ol. XXXI. No. 6. 25 Cents a Copy June, 1926

AUSTRALIA ORIENT JAVA UNITED STATES HAWAII AND NEW ZEALAND Walsh Am. News Co. Gordon & Gotch Trans-Pacific Transportation

The Matson Navigation Company is Los Angeles. The steamers visit Hilo planning big things for Hawaii in many for the Volcano trip. The B. F. Dilling- ways. It is behind the great new Royal ham Co., Ltd., are Honolulu agents for Hawaiian Hotel at Waikiki, and is en- the Los Angeles Steamship Company, at- thusing the people of Honolulu to re- Fort and (.)ueen Sts., and here may be newed efforts to place their attractions arranged passage direct to Los Angeles, before the people of the mainland. and beyond by rail, or you may arrange The Company is also inducing the to ship your auto or general freight. people of Hawaii to visit California and The Oceanic Steamship Company, become acquainted with the people of the with head offices in San Francisco, and scenic beaches of that state. The Mat- Brewer & Company as agents in Honolulu, son Navigation Company maintains a maintains a fleet of swift palatial steamers tourist information bureau at its main between San Francisco, Hawaii, and Aus- office in the Matson Building in San tralia, visiting Fiji and Samoa en route. Francisco, as well as in the Castle & This is the ideal passage to the South Seas Cooke Building in Honolulu, where via the sunshine belt to Australasia. The tours of the Hawaiian Islands may be record breaking trans-Pacific steamers, booked. "Sierra", "Sonoma", and "Ventura", are Weekly, the Dollar Steamship Line on this run. sends its palatial passenger vessels around The Canadian Australasian ' Royal the world via San Francisco, Honolulu Mail line of steamers operates a regu- and the Orient. These great oil-burning lar four-weekly service of palatial liners have only outside rooms and brass steamers between Vancouver, B. C., and bedsteads for their passengers. The Sydney, Australia, via Honolulu, Suva, :of the company in Honolulu is in agency , Fiji, and Auckland, New Zealand. The the McCandless Building. The steamers magnificent vessels "Aorangi" and usually' arrive in Honolulu on Saturday "Niagara" are among the finest ships morning, sailing for the Orient late the afloat and their service and cuisine are same afternoon, giving a clay of sightsee- world renowned. The trip from Van- ing in the city. couver to Sydney is an ideal trans-Pa- The 7Toyo Kisen Kaisha maintains a cific journey with fascinating glimpses -Aine of: palatial steamers across the Paci- of tropical life in the storied islands of fic, via Honolulu and San Francisco. From the South Seas. Japan this line maintains connections to The Canadian Pacific Railway is every part of the Orient. This company reaching out for the visitor from across also maintains' a line of steamers between the Pacific. At Vancouver, almost at the Japan and South America ports via Hono- gangplank of the great Empress liners lulu, as well as a Java line from Japan. -from the Orient, and the great palatial The Honolulu office is in the Alexander steamers of the Canadian Australian Young Hotel, and the head office in liners, express trains of the Canadian Tokyo, Japan. Pacific begin their four-day flying trip The Los Angeles Steamship Company across the continent through a panorama maintains splendid fortnightly service by of mountains and plains equalled nowhere palatial steamers between Honolulu and in the world for scenic splendor. __________ ____._ ilr h artfir fitiaga3tur .• • CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD • Volume XXXI Number 6 , CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1926 a

Kahunas and Kahunaism - - - - - - 503 By Joseph S. Emerson • The Territory of New Guinea and Its Natives - 513 • By Gordon Thomas, .11. R. A. S., F. R. C. I. • • The Greatness of New China - - - - 517 By Julean Arnold, C. 5, Trade Commissioner, Peking • Questions and Answers About Japan • - - 525 • By Douglas I,. Dunbar • Proceedings of the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo - - - 533 • • The 100th Luncheon Meeting of the Pan-Pacific Club • of Tokyo - - - - - - - .- - 537 • • At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo - - 545 • • The Most Famous Walk in the World - - - 549 a From The Southland Daily Times •

The Strategy of Raw Materials in the Far East, Part II 555 • By Dr. Warren DuPre Smith • • The Dutch in the Philippines - - - - - 559 • By Percy A. Hill The Genesis of the Pan-Pacific Union, Chapter X - - 565 Being Some Reminiscences of Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific Union • Down the Colorado Canyon by Small Boats - 573 • By Col. C. H. Bird,s-eye • • Trawling in New South Wales - - - - - 577 • By Gilbert P. frhitley • • Index to Volume XXXI., January to June, 1926, Inclusive 579 i i The Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union - - - 581 New Series N o. 77 • 1• 04r itith-liaritir fillagazinr • Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Alexander Young Hotel Building, Honolulu, T. H. . Yearly subscription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and a Single copies, 25c. Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50 6 Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoff ice. a Permission is given to publish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine • • . • • Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. 502 THE MID-PACIFIC

A Hawaiian woman beating tapa cloth made from mulberry leaves and spread over a log hollowed out to make a resounding music with which the women communicated to each other simple telephonic messages. The kahuna alone could be trusted to renew the designs . on these instruments. THE MID-PACIFIC 503

• Kahunas and • Kahunaism • . By JOSEPH S. EMERSON a Born in Hawaii nearly eighty-three . years ago, and a lifelong friend -.■ and student of the Hawaiian and his folklore.

• (Before the Pan-Pacific Research Institution) t • •iiini— _. lllt

The word Kahuna, in its various dia- lectic modifications, is found all through the different sections of the Polynesian race and is not limited to the people of Hawaii. It means an expert, one skilled in any of the arts, or wise in any of the sciences, a member of a learned fraternity. Let us consider some of these arts and sciences and the kahunas who represent them. We would men- Joseph S. Emerson. tion first the Kahuna Kalai Waa, or canoe builder. The building of a canoe pass in directing his course in the long was an affair of religion. From the voyages from one group of islands to selecting of a suitable tree, the cutting any other group, back and forth in the of it down in the forest, the testing of great ocean stretches of Polynesia. it as to its freedom from defects in While the Norsemen were winning fame the fibre of the wood, the fashioning it as the great navigators of the Atlantic, into the proper shape, the hauling to the the Polynesians were winning fame as shore and finally launching it a finished the great navigators of the Pacific. thing of beauty on the ocean ; in every Foremost among the latter was Whiro, step of this important work the kahuna or Hilo, as he is called in Hawaii, a must be a master in his mechanic art deity known in most of the Polynesian and devoutly punctilious in the prayers islands as the patron of thieves and as and offerings to his gods. Thus the a most famous voyager. Like Aeolus, great work became a religious rite all he held dominion over the winds which he kept confined in his wind gourds, sub- through. ject to release at his pleasure. As a Next to the Kahuna Kalai Waa, or kahuna, let me give the well known canoe builder, the second place of honor incantation which has proved such a might be given to the Kahuna Kilo comfort to many friends of ours, voy- Hoku, or star gazer, who without any aging in these seas : maps or charts or instruments of pre- Pa mai. pa mai, ka makani nui o Hilo, cision, by observing the stars made Waiho aku ka ipu nui, them serve him as a mariner's corn- Ho mai ka ipu liilii. 504 THE MID-PACIFIC

The remains of an ancient heiau or Hawaiian temple on the hill with a native grass house near the foreground, right.

Polynesian gods, and a HaTctaiian headpiece in conventional form developed from the coconut Icar. THE MID-PACIFIC 505

(Blow, blow, ye wild winds of Hilo, edge of simple remedies and of poison- Put away the big wind gourd, ous plants made him a most useful man Bring on the little wind gourd.) in his community. I would especially For those who are interested in kite mention the numerous cures attributed flying, the following modification of the to the koali (Ipomoea insularis.) Hil- above incantation has proved itself of lebrand's Botany says : "The root is a much service : powerful cathartic, much used in native Pa mai, pa mai, ka makani nui o Hilo, medicines, but not without danger as it Waiho aku ka ipu liilii, irritates the kidneys. It is also employed Ho mai ka ipu nui. externally in bruises and fractures of the (Blow, blow, ye wild winds of Hilo, bones." Put away the little wind gourd, The term Kahuna Pule, or Praying Bring on the big wind gourd.) Kahuna, is the ordinary name given to To the native women to whose lot f ell all ministers, Christian or otherwise. A the making of the scanty garments and fundamental distinction in the idea of bed covers of the family the Kahuna worship, whether that of the Christian Kalai Ie Kuku, or maker of the kapa or Polynesian paganism has to do with beater, was a necessity. For it was he the idea represented by the word ntana. who made the tools with which she This word, found in all the Polynesian carried on this most important domestic dialects and common even in the Melan- industry. Nowhere has the making of esian languages, means supernatural or kapa reached such wonderful perfection occult power. The word used by Christ- as in these islands. The designs on ians in the worship of God is hoomana, these hard kauila beaters showed no to ascribe divine honor, authority, power little artistic taste and skill in the mak- to a God already fully possessed of all ing, and when worn by long usage, these these attributes. The corresponding designs needed to be renewed, only the form of the word in the pagan worship kahuna could be trusted to do the work. is hoontanamana, which means the actual Well do I remember as a child the joy conferring by repeated small increments with which I listened to the resounding of occult power given by the kahuna to music coming from half a dozen or the object of his worship. These gods more skillful women heating their kapa were in many cases quite as dependent in different parts of the neighborhood. upon their worshippers from whom they Each operator took a just pride in the received their continual supply of mana, musical performance, at times sending a as were the kahunas who used these simple telephonic message to her friends gods to do their own will. We thus see by means of her rhythmic beating. that in some cases the kahuna was the The Kahuna Lapaau, or medicine master and the god his servant. man, must be credited with being the As an extreme example in point, let best informed in an ignorant age and among a primitive people, with a useful me briefly give the method of develop- knowledge of the healing plants. ing a god from a human bone accord- ing to Kapelino, a Hawaiian authority in He came the nearest to being a really these matters and a convert to the scientific research man. He was well informed about the names and proper- Roman Catholic faith. A human bone ties of a very large number of plants is placed in a coconut shell or calabash and his success in their use was some- and worshipped day by day. This is times really surprising. While very continued until it shall have acquired superstitious and mixing so-called relig- strength, for the bone has not the char- ion with his medical practice, his knowl- acteristics of a god at first. 506 THE MID-PACIFIC

A prayer is then to be used : relations with the clan or the class that See ! here is food, 0 god, to develop ac- acknowledges it as one of their gods. tivity and growth, to make a god out of a Since it is assured of always having a bone. Eat your fill that you may conquer number of devotees to give it the re- your fellow. quired hoomanamana, it is not driven to • This is continued until the bone be- desperation, as is an Unihipili, by the comes powerful, for this power is only neglect of its single worshipper. given to an object by continued additions Of these innumerable gods and god- through worship, and this one has only lings we only have time to call attention just begun to be a god, as its guardian to one in particular and give a brief declares. On presenting the offering at account of its worship. This is Kiha- the conclusion of this series of cere- wahine, the fiercest and most universally monies, a prayer is offered : dreaded of all the aumakuas, of whom Peep, peep, peep, you have peeped and Kapelino thus writes : opened your eyes, little god, like those of "Kiha-wahine a bat. You are a feeble little god with eyes like "This was a lizard woman who was an ► those of a little field mouse catching butter- object of worship among the families of the flies ; turn, go back, you contemptible object, chiefs. She was indeed a real chiefess ac- to your kindred. cording to ancient accounts, and was made You were born a mere god ; to become their god by these same chiefs I was born a MAN. . who gave her the title of Aumakua or ancestral god of the chiefs. Her name It was the duty of every well trained Kiha-wahine means the woman-of-the-sneeze or of-the-itching-nose. They also cared for kahuna to know about all the various this Moo, or lizard, in their houses of the classes of gods and their places in the gods and appointed persons to take charge of pantheon, and especially of those in her worship and to provide her with ap- whose worship he was to take part. propriate offerings of kapa and various other things she might need. The kapu of this These gods may be classified as follows : goddess of the itching nose was that of death, but the number of her kapus cannot The four greater gods, KU, KANE, be told. KANALOA, and LONO. The volcanic gods, PELE and her family. "This is one of them. At the time of the The gods of the various classes and crafts, Makahiki celebration, the last day of the for the king and chiefs had their special year, there was a procession of the Aktia- gods, and the people their gods for the Loa or long god, the Akuu-Poko or short occupations in which they were engaged, as god, the Akua-Kapalaalaea, or the one the gods of those who went up into the daubed with red ochre, the Kahoalii, (the mountains to hew out canoes and timber, companion of the king) the Akua-Ku'i or god the god of bird catchers, the god of husband- of boxing, the Akua-Paani or god of sport men, the gods of the fishermen, the gods of and all the other gods. Then Kiha-wahine sorcery, of hula dancers, of thieves, etc., etc. was taken upon a canoe decked out in all her fine clothes and ornaments, the pa-u and all Of the numerous and varied class of the other things suited to woman's wear. Her beings whom the kahuna can summons paddle men took their places and intoned their prayer, at the same time her kapu as to his aid we will mention two, the a god was proclaimed just as if she were Aumakuas, or ancestral gods, and the visibly present to the eyes of the people. The Unihipili, or personal god. The import- Kapu 0 was in these words : Kapu 0 ! Kapu 0 ! 0 ke Kapu o Kiha-wahine. Kapu 0 ! ant distinction between an Unihipili and 'Tis death to stir ! Lie down ! Should there an Aumakua is this : the Unihipili is be a canoe on the sea at the time, the oc- created as it were, by, and becomes the cupant would have to lie down at once inside the canoe to escape death at the hands of slave of a single kahuna, who has the the guardian of the god, but when the god entire responsibility for its feeding and had passed on then he could arise and flee growth. to some other place, otherwise his death was sure." An Aumakua, on the contrary, may have a host of worshippers, and usually Of the kahunas who practice the black enters into intimate and often pleasant art and whose business is murder we will THE MID-PACIFIC 507 describe in some detail that of the victim in his turn stoops his head to Kahuna Po'iuhane or Catcher of Spirits. drink, quick as a flash the kahuna, like Every person was said to have two a cat, catches the spirit and crushes it in spirits, one of which must remain with his fist. A faint squeak is heard. He the body to keep it warm, while the opens his hand and shows all that re- other one would at times wander about mains of the poor spirit, a little clot of in dream land. At such times the blood. This he takes and mixes with kahuna of this class was given his op- some potato or poi. Dividing the morsel portunity to catch the wandering one into two parts, the kahuna passes one to and hold it for ransom or cause its his client and puts the other into his death. On one occasion I had the own mouth. This swallowed, the spirit chance to buy the outfit of a kahuna and is surely dead. The next morning it is to learn his way of using it. The out- reported in, the hamlet that so and so's fit consisted of three awa cups each made spirit was caught yesterday evening. The from the half of a hard coconut shell victim with terror recognizes that he has cut longitudinally. When operating the only one spirit left and this one pines kahuna as usual took his pay in advance. away and dies in a couple of weeks or At an appropriate hour in the evening, so. Sometimes, however, the spirit when when the people of the hamlet were sup- first caught is thrust into a water gourd posed to be in their first sleep he would and can only be released upon the pay- seat himself in the doorway of his ment of a ransom. home with the three bowls filled with The Kahuna Anaana is a general awa ready at his side, the client who name for one who prays a person to had secured his services was hidden death. As an essential preliminary he from view by some screen or other. To first secures a bit of his clothing, or a his spirit messengers Kapo, Kuamu, little of his hair, or a portion of his Kaonohiokala, and perhaps others, the finger nail, or his spittle or anything kahuna gives the orders to go into the emanating from his person. This is village or hamlet and invite the spirits called the maunu or bait, which serves of a number of its people, among them as a connection between the victim and of course the spirit of the proposed the kahuna. It is also necessary that the victim, and also the spirits of some of proposed victim should be informed of the regular awa drinkers to serve as the fact that he is being prayed to decoys and thus secure the party. At death. Terror seizes upon the poor length the kahuna who is steadily peer- fellow who believes that his fate is ing into the darkness says : "Here settled if he cannot secure another more comes Kuamu, with her is (and powerful kahuna to defeat the one who he describes someone supposed to be is working his ruin. To go into all the living in the hamlet). "No, no, that details of the anaana would be too great is not he," says the client. Another a tax on your patience. An important and another are thus described and in feature in the kahuna's training is, in due time one is described whom the my belief, a mastery in the art of poison- client recognizes as the victim and gets ing though the administering of any excited. "Hush, hush," says the kahuna, poison whatever, must be done on the "don't disturb him." As each individual sly by a third party. But the great spirit reaches the bowl he stoops his thing is to get the reputation of having head and drinks of the liquid, not that mama or occult power. With this repu- any physical substance is taken from tation his success is assured and then the bowl, but the spirit partakes of the there is no necessity whatever for re- spiritual essence of the awa. As the sorting to the actual physical poisoning, 508 THE MID-PACIFIC

An old engraving representing the arrival of the British frigate "Blonde," from England, June, 1825, bearing the bodies of Kamehameha II. of Hawaii and his queen, Kamanialu. The "Blonde" was in command of Capt. The Right Hon. Lord Byron, cousin of the poet.

