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ol. XXXI. No. 6. 25 Cents a Copy June, 1926 AUSTRALIA ORIENT JAVA UNITED STATES HAWAII AND NEW ZEALAND Walsh Am. News Co. Gordon & Gotch Trans-Pacific Transportation The Matson Navigation Company is Los Angeles. The steamers visit Hilo planning big things for Hawaii in many for the Volcano trip. The B. F. Dilling- ways. It is behind the great new Royal ham Co., Ltd., are Honolulu agents for Hawaiian Hotel at Waikiki, and is en- the Los Angeles Steamship Company, at- thusing the people of Honolulu to re- Fort and (.)ueen Sts., and here may be newed efforts to place their attractions arranged passage direct to Los Angeles, before the people of the mainland. and beyond by rail, or you may arrange The Company is also inducing the to ship your auto or general freight. people of Hawaii to visit California and The Oceanic Steamship Company, become acquainted with the people of the with head offices in San Francisco, and scenic beaches of that state. The Mat- Brewer & Company as agents in Honolulu, son Navigation Company maintains a maintains a fleet of swift palatial steamers tourist information bureau at its main between San Francisco, Hawaii, and Aus- office in the Matson Building in San tralia, visiting Fiji and Samoa en route. Francisco, as well as in the Castle & This is the ideal passage to the South Seas Cooke Building in Honolulu, where via the sunshine belt to Australasia. The tours of the Hawaiian Islands may be record breaking trans-Pacific steamers, booked. "Sierra", "Sonoma", and "Ventura", are Weekly, the Dollar Steamship Line on this run. sends its palatial passenger vessels around The Canadian Australasian ' Royal the world via San Francisco, Honolulu Mail line of steamers operates a regu- and the Orient. These great oil-burning lar four-weekly service of palatial liners have only outside rooms and brass steamers between Vancouver, B. C., and bedsteads for their passengers. The Sydney, Australia, via Honolulu, Suva, :of the company in Honolulu is in agency , Fiji, and Auckland, New Zealand. The the McCandless Building. The steamers magnificent vessels "Aorangi" and usually' arrive in Honolulu on Saturday "Niagara" are among the finest ships morning, sailing for the Orient late the afloat and their service and cuisine are same afternoon, giving a clay of sightsee- world renowned. The trip from Van- ing in the city. couver to Sydney is an ideal trans-Pa- The 7Toyo Kisen Kaisha maintains a cific journey with fascinating glimpses -Aine of: palatial steamers across the Paci- of tropical life in the storied islands of fic, via Honolulu and San Francisco. From the South Seas. Japan this line maintains connections to The Canadian Pacific Railway is every part of the Orient. This company reaching out for the visitor from across also maintains' a line of steamers between the Pacific. At Vancouver, almost at the Japan and South America ports via Hono- gangplank of the great Empress liners lulu, as well as a Java line from Japan. -from the Orient, and the great palatial The Honolulu office is in the Alexander steamers of the Canadian Australian Young Hotel, and the head office in liners, express trains of the Canadian Tokyo, Japan. Pacific begin their four-day flying trip The Los Angeles Steamship Company across the continent through a panorama maintains splendid fortnightly service by of mountains and plains equalled nowhere palatial steamers between Honolulu and in the world for scenic splendor. _______ ____ ____._ ilr h artfir fitiaga3tur .• • CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD • Volume XXXI Number 6 , CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1926 a Kahunas and Kahunaism - - - - - - 503 By Joseph S. Emerson • The Territory of New Guinea and Its Natives - 513 • By Gordon Thomas, .11. R. A. S., F. R. C. I. • • The Greatness of New China - - - - 517 By Julean Arnold, C. 5, Trade Commissioner, Peking • Questions and Answers About Japan • - - 525 • By Douglas I,. Dunbar • Proceedings of the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo - - - 533 • • The 100th Luncheon Meeting of the Pan-Pacific Club • of Tokyo - - - - - - - .- - 537 • • At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo - - 545 • • The Most Famous Walk in the World - - - 549 a From The Southland Daily Times • The Strategy of Raw Materials in the Far East, Part II 555 • By Dr. Warren DuPre Smith • • The Dutch in the Philippines - - - - - 559 • By Percy A. Hill The Genesis of the Pan-Pacific Union, Chapter X - - 565 Being Some Reminiscences of Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific Union • Down the Colorado Canyon by Small Boats - 573 • By Col. C. H. Bird,s-eye • • Trawling in New South Wales - - - - - 577 • By Gilbert P. frhitley • • Index to Volume XXXI., January to June, 1926, Inclusive 579 i i The Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union - - - 581 New Series N o. 77 • 1• 04r itith-liaritir fillagazinr • Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Alexander Young Hotel Building, Honolulu, T. H. Yearly subscription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and a Single copies, 25c. Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50 6 Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoff ice. a Permission is given to publish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine • • . • • Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. 502 THE MID-PACIFIC A Hawaiian woman beating tapa cloth made from mulberry leaves and spread over a log hollowed out to make a resounding music with which the women communicated to each other simple telephonic messages. The kahuna alone could be trusted to renew the designs . on these instruments. THE MID-PACIFIC 503 • Kahunas and • Kahunaism • . By JOSEPH S. EMERSON a Born in Hawaii nearly eighty-three . years ago, and a lifelong friend -.■ and student of the Hawaiian and his folklore. • (Before the Pan-Pacific Research Institution) t • •iiini— _. lllt The word Kahuna, in its various dia- lectic modifications, is found all through the different sections of the Polynesian race and is not limited to the people of Hawaii. It means an expert, one skilled in any of the arts, or wise in any of the sciences, a member of a learned fraternity. Let us consider some of these arts and sciences and the kahunas who represent them. We would men- Joseph S. Emerson. tion first the Kahuna Kalai Waa, or canoe builder. The building of a canoe pass in directing his course in the long was an affair of religion. From the voyages from one group of islands to selecting of a suitable tree, the cutting any other group, back and forth in the of it down in the forest, the testing of great ocean stretches of Polynesia. it as to its freedom from defects in While the Norsemen were winning fame the fibre of the wood, the fashioning it as the great navigators of the Atlantic, into the proper shape, the hauling to the the Polynesians were winning fame as shore and finally launching it a finished the great navigators of the Pacific. thing of beauty on the ocean ; in every Foremost among the latter was Whiro, step of this important work the kahuna or Hilo, as he is called in Hawaii, a must be a master in his mechanic art deity known in most of the Polynesian and devoutly punctilious in the prayers islands as the patron of thieves and as and offerings to his gods. Thus the a most famous voyager. Like Aeolus, great work became a religious rite all he held dominion over the winds which he kept confined in his wind gourds, sub- through. ject to release at his pleasure. As a Next to the Kahuna Kalai Waa, or kahuna, let me give the well known canoe builder, the second place of honor incantation which has proved such a might be given to the Kahuna Kilo comfort to many friends of ours, voy- Hoku, or star gazer, who without any aging in these seas : maps or charts or instruments of pre- Pa mai. pa mai, ka makani nui o Hilo, cision, by observing the stars made Waiho aku ka ipu nui, them serve him as a mariner's corn- Ho mai ka ipu liilii. 504 THE MID-PACIFIC The remains of an ancient heiau or Hawaiian temple on the hill with a native grass house near the foreground, right. Polynesian gods, and a HaTctaiian headpiece in conventional form developed from the coconut Icar. THE MID-PACIFIC 505 (Blow, blow, ye wild winds of Hilo, edge of simple remedies and of poison- Put away the big wind gourd, ous plants made him a most useful man Bring on the little wind gourd.) in his community. I would especially For those who are interested in kite mention the numerous cures attributed flying, the following modification of the to the koali (Ipomoea insularis.) Hil- above incantation has proved itself of lebrand's Botany says : "The root is a much service : powerful cathartic, much used in native Pa mai, pa mai, ka makani nui o Hilo, medicines, but not without danger as it Waiho aku ka ipu liilii, irritates the kidneys. It is also employed Ho mai ka ipu nui. externally in bruises and fractures of the (Blow, blow, ye wild winds of Hilo, bones." Put away the little wind gourd, The term Kahuna Pule, or Praying Bring on the big wind gourd.) Kahuna, is the ordinary name given to To the native women to whose lot f ell all ministers, Christian or otherwise. A the making of the scanty garments and fundamental distinction in the idea of bed covers of the family the Kahuna worship, whether that of the Christian Kalai Ie Kuku, or maker of the kapa or Polynesian paganism has to do with beater, was a necessity.