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“Human Development Assessment Through the Human-Scale “Human Development assessment through the Human-Scale Development approach: integrating different perspectives in the contribution to a Sustainable Human Development Theory” T E S I S D O C T O R A L Presentada por IVONNE CRUZ BARREIRO Dirigida por DR. ANDRI STAHEL Terrassa, Octubre de 2006 I have reached the conclusion that I lack the power to change the world, or any significant part of it. I only have the power to change myself. And the fascinating thing is that if I decide to change myself, there is no force in the world that can prevent me from doing so. It is just my decision and if I want to do it, I can do it!. Now the point is that if I change myself, something may happen as a consequence that may lead to a [little] change in the world. (Manfred Max-Neef) He llegado a la conclusión de que no poseo el poder de cambiar el mundo, o una parte significativa de él. Pero creo que sólo tengo el poder de cambiarme a mi mismo. Lo realmente fascinante, es que si decido cambiarme a mi mismo no hay ningún poder que pueda impedírmelo. Es sólo mi decisión y si quiero hacerlo, ¡puedo hacerlo!. Ahora, el punto está, en que si logro cambiarme a mi mismo, quizá algo suceda, y como consecuencia esto guíe a algún [pequeño] cambio en este mundo. (Manfred Max-Neef) 2 3 Agradecimientos, De todas estas páginas escritas, creo que después de cuatro años de trabajo, ésta es la página más valiosa e importante de mi tesis. La gratitud, creo yo, es una de las virtudes mas sublimes del ser humano y sin ella, todo lo que uno hace, perdería su verdadero valor. A veces uno tarda más en escribir estos textos por no encontrar palabras adecuadas para agradecer todos aquellos momentos, coincidencia, instantes, silencios, reflexiones y abrazos a lo largo de este largo viaje. En mi caso, todas las personas que de una manera u otra me han apoyado, han hecho de este camino, más que un logro intelectual, una experiencia verdaderamente humana; donde sobre todas las cosas he aprendido de la constancia, del trabajo, de la intuición, la crítica, la amistad, la compañía y el cariño. No sabría por donde empezar, pero como llegan los momentos a mi mente, así lo hago. Primero agradezco a la vida, la capacidad del ser humano de generar el chispazo inicial de la curiosidad; la inquietud por explorar, por aprender y emprender este camino. Es verdad, que casi siempre es un tanto solitario, pero en aquellos momentos cuando me di cuenta de que no estaba sola, tuve la suerte de encontrarme con gente extraordinaria, que dejó en esta experiencia, recuerdos entrañables. A los amigos y compañeros del doctorado, con los que compartí el espacio de trabajo, las comidas y largas conversaciones; a Carlos, Ernesto, Leonardo, Eli, y Katia. A Iolanda y Dani; y a Marcela por su valiosa ayuda en metodología y cuestiones de estructura. A los profesores y coordinadores de la Cátedra, en especial a Enric Carrera y a Jaume Cendra por su apoyo en tantísimas ocasiones y por que a lo largo de estos años se ha empezado a construir una relación sincera de amistad y confianza. A los colegas y hoy amigos, que conocí en tantos Congresos y Conferencias; a Rebeca, Ivette, Toru, Ricardo y Emma. 4 A los profesores y académicos con los que conviví y tuve oportunidad de conocer y a quienes admiro profundamente; a Asun St. Clair, Des Gasper, Shiv Kumar, Sakiko Fukuda-Pharr y especialmente a Flavio Comim y Angels Varea con quienes trabajé y compartí unos meses en el Capability and Sustainability Centre en la Universidad de Cambridge, Inglaterra. Al Profesor Manfred Max-Neef a quien tuve el honor de conocer y compartir algunas ideas, y que me dejó en las manos un puñado de entusiasmo para concluir esta tesis. A Andri Stahel quien me regaló tantas horas de su tiempo, su experiencia, sus opiniones y valiosos comentarios. Sobre todo por su paciencia en leerme, en interpretar mis ideas, por la gran ayuda y la guía que representó en un principio, y su capacidad de síntesis al final. Y porque gracias a él conocí la teoría del desarrollo a escala humana, que hoy es fuente de inspiración de mi trabajo y lo seguirá siendo muy probablemente en los próximos años. A Astrid, compañera del alma y de despacho. Por que ella sabe las horas que hemos dedicado a construir una nueva forma de ver el mundo, de entenderlo y de compartirlo. Y por que éste trabajo es el resultado de muchas discusiones e ideas que seguiremos proyectando juntas para que la sostenibilidad sea algo que entendamos como una inmensidad de posibilidades representadas en una amplia variedad de dimensiones. A mi familia por supuesto, que