A Hawaiian family of pure blood, some of the members of which still believe in the powers of the kahuna. THE MID - PACIFIC 509 his reputation being such as to cause In the whirlwind, fear in the mind of the victim to such Until the offender is slain by thee, 0 Oni. Bring hither his name that it may be lost an extent that death ensues. In my boy- by Oni, hood systematic vital statistics were not In the ever moving on of the season, de- recorded, but those who knew said that stroyed by Oni. He is slain, the one devoted to death, by the deaths due to anaana were to be Oni. reckoned along with other regular causes. Finished, the tabu. Finished— It is free. The frightful nature of these prayers, The tabu is lifted, removed. With the conclusion of the above some of which I will read you, is ex- prayer an interval of three days is tremely terrifying. A portion of a puli allowed to pass, when the mud worms hoounauna, or prayer to send a mes- are relieved of their active part in the senger of death into a person is as work of death, which by another prayer follows : is now handed over for completion to 0 Lono, Milu, the god of the infernal regions : Listen to my voice, This is the plan ; A PRAYER TO KU-WAHAItE0 Rush upon and enter ; To Ku-wahai'lo, Enter and curl up ; Here is this fish of yours. Curl up and straighten out. The whole of this, our fish, is thine, 0 The petition is offered, etc. Ku-wahai'lo. The following is a puli anaana or Devour thou the fish, head and tail, Until it is consumed by Ku-wahai'lo. prayer to cause the death of a person by All the islands are for Ku-wahai'lo. sorcery : From the east to the west. He will go down to the place of Ku- Uli, and thou, image of a nameless god, 0 wahai'lo and die. •Bite his throat where it is slender ; He dies ; he is dead. Destroy it and wrench out the jawbone. The very name of the offender is destroyed Here is thy gift, a man, by Ku-wahai'lo. A long legged fish. He is left for the mouth of the shark ; He descends, He will jump off a precipice ; He goes down to Milu, His back will split open; And yet deeper, down to Wakea. He will die by accident. The kapu is ended. It is free. There now ,he is destroyed by Ku-wahai'lo. The prayer takes its flight. Finished— the tabu. Finished— it is free. The following is a prayer to cause The tabu is lifted, removed. death addressed to Oni, the god of the As an end to these awful prayers, I ground and all things planted in the give the foregoing addressed to ground. There he lives and appears in Ku-wahai'lo, Ku with a mouth produc- the form of a ko'e, or mud worm, but ing maggots. It is his function to bite only in his quality as a god does he a person and through the wound to receive the name Oni. It is not any cause these creatures to enter the body particular worm that is thus addressed, of the victim and destroy it. All the but the concept mud worm, all the crea- foregoing prayers will be found con- tures of this species which are ever tained in a paper by myself which ap- moving about in the damp earth and thus peared in the twenty-sixth annual report collectively are supposed to wield a of the Hawaiian Historical Society. The mighty power : paper is entitled, "Selections from a To thee, 0 Oni, 0 Oni, be strong. Kahuna's Book of Prayers." Move on, move in the length ; move in the I was led to take this great interest breadth ; in the study of Kahunaism while work- Move to the east ; move to the west, move thou. ing as a surveyor under Professor Alex- Move until death takes the devoted one, ander. He suggested I should take with Until death takes him, is the command ; me on a trip to Hawaii his faithful serv- In the bright day, in the black cloud, in the clustering white clouds ; ant, an old kahuna named Kaohimaunu, 510 THE MID-PACIFIC

whose presence had greatly helped him which contained, as he said, what had in making his trig. stations respected been used as an offering to the god- and safe from destructive fingers ; but dess Pele. As a surveyor I often re- realizing that the old fellow, who in ceived the help of old men as my guides spite of his lore, became a very respected who were well posted in the cult of the citizen, would require an extra mule kahunas. I was most fortunate for and other accommodations, I told him I some time to secure the assistance in my would be my own kahuna. I accordingly work of a man whose father had been a played the part of a kahuna with con- well known kahuna, and who was him- siderable success and protected my trig. self exceptionally well posted in kahuna stations from disturbance and interfer- lore. Thus I became recognized by the ence quite as well as if I had taken a natives as a kahuna, as in truth I was, native kahuna to do that work for me. a kahuna anaaina, or land surveyor: I cultivated the acquaintance of every While carrying on the main triangu- kahuna I could meet and adopted for lation of Kona, Hawaii, I found near myself the title of Kahuna Nui, or big Kaawaloa a fine large, flat rock on which kahuna, while I named my favorite mule some one had made a most elaborate sur- after the famous shark god, Kuhaimoana. veyor's cross cut deeply into the surf ace Of this fine mule many fabulous of the rock. It appeared to me to be a stories were told of how he led a dual most excellent reference point, worth life, now on land as a mule, now in the locating as such, though of no value in sea as a shark god, and wherever I rode carrying on the triangulation. I accord- him he became an object of great inter- ingly built up a pile of stones supporting est to the youngsters who delighted in a pole and flag, and while some few these stories. One time, on a govern- miles away at one of my main trig. ment holiday, I told my native attend- stations I was sighting the other main ant that there would be no work that stations I also sighted this flag. A fter day but that we would take a long walk a time I failed to see it as the pole had and should we meet a kahuna I wanted been taken down. At once I said to one him to tell me in time for me to prop- of my men, "Go and put it up again and erly greet him. Sure enough, we did tell the natives living near to let it meet a kahuna, and I was advised of alone." He did so and the work went his name and quality in good time by my on as usual until again the flag was re- attendant. At the right moment I ap- moved, and I sent my man the second proached the stranger and greeted him time to replace it, bidding him tell the as a fellow kahuna. He seemed sur- natives not to touch it as I was a ka- prised and answered, "Yes, I am a big huna and it would be had for them to kahuna, and I have the mark of a fool with my flags. He carried out my kahuna," at the same time taking off order and returned to me, while I went his hat to show the mark on his head. on about my business by the transit. Seeing no special mark and having no After an hour or so quite a procession knowledge of what he ref erred to, I at of well dressed native men and women once took off my hat and bowing to from Kaawaloa village approached me show him my head, answered, "And I, and, in a most deferential manner, the too, am a kahuna, a bigger one than leader of the party began to speak of the you. see my mark." The bluff worked distress that had come upon their fam- admirably. "Yes, you are a big ka- ilies from lack of fish, for they could huna," he replied. We at once came not be caught in the bay. I listened into pleasant relations and had a good most respectfully to their statements, talk. He finally handed me a parcel though I could not at first understand THE MID-PACIFIC 511 how I was in any way responsible for twenty years ago when Hewahewa ut- their pilikia about fish. To have asked tered this wonderful eulogy in which he questions of them would have injured bursts out with enthusiastic greeting to my prestige as a' Kahuna. I expressed the new God brought in a book across my great sympathy and good will and the waters. Hewahewa was the High listened attentively as their talk went Priest of the ancient regime in these on. At last I understood the trouble. Islands, and a great favorite with the The rock upon which I had built my high chiefs and the royal family. signal was one sacred to their gods, a A few days before the missionaries sort of heiau, perhaps, and my auda- landed Hewahewa both foresaw and ciously setting a signal on it had cast a foretold the event and the exact spot. spell upon the waters of the bay so that of their landing at Kailua. Divining no fish could be caught by them. I then their approach Hewahewa instructed his told them that as I was a man under awa chewer to run in front of the authority to carry out the orders I had house near the shore where the royal received from HonOlulu I could not give family were living, and call out : up my work even though it interfered "E ka lani e, ina aku ke akua a pae mai." with their catching fish for their fami- (0 King, the God will soon land yonder.) lies, but that I would compromise mat- —arid pointing, as he spoke, to the very ters with them in this way ; that flag spot on the sandy beach where, a few must remain where it was for two hours days later, April 4th, 1820, the little more until I had finished with it, then band of missionaries landed from the it would be removed and never again brig Thaddeus, bringing with them the should it cast a spell on the waters of new God. In commemoration of the the bay. "You will then be able to event this spot received the name Kai- catch all the fish you want, for I deeply o-ke-akua, the sea of the God, by which sympathize with you in this trouble name it has ever since been called. Dur- which I have brought upon you," I ing the next few days the missionaries said. had audience with royalty and earnest- "Oh! Emekona," they said, "you are ly presented the claims of their God for very kind and considerate of our the worship of the people. Their plead- trouble. We thank you very much." ing made such an impression on the high As they turned to return to their chieffess, Kapiolani nui, that she told village each shook hands with me most Hewahewa that the God had really cordially and we parted good friends. landed, and expressed her willingness to The father of one of my helpers, accept the new religion. This led He- whose hands had been bitten off by a wahewa, the chief religious leader of the shark while fishing, told me that he did kingdom, to prepare this prayer as a not blame the shark for doing him this welcome to the new God, who had so injury. "I blame the Kahuna," said he, recently arrived : "who sent his spirit messenger to enter A prayer antedating the use of the the shark as an akua hoounauna and Lord's Prayer in Hawaii : forced him to do the cruel work." Arise, stand up, stand. Do not let us condemn too harshly Fill up the ranks, stand in rows, stand. the spirit of these untutored Hawaiians, Lest we be in darkness, in black night. Ye thorny-hearted, assemble, a multitude, but bear in mind the countless supersti- stand. tions of our own day and generation. A great God, a mighty God, We have been living in the light for Is Jehovah, a Visitor from the skies ; A God dwelling afar off, in the heights, hundreds of years. Light was only At the further end of the wind, dawning in Hawaii a hundred and In the rolling cloud, floating .in air. 512 THE MID-PACIFIC

A light cloud resting on the earth, do it justice. The above story was lately A rainbow standing in the ocean, Is Jesus, our Redeemer. given me by Peter Pascal, who in turn By the path from Kahiki to us in Hawaii obtained it from Matthew Kane, of He comes, Halawa, Molokai, who was horn at From the zenith to the horizon ; A mighty rain from the heavens, Kailua, Hawaii. Jehovah, the Supreme, we welcome. The prayer, itself, has been in my Sing praises to the rolling heavens. Now the earth rejoices. collection for more than forty years. We have received the words Hewahewa, the gifted author of this Of knowledge, of power, of life. prayer, was the last High Priest of the Gather in the presence of Poki, In the presence of the ever mighty Lord. old cult and one of the first to denounce Pray with reverence to Jehovah, the old gods and to acknowledge the As a mighty Kahuna of the Islands, new one. With his own hand on the Who, like a torch, shall reveal our great sins, 26th day of June, 1822, he helped to That we may all live ; destroy some 102 idols by fire and thus Live through Jesus. to demonstrate their, impotence. He af- Amen. terwards confessed himself a follower We may remark that the Hawaiians of the Christians' God, and when my regarded the rainbow as the most father, Reverend John S. Emerson, or- beautiful object in nature, whose feet, ganized the Church of Waialua, Oahu, without the connecting arch, were looked Hewahewa became one of the early at- upon as indicating the presence of some tendants, if not a communicant, his exalted personage. Such is the idea home being at Waimea on the same conveyed in this prayer. The imagery island. I know of no good account of and beauty of this exquisitely worded this remarkable man whose story would composition shows its author to be no be so fascinating to the student of an- mean poet. No mere translation can cient Hawaif an worship.

An old Hawaiian. THE MID-PACIFIC 513 *1 The Territory ii P of New >1F :. Guinea and Its ,- Natives 1 *-,- • By GORDON THOMAS • M,, M. R. A. S., F. R. C. I. i) Editor, The Rabaul Times F1 riirM=h2aticauaunu ilogii_l

To the student of anthropology or any of the kindred sciences, the Territory of New Guinea opens up a vast area of virgin material for investigation. Its geographical position is such that on every side there is a variety of type, race and culture. Within the boundaries Two "Duk-dubs," a "Tubuan" in the center. of the Territory are Papuans, Negritoes, Melanesians, Micronesians and Polynes- while into their lores and customs, but ians. And, as a natural result, there are as yet, notwithstanding the fact that admixtures of each type found also. several reports have been issued by these In a broad sense, the types are dis- men, the whole question has been prac- tributed as fellows : On the mainland tically untouched. During the German of New Guinea are found Papuans, regime much useful data was collected by Melanesians and Negritoes, the latter men like Schultze, Keysser, Thurnwald, more especially in the hinterland and the Behrmann and others ; but it is safe mountainous regions ; on the larger to say that the war interfered to no islands of the Archipelago (New Britain, small degree in the carrying on of re- New Ireland, New Hanover, Buka, search work of this nature. Lately, Bougainville and Manus) the Melan- however, this matter is receiving more esian and Papuan are the predominat- attention since a chair of Anthropology ing types ; on several of the western has been established in Sydney and there islands, situated to the north of the is little doubt but that country will now Admiralty Group, Micronesians ; on out- center its energies, for this particular lying islands to the east of the main is- research work, on the Mandated Terri- lands appear marked types of Polynesi- tory. ans. With so great a variety of types it It will thus be seen that the Territory would be impossible in this article to deal as a whole offers wonderful material for with each individually, and I shall con- study and research work amongst this tent myself with a short dissertation on variety. Several eminent anthropologists the Blanche Bay native, who is to be have given some time to the question of found on that portion of New Britain in the variety of types ; have delved for a the vicinity of the chief seaport, Rabaul, 514 THE MID-PAC1FIC

. Two views near the town of Rabaul in New Guinea. The upper picture shows the crater of Matupe and the native boats of the Papuan in the foreground. The lower picture shows a group of Blanche Bay natives with tubuans. As may be seen, life at Rabaul is still primitive in the extreme. THE MID-PACIFIC 515 and whose early characteristics are per- count of its interference with labor con- haps being lost quicker than any other ditions near the meeting places. Can- native in the Territory on account of nibalism was practised until missionary his frequent intercourse with civilization. and government intervention brought Belonging to the Melanesian race, about its abolishment. Spirits are their color is lighter than the Papuans, believed in, and natural objects such as being light brown ; the average height of wells, roads, rivers and trees are all the male being 5 ft. to 5 ft. 6 in. and his credited with possessing spirits. There weight about 110 to 120 lbs. ; long of are also special spirits who control the leg and arm, large feet and usually long elements, wind, rain, thunder and light- tapering fingers with invariably almond- ning. There are also bad spirits who shaped nails which, if properly attended are responsible for sickness, drought and to, would be the envy of many whites. misfortune in fishing or fighting. The Wiry in physique, he is not suited for natural food of these natives consists any continuous strenuous hard labor, chiefly of vegetables, yarns, taro, sweet though his powers of endurance on the potatoes and bananas ; fish and pork march are great, and his swinging are more or less luxuries, fowls and stride enables him to cover long dis- dogs are also eaten on special occasions. stances without fatigue. His intelli- The language of the Blanche Bay gence is low and temperament inclined native is purely Melanesian. Its chief to be morose or even sulky. The women characteristic is its euphony. There are are of a lower intellect and of a smaller no words with two consonants together, physique than the men, their morals are save where the sound 'rig" and "nib" good, prostitution being seldom prac- come into use. The absence of the tised. Abortion is generally practised ; verb "to be" facilitates its mastering mothers seldom have more than two or to a great degree. One word : "na" three children. To the women falls represents the future tense, while the the work of gardening, planting and word "tara" signifies the past. For ex- harvesting and marketing the produce, ample : You (will) come ! "Una mai!" the men confine their activities to hunt- You have gone, "U tara wana." Re- ing and fishing, and preparing the gar- duplication of many words change the dens. The tribes are exogamous ; chil- verb into a noun or degrees of intense- dren belong to the mother's class and ness. "Wana," to go, with the prefix thus prevents the son inheriting land of "wina" becomes "a journey" ; "malapag," his father's. Polygamy in the past has hot, with the duplication malamalapag is been generally practised, but with the "very, very hot" ; to love, "mari," be- advent of the missionary this is dying comes the noun with the prefix "wari." out. Several secret societies were in ex- Perhaps one of the greatest difficulties istence in the earlier days, and even to to the student of the language is the the present time still retain a certain various forms of pronouns. Somewhat amount of influence among the natives. like the Greeks they have a dual case, Principal among these societies is the and different words for "you two," Duk-Duk, a society which was of ten "we two," "those two," "we three," used to extort money and presents from "you three," "those three," etc. The the uninitiated. The power of this numerals are like many of the other Duk-Duk was very great at one time, Melanesian languages, simple, counting as and as late as 1912, the German govern- far as five and then adding prefixes to ment was compelled to bring h. legisla- subsequent numbers, i. e., tikai, ura, tion restricting the holding of meetings utul, ivat, ilima stand for the first five to certain periods of the year on ac- numerals, the second five consist of dap- 516 THE MID-PACIFIC tikai, lavurua, lavutul, lavuvat, avinum ; articles obtained, the money from such the numeral ten being the only numeral sales being spent in the purchase of gaily- not in accord with the rule. Another colored calico and "lava-lavas" for their feature characteristic with other island personal adornment on state occasions. languages and dialects is the word for In this area, perhaps more than in "five," "ilima," which, also like many any other, the mission influence is very other Melanesian dialects means hand great. And it is quite safe to say that (derived from the manner of counting 90% of the Blanche Bay natives are ad- by the fingers and hand). In the Ter- herents to either the Methodist or Cath- ritory alone there are over ten dialects, olic missions. This Territory is not yet with which I am acquainted, that have so civilized but that there are certain this word or a word similar to "ilima" sections of the community which resent representing the numeral five. I have the influence the missions hold over the also traced it to the Gilberts, Fiji, natives. And though some of their Solomons and the Marshalls, and in sev- criticisms may be well founded and eral instances it has the dual significance justifiable, still it is only a matter of of "five" and "hand." It would be of time when natives of this class will all interest to ascertain how often, and in turn to the creeds which are placed how many dialects and languages in the before them for the purpose of their South Seas this word, or derivations uplifting. Whether the native mind is therefrom occur, with the same meaning. capable, or willing, to grasp the true Unfortunately the contact with civil- tenets of Christianity is another matter, ization has considerably deteriorated the and I am quite of the opinion that there Blanche Bay native. The high prices are many so-called adherents to the which he is receiving for his copra (the Christian faith amongst these Blanche result of keen competition amongst Bay natives who only profess Christian- white and Asiatic traders), the prox- ity for the worldly benefit they may de- imity to a civilized center like Rabaul, rive therefrom and are spiritually more where fresh vegetables are scarce and in the dark (judging by their actions) fish almost a luxury, thereby enabling than before they came under mission the native to demand his own price, influence. It would not be fair, how- and the familiarity with which he is ever, to give the impression that the treated by some of the new-corners from missions have not done a great work for lands that cannot appreciate the color this Territory. On the contrary, both line, has all helped to make the once the Methodist, Catholic and on the main- bright, alert savage but a caricature of land of New Guinea, the Lutheran, his former self. At the present time churches have done probably more in the majority of the men are content bringing the natives under control and to sit about their native houses and in touch with the white man than any smoke and chew betel nut, supervise the other method. Their energies were ex- selling of a few coconuts to a trader, erted far earlier than any government which are carried from his plantation organization, and the knowledge which to the trader's store on the back of his the various missions have accumulated, wife, and occasionally sell a few vege- particularly those situated in the hinter- tables at an extortionate price to white land of New Guinea, is wonderful and people in the town. The women con- were it made available to the outside tent themselves with daily carrying vege- world would be of great assistance to tables, fruit and betel nut to the town science. In many of the mission stations where a daily market is held and prices there are priests and brothers who have far in excess of the true value of the dedicated their lives to the work.

