Aga Khan Trust for Culture) served as the Principal Editor. The following independent authors contributed chapters to the Report and also constituted its Editorial Board: Lydia Deloumeaux, Khadija El Bennaoui, Andrew Firmin, Véronique Guèvremont, Avril Joffe, Ammu Joseph, Octavio Kulesz, Christine M. Merkel, Jordi Baltà Portolés, Milena Dragi evi Šeši and Sara Whyatt. We also warmly thank Mikael Schultz (Counsellor Culture, Audiovisual and Sport, Permanent Representation of Sweden to the European Union) for his continued participation in the Editorial Board. A partnership was established with BOP Consulting (team composed of Yvonne Lo, Senior Researcher; Douglas Lonie, Senior Consultant; Marta Moretto, Researcher; Richard Naylor, Director; and Kristina Orasanin, Administrative Support), who collected most of the data in this Report. We are particularly honoured to include special messages in the Report from: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (Novelist), Mariana Garcés Córdoba (Minister for Culture, Colombia), Mamou Daffé (Chairperson, Arterial Network), Muhadjir Effendy (Minister of Culture and Education, Indonesia), Jodie Ginsberg (CEO, Index on Censorship), Monika Grütters (Minister of State for Culture and the Media, Germany), Naomi Kawase (Film Director), Deeyah Khan (UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Film Director), Felipe Cesar Londoño. (Director, International Festival Imagen), Javad Mottaghi (Secretary-General, Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union), Tibor Navracsics (European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport), Rémy Rioux (Director-General, French Agency for Development), Nadia Samdani (Director, Dhaka Art Summit), Abderrahmane Sissako (Film Director), Alexander Walter (Director, World Music Expo) and Jia Zhang-ke (Film Director and Vice President, CISAC). We would like to express our warm gratitude to the Swedish Government and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), whose financial support made this Report possible. We thank in particular Maria Arnqvist and Kristin Olson (Unit for Democracy and Human Rights, Sida) for their enduring trust and confidence. Two Editorial Board meetings were organized respectively in Vienna (September 2016) and Stockholm (March 2017) to advance the preparation of the Report. We are extremely grateful to all the partners involved: Austrian Commission for UNESCO and Federal Chancellery of Austria; Swedish National Commission for UNESCO and Swedish Arts Council. The Report also benefited from the advice of independent external reviewers. We would like to thank in particular Ojoma Ochai (Director of Arts, British Council, Nigeria) for her thorough review of the entire text. A group of UNESCO staff members served as an internal review board and offered their suggestions. For their input we thank: Sylvie Coudray, Othilie du Souich, Mathieu Guevel, François Langlois, Lynne Patchett and Ann-Belinda Preis. We would also like to thank Jyoti Hosagrahar, Director of the Creativity Division and colleagues in the Section for the Diversity of Cultural Expressions for their inputs and contributions, in particular: Emanuele Cidonelli, Berta De Sancristobal, Eunbok Lee, Laurence Mayer-Robitaille, Daniel Mebarek-Daza, Miriam Sastre Portillo and Reiko Yoshida. Finally, our special thanks go to Corinne Hayworth, to whom we owe the design and layout of the Report. Julie Wickenden did the proofreading of the English and Brigitte Peressini of the French. Infographics were prepared by Infographic.ly, under the coordination of Carla Saliba. Many additional colleagues within and outside UNESCO were involved in the translation and production of the Report and we would like to thank them all. Acknowledgements 5 Contents Foreword 3 Acknowledgements 5 Contents 7 List of figures, tables, boxes, maps and messages 9 Executive summary 13 Introduction: Advancing creativity for development 17 Danielle Cliche and Yudhishthir Raj Isar GOAL 1 SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNANCE FOR CULTURE . 31 Chapter 1 Towards more collaborative cultural governance 35 Jordi Baltà Portolés Chapter 2 Enlarging choices: cultural content and public service media 53 Christine M. Merkel Chapter 3 Cultural policies in the age of platforms 69 Octavio Kulesz Chapter 4 Engaging civil society in cultural governance 85 Andrew Firmin GOAL 2 ACHIEVE A BALANCED FLOW OF CULTURAL GOODS AND SERVICES AND INCREASE THE MOBILITY OF ARTISTS AND CULTURAL PROFESSIONALS . 103 Chapter 5 Surviving the paradoxes of mobility 107 Khadija El Bennaoui Chapter 6 Persisting imbalances in
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