es mi historia y mi referente. Tan lejos y tan cerca, que en todo momento me han apoyado y motivado a ser quien soy; a Georgina, Cecy, Mamá y Papá. A mi abuela y al abuelo que perdí en la distancia (que siempre quiso una nieta doctora), y a mis suegros; Laura y al Dr. Jorge, que siempre han compartido y apoyado nuestros proyectos. Por último, mi más profundo agradecimiento es para Jorge, mi otra mitad, a quien espero pueda devolver todos sus abrazos cuando lo peor y lo mejor ocurría, y a quien dedico el resto de éstas páginas; pues es él quien estuvo ahí siempre. Por todos los años que nos quedan por seguir creyendo que podemos cambiar nuestro pequeño mundo, he aquí este pequeño gran regalo. Con cariño. 5 Acknowledgements From all the following pages, I believe that after these four years of intensive work, this one page represents the most valuable thing in the contents of this thesis. Appreciation is, I believe, one of the most precious virtues and kind feelings of human nature without which, all the things we do in life will loose their real meaning. People take longer to write these paragraphs without finding the proper words to thank all the moments, coincidences, silences, reflections, and hugs received along this long journey. In my case, all people who have supported me in any way, have made this intellectual challenge a real humane experience, where overall, I have learned about essential things in life such as; perseverance, hard working, intuition, critique, friendship, companionship and care. I would not know exactly where to start, but as thoughts come to my mind I therefore begin. First of all, to life, for that intrinsic capacity of human beings of generating the initial sparkle of curiosity to explore, to learn and start this journey. True is, that often is quite lonely, but whenever I found that I was not alone, I have been really lucky to come across extraordinary people. Now I recall this encounters as treasured moments in this experience. To the dear friends whom I shared the workplace, lunches and long conversations and other interesting dissertations; to Carlos, Ernesto, Leonardo, Eli and Katia. To Iolanda and Dani, and specially to Marcela whose help was crucial on many methodological issues. To my professors and coordinators at the UNESCO Chair. Specially to Enric Carerra and Jaume Cendra for their support in many occasions, but overall for their friendship and trust. To all my colleagues, now considered friends, whom I have met in the various Conferences and Seminars along these years; to Rebeca, Ivette, Toru, Ricardo and Emma. To all academics which I have had the great opportunity to meet and share opinions and whom I respectfully admire; to Asun St. Clair, Des Gasper, Shiv Kumar and Sakiko Fukuda-Pharr. Special thanks though, to Flavio Comim and 6 Angels Varea for the time shared and for the opportunity to spend a few months at the Capability and Sustainability Centre at the University of Cambridge, Uk. To Professor Manfred Max-Neef, whom I had the honour to meet and share on some of my ideas and who gently pushed me with great enthusiasm to conclude this thesis. To Dr. Andri Stahel who dedicated so many hours of his precious time; for his experience shared, his opinions and valuable comments. Overall, I thank his patience and his interest in interpreting my ideas, his help and guidance in the beginning and his great synthetically skills at the very end. In any case, I thank him specially for introducing me into the Human–Scale Development approach, which represents a key inspiration source to my work now and most likely in the years to come. To Astrid, dear friend and colleague. Because she knows the long hours that we have spent talking about the idea of building new ways to understand, see and share the world. But also because this work is the result of many of these ideas projected together with the aim of enabling sustainability as something represented through a great variety of possibilities which could be taking place in a wide range of dimensions and scales. To my family, of course!, mi history and my point of reference. Because far way so close they have always supported and motivated me to be who I am; to Georgina, Cecy, Mom and Dad. To my grandfather whom I lost along the way, and to my in-laws (Laura and Dr. Jorge) who have always shared and supported our most important projects. Lastly, my deepest gratitude goes to Jorge, my other half, to whom I wish I can give back all his care and embraces whenever the best and the worst happened. To him I dedicate the following pages, cause he was always there to support me.
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