THE MID-PACIFIC 517 rICYTIVITMC711C711,71.U,.., 1 11CITI,711VITC71W-777] :. The Greatness• -E of New China ,„..„,) • By JULEAN ARNOLD 1 • U. S. Commercial Attache, Peking, China • g I (Before the Pan-Pacific Club, the Honolulu Chamber of bm)merce, and Engineers' Club) ,...,,...j fiii.Thi=lnuWilnucataiInucaiWalini rclunirL 4

In introducing Mr. Arnold, Dr. K. C. Leebrick said : It is a very great pleasure to be able to present Mr. Julean Arnold to you again. He is already a friend to many Julean Arnold. of you. He was at the Pan-Pacific Com- mercial Conference and was one of the outstanding figures at that successful been three times decorated by the meeting. It has been my pleasure to Chinese Government, and if he turned know Mr. Arnold for a number of years out in all his medals he would outshine —we came from the same university all but General Lewis here. He is well which produces football players and known by his friends for serious and dry other things—the University of Cali- humor. He has given of his services fornia. He is a graduate of the class of not only to this Government but to . friends 1902. He was well known in the art of China too. Many of his closest debate and public speaking and, on behalf are Chinese who have depended upon his of the California alumni in China pre- business judgment and advice regarding sented to the university two beautiful international affairs. If you want to silver debating trophies, one of them in spend anywhere from $100,000 to the shape of the Temple of Heaven. He several millions, he can tell you where to went out to the Orient soon after gradu- invest it to good advantage to yourself ation and received his first appointment and to China. He sees big cycles of from Theodore Roosevelt, and was the things but he also grasps details. He will speak to you from his twenty-four years first student interpreter from America to China. He has lived in the Orient of experience. almost continuously ever since. In ad-• Mr. Arnold: dition to being close to diplomatic work, I feel quite different in rising before Mr. Arnold has learned to know China. an audience here in Honolulu and talk- He is a mountaineer and has been in ing about China than I do when I speak many nooks and corners that most peo- on the same subject in other parts of the ple never dream of in China, and he United States, because I feel that you knows it afoot and by every other means have some reason here for better under- of travel,' and so he knows peoples and standing, since with the numerous con- conditions very well indeed. He has a ferences that have been put through here long list of services to his credit ; he has successfully by the Pan-Pacific Union 518 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PACIFIC 519

and other organizations, and meeting the communities are getting together and men who come through here from time to thinking as one rather than carrying on time, you have had opportunities of get- the old idea of competition in a some- ting in touch with the situation more in- what unfriendly sense. timately and closely and you know more I find, that there is much to be done about it, and you have somewhat more of among our American people in education an idea of the environment I speak of, in Oriental history, in Oriental geogra- for your environment here more closely phy and the study of Oriental civiliza- parallels the situation than the mainland tions and the peoples of the Orient. We offers, and you have a better idea of the need in our high schools on the Pacific suggested relationship to the Far East Coast a great deal of education in re- and China in particular. I have just com- gard to this world across the Pacific— pleted a tour of seven months in the this Asiatic world. An American woman United States in an attempt to help edu- in the East asked a Chinese student, "Is cate our people to a better understanding it true that you eat fried rats ?" He re- of the Far East, and particularly that sponded, "Is it true you eat hot dogs ?" section with which I'm connected— This misconception in regard to China China. I find there is a growing interest and the Far East carries on in many in things Chinese and in the Orient gen- ridiculous forms and ways and it must erally. I find a deeper appreciation on be overcome if we are going to make the part of the American people of the any appreciable headway at all. increasing significance of their position It is quite remarkable that in spite of as a Pacific power. all China's many troubles, trade is still At the 12th annual convention of the going on. Last year's customs revenue Foreign Trade Association which was report showed larger amounts in trade rated the most successfully conducted con- than ever before in spite of these vention in their history and which had disturbances. We read about the rail- representatives from all over the United roads being held up and they are to a States—men from the Eastern states, considerable extent, but just the same from the South and Middle West to dis- trade is going on. America's trade in cuss and listen in on discussions having 1925 aggregated over $13,000,000 more to do with our relations with the Far than it did during 1924. I read in a East, it was gratifying to note the customs return of 1891, where the Com- caliber of men who attended to par- mercial Attache of that time at Shanghai ticipate in the sessions. In Seattle, predicted that Shanghai had reached the where it was held and which is a delight- zenith of its growth and that there would ful city with its fine weather and many be no possibilities for foreigners other attractions more attractive than a con- than what existed then. The outlook vention, it was gratifying to note the was very dull for foreigners then where crowded halls where the convention was there were about 5,000 foreigners in the held. The facilities of the new Olympic city of 400,000. Now Shanghai has 2,- Hotel were not at all adequate for the 000,000 inhabitants and the foreign purposes of the convention. population amounts to 35,000. Our busi- Quite recently in San Francisco the ness has grown from 12 American con- Pacific Coast Foreign Trade Convention cerns to 300 American concerns, and our was held and it was an exceptionally suc- population from 200 Americans to cessful meeting and we found high inter- 4,000. The great banking interests of est in things having to do with the busi-• various nations have put up handsome ness of the Pacific Coast and the rela- buildings indicative of great expansion tion to the outside world. Pacific Coast in commerce and trade. The Hongkong- 520 THE MID-PACIFIC

Shanghai Bank has just finished an aration to replace the old classical edu- eight or nine million dollar building in cated aristocracy, the brigand soldier Shanghai. That hardly agrees with has come to the front, taking full ad- gloomy forebodings about the future. In vantage of the period by transition. spite of the troubles and the disturbance How long will this condition of disorder and the rumor that it is the end of all and turbulence continue? things as far as development is con- Gradually larger numbers of the cerned, we find China from year to year, great masses of Chinese are becoming from decade to decade, going on expand- interested in their country. What was ing and becoming greater financially and once a racial unit is gradually merging industrially. into a national unit. The most striking As far as China's troubles are con- development during the past few dec- cerned : people say, how long is this go- ades among these people is that of a ing on ; how long will China have so national consciousness. National em- many rulers ; how long will a half a blems, national anthems and national dozen different war lords rule supreme aspirations unknown to the China of the in different sections of China ; how long nineteenth century are today almost will all these different groups carrying commoplace. A national demonstration on independently in different parts be in breaks out in Changsha in that capital command ? These questions I shall not city of what was a few decades ago re- venture to answer, as I do not pose as garded as, the hermit province of the a prophet. country, and the next day sympathetic Many people living in China and even demonstrations are staged in fifteen or some of the Chinese themselves are twenty other capital cities throughout rather discouraged and pessimistic. If we the country. Education at one time the want the right view of the situation we privilege of the selected few, is today must view it in the proper perspective. regarded as the essential of the masses We are constantly being reminded and vigorous efforts are being exerted of the fact that China has awakened. to overcome the illiteracy of the hordes Whatever one might choose to call of adult Chinese who cannot read nor it, it can at least be said that the write their language. old China is a thing of the past and we Yes, the thinking masses in China have with us today the New China. are today viewing their country's prob- Old China was ruled by an educational lems from an entirely different angle aristocracy, primed on the teachings of as contrasted with the outlook of their the ancient sages of that nation of thou- ancestors of the past few decades. The sands of years of history. The New New China is receptive to those influ- China primed on the teachings of the ences which carried the industrial revo- \Vest, that is, alive to the significance lution to the remotest regions of the of those forces which have been respon- Western world and which are now in sible for making Western nations pow- full impact with the Orient. This means erful, is now struggling to take over organization. Young China is very the reins of government. busy at present with this big problem of Between the scrapping of the old and organization. It must learn by expe- the installation of the new, we witness rience as most peoples learn, so it will the interesting situation produced by make mistakes. However the fact re- the struggles of certain military over: mains, it is no longer so much a ques- lords to usurp the functions of govern- tion with China of knowing what to do, ment. Thus while a modern educated but more a question of how to do it. aristocracy is being seasoned in prep- The 2,500 Chinese students in the Unit- THE MID-PACIFIC 521

ed States today are there to help their always impressed by the information country to solve this great question as which the average Chinaman possesses. to how China may become a modern You talk with him and you are surprised organized political and economic society. to learn of the things he knows and China is rich in latent resources. The thinks. There are other means of in- country is not land poor. Due to had struction than text books even if we do internal communications, six-sevenths of not seem to think so sometimes, and so the population live in one-third of the the villager is a knowing man in many area of the country. About 80 per cent ways. He is not ignorant by a long of China's population is involved in shot. The village story teller, the village feeding the nation, while about 40 per head man, and the old newspaper drib- cent of the American population feed bling in two weeks late but still with our population much better, and with a news that can be disseminated to those larger surplus for export. China is who cannot read by those who can, all rich in coal, yet the per capita coal this means much. Back of it all is the production is one-sixteenth of a ton respect for education. There is no na- compared with five tons for the annual tion on the face of the earth that has so per capita American production. China much respect for education as China. As consumes but 1/180th as much iron far as economic conditions are con- and steel per capita as that of the Unit- cerned, the people are receptive and ed States. Through modern industrial want to know and learn. They want to organization, each American has at his learn what has made America the great command 20 to 25 mechanical slaves, nation she is and what has put Japan an asset almost unknown to the aver- ahead in such a short time, and why age Chinese. Yet China's greatest po- Japan has her ships all over the tential asset in a productive sense is its oceans of the world. They want to wealth of an industrious man power, know why these people can do these backed by the traditions and heritage things in a comparatively short time. of a rich civilization and well dissemi- Looking back into their early history nated culture. So we may expect big they find that China was once very things from the Chinese people during advanced. They are interested in Japan, the twentieth century and the Pacific in England and America and they are regions will feel the effects of these investigating to try and find out what stupendous developments. makes for power and wealth and prog- In China the spirit of nationalism is ress in these western societies. Their beginning to organize itself. Thus young attention is not centered on academic China is beginning to find itself. Of education. They are after the real and course there are radicals who carry these practical. I was in Detroit and visited ideas to extremes but they drop them Ford's factory and saw several Chinese after awhile. We will have this for students there working in overalls and some time to come without a doubt, but taking their Master of Flivvers, instead of the Chinese are a very practical' people ; their Master of Arts. They are univer- they are good business men and they sity students who are out to find out for are industrious. There are no lazy ele- themselves so that they can go back to ments in the population. They have a China and do something for her. They background of rich culture handed down are not merely working for the 75c an from ages past, and everyone takes some Hour but at the end of two years they part in it. In China illiteracy and igno- can return to China and carry back those rance are not synonymous, 80 per cent of ideas of industrial progress and advance. the people live in villages, and you are You will find that students in engineer- 522 THE MID—PACIFIC THE MID-PACIFIC 523

ing are not content merely with the text ese bring up the standard of their silk book and laboratory metInds and work. so that it could be used without being They want actual experience, and so it is rewound. After seeing their silk manu- with medicine and agriculture and other facture methods in Canton, he said, "I vocations. These things are going on in am impressed with what these people a way that must make a change in the can do in such a short time. I can say future. Of course these student; will that they have put changes into effect not get into action immediately. But in their methods more quickly than we most of the outstanding men in China could have done it in America." That and Japan now are those who were edu- is a testimony to the Chinese and their cated abroad in foreign methods and who ability to adapt themselves to new con- went back to their own countries and set ditions. These things are going on to work. Look at the private offices in despite of all the seeming trouble and the banks, at the doors marked president so it gives us hope for the future. and manager and you will find a man This receptivity to modern methods who speaks English as well as any of and modern materials and machinery and us. The leading figures in the big Chin- the idea of getting together nationally, ese department stores are trained men merging their racial instincts to national from foreign universities. The idea of ones and uniting and trying to do some- establishing one price for goods, corpor- thing for the larger group, all this means- ate institutions, maximum turnover and everything for the future. minimum profit, cotton mill methods and What do we know about China and so on have all been influenced by these her resources ? Most people think, "the returned students. The cotton mills had country is overpopulated and there is a struggle but they are learning their not much land and even if we did give lesson, not from text books, from them all these modern devices of eco- experience. There are more flour mills, nomic and industrial society, they would more industrial plants and more business simply come over here and swamp us with due to these men. The Commercial their competition." Just remember that Press in Shanghai has increased its 6/7ths of the Chinese population is liv- value from a capital of a few thousand ing in 1/3rd of the country. There is dollars twenty-five years ago to $10,000,- plenty of undeveloped land in Asia that 000 today. It has 50 or 69 branches will lend itself to development, but there and 100 agencies, with its own school must be railways and economic methods and its own educational system. There introduced. The 6,500 miles of rail- is riot much said about it in the news- roads must be extended to 200,000 miles. papers, but it keeps plugging away suc- Its few thousand miles of motor roads cessfully. When the Bank of China was must be extended to many thousands. taxed beyond its resources by the new Its 15,000 automobiles as compared dynasty, a group of men got together with our 19,000,000 must be ex- and put it on its feet and it is now a panded into some millions of cars. In substantial private concern. This was China 80% of the population are en- clone under trying conditions but little gaged in feeding the nation, compared was said of it, for the Chinese are not with 40% of our population engaged in prone to advertise, but these things go the same work, and we are better fed on and they show progress. and have more of a surplus for export. You have heard of Charles Cheney, There is a great amount of man power one of the American silk leaders, and he that must he released for other work in made a trip to China a few years ago China. Yon can see the industrial back- when we were trying to make the Chin- wardness of China as compared with the 524 THE MID-PACIFIC progress of the United States. We must selves and these point to definite devel- level that down or bridge the gap and opment during the coming decades. Thus China is busy doing just that. They are in its larger aspects it is a promising going to close that gap and that will situation. mean huge opportunities for trade in There is much you can all do to help. China with the world at large. We are We can help them with our confidence much concerned in the whole question and we can help them to keep up their because it is becoming a center of world courage. We have had dark days in activity—China is. The mass man power our own history, as also have all other of Japan and China and India will con- peoples. When China's troubles are tribute to the development of the world. straightened out, as they will be, we may Now that the Industrial Revolution has expect wonderful development in these spread to that section of the earth, Asia Pacific regions. You see the results is on. the frontier in the sense of modern already in more trade and larger ships. industrialization. I thank you for the honor you have A man who occupies such a position as mine sees why he should not he over conferred upon me in inviting me to concerned with the war lords, because address you here today, and I congrat- they are only a passing phase as the new ulate you upon the good work you are China will be coming into the ring and doing to further more intelligent and taking control. I can say that there is more sympathetic relations between the a widespread interest among the Chin- nations bordering on the Pacific. You ese for progress and education and in- are taking advantage of the strategic creasingly more keenness on the part of position you occupy to help in this great the Chinese to do something for them- cause of Pan-Pacific education.

Steainboating on the Yangtse. THE MID-PACIFIC 525

• • • 170:711C71T7071PITC7111:71117,711q Questions and „S Answers About Japan By DOUGLAS L. DUNBAR Secretary of the Japan Society

The Japan Society has issued a most excellent brochure on things Japanese. Japan of today. It answers twenty-five questions f re- quently asked about Japan, and copies Japan is remarkable for the length of may be secured from the Japan Society, its coast line, there being one mile of 30 West 44th Street, New York City, coast to every eight and a half square while they last. miles of area. This brochure is so excellent that The estimated population of the Em- doubtless it will not last indefinitely. The pire of Japan is 80,000,000. The popu- Mid-Pacific Magazine therefore reprints lation of Japan proper is about 56,000,- some of the excellent material contained 000. in it. In answer to the first question, "Where is Japan Located?" the brochure The census of 1920 showed 376 people to each square mile in Japan proper, replies making Japan stand third in the list of Japan extends northeast and southwest countries rated according to density of along the eastern mainland of Asia, in population. Belgium had 658, Nether- the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Rus- lands 536, and Great Britain 374 inhab- sia and China, for a distance of about itants per. square mile. The population 2,100 miles. The Empire consists of per square mile in Rhode Island in 1920 five large and innumerable small islands was 566.4 ; in New York State 217.9 ; in (well over 4,000), together with Korea, California 22, and in Oregon 8.2. a part of the island of Saghalien (Russia owning the other part) and the island Coal, iron, oil, gold, silver and copper of Formosa. At no part is the main are among the natural resources of island more than 200 miles wide, the Japan. average width being 75 miles. Japan has a potential supply of 8,000,- 000 horse power in the form of water Japan proper contains 148,756 square power or "white coal." Roughly speak- miles ; the Japanese Empire (Korea, For- ing, only about 2,000,000 horse power mosa and Saghalien included) contains 260,738 square miles. The State of is being used at present. Texas contains 262,398 square miles. Fish abound in the surrounding wa- Thus the whole Empire of Japan could ters and about 1,400,000 people are en- be placed within the borders of Texas gaged in the fishing industry. and there would remain 1,660 square An enlightened forestry program in- miles of Texas. sures a supply of lumber. Formosa pro- 526 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID -PACIFIC 527

duces the world's major needs of cam- may be from ten to twenty feet deep phor. in the winter. With an estimated population of 80,- In 1921 there were 1,139 newspapers 000,000 people, the Empire of Japan is and 2,843 periodicals published regu- rich in "man power." larly in the Empire. Of the 129,250 square miles of the The first daily Japanese newspaper main islands of Japan, only 28,560 square was published in Yokohama in 1871. miles (18,278,400 acres) can be culti- In Osaka, the industrial city of Japan, vated. Of the 260,738 square miles in there are two daily papers, each of which the Empire, 17 per cent of the land is has a circulation of over 1,000,000 arable, the 83 per cent remaining being copies. These two papers publish dailies made up of mountains, rivers, lakes, in other cities, and the combined circu- forests, and waste land. Over 50 per lation of the "home" paper and the cent of the arable land is devoted to the "branch" papers is in excess of 4,000,- cultivation of rice. About 1,250,000 acres 000 copies daily for each of the pub- are given over to growing mulberry lishing houses. trees on which the silk worms feed. Some of the dailies run comic strips Other products are barley, rye, wheat, and cartoons. In Tokyo, Kobe, and tea, millet, buckwheat, Indian corn, bam- Yokohama Japanese publishers issue boo, tobacco, beans, sweet potatoes, egg daily papers in English as well as in plant, mushrooms, radishes, parsnips. Japanese. In Tokyo an American pub- lotus, plums, pears, peaches, persimmons, lishes a daily newspaper of about 10 oranges, grapes and apples. Crops of pages in English. any size can, of necessity, be produced It is worth noting that Japanese news- only by intensive cultivation and the use paper publishers derive most of their of every bit of land that will lend itself income from subscriptions rather than to cultivation. Much of the land is ir- advertising. One result of this is that rigated. The rivers of Japan are swift editors have a strong incentive to pub- and shallow, for the most part, affording lish sensational news, or that material a means of irrigation and power rather which will most likely attract readers. than communication. The first electric enterprise started in As the Empire extends north and Japan was the Tokyo Electric Light south nearly 2,000 miles, there is a Company, organized in 1886, beginning variation in climate from the • almost business the following year with a small tropical climate of the far south to the generator and an output of current for sub-arctic of the north. By far the 75 lights. greater part of the Empire is in the In 1923 the number of electrical estab- temperate zone and enjoys, both in tem- lishments totaled 5,203, with a total perature and humidity, an average be- capital investment of 2,300,000,000 yen tween the two extremes. The annual ($1,150,000,000) and a total power out- average temperature of the larger part put of about 3,000,000 kilowatts. of the Empire ranges from about 48 During the past 23 years the output to 79 degrees Fahrenheit. of electric energy has increased 406 per The warm Black Stream, or Black cent for hydro-electric power and 250 Current, has a marked influence on the per cent for steam-electric power. Yet climate and thus on agricultural prod- today Japan uses only about 25 per cent ucts. It is because of this current that of the estimated 8,000,000 horse power oranges will grow in Japan as far north commercially available as waterpower in as the latitude of New York. the dry season. In the high mountain regions the snow It is estimated that there are more 528 TIIE MID-PACIFIC

Japan is still primarily an agricultural country. Her people are farmers and lead the simple life, but throughout Japan the standard of living everywhere is rising and the Japanese are taking their place in the world as one of the most fortuard and advanced races. THE MID-PACIFIC 529 than 300,000 telephone subscribers in In 1917 there were 7,500 industrial Japan. In December, 1890, telephone companies in Japan with a capital of 2,- service was inaugurated in Tokyo and 300,000,000 yen ($1,150,000,000). By Yokohama and also between the two 1922 the number had increased to 13,500, cities. In 1897 the city of Osaka, 350 with a capital investment of 6,600,000,- miles from Tokyo, was added to the ter- 000 yen ($3,300,000,000). Stocks in the ritory served and from then on "long large trading, manufacturing and insur- distance" service developed. The govern- ance companies and in banks are regu- ment owns and controls the telephone larly traded in on the stock exchanges system. Applications for telephone of Japan. One large corporation, like service far exceed the government's abil- Mitsui for example, will be found to ity to supply it, and, as a result, tele- operate its own steamships, cotton mills, phone service is bought and sold through mines, railroads and banks, and have brokers at prices ranging from 1,000 to branch offices in all the big world cities. 2,000 yen ($500 to $1,000) for an The United States buys more of instrument, to which price must be Japan's products than any other country, added the cost of installation. annually taking over 40 per cent in value The best radio sets manufactured in of the total of Japan's exports. In 1923 America are now sold in Japan in addi- Japan's customers, in order of their im- tion to sets made by the Japanese them- portance, were : United States, China, selves. A few broadcasting stations have British India, Hongkong, Dutch East been opened with programs offering lec- Indies, Great Britain, Australia an 1 tures, singing, instrumental music, or- France. The volume of Japan's foreign chestral selections and jazz dance music. trade shows a steady development. The There are over 10,000 miles of rail- year 1924 compared with the year 1914 road operated in Japan. Much of the shows an increase of 360 per cent in the mileage is owned by the government. value of foreign trade. Japanese maintain regular passenger Cotton and silk represent 68 per cent lines and freight service to all im- of the total trade of Japan. Japan buys portant parts of the world. raw cotton in the United States and sells In 1914 Japanese lines owned 2,133 manufactured cotton goods to China. steamships, aggregating 1,500,000 gross Japan produces raw silk and exports it tons. By 1923 the figures had increased all over the world, the United States to 3,046 vessels and 3,300,000 tons. Sail- being the best customer. ing ships and smaller vessels add 350,000 Raw silk is the most important export, tons to this figure. Japan has well constituting 45 per cent of the total ex- equipped dockyards, dry docks and ship- ports. Japan supplies about 60 per cent building facilities to turn out ocean- of the raw silk needs of the world and going liners of large size, good speed, the United States takes 85 to 90 per and luxurious equipment. cent of all Japan can produce. The Deposits in savings banks outside of annual average value of raw silk and silk postal savings, in 1924 totaled 768,000,- products sold by Japan to us is $190,- 000 yen ($384,000,000). 000,000. Other exports to the United Deposits in the commercial and pri- States are : tea, potteries, straw braid for vate banks and trust companies are also hat making, brushes, canned and bottled an index of the increase in wealth of foodstuffs, camphor, and cotton tissues. the country. In 1914 such deposits Raw cotton forms by far the bulk of totaled 2,212,000,000 yen ($1,106,000,- our exports to Japan, being valued an- 000), while in 1924 the deposits totaled nually, on an average, in excess of $120,- 9,552,000,000 yen ($4,776,000,000). 000,000. We sell Japan well over half 5.30 THE MID-PACIFIC

Among the ladies of Japan the old formal ceremonies are still kept up indoors and tea is served as of old, but the younger generation is growing more democratic.

of all the cotton used in her spinning the House of Representatives are industry. Next in our exports to Japan elected, all males over 25 years of age come : iron rods, bars, plates, etc. ; ma- now being privileged to vote. Women chinery and parts ; lumber and wood in Japan have no vote as yet. pulp ; construction materials ; kerosene All laws must be passed by both oil. During the years 1921, 1922, and houses. The Emperor can dissolve the 1923, the United States sold Japan, on House of Representatives, after which an average, 30 per cent in value of all there would be another election. the products Japan imported. The Emperor makes war, declares Japan is a constitutional monarchy. peace and concludes treaties. (In actual The constitution was promulgated in practice these decisions are made by the 1889. The Emperor exercises his rights Privy Council and the Cabinet.) according to the constitutional provisions. A Cabinet remains in power usually There is an Imperial Diet of two houses only so long as it retains the majority —a House of Peers and a House of vote of the Lower House. On the fall Representatives. The House of Peers of a Cabinet the Emperor designates is composed of members of the Imperial a Prime Minister to form a new Cabinet. Family, of the orders of nobility, of In practice, the Emperor of Japan those designated by the Emperor because exercises about the same powers as does of meritorious national service or be- the King of England ; but the Emperor cause of scholarship, and also, certain probably has a greater influence on the of the high tax payers. Members of people than has the King because of the THE MID-PACIFIC 531

Japanese children have learned to like the ice cream cone. different traditions and political experi- Buddhism came to Japan about 1500 ences that the people of the two Em- years ago. It has a ritual, is rich in pires have undergone.. moral precepts, stands for mercy, has Shinto is the national cult. It is native developed a high philosophy of life and to Japan and is founded on ancestor has incidentally enriched the art of Japan worship. Shinto involves no moral code ; by importations from India, China and it presupposes morality in the worship- Korea. Buddhism is not a state of re- pers. The underlying idea is purity and ligion but is supported by its adherents. purification, and prayers are offered with All the Christian churches are repre- this end in view. The ancestors can sented in the empire, for, as in the protect the faithful from natural evils, United States, there is entire freedom of national menace, and from evil in the religious belief and expression. heart or mind. Shinto is really not a Rice is the staple article of food, but religion. It teaches the goodness of the the three daily meals show a good varia- human heart and advocates following tion in the diet. There are in the menu : the genuine impulses of the heart. It soup, boiled vegetables, pickled vege- implies a future reward. tables, fried fish, fried and boiled game 532 THE MID-PACIFIC at times ; fried, boiled and stewed shell- other bit of decoration, at a time. In- fish, and slices of raw fish (one of the stead of hanging all their pictures on most easily digested of all foods), with the walls at the time, only one, or tea as a beverage. a pair, may be hung in a room. But this Great pride is taken in the dainty and one is often changed to please a guest, beautiful dishes in which the food is to fit the season of the year, or for any served. No knives or forks are used but of a number of reasons, so that in course rather chop sticks. Soup is sipped from of time all of their cherished art objects the bowls in which it is served. Sweets will have been used. are now popular, chocolate being a -favor- There are but few pieces of furniture. ite among the younger element. Mats, not chairs, are used. One low The Japanese are not meat eaters. table will suffice in a room. The aim Meat is not overabundant, and the teach- is to have each thing in the room as ings of Buddha have discouraged its use. beautiful and artistic as possible. To quench the thirst the Japanese Floors are covered with matting, al- produce or import all the beverages, both though rugs are also used. alcoholic and non-alcoholic, familiar to The bed is a quilt unrolled on the the people of other countries. Sake, a floor. Sliding partitions often form the mild alcoholic beverage distilled from walls. Rice paper set in attractive wood- rice, is native to Japan. It is taken work may be used in the windows in- either hot or cold. stead of glass. Sports and games are not indulged in As the grain of the wood is admired to so great an extent as with us, but by the Japanese, paint is not much used. the youth of the land likes to play. No foreigner can buy land in fee Swings, see-saws, a kind of "tag" are simple in Japan, but he can rent land for popular. Kite-flying is perhaps more the purpose of building on it or can popular in Japan than in any other rent a dwelling for any number of years ; country. The girls, of course, have their for example, 999 years. dolls. Mechanical toys of all kinds are Foreigners may also form a corpora- in demand. Baseball is very popular tion and become a juridical person, secur- and has as ardent fans as are to be found ing ownership identical with that of a in the United States. Tennis has long Japanese. (American mission boards all been played. hold their land and other property in Wrestling and fencing have been pop- Japan in this way.) Moreover, such a ular as far back as records go. Today corporation does not need to have any the great wrestlers draw large crowds. Japanese stockholders or any Japanese Archery, too, has long been popular. directors, but can be exclusively a cor- The Boy Scout movement has brought poration of aliens. with it many of the pastimes of other The National Committee on Japanese- countries. Motion pictures of Japanese American Relations states that 169 cor- school children show that they keenly porations organized exclusively by f or- enjoy the sports they engage in. Track eigners own 656 acres in Japan. There meets are held. are 20 Americans in Japan who own Golf is gaining in popularity and some land in the name of Japanese. There are excellent golf courses have been con- 336 foreigners, of whom 55 are Amer- structed. There are now a dozen courses icans, who hold 430 acres in Japan under in use in Japan. perpetual lease. Simplicity is the keynote in house fur- There is much more in the brochure nishing. Japanese admire one flower, and whether or not you are a member one picture, one screen or one vase, or of the Japan Society, send and get it. THE MID-PACIFIC 533

At a Pan-Pacific Club Luncheon in Tokyo: the Russian Ambassador to Japan; to his left is Viscount Inouye, President of the Club, and beside him, American Ambassador McVeagh. 11C7117111:7711 1711171z7zunurnuircinKyourrunCri runcynciriUncTICATYricniVITunpnoupx Proceedings of the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo Speakers, Mr. Louis A. Sussdorf, First Secretary of the American Embassy, and Mr. 1 Iwao Nishi, Commissioner General of the Japanese Government to the Sesqui-Cen- tennial Exposition in Philadelphia.

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Meeting of the Pan-Pacific Club, ident of the Club feel particularly grate- Friday, Feb. 19, 1926, Viscount T. ful that they are always good enough to Inouye, President, presiding : accept our invitations in spite of the I have the pleasure to announce to pressure of business. A few weeks ago you as speakers of the day, Mr. Louis we had the pleasure of listening to the A. Sussdorf, First Secretary of the new American Ambassador, Mr. American Embassy, and Mr. Iwao Nishi, McVeagh, and today we have Mr. Suss- Commissioner General of the Japanese dorf of the same Embassy. I have Government to the Sesqui-Centennial pleasure in asking Mr. Sussdorf to International Exposition, Philadelphia. address us. It is always a great pleasure to have Mr. Sussdorf: It is a great pleasure with us newly arrived members of the to me to be present on this occasion and Diplomatic Corps, and I myself as Pres- to join the President and the members of 534 THE MID-PACIFIC

the Pan-Pacific Club in extending a wel- Japanese Government at the Sesqui- come to Mr. Nishi who has been en Centennial International Exposition. The trusted with the dignified mission of rep- Exposition is to commemorate the one resenting the Imperial Japanese Gov- hundred and fiftieth anniversary of ernment at the Sesqui-Centennial Ex- American independence, and it will be position, which will be held at Philadel- on a grand scale worthy of the most phia from June 1, to December 1, 1926, memorable event in American history. in celebration of the one hundred and From the beginning the Japanese Gov- fiftieth anniversary of the signing of ernment has shown its deep interest the Declaration of Independence. The in the success of the exposition. When decision of His Imperial Majesty's Gov- President Coolidge sent us an invitation ernment to participate in the Exposition to participate last year, our Government has caused great satisfaction to the Pres- accepted it without hesitation, and ex- ident of the United States and the pressed their pleasure and readiness to Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as well join in the good cause. The Govern- as to the Management of the Sesqui- ment was glad to help celebrate the Centennial Exhibition Association. most historic event of the United States, Japan is bound to us by such close ties for they desired to show Japan's cordial of friendship that it is always a great friendship for that country. The Gov- satisfaction to welcome her representa- ernment at once appropriated a sum of tives at any international gathering which 1,150,000 yen for necessary preparation. takes palce in the United States. It is When there was a move in America last felt that the cooperation of her dele- year to postpone the Exposition, some gate will tend to strengthen the bonds of the European nations held back and of science, commerce and art, which hesitated about their participation, but already exist between the two countries our Government remained adamant, and which, happily, show a constant ten- never wavering from their first decision, dency to increase. I can assure Mr. and went ahead in making preparations Nishi of a warm welcome in my coun- for their exhibit. The deep interest try, and I hope that his stay there will thus shown by Japan in the coming ex- be an enjoyable one to him. position has been very greatly appreci- Viscount Inouye: I now have the ated, not only by the exposition authori- pleasure of calling upon Mr. Iwao ties, but also by the Government of the Nishi, who is an old friend of mine— United States. if I remember rightly we met first in Since last year, while making prepara- 1904 when the St. Louis Exposition was tions for exhibits, our Government has held. We were both students at that been urging manufacturers and busi- time. Since then he has been to the nessmen to take part in the Exposition. United States several times and he thor- The Departments of Commerce, of Edu- oughly understands conditions there. cation, of Railways and of Communica- Mr. Nishi: You have done me a tions, have prepared elaborate exhibits great honor in inviting me to speak at to be shipped to Philadelphia at the this Club on the eve of my departure for earliest date. All of the exhibits by busi- the United States. When I accepted ness men and manufacturers will be dis- your kind invitation, my steamer was played under the supervision of the scheduled to sail tomorrow but fortun- Sangyo Kyokai, the Japan Industrial ately for me its sailing has been post- Association. The leading commercial and poned until Sunday. This time, I am industrial organizations, such as the Raw going to the United States in the capac- Silk Association of Japan, the Silk Ex- ity of Commissioner-General of the porters' Association, the Association of THE MID-PACIFIC 535

Steamship Companies, the Mine Owners' ter to Congress and prepared a pamphlet Association, the Department Store As- on the subject of returning to Japan, the sociation and the Japan Tea Association, Japanese Indemnity Fund amounting to will all make special exhibits illustrating $750,000. He also prepared a volume the development of their respective in- on Japanese education for the Phila- dustries. Besides the Imperial House- delphia Exposition, and made every ef- hold has kindly consented to loan Imper- fort to introduce Japanese civilization to ial art treasures. Thus, the. Japanese ex- the American people. His services for hibits at the Sesqui-Centennial Exposi- the cause of Japan are still today re- tion will comprise the works of art, the membered with gratitude by our country- products of our industry and manufac- men. Our exhibits at the Centennial Ex- ture, illustrating the industrial and com- position made a tremendous impression mercial development and standard of and they are still today preserved in the culture and civilization of modern Japan. Municipal Museum of Philadelphia. It is interesting to recall our earlier Half a century has gone by since the experiences at the international exposi- Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia. tion held in the United States fifty Since then, Japan has participated in years ago. In 1876 the Centennial Ex- many expositions in the United States, position was held in Philadelphia to namely at Chicago, Buffalo, St. Louis, commemorate the One Hundredth An- Jamestown, Portland, Seattle and San niversary of American Independence. Francisco. What changes have been Having had very little experience in an wrought in the course of the last fifty international exposition, the Japanese years ! America has become one of the Government was greatly concerned as to greatest nations in the world, and Japan the impression their participation would has emerged from feudalism to become make. A special Commission for Ex- a modern industrial nation. Today position Affairs was created in the De- Japan is going to Philadelphia to again partment of Home Affairs, and the late commemorate the One Hundred and Honorable ,Toshimichi Okubo, then Fiftieth Anniversary of American Inde- Minister for Home Affairs, was made pendence. I sincerely hope that our President and General Saigo, Minister of participation in the coming Exposition War, Vice-President. On February 27, will serve to strengthen the bond of 1876, General Saigo sailed for the friendship between the United States United States to represent the Japanese and Japan. Thus, may America and Government at the opening of the Japan be lasting friends for centuries to Exposition. come. At that time there was an American Before we adjourn I want to make educator who rendered a great service to an announcement. Next Friday, we will the cause of education of our country, celebrate the 100th meeting of the Pan- and who assisted the Government in Pacific Club of Tokyo. We have sent making preparations for the Exposi- invitations out to all the representatives tion. He was the late Dr. David Mur- of Pacific countries and have already ray of New Brunswick, New Jersey, received acceptances from the Ambas- who came to Japan in 1873 as an adviser sador of Great Britain, the Ambassador of the Department of Education. Dr. of the United States, the Minister of Murray returned to the United States Mexico and the Minister of Portugal. in connection with the Philadelphia Doubtless many other representatives of Centennial Exposition, and spent a Pacific countries will be good enough to large part of the winter of 1875-1876 in attend, whose replies have not yet come Washington. He published an open let- to hand. 536 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PACIFIC 537

At this luncheon in Tokyo of the Pan-Pacific Club, Prince I. Tokugawa, honorary president, is smiling at something said by the British Ambassador. The Portuguese Minister is address- ing the Club.

ilyrounnvyrrzr,InLyni,runvuunununrivuurIvrir:4 The One Hundredth Luncheon Meeting of the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo February 25, 1925, Presiding of ficer, Viscount T. Inouye, President. Speakers: H. E. Victor L. Kopp, Ambassador to Japan of the U. S. S. R.; H. E. Sir John Tilley, Ambassador to Japan from Great Britain; Mr. Katsuji Debuchi, Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs ; Hon. Charles Mac- Veagh, Ambassador to Japan from America; Prince I. Tokugawa.

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We are here today to celebrate the ever thought we would reach our one hundredth meeting of our Club. In hundredth meeting. Today, as Presi- the early days of the Pan-Pacific Club, dent, I feel indeed pleased to announce when Alexander Hume Ford, of Hono- that we have gone so far, that we are, lulu, came to Japan and inaugurated the in fact, stronger than ever, and it gives club on April 21st, 1923, many of us me still greater pleasure to welcome at perhaps felt rather doubtful whether we our hundredth gathering the distin- would long survive, and very few of us guished company who are now with us. 538 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo is af- Ming, the former United States Am- filiated with the Pan-Pacific Association bassador, the Hon. Cyrus E. Woods, of Japan, while the latter is again af- whose work for us during the earth- filiated with the Pan-Pacific Union in quake we will all remember ; the lamented Honolulu. Therefore, if I explain their late Ambassador, Edgar A. Bancroft ; relations concisely, the Union is inter- the late Premier Count Takaaki Kato national, the Association is national and the distinguished head of the while the Club is local. We are work- Tokugawa family who has so often ad- ing conjointly for the same purpose. Of dressed us, Prince Iyesato Tokugawa ; course there are many Pan-Pacific As- the Hon. Charles MacVeagh, the Ameri- sociations in other Pacific. countries and can Ambassador, and Mr. Victor Kopp, also Clubs under their respective As- the Russian Ambassador ; Dr. Don sociations. There are associations in Carlos Puig Casauranc, Mexican Min- China, Australia, etc., and clubs in ister ; Ambassador Matsudaira and Shanghai, Sidney, etc. Baron Matsui, now in London. The purpose of the Club is to bring All these distinguished men have had together the people of nations bordering something of value to tell us, they have on the Pacific Ocean—to foregather imparted by their presence strength and once a week and take a simple lunch prestige to our society and their en- and talk, exchange ideas, and listen to couragement is something for which we some speaker on some topic of common all feel thankful. We look forward to interest within the scope of one hour seeing them again, and on behalf of the possibly. Our members will acknowl- Club, I am sure, you will authorize me edge that in the course of the past three to give them a most hearty vote of years they have listened to a great va- thanks. Our official thanks are also due riety of the most interesting addresses in to His Excellency Prince Tokugawa, all possible languages. Those who have Honorary President of the Club, who addressed these gatherings have spoken was the sponsor for the Club at its in- on all phases of Pacific life and activity ception, and who has given his con- —a wide range of topics indeed. We stant encouragement. have, as a matter of fact, been a happy Thanks are also due to the newspapers Pacific family, and I trust that this will who have so readily given space for the always be our chief characteristic. reports of our meetings, and our deep Further, I will say we have been a thanks to those who have played the steadily increasing family—increasing in necessary roles of organizers of these numbers and influence. We have now weekly gatherings during the past three 438 members. years, our Directors, Messrs. Berton, A simple list of the subjects that have Blake, Kawai, Mayesawa, Kasai and been discussed at our weekly meetings Young. From the first they have as- would in itself be imposing, but more sumed the active direction of the affairs imposing still is the roll of speakers, in- of the club, and it is not necessary for cluding many noted men and some of me to say that these weekly meetings do worldwide fame. Among those who not arrange themselves, nor does the have thus honored us let me mention a weekly speaker come unsolicited, some- few as exemplifying, not only the cathol- times he has to be dragged. In par- icity of our taste but the variety of na- ticular we owe our thanks as a Club to tionalities of those who have favored us. one who has closely identified himself We have had at this table the famous with its activities from the outset—I re- Indian man of letters, Rabindrinath fer to Mr. Kawai, Chief Secretary of the Tag-ore, the Chinese savant Ku-Hung- House of Peers. THE MID -PACIFIC 339

Now, with these few preliminary re- Club will utilize this possibility in the marks which I think the occasion justi- future with the same success it has done fies I will now call upon the first speaker, in the past. H. E. Victor L. Kopp, Ambassador of I extend my best wishes for the future the U. S. S. R. flourishing of the work of this Club. I Mr. Kopp: I believe I will express the trust that in the future as in the past, unanimous opinion of all those present if representatives of all nations of the I bring the most ardent congratulations new and the old worlds will meet to- to the organizers and leaders of the gether on the platform of the club and Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo at today's exchange friendly handshakes, even anniversary luncheon. though these representatives have differ- All of us who experienced the World ent interests and strivings, but in the War, are still struggling with its gloomy depths of their hearts they are all striv- heritage. We know that in the noise of ing for mutual understanding and peace- the cannon, the most precious cultural ful cultural collaboration. ties all over the world have been broken I and the spirit of national egotism and His Excellency Sir John Tilley: exclusiveness strengthened, the spirit feel the deepest gratitude to the Club which is the worst enemy of the cul- f or their great kindness in inviting me tural strivings of all humanity. We here today and giving me the opportunity know that this heritage of the past is of making the acquaintance not only of still not liquidated and everyone of us the members of the Club but also of many of those whom in a short time I in his daily work always comes across these barbed wires of thought which hope to count as my personal friends. It is an additional kindness on the part were constructed during the war. So, with great joy we have to greet of the Club because at the present mo- this courageous start made by the organ- ment I have no existence at all. I have izers of the Pan-Pacific Club, who have not yet been presented, I have arrived in created a wide and free arena for in- this country, have ceased to become a ternational intercourse and within the private citizen and have not become a walls of which representatives of all na- public man. tions and States are free to meet each There are many other reasons why I other and mutually exchange views and am grateful to the Club for asking me opinions. here to-day. For instance, I think it The jubilee of the one hundredth eminently suitable that an Ambassador meeting of the members of this club is should make his first appearance at a therefore an important event not only Club with a name so propitious. You in the life of the capital where we are know now-a-days the principal object of now living, but it is an event of interna- Ambassadors is to be emissaries of tional importance. The celebration of this peace from their own countries to those jubilee gives us the assurance that the to which they are accredited. The name work of the Pan-Pacific Club has not of this Club suggests splendid develop- been done in vain and gives us the hope ment of peaceful ideas and I have no that this work will evermore strengthen doubt every member of this Club seeks itself and develop in the future. to out-do his neighbor in meekness and Being situated geographically on the humility and finding opportunities of border line of the new and old worlds turning the other cheek to the smiter. the Pan-Pacific Club has the happy pos- Of course I know that the eponymous sibility to be the true international cul- here of the Club, the Pacific Ocean, tural organization, and I hope that the received his name in the rather vain 540 THE MID-PACIFIC

The dove seems to be typical of the faith of Buddhism, for Buddhism has never fought for its religion, yet it seems to have conquered, through peace, hundreds of millions of the Orientals. The dove looks on the Buddhist temple as his home and is always welcome. THE MID-PACIFIC 541 hope that if he was called Pacific he already speak from personal experience, would be so, and when you call your- and I feel that they have an agreeable selves Pacific I have no doubt you are and wonderful gift of making the heart and soul in favor of peace as I am stranger feel he is really welcome and sure every thinking person in the world that they are glad to see him. I do is today. greatly appreciate the welcome I have One other point—many people think already received in this country and I the best way now-a-days of insuring the thank all those who have contributed to peace of the world is by making treaties it and especially the President of this and agreements between groups of na- Club and the Club for so kindly invit- tions and then linking them up by other ing me here today. groups of members until by a process of Viscount Inouye: After we have had natural growth you arrive at universal the pleasure of listening to these two peace. So, if I may so describe them very eloquent and interesting addresses, there are a great many Pans in the delivered by friends from the other side world—we have Pan-Americanism, Pan- of the ocean, I will now call upon Mr. African, Pan-Asiatic, Pan-Germanic, and Katsuji Debuchi, Vice-Minister for For- even a Pan-Anglican thing, but the eign Affairs; Pan-Anglican consists entirely of bish- Mr. Debuchi: Allow me heartily to ops. Of course any one or two of those congratulate the Club on its one hun- organizations might fall out—the bishops dredth meeting. That I have the priv- at a Pan-Anglican conference might fall ilege of doing so in this public manner out with the Pan-Africans, therefore, it is due to the fact that the Foreign Min- is very desirable there should be a ister, Baron Shidehara, regrets very further series of organizations linking much that he cannot be present today, up the first set. The Pan-Pacific Clubs owing to the pressure of his official do link up members of other Pan-As- duties. He has, therefore, instructed sociations and so make a series of links me to represent him—an injunction and a chain which eventually will bind with which I have neither the will nor the whole world together in peaceful (perhaps) the power to refuse to association. That I think makes your comply. Club one of very great interest to all We have heard of the "Thousand and of us. It is an additional reason why I One Nights," and I can only hope that am grateful to you for asking me here the "Hundred Lunches" have been equal- today. ly entertaining. They have certainly Before I close I should like to quote in been more instructive—as a glance at thanking you for your kindness, a few the long list of eminent authorities who words which were I believe first used have spoken at these meetings will show. by an Englishman in describing the The organizers of the Club, to whom a Japanese. They have doubtless been great debt of gratitude is due—Prince quoted to you a few hundred thousand Tokugawa, Viscount Inouye and their times before but this makes it permis- colleagues—have week by week ar- sible for us to do so again. What he ranged for speakers of the most interest- said, I think, was that he found the ing kind, experts on their various sub- Japanese to be by nature good, of ex- jects, and prepared to furnish you with treme courtesy and valiant in war. Of the distilled essence of their wisdom in course as there is to be no more war twenty minutes. Seriously, that is really this leaves only the first two qualities a great privilege: and I am not surprised for consideration. Of their extreme that the attendance at the lunches is so courtesy and goodness of nature I can well kept up, and that these Friday 542 THE MID-PACIFIC hours are booked by so many busy peo- in such vigorous health, this child born ple as a regular weekly engagement. only about two years ago. I think they Everything that promotes mutual ac- have been excellent doctors, and they quaintance and good feeling among the have certainly, with the help of all who people that border on the Pacific is have contributed to these weekly lunch- warmly to be appreciated ; and this Club eons, done a tremendous work in the which carries out that great object in direction in which we are all anxious to such a simple, friendly and informative help, and that is in the direction of fashion is entitled to every congratula- fostering the understanding, the good- tion on surviving the dangers of in- will, the friendship, and the working to- fancy, and arriving healthy and vigorous, gether of the countries bordering on the at its hundredth gathering. Pacific. On behalf of the Minister, and on my Prince Tokugawa : It is not in the own account, I beg to express the ut- capacity of the President of the House most pleasure and satisfaction at its of Peers, but in that of the Honorary success, and to wish it a long and happy President of the Pan-Pacific Club of history in the future. Tokyo, that I have the pleasure of ad- Ambassador Charles MacV eagh: dressing you. Whatever the capacity, think that many of my very good I certainly feel it a great honor and friends in Tokyo, both American and pleasure to be invited to say a few Japanese, have conceived an idea of me words on the present felicitous occasion which Anthony Trollope expressed in when we are gathered together to com- one of his novels when he wrote about memorate the hundredth weekly meeting the visit to England of the American of the Club. Senator. In that book he portrayed an This is indeed the most memorable oc- American politician who came to Eng- casion in the life of the Club since it land with an unquenchable desire to was brought into being by Mr. Alex- make speeches. The American Senator ander Hume Ford, the well known and in that book went so far when he found energetic Director of the Pan-Pacific himself a little hampered by lack of in- Union at Honolulu, in April. 1923. It vitations to speak, as to hire a hall at his is profoundly gratifying to all the mem- own expense and invited English people bers of the Club that the occasion is to come and hear him. But the fact graced by the presence of so many dis- is I am rather like the gentleman Everett tinguished representatives of the im- Hale told about, who was so greatly portant countries on the Pacific. besieged by invitations to speak that he I wish to congratulate the Club on its conceived the idea of decking the having reached the venerable age of the gardener in his dress clothes and send- hundredth weekly milestone of its ex- ing him forth to attend banquets in his istence. As most of you doubtless re- stead. He instructed him, when called member, the first luncheon of this insti- upon to speak, to say only "Ladies and tution took place on the 21st of April, Gentlemen—So much has been said, and 1923, presided over by Mr. Ford, when on the whole well said, that I will not there were present more than a hundred further occupy your time." This is the persons. The first four meetings were way I feel today but I could not refrain presided over by Mr. Ford, but the from coming here to testify to my ap- chair has since been taken with marked preciation of the great work which has distinction by our President, Viscount been done by your President, Viscount Inouye, his place being filled, whenever Inouye, and your Honorary President, he was unable to he present, by Mr. Prince Tokugawa, in keeping alive and Blake, Marquis Hachisuka or Mr. Sa- THE MID-PACIFIC 543 clatsuchi Uchida, all of whom discharged Tilley, who may always count upon the the duties of the honored post with much ready and hearty cooperation of the credit to themselves. And it may not be members of this Club in the furtherance improper for me to add here that more of the main object of his mission, name- recently during Viscount Inouye's some- ly, the promotion of friendship and good what protracted absence from Tokyo, the feelings between the great people he difficult task fell upon my unworthy represents and the people of this Empire.. shoulders. I regret very much that His Excellency I am pleased to be told that the mem- the French Ambassador has not re- bership of the Club has reached the turned to this country in time to be respectable figure of 438. I feel quite with us here today. certain that these weekly meetings bring There are two reasons why this Club us together in an atmosphere of increas- is so flourishing. One is that we are ing friendliness. In order to maintain fortunate in having such a good and and nurse cordial relations between the efficient President as Viscount Inouye, peoples living on the shores of the Pa- and for the other reason we have so cific Ocean, it is essential that we should many capable and hard-working directors understand each other's aims, aspirations to assist the President, especially my and ideals, for a proper understanding most esteemed friend, Mr. Yahachi of these things will necessarily create Kawai. mutual respect and confidence. Such an It is my earnest hope, indeed, it is my understanding will grow wider and confident expectation that in due course stronger each time gatherings like ours of time we will meet together to cele- are repeated. brate the two hundredth luncheon of this I am particularly pleased today to club. Let us also hope that similar clubs welcome His Excellency, the newly ar- will be started in all other great centers rived British Ambassador, Sir John of intelligence throughout the country,

Fuji Satt he sacred mountain of Japan. 544 THE MID-PACIFIC but more especially in Osaka, Kyoto, ciety Franco-Japanese and many others. Kobe, Nagoya and Nagasaki. Our Club is by no means competing with Viscount Inouye : On behalf of the these other societies, we want to co- Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo I want to operate with them. We meet here every extend my most grateful thanks to our Friday and it is our honest desire that honored guests who have favored us these international societies will utilize with their presence today. our Club. We are willing to turn over If I am not trespassing, Excellencies, any Friday meeting to any society who on your kindness, I want to ask that will conduct it, in any way they wish, you will be good enough to help us in presided over by their respective Presi- the future as you have today in pursu- ance of our work. I want to mention dents. that there are many international socie- I want to thank again most heartily, ties in this country—there are the British our guests who have honored us with Society, American-Japan Society, So- their presence today.

/span THE MID-PACIFIC 545

At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo Friday, March 5, 1926, Presiding Officer, Viscount T. Inouye. Speakers : Mr. Moshi Inagaki, Japanese Language Department, University of Mel- bourne ; Mr. E. D. Berton, a Director of the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo.

altaSitti'M • (iNitattKetlYeNt• • • at•

Chairman, Viscount Inouye: We are Japan, at their request, since the Club beginning today the second epoch of our was inaugurated. Pan-Pacific Club. We are having our It took the world many years to real- 101st meeting and I regret that the ize the great importance of the Pacific weather is so unfavorable and that our highway. As you know it is the one gathering is not larger. However, last great sea road over which both East week we had our 100th gathering and a and West must travel, the great connect- big attendance, so it is not surprising that ing link between East and West—the in- the reaction should take place today with dustry, commerce, politics of the world a comparatively small meeting resulting. are drifting toward the Pacific day by day and centering upon it. It is most We sincerely trust that this second important and imperative, therefore, that epoch of our Club will be as successful among the peoples of these nations whose as the first and that we will be able to lands touch the Pacific, that some means accomplish something substantial toward of a common understanding be sought realizing the aims of our Club. I am and found. sure the members will all work in sym- It is almost impossible for mankind to pathetic cooperation. shuffle out of class and racial hostilities I now have the pleasure of introduc- and antagonisms, but it is possible that ing Mr. Moshi Inagaki, who has spent an effort be made to seek a reason for the past 23 years in Australia and is now these differences, and a basis of com- a teacher of the Japanese language in mon understanding. the University of Melbourne. Mr. Ina- I am sure that you ladies and gentle- gaki is spending a short time in his men will agree with me that human homeland and we are fortunate enough nature is the same throughout the world, to have him speak to us today. though there are different methods of Mr. Inagaki: I am going to begin my expression and different customs and address with an apology, and I know that habits, but all the people have the same it is not good form, but nevertheless I ob j ect. know I am not a good speaker and I am There is the egoism that all nations afraid all my speech may not be quite hold, that is their superiority to all other clear to you. However, I will do my people. This may be good for the nation best and trust to your good nature for itself in that it keeps it awake but it is a the rest. great stumbling block to international It is with the deepest pleasure that I peace and understanding. have this opportunity of meeting you I have noticed myself how nations mis- here today, to add my little word of understand each other—a section of Aus- praise of this Pacific Union. I am tralia fears Japan and there is misunder- pleased to be able to tell you that I am standing between Japan and the United a member of the Melbourne branch of States because they do not know each the Union and have been representing other well enough. I have lived in Aus- 546 THE MID-PACIFIC

tralia over 20 years and I speak from the nations it will do a great deal to pro- experience when I say that Australians moting a peaceful understanding among are very warm hearted, not only towards races and individuals, both national and Japan but to all. individual. The world is recognizing that I have read many books by many the understanding for which this Club authors on the subject of our country and the Pan-Pacific Union stands is the and one that stands out in my memory only way to bring international peace, is a book called "Japan and her Colonies" and when this is attained we shall all be by Mr. P. Bigelow. In this book right friends forever. from the beginning he is very just and Lastly, there is one matter I wish to very kindhearted and he finds so much call to your attention before I take my to praise that he brought tears of grati- seat. The President of our Union, tude to my eyes. I often think "Here Sir Dr. Jas. Bird, and several members, is an American who thinks highly of us will be here about September or the and we are not entitled to such praise." beginning of October, and I hope you So I think most of our misunderstand- will invite him to your luncheons and I ings occur simply because we do not know they will experience the same know each other. peaceful feeling that I have. This is why I introduced our language From the Union at Melbourne I wish to Melbourne, so that they could under- to express their sincere desire for the stand a little of Japan and her people. I future success of the Pan-Pacific Club am sure the other gentlemen of my coun- of Tokyo. try will back me up when I say Japan is Viscount Inouye: While listening to not aggressive, they are rather an inward the eloquent address of Mr. Inagaki I people. They have advanced a great deal entirely agreed with him about the since 1868 when the country was opened nations bordering on the Pacific living due to the ladies and gentlemen of at peace with each other. America, but it could be more advanced. I cannot refrain from expresssing my Since my last visit even I noticed that opinion that since I have been connected the advancement is slow as compared with the Department of the Navy I sin- with the advancement of Western nations cerely think—Why should we spend such and I am always wondering why we do a tremendous amount of money for the not advance more to bring ourselves to Navy ? I know how the other countries the level of others. It is due, I am con- are spending huge sums. I do not know vinced, to the fact that we are naturally how it is for a rich country like the an inward people and not forward enough. United States, but for Japan, laboring The Japanese are not aggressive and I under such economic pressure, I myself know that the nations surrounding the think that we should be very much Pacific, China, Japan, Siam, Canada, relieved if we could spend such a tre- Australia, the Malay States, etc., etc., all mendous amount of money for social wel- the people of these countries wish to f are work rather than for instruments maintain peace and they will maintain of killing. peace. That is to say if we make up The nations bordering on the Pacific our minds to do it we will. should thoroughly understand each other Three weeks ago when I was invited and maintain an eternal peace. I agree here there was one great thing I par- entirely with the opinions of Mr. Ina- ticularly noticed, and that was the atmos- gaki. phere of peace which prevailed. I did Mr. E. D. Berton: Thank you very not know such a feeling could exist and much, Viscount Inouye, for what you I am sure if this feeling exists in all have just said. Mr. Inouye has referred to THE MID-PACIFIC 547 human nature. Human nature is humor- making speeches but they did not say ous in its lack of understanding, but I see anything about the speeches I made, so Mr. Inagaki is an optimist and I am I will talk about Pan-Pacific a little. always glad to meet an optimist because Pan-Pacific is a title which evokes en- he sees better things in the future. thusiastic support. That is why I have Despair never enters into the minds of tried to keep up my attendance record those willing to serve. Sometimes the at our weekly luncheons and believing, present looks dark but there is always as a plain business man, more in example sunshine afterwards. I am glad to hear than precept, I have enjoyed my com- from some one from a country as far radeship with you for some years, with- away as Australia that Mr. Inagaki sees out making speeches. I prefer to have an improvement coming. my friends regard them as remarks. Speaking about human nature, Prince When, however, our honorable and active Tokugawa was talking yesterday about secretary, Mr. Kawai, whom I regard as some of the words in common use in a very fine fellow and friend, requested Japan that have been borrowed from me to speak to you before my sailing other languages, giving the word chapeau for the U. S. A. what could I do but as an illustration. He told of a Japan- bow to the inevitable. ese gentlemen who went into a shop in In the course of our luncheons the Paris and said "Chapeau kudasai" and ambassador, the aviator, the clergyman, the salesman brought him a hat. The the doctor, heads of educational institu- Japanese said the French were wonderful tions or professors, the financier, the people because they understood Japanese lawyer, the philosopher, the poet, the so well. politician, the scientist and statesman Just here in the reading room of this have been so kind as to address us on hotel another incident happened. Two the science of their respective vocations. Swiss gentlemen were talking in their It, therefore, seemed the only subject left own language and a tourist from one of for me to present was some phases on the visiting ships was trying to write a the "Science of Business" and with your letter. The conversation between the permission I shall do so. One of the Swiss gentlemen became animated and biggest things in the world is business. finally the tourist called out, "Say, you All the callings previously ref erred to, fellows, how do you expect me to write including the artist, the dentist, the mer- a letter when you are jabbering away in chant, the miner, and the workman, are Japanese ?" Human nature is very all, more or less, dependent upon the funny, isn't it ? Human nature comes results of personal business efficiency and into one country and starts to talk and effort for the best performance and ac- because the other fellow doesn't under- complishment of their duties and obliga- stand his language he thinks he is all tions. wrong. Education alone, or mental capacity Bliddha said "To know is to under- will not adequately provide the necessi- stand, to understand is to be friends, to ties of life, unless there is possessed love one you must love millions." How some practical business ability ; reasons true. for this assertion will occur to every But I am off the trail. To come back intelligent individual. directly to what I was going to say I The interchange of business is essential think the attendance today is meager for to the protection and prosperity of the the reason that the newspapers, with all individual, the state and the nation—no due respect to the newspaper men pres- matter where we may be. ent, have been saying that I have been The requisites of business success are 548 THE MID-PACIFIC not a new discovery. They are simple is simply philanthropic after office hours. and generally known and understood, but Included in the rules for guidance are they are not always totally acknowledged, many things which should go without adopted or applied by the business man. saying, but with your permission I will In fact some of them are ignored, if present, in alphabetical order, rules which not defied, by many on the supposition have been helpful in my work. that temporary advantage or gain, with- A—Ambition N—Neatness out regard to permanent results, is a B—Balance 0—Optimism justification, and therefore, they need to C—Confidence P—Prudence be recalled and emphasized. D—Discernment Q—Qualification Science itself is simple, for it is but E—Enthusiasm R—Resourcefulness accumulated and accepted knowledge, F—Forethought S—Sincerity systematized and formulated with ref er- G—Geniality T—Tenacity ence to fundamental truths or the opera- H—Honesty U—Understanding tion of general laws. I—Initiative V—Versatility In the science of business, obviously J—Judgment W—Wholesomeness we should carefully consider how best to K—Knowledge X—Xpression fulfil our obligations to others, as well L—Loyalty Y—Youthfulness as to ourselves, determine in what way M—Memory Z—Zeal our business or profession can be popu- Acknowledgment and practice of the larized, make ourselves agreeable and principles of the Golden Rule forms approachable to those with whom we service ties that make business rise. come into business contact. It is hoped that those who listen will Science never conflicts with honesty agree, after thoughtful consideration, and truth. If honesty and truth are in that the adoption of the rules suggested, discord with a suppressed scientific prin- practically applied in business of every ciple, then the latter must give way, for kind, will pay, not only in adding to it is not science at all. one's comfort and happiness, but also in The assertion has been made that we pecuniary results as well, and so will need business men in politics. The busi- Peace thereby reign supreme on the ness statesman can serve his generation shores of the countries bordering on the better by being statesmanlike in business Pacific Ocean ; if some should disagree than by turning amateur politician. The they possibly will find that they are not business man who is statesmanlike dur- in accord with the opinions of a large ing office hours can render a greater majority of experienced and successful public service than the business man who business men.

A torii, the emblem of Shinto ism, the national faith of Japan. THE MID-PACIFIC 549

iviimuriun,xiurpuimiTmmurio-ipur r, r F .1 , The Most 1;' •- Famous. Walk 1 :• in the World • • ,, (From The Southland Daily Times)

• • • • !aunt • •kninucincunii' :7

From the head of Lake Te Anau in New Zealand one may start out upon what has been rightly described as "the finest walk in the world"—a journey through a fairyland of flower-spangled forest, by rushing mountain torrents, immense precipices, peaceful lakes, and always in the presence of mighty ranges whose snow-capped summits are wreathed in mist and cloud. By this track the traveller finally reaches Milford Sound, a region of sub- lime grandeur, where the scenery ap- pears to reach a climax unattained in T. E. Donne, the father of the most fa- any other part of New Zealand, or even mous walk in the world. in the world. A stupendous array of noble peaks rises sheer from the great point being reached by the steamer at depths of the gleaming fiord, waterfalls midday. Disembarking here the visitor of dizzy height and great beauty foam now enjoys a fresh experience in a most and leap from shelf and crag, and the delightful walk of half a mile, through whole immense landscape lies clothed glorious bush scenery, to the Glade in primeval forest that gives way only House, a hostelry maintained by the before the icy grip of the snow-line Government Tourist Department, where thousands of feet above sea-level. every comfort awaits the traveler. At the north end the lake branches off The next stage in the journey takes suddenly into the Clinton and \Vorsley one from the Glade House to the Arms, two great clefts in the mountain Pompolona Huts, a distance of ten masses, hanging with riotous growth of miles. The track follows the Clinton primeval foliage, the lower slopes well- Canon, a mighty rift in the heart of the nigh impassable, and the gaunt up- mountains from a quarter to half a mile thrusting peaks above of a nature to in width and f ourteen miles long. This test the fiber of the staunchest moun- rift or canon presents a succession of taineer. views which eclipse the world-famed The track to Milford Sound runs up scenery of the valley of the Yosemite in the Clinton Valley, the wharf at this the Sierras of California. Imagine 550 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PAC] FIC 551

perpendicular cliffs of from 3,000 to pices and snow-capped peaks tinged with 4,000 feet high sloping back steeply to the last glow of the declining sun. snow-clad mountains of between 6,000 On the third day a start is made for and 7,000 feet, the whole valley filled Mackinnon Pass, at the head of the with a wonderful evergreen forest, rich valley. A couple of miles along the in a countless variety of ferns, and track one comes upon a beautiful little spangled with a myriad blossoms, rang- mountain lake set in a frame of sunlit ing from the brilliant scarlet of the rata foliage. This peaceful sheet of water to the dainty wax-like cups of the lace- is called Lake Mintaro, and provides a bark and the snow-white flowers of the striking contrast to the wild and rugged bush clematis ! By ridge and shoulder grandeur of its immediate surroundings. this wonderful forest climbs upward From this point a glimpse is obtained until its progress is finally stayed by the of Mount Balloon, one of the most cold forbidding walls of the glacier- striking and remarkable of many out- worn rock down which the melting standing peaks, the full majesty of snows of the summits pour in a thou- which becomes more apparent as the sand cascades. summit of the pass is reached. Gradu- Following the river the track winds ally the ranges close in upon the great its leisurely way through leafy aisles canon, which narrows down to a few spangled with brilliant spots of sun- hundred yards in width, and at last the light. The music of the river is sof- track commences to climb steeply in zig- tened by the voices of countless smaller zag fashion up towards the pass itself, streams which everywhere intersect the some 3,500 feet above. Though steep, forest glades, relieving the darker the track is well graded and has a firm shadows with gleams of rippling silver. surface, making the task of climbing one that may be confidently undertaken The bird-life of this region forms a by persons of widely different ages. fascinating feature in itself. The wood- Presently the character of the forest, pigeon may be seen quietly feeding on which has hitherto spread its all-pervad- the luscious berries of the forest trees, ing mantle over the path we have been quite oblivious to the presence of man- following, changes to a more stunted kind, while from far and near resound growth which, struggling gamely against the sweet bell-like notes of the tui, or the elements, at last relinquishes its grip the harsh, grating cry of the kakka or of the mighty slopes, leaving them to brown parrot. Of perhaps greater in- the winds and snows of winter. terest to the visitor is the knowledge that Here a new beauty breaks upon the these woods are the haunt of the mys- vision in a wonderful nature garden of terious flightless birds of New Zealand, alpine flowers. Dainty little violets, and at night-time may be heard the forget-me-nots with petals stained with weird cry of the kiwi and the kakapo, the peerless blue of mountain-skies, or the long-drawn and mournful call of mountain lilies in wonderful clusters, the weka. and acres of the large mountain daisies Travelling by these delightful forest (celmisia) lend a fresh charm to the ways the Pompolona Huts are reached surroundings. about 5 p. m. The situation of this Pressing on through fresh wonders resting-place is on a rocky shelf above the summit of the famous Mackinnon the brawling waters of the Clinton Pass is at last reached, affording a River, which leaps and tumbles over panorama of breathless beauty and in- its rock-strewn bed. Up the valley is a terest. Nowhere in the world can be most impressive view of mighty preci- found anything to quite equal this ex- 552 THE MID-PACIFIC

On the path or trail from Lake Te Anau to Milford Sound, the most famouss walk in the world. traordinary vista of Alpine scenery. The At the northern end of the saddle pass is about a mile long and only a stands Castle Mount, a great pillar of few yards wide, and from it stretches polished granite reaching up to some away on either hand range on range of 4,000 feet into the sky, while on the left snowclad mountains gleaming and may be seen the mighty glacier on glistening in the clear air. Snowfields Mount Hart that gives birth to the stoop down to crystal glaciers, which in famous Sutherland Falls. turn dissolve in a million waterfalls and The little glacier-fel mountain-tarn, torrents leaping into the great shadowy Lake Quill, forms a sort of reservoir to gorges below, the noise of their passing the great falls, and this gem of the swallowed in the reverberating thunder ranges may be seen from the top of of constant falling avalanches. It is a Mount Hart, which is climbable in spite vision of a new world in the making. of its forbidding-looking aspect. Now an uninterrupted view of the The Arthur Valley, at the head of famous Mount Balloon is obtained for which lies the camping-ground for the the first time. There it stands, a huge night is dominated by its own particular mass of forbidding-looking granite faced mountain guardian, Mount Elliott, the on all sides with well-nigh vertical faces whole of whose vast uplands form the apparently devoid of all vestige of suc- Jervois Glacier. To the left is another cessful foothold. So far no human foot guardian of the valley, Mount Pillans, has ever been placed upon its mighty a perfect cone set amid the rich green summit, which appears too inhospitable of dense forests. Right in the pass itself even for a protecting mantle of snow to stands a massive cairn erected to the find secure lodgment. memory of the intrepid explorer, THE MID-PACIFIC 553

The aucicnt moo or giant bird of .Vea, Zealand. restored for the orcaslon. It is probable that ibis bird during the life of man in Acmes Zealand. 554 THE MID-PACIFIC

Quintin Mackinnon, whose name the the famous Falls, which appear to leap pass bears. from the sky into a hidden chasm The journey down into the Arthur where plunges the furious torrent of Valley involves a fairly rapid descent Roaring Creek. Gazing up at this pul- of over 2,000 feet, winding downward sating ribbon of water it is hard to be- from the snowfields through the rich lieve that in three great leaps it de- flower-spread slopes, across the side of scends from a height of close upon Mount Balloon, among rugged boulders, 2,000 feet. With the sunlight playing and so on to the confines of the forest on its rising mists the Falls present a once more, where the grateful cool green most glorious sight. Wonderful colours of the overarching foliage shuts in the grow and fade above the wild turmoil traveller in a fresh world of beauty. of broken waters at its feet, culminating At last the bush-track ends in a little in a perfect rainbow overarching all. clearing at the fork of three valleys, Roaring Creek debouches into a valley where the Quintin Huts are situated. between Mount Daniels and Mount Here all packs may be left while a Hart, and becomes the head-waters of short trip is made to view the highest the Arthur River, flowing out to the falls in the world, the famous Suther- wild confines of the west coast. land Falls. The dawning of the fourth day opens The mile and a quarter track from up the last section of the journey to the huts to the Falls affords another Milford Sound, thirteen miles down the enchanting glimpse of glorious forest. valley of the Arthur River through Giant rata-trees with gnarled and twisted further wonderful forests flanked by trunks hanging with thick beards of impressive walls and peaks. Hidden moss and ferns, symmetrical beeches away in the forest lies one of the most rising in columnar form to mingle their beautiful of the many alpine lakes met branches overhead, induce a semi-twi- with on the trip. This is Lake Ada, a light in the deeper glades and form an sheet of gleaming transparency reflect- eerie goblin forest. ing in its mirrored depths every detail Emerging from the hushed shadows of the surrounding scenery. The height of these clustering glades, one rounds a of the Sutherland Falls is 1904 feet. corner and steps into a new world The roar of the falling waters can be dominated by the rush and thunder of heard for miles. THE MID-PACIFIC 555

Children of Japanese Buddhists in Honolulu. They are Americans, but believe in Buddha, as is their right.

1K The Strategy of Raw Materials in

the Far East PART II By DR. WARREN DU PRE SMITH g • — ''''—Inanaucaticurcantinuni r•A vw • We want now to attemptpt to sketch by the coalescing of these. regional a plan by which we may be led out leagues, we may hope in time to get a of the political, commercial,m and social great super-league of all nations. There morass of the present time in our inter- is in existence in the Pacific today, national relarelations, and par ticularly with hatched from the brain of a modest a view to a solution of Pacific prob- journalist in the City of Honolulu— lems. Much has been said of late about Alexander Hume Ford—an unofficial the League of Nations. Granted that Pan-Pacific Union which is holding a the League of Nationss may some day series of conferences, the first being the work oout, it see ms to us that smaller Pan-Pacific Scientific Congress in regional leagues with a membership August, 1920, and the last one, the Pan- consisting of groups of peoples bound Pacific Food Congress recently held in together would be much mmor e effective the same city. A second Scientific Con-

than political super-states. Gradually, gres' s was held in Australia in the sum- 556 THE MID-PACIFIC

he t f o ts is l o t THE MID-PACIFIC 557

mer of 1923. It is the purpose and the ital and some technical skill and all the hope of this man and the men who sym- labor. In this mutual helpfulness there pathize with him—particularly of the will be little chance for the old hatreds various delegates to these Congresses— which inevitably grew out of the old that out of these get-together meetings policy of exploitation, and this word, of men of various statures and color now shorn of its dignity, will be re- and racial background, will come a stored in meaning where it will read finer understanding of our relations to development instead of despoliation. one another ; that out of this will grow If we prefer the course taken by a sort of international cooperation in "Congressional Opportunism," to bor- business, to say nothing of the arts and row an expression from "The Portland sciences, that will make it forever im- Oregonian," to that dictated by a scien- possible to have wars in this region. tific study of the situation, we may in- Three types of men, the most construc- deed be faced with "grave conse- tive in the world today, are cooperating quences." We do not for a moment in these Congresses—scientists, engin- wish to intimate that we haven't a eers, and business men. To such men right to pass any laws we see fit to must the future running of the world be protect ourselves in our domestic affairs. turned over. There must be an end of The question we wish to ask here is : have guessing at these things. One of the we taken the best course in reaching our most important recommendations made objective ? We would like to suggest to by the first Pan-Pacific Scientific Con- our readers that the Orientals have a gress was that some sort of interna- philosophy which they have always tional scheme for the allocation of found very effective. In Japan it has mineral supplies should be worked out. the same name as their particular kind This was first broached in America, I of wrestling, namely, /jujitsu, and the believe, by Professor C. K. Leith, of whole principle of jiu-jitsu is to make a the University of Wisconsin, and mem- powerful adversary contribute to his ber of the Allies War Trade Board. own downfall through his own over- This would enable nations not possess- powering strength. Do not mistake ing adequate supplies of certain needed this. We are not saying that Japan materials, to get these without having even wants to conquer us, or that, if to pay too much or without having to she wanted to, she could. We are say- fight for them. This great scheme of ing that we must not underestimate the international cooperation now being yielding attitude of the peoples in that worked out in the Pacific, points a way part of the world and take it for weak- out. Instead of the old method of ob- ness. At the same time, we must not taining concessions by means of threats, overestimate our own strength. bribes and subterfuges and then exploit- "Though the physical energies and ing these at the expense of the natives, the intellectual resources of the Occi- an entirely new policy based on more dental exceed those of the Oriental, just relationships will have to be they can be maintained only at an ex- adopted. On a basis of a "50-50" co- pense totally incommensurate with the operation and no other will the western racial advantage. For the Oriental has peoples be welcomed in the Orient. In proved his ability to study and to this new scheme the western peoples master the results of our science upon a will furnish some or all the capital, diet of rice, and on as simple a diet can technical skill and machinery, while the learn to manufacture and utilize our Oriental nations will furnish the raw most complicated inventions. But the materials (minerals chiefly), some cap- Occidental cannot even live except at a 558 THE MID-PACIFIC cost sufficient for the maintenance of far beneath the surface, so the disturb- twenty Oriental lives. In our very ance in the relationship between the superiority lies the secret of our fatal United States and Japan is but super- weakness. Our physical machinery re- ficial, and is sure to give way to har- quires a fuel too costly to pay for the mony and concord if the peoples on running of it in a perfectly conceivable both sides will only strive to measure future period of race-competition and up to the responsibility placed by divine pressure of population." power upon the shoulders of mankind. This statement was made years ago "The third message, then, by Lafcadio Hearn, an American who which I am asked to deliver to you is, knew the people of the Far East as no that the followers of Saint Nichiren one else. humbly ask you and your fellow citi- Recently a most remarkable letter was zens to join them in a common prayer, presented to President Coolidge by the invoking love, tolerance and justice— head of a great sect of Buddhists in you in the words of Christ, and we in Japan, the followers of the Japanese the language of Nichiren. Saint Nichiren. This is an appeal or "When statesmanship is animated prayer of Buddhism to Christianity, and with the sense of moral obligation to it comes right after two great blows Divine precepts, when diplomacy is tem- received by the Japanese. It follows pered with charity, when politics is not very closely upon the great earthquake entirely subservient to expediency, we which razed the cities of Tokyo and need entertain no apprehension as to the Yokohama, and upon the passage of future of the friendly relations of our the exclusion law by our Congress. The two nations. The future peace of the first part of the letter expresses the world largely depends upon the peace of great gratitude of the Japanese people the Pacific. It is Divine Will that the and particularly of the Buddhists for believers in the doctrine of love on our unparalleled charity in their time both sides of the Pacific should leave of trouble ; and secondly, it expresses nothing undone in the interest of that the hope that the Christian people of peace which can be established upon the United States will not forget the love and righteousness." teachings of their great Master. These With this the writer leaves the prob- are some of the quotations from this lem to you. The stage is set. There is wonderful prayer of Buddhism to a rising tide of color. Some have Christianity : called this color yellow. Rather would "The teaching of love is the teach- the writer say that there is a rising ing of hope. The followers of Nichi- tide in the Pacific, sweeping resistlessly ren never despair. The temporary onward, which can be either a rising lapse of friendship between our two tide of hate or a rising tide of friend- countries means little to them. Even ship and it rests largely with us to say as an agitated sea is supremely calm which it shall be. THE MID-PACIFIC 559

• IIIKIIIPMMI,I• • The Dutch in the Philippines

By PERCY A. HILL of the Inter-Ocean Staff • stroying and capturing supply ships sent to the Islands, etc., and of the "glorious victory" attained by the supplication of Santa Lucia, etc. Dr. Antonia de The trend of modern thought as re- Morga, who from circumstances was gards history, is that much of it should placed in command of the Spanish fleet, be re-written, as far too many countries was a Judge, and it is from his work keep on teaching the younger genera- "Sucesos en Filippinas" written in 1609 tions myths that should be deleted from in Mexico that we draw this history. histories altogether ; furthermore, the Summed up it states as follows : Van point of view as regards history is in Noort sighted the Philippines Oct. 14th., far too many cases tinged with the 1600, but the Manila government was foibles of ancient writers and handed made aware of his arrival on account down as gospel to our present readers. of the capture of an Englishman named Philippine histories are naturally based Callender, while Van Noort's ships were on the old archives left by the ecclesi- watering at Capul Is. The "Maurice" astic-politico regime that ruled the is- was commanded by Van Noort and the lands for nearly four centuries, and "Concordia," a small ship, by Lambert literally transcribed contain many amus- Vliesman, with a total complement of ing and startling conclusions. The space 140 men and 34 guns (Dr. Morga's given to the attempts of the Dutch to history). About the end of October "conquer" the Philippines could be very the Cavite fort was reinforced by 150 well abridged to the following, in the arquebusiers and musketeers, and two first place for the natural hate and galleons and as many galleys, with 500 animosity of the Spaniards in the wars men had been hastily fitted out to meet resulting in the birth of the Dutch Re- the enemy. This Spanish squadron of public. It seems strange that the an- four ships left Cavite Dec. 12th, sight- tipathy of the Castilian and the Moor ing the Dutch ships at anchor near was transferred from European fields to Mariveles. A boatload of sailors left Mindanao, and that the Dutch and Span- the "Maurice" to reinforce the "Con- iards should likewise change their field cordia," the Spanish ships were greeted of endeavour from the banks of the with a broadside, it being imposible for Maas to the Far East, and in both cases them to reply as they were tacking, and the struggle was more sanguine and the ports remained closed*. The Spanish lasting owing to religious feeling. flagship grappled the "Maurice" and a Philippine history states that Admiral boarding party headed by thirty mus- Van Noort menaced the Islands with keteers drove the Dutch back amidships two ships in 1600, that he did not at- and forward, the rigging of the main tack Manila, but was content with de- and mizzen masts were riddled and de- 560 THE MID-PACIFIC

This is a scene in the old, old d ys .• the Phippines. Such pictures are now suppressed, as the headhunters of the mountain districts no longer exist, and the Filipinos are preparing themselves for absolute self-government. THE MID -PACIFIC 561

stroyed, and the orange, white and blue by the Spaniards in view of the fact that banner of the States General was cap- they did not recognize the independence tured by the Spanish, who having no of Holland until 1609, and this sentence naval officer, was commanded by Doctor was carried out as against "pirates and Morga. rebels." "Te Deums were sung for the In the meantime the "Concordia" put glorious victory won over the heretic to sea followed by the second galleon by the divine aid of Santa Lucia." Such under Juan de Alcega, who thinking the was the first episode in the "Wars with battle won, sailed after and captured the the Dutch in the Philippines." Concordia with its crew of "thirteen The following is taken from the ac- men and six boys," all who were left count of Admiral Oliver Van Noort. after the unequal engagement. As soon His ships were fitted out by the mer- as Van Noort saw this, he rallied his men chants of the Low Countries, notably and furiously drove the Spaniards back Peter van Beveren, Hugo Gerritz, John to their flagship, which was in a sinking Hoekbaker and others and consisted of condition owing to the heavy broad sides two larger ships the "Maurice" and received. As soon as the ships separ- "Henry Frederic" and the yachts "Con- ated, the Spanish flagship sunk, the cord" and "Hope" and sailed from greater part of the crew being drowned. Amsterdam Sept. 13th, 1598, with let- Dr. Morga, who (an eye witness says) ters patent. An English pilot named directed the fight from behind some mat- Mellish was picked up at Plymouth, who tresses, escaped on one of the identical was afterwards made captain in place of mattresses and with a few survivors James Claaf z, marooned for misconduct finally landed on the Fortune Island af- in the straits of Magellan. The whole ter being in the water over four hours, force was only 147 persons, which was and by means of some small boats found further reduced by the loss of the there, made the mainland near Nasugbu. "Henry Frederic" and the "Hope" off The Concordia was taken to Cavite the South American coast. They made with its twenty one survivors, but Van the trans-Pacific traverse losing more Noort extinguished the fire which had men from scurvy, that dread scourge of broken out on his ship, and passing the the early navigators and appeared with other galleon and galleys, set sail south their storm tossed ships off Manila Bay by the way of Borneo, and the Cape of Nov. 6th, 1599. Van Noort's descrip- Good Hope, finally arriving at Rotter- tion of what followed is taken from his dam Aug. 26th, 1601, being the first narrative of the voyage. Dutch circumnavigator of the globe. The "Nov. 7th, 1599, they took a junk of Spanish loss was computed by them as China laden with provisions for Manila, being over 100 Spaniards and 150 na- the master of which informed them that tives either by death or drowning. there lay in Manila two great ships that Unfortunately the crew of the "Con- came every year from New Spain (Mex- cordia" were by the orders of Governor ico) and a Dutch ship that was bought Fransisco Tello garrotted or strangled in Malacca ; Nov. 15th, 1599, took barks on the ramparts of the Cavite Fort. The laden with hogs and hens, which were Friars claim the Dutch recanted in favor the Spanish tribute, but became meat of the Catholic religion, which did not for the Dutch as it happened who sent save them from death. An Englishman, them some bolts of linen in exchange. who steadily refused to recant his re- They cruised off the island of Loubou ligion "was first hung, and then the (Lubang) until Dec. 1st awaiting the body thrown into the sea." Japan ships, taking one of them which This summary vengeance was taken had been 25 days on the voyage. The 562 THE MID-PACIFIC

Japanese aboard her were all bald except ships in 1609, and having unsuccessfully one tuft of hair left behind. Dec. 19th, attacked Iloilo held his position as a 1599. Took two barks laden with aqua- blockader for over five months. The vitae and coco-wine, the other with hens Spanish Governor was furious and fitted and rice. out five ships during this time to drive "Dec. 14th, met with two Spanish off the audacious intruder. The churches ships returning to Manila, upon which melted down their bells to cast cannon, meeting a lively engagement took place. and the iron grills and railings to make The Dutch being overpowered by multi- cannon-balls. Governor De Silva sallied tudes were reduced to very bad circum- out with six ships on Apr. 25, 1610, stances, their Admiral (Flagship) being and furiously attacked the Dutch boarded once by the Spaniards and al- Squadron. (It should be noted that the most in their possession. She was at Spaniard's dates were ahead one year, the point of yielding herself to the which discrepancy in time was not recti- Spanish Admiral (Dr. Morga) who had fied until some years later, to conform to pressed them hard all day, when Van European standards). Noort threatened to blow up the ship The Spanish historians state that Ad- if they did not beat off the Spaniards miral Wittert lost his head by a cannon- and fight at a better rate. The Dutch, ball early in the engagement, throwing at this hurried on by rage, fear, and the enemy into confusion, but an ex- despair of preserving themselves any tract from an old Dutch history printed other way, fought to such good purpose in Rotterdam in 1725 states in connec- that in a little time they had cleared tion with his death, "On June 10th, 1609, their ship of enemy, boarded the Span- the admiral (Wittert) while having ish galleon and at last sunk her. This ac- some junks unloaded near Manila, was tion cost them no more than five killed surprised by a Spanish squadron of 12 and twenty-six endangered by wounds, vessels, four of which attacked the the whole company now left being but Dutch flagship "Amsterdam," the ad- thirty-five, but of the Spaniards several miral being killed in the action and the hundreds perished, partly in the fight, ship taken to Manila with 51 dead in- partly by drowning, and knocked on the cluding him. The "Falcon" was cap- head after the fight was over. The tured with 34 dead, the "Eagle" and greatest loss the Dutch had was the "Pavon" blown up by the Dutch and pinnace which encountered the Spanish only the "Delft" escaping. Vice-Admiral (Ship) and was taken by This was known as the battle of her, which was not strange, considering Mariveles, over 200 prisoners were taken she had but 25 men to fight against the besides the captured merchandise. How- 500 Spaniards and natives (Indians)." ever the friars were said to have con- Summing up these two accounts we verted them, and they did not receive find that the Dutch were more in need the summary fate meted out to Van of supplies and water, than desire to Noort's men ten years previously. conquer the Philippines, nor was it the The next attack on Spanish interests "glorious victory" as depicted by the took place seven years later under Ad- doughty doctor Morga, who swam miral George van Speilbergen. The ashore on his mattress after losing his narrative of Speilbergen says the fleet flagship, admitting the loss of 250 men, sailed from Holland Aug. 8th, 1614, and as the entire Dutch force could not have was composed of six ships, the "Great mustered over 90 in all. Sun," "Full Moon," "Huntsman" and The Dutch Admiral Francis Wittert "Seamew" of Amsterdam, the "Aeolus" appeared off Manila Bay with four small of Zealand and the "Morning Star" of THE MID-PACIFIC 563

The native nipa palm house of the Filipino in the country districts.

Rotterdam. This fleet attacked and de- them. March 11th, almost lost in the stroyed a much superior force of eight small islands, but the Spanish pilot got galleons off the coast of Peru under Ad- them out safely. March 14th, Rode at miral Mendoza after a fiercely contested anchor before Panay, by reason of action on July 17th, 1615, and sighted shoals. March 18th, Made Mindanaw. Samar Feb. 9th, 1616. According to March 20th, Left Cayo de Cadera (La Speilbergen's narrative he did not figure Caldera) the watering place of the on any engagement in the Philippines, Spanish near Samboanga, for the Mol- and Spanish historians must have gotten luccas." their data mixed up, as the fleet that Speilbergen arrived at Ternate and fought the battle of Playa Honda must changed into another ship as commander have been the one under Admiral John of the operations near the Moluccas, Dirickson Lam which cruised off Manila which may have been the reason the during 1616-1617, as Speilbergen's Spaniards were not aware that he did reference to the Philippines is as follows : not still command the "Sun of Holland" "The 28th of February, 1616, they flagship. anchored before the island of Mirabelles Phillippine histories state that he ap- (Corregidor) behind which the city of peared with a fleet of six ships meet- Manila lies. March 15th, they took ing Don Juan Ronquillo with seven several barks that were sent to gather galleons and two galleys at Playa Honda the Spanish tribute for Manila from ad- off the Zambales Coast, a few miles joining provinces. Received intelligence north from Manila Bay. The naval of 12 ships and 4 galleys en route to battle began by a general cannonade on drive the Dutch from the Molluccas, Friday, Apr. 13th (Spanish date) and manned by 2000 Spaniards under De continued throughout the day, the fleet.; Silva. Upon this news they discharged being unable to maneuver on account their prisoners and resolved to go after of lack of wind. The f ollowi._g day 564 THE MID-PACIFIC they came to close quarters, the Span- It should be noted that all these en- iards boarding the Dutch ships and a gagements took place in the vicinity of fierce hand to hand combat followed in Manila Bay, the home base of the which three Dutch ships were destroyed, Spanish in the Philippines, while nearly the "Sun of Holland" by fire, and the all the Dutch ships came from Holland, remaining three escaped. The "Sun" either by the Straits of Magellan or the had just before the battle intercepted a Cape, and as a consequence must have vessel from China laden with provisions for Manila of rice, sugar, hogs, and been under-manned and storm tossed "12,000 capons." and in poor condition for fighting so Ronquillo returned from Playa Honda far from the mother country, as their to Manila, but Captain Vega in the settlements in Jacatra and Bantam, were galleon "San Marco" sailed for the but a toe-hold until much later in the Ilocano coast, and ran into two Dutch century. ships cruising there after the fight. He The only time the Dutch bid for a defeated one, and the other coming up, settlement, or base to annoy the Spanish this valiant officer ran the "San Marcos" was nearly thirty years later, when ashore and set fire to it. The opponents their East Indian conquests had become were so close during this engagement more consolidated and this was in the that a Dutch sailor who spoke Spanish nature of a reprisal for the continual called out to De Vega, "Vile traitor, bickering and fighting, the three cor- would it not be more creditable to lose nered fight of the Spanish, Dutch and your ship in battle than destroy it with Portuguese for the Moluccas or Spice such cowardice." Vega returned to Islands, then believed to be the richest Manila but was not punished as he had islands in the world. It is a curious influential relatives there. This is the fact that these islands so opulent and Spanish version of the battle of Playa desired three centuries ago, should in Honda, and in all liklihood Speilbergen our day, have sunk to a low insignifi- took no part, but his ships may have cance, due to adverse climatic condi- been under the command of Admiral tions, loss of population, and incidentally John Dirickson Lam of Hoorn, who loss of the spice industry, forming one cruised in the vicinity of Manila about of the least important of the Dutch pos- that time. sessions in the Indies today.

THE MID-PACIFIC 565

The Genesis of the Pan-Pacific Union

Being some reminiscences of Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific Union

(Tenth Installment)

Frank W. Damon.

The years 1912 and 1913 formed an local organization interested in the wel- active period in the life of the Pan- fare of Hawaii, it became a really inter- Pacific movement. The Hands-Around- national organization interested in the the-Pacific Club in London was organ- affairs of the Pacific. ized with Sir George Reid as President, Even back in 1912, the Pan-Pacific the Hands-Around-the-Pacific Club in workers were beginning to realize that Sydney merged into the Millions Club, other than the Anglo-Saxon and his tak- now probably the largest club in the ing ways, the great big problem of the Australian metropolis, and in 1913 I be- Pacific and of the whole world was, is, gan my voyage around the world and and ever will be the food supply for around the Pacific, organizing Pan- humans. Pacific Clubs and meeting the leading In a small way local Pan-Pacific Food men of the world interested in bringing Conservation Conferences were worked about better understanding among the out. I recall at one of our meetings races. with the producers and consumers that The Public Service Association was we discovered that world food problems beginning to lose its identity and finally were fundamentally similar to our local became a committee of the Honolulu problems. For instance, take the follow- Pan-Pacific Club. From being a purely ing paragraphs from a Pan-Pacific Food 566 THE MID-PACIFIC

\\\ THE MID -PACIFIC 567

Conservation meeting held in Honolulu however, that much would be accom- in January, 1912: plished in behalf of the small growers "At the Pan-Pacific luncheon meeting, throughout the Islands. He stated that the reasons for the high cost of living at present he could sell all of the prod- in Honolulu were discussed, and the uce consigned to him and that the blame placed on the middleman. trouble was to get the stuff planted. At "In informal conversation that went present, he added, the prices are not as round the table during the luncheon, much as the producer should get. Some J. P. Cooke suggested that a bounty on instances were related of the working the mongoose might, be of aid to the of the trust in Hawaii. Mr. Ehrhorn small farmer. L. A. Thurston countered stated that Robert Hind of Puuwawa with the remark that it would at least had 3,000 turkeys to sell last year and put a lot of money into circulation even offered them at a lower rate than they if it did break the territorial treasury. could be bought for on the Coast, yet In a more formal address after the lunch- the home grown turkeys were refused eon was over Mr. Thurston seemed in- and the Coast turkeys bought at a clined to lay the blame for some of the higher price. high prices the Honolulu housewife finds "Then Professor Gilmore of the Col- herself facing on the shoulders of the lege of Hawaii told of the market sys- middleman. tem in Manila during his residence there. "In this connection the speaker illus- The Government provided small markets trated his meaning by citing the case of all over the city to which the small the Hilo raspberries, which were given producers could drive their wagonloads free transportation to Honolulu and sold of produce. If one market was depleted, by the market company on a 35 per cent fresh supplies were rushed from other basis, but in spite of that failed to pay markets in different parts of the city profit enough to pay for the boxes. that were overstocked. Another illustration he gave was the "It was suggested that Aala Park, papaya. This fruit he said at first cost the old Armory, and the old fish market the Chinese three cents each, later they could be used for the purpose of the dropped this price to two cents and then `Small Farmer' markets in Honolulu one. Finally the price dropped to five and that there be two markets days a cents a dozen for the fruit, but it did week when the consumer and the pro- not drop for the consumers who con- ducer could deal with each other. Mr. tinued to pay ten and fifteen cents each Ehrhorn was certain however that it for their breakfast fruit. would be very hard to contend with the "The alligator pear was another illus- Chinese vegetable vendor who goes with tration, he added. When export of that his load from door to door. Mr. Hig- fruit to the mainland was put under the gins of the Government Experimental ban everyone thought that they would Station gave as an instance that one be cheap here. Instead they rot on the Chinaman controls the entire grape har- ground of the producer, but cost the vest of Honolulu and supplies all of the consumer just as much as ever, and fruit stands. even more. "Nearly every one present took part "It was suggested that something in the discussion and it was decided that might be done to bring the middleman each of those present should prepare a to reason. Market Commissioner Ster- paper on the points brought up which rett expressed little hope that the public mostly interested him and at an early would consent to much interference with date the committee would meet again at the middleman. Mr. Sterrett believed, lunch and pursue the matter further until 568 THE MID-PACIFIC

sufficient information was at hand to dinner gatherings sometimes attended warrant practical steps being taken to by more than a thousand. Mr. Frank encourage the small farmers to plant Damon was the moving spirit in this market produce. first Pan-Pacific banquet, although then "Governor Frear told an interesting on the verge of nervous prostration from story of how one of his friends had which he never recovered. A missionary depleted the rat supply of his district in China and the brother of the leading and suggested that it be tried on the banker in Honolulu, Sam Damon, Frank mongoose. The plan of a ten cent made his life work in Honolulu the bounty having proved a failure, the building up of Mills School and the crea- Governor's friend got ten rats and dyed tion of the Mid-Pacific Institute, a great them blue, offering a reward of five institution in Manoa Valley where hun- dollars for each one of the dyed animals dreds of Orientals of both sexes re- captured and delivered to him. The re- ceive Christian education. Frank Damon sult was that every small boy and many was a friend of Sun Yat Sen's, and men turned out on the gamble of getting brought his two sons, then resident in a five dollar rat, with the result that Honolulu, into the Pan-Pacific move- thousands of the rodents were destroyed ment. With Mr. Damon and the late in a few days. William A. Bowen, Sun Yat Sen's best "As soon as the dozen papers are pre- friends in Hawaii, I was a guest at a pared another meeting of the commit- farewell dinner given by Sun's sons, tee will be held and some definite plan before they left Hawaii to join their agreed upon for the encouragement of father in China. Years later, Sun Yat the 'Small Farmer' in Hawaii. Sen and I were to plan together what "Among those present were Governor was to have been the culmination of Frear, Market Commissioner Sterrett, Frank Damon's dream—a Pan-Pacific President J. W. Gilmore of the College University in Hawaii. of Hawaii, F. G. Krauss, J. P. Cooke, Damon loved the Chinese. He mar- L. A. Thurston, E. M. Ehrhorn, Land ried a girl who lived her life in Canton, Commissioner A. F. Judd, H. E. Wilcox a daughter of the Balls of Virginia, con- and J. E. Higgins of the Government nections of George Washington. Mrs. Experimental Station, Byron 0. Clark Damon speaks Chinese as well as she and A. H. Ford." does English and lives in Honolulu, And there you have the beginning of beloved by all and especially by the the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Con- Chinese. ference held in Honolulu a dozen years I once asked this missionary woman, later and attended by delegates from daughter and wife of a missionary, if every Pacific land, the most complete Christianity really made the Chinese any Pan-Pacific Congress ever held, and out more moral. She knew the Chinese— of which grew the Pan-Pacific Research they were her people. "Oh, but the Institution and the organization of the Chinese have always been a moral peo- actual research workers, exclusive of ple" was her reply, "but, it gave them a executives and with a real cooperative better religion." I think this was Frank body for mutual understanding and use- Damon's attitude. fulness. It was in 1912 that the first annual In 1912 began the annual banquets of Christian Church Pan-Pacific service the Pan-Pacific Union in Honolulu, was held. There was no Balboa Day, which, beginning with a feast at which September 17th, then, and that first serv- 300 of all Pacific races sat down in ice at which men of all Pacific races and amity, grew in a few years to outdoor religions spoke, was held in the Meth- THE MID-PACIFIC 569

odist Church, being taken over as an but three men in the British parliament annual event with the creation by Ex- who did not believe in negro slavery. Queen Liliuokalani of Balboa Day in Today we are almost ready to admit the 1915. equality of all, a universal democracy Speaking at the first Pan-Pacific Sun- founded on the Fatherhood of God and day service the Reverend Robert E. the brotherhood of man. Joseph Maz- Smith said, "My text is, 'He hath made zini, the hero and patriot of Italy, of one blood all nations of men to dwell wrote : Foremost and grandest amid the on all the f ace of the earth.' " teachings of Christ were these two insep- The pastor stated that he had invited arable truths—there is but one God, all the Hands-Around-the-Pacific Club to are the sons of God, and the promulga- observe the anniversary of its birth be- tion of these two truths changed the face cause it was attempting to carry out the of the world and enlarged the moral spirit of the text, and that it should in circle to the confines of the inhabited this have the assistance of every church globe. and all Christian people. "Hugh Price Hughes of London, "The Hands-Around-the-Pacific Club commenting on this said : 'Democracy is is composed of men of every race and hell let loose, unless it is the democracy every creed in every part of the Pacific of Mazzini, democracy founded upon and they are endeavoring to know each God.' There is but one God, all men other better and bring about an era of are the sons of God,' is the lesson I had united cooperation for the good of all. impressed upon me at the Hands- "Some of us are tempted to believe Around-the-Pacific banquet, and ',an- that the Anglo-Saxon blood is a little other lesson I learned was that wher- better than any other, but a glance back- ever the sons of the Pacific find them- ward brings the blush of shame to our selves, they can be true patriots and face. Today the Anglo-Saxon is dyna- helpers in the land in which they cast miting innocent workingmen, shooting their lot. Listen to this and is there one down inoffensive negroes and in many of us who can not subscribe to it heart ways setting the other races an example and soul : they should not follow. America re- "The Americanization of Hawaii has turned to China ten million dollars in- begun. It is going to be carried forward demnity and China appropriated it for from top to bottom, until Hawaii be- the expenses of Chinese students in comes as proudly American as Australia American universities. This was the is grandly Australian. right sort of hands across the sea reci- "The Americans in Hawaii, high and procity. We should not be conceited, the low, want their fellow citizens to pos- scientists concede the unity of the race. sess the land ; they welcome the son From the researches of the physiologist, of the Chinaman or Japanese who, born the anatomist, the philologist and the in Hawaii and educated in her schools, psychologist we obtain the same testi- is an American ; they are looking for- mony as to the specific unity of our race. ward to an advancing hour when "The new movement demonstrates the Americans can come into their own and advance of men toward a better under- the lands of Hawaii will be tilled by standing of each other and therefore the sons of Americans and the business better friendship. It is but lately that of the islands conducted by true and Helen Hunt Jackson wrote 'A Century loyal sons of the Great Republic. of Dishonor,' which treated of the man- "The old feeling is passing away— ner in which we robbed the Indian of that the Britisher, who comes to Hawaii his rights. A century ago there were to carve his fortune, must remain 570 TILE MID-PACIFIC

A picture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and his two sons on the field of battle in China shortly after the two boys who lived in Honolulu joined him and became his right-hand assistants in China.

British to the end, and the German like- citizens no one begrudges a fellow wise continue forever a subject of the countryman good fortune. But Hawaii Kaiser. is today an American territory, and "Those who come to us from abroad every man in it should be loyal to the today are welcomed in the business flag that protects him and promotes his world from the moment their first papers welfare. are taken out. They expect to grow "The grandest civilization the world rich on a prodigal American tariff, and has ever known, and the great pre- American patronage, and as American ponderance of the world's population, is THE MID-PACIFIC 571 destined to cluster about the Pacific. "I am having my fun. The day I dis- Let the man who comes to a Pacific covered Chu Gem, a Chinese merchant land throw his lot and loyalty in with who had worked twenty years to pay a the land that betters his condition. That white man a hundred thousand dollars is all that Hawaii or any other country he had borrowed with no other security asks of those who enter to make their than his work—no paper—I rejoiced in living. America is spending millions for the knowledge that he was bringing up the fortification of Hawaii and every several sons, Hawaiian voters soon, who man in Hawaii should work with Ha- will continue his business and remain in waii and for Hawaii as an American Hawaii. Everywhere about us are citizen and the people should work with Chinese, who are giving their boys him as a fellow citizen. college educations, to be of use either "Let every man of every nation work to Hawaii or to China. We can't refuse in the land in which he lives for that always to let these men work with us land and for the other lands that he for Hawaii. They are going to vote knows and loves. In this way the some day, and better for us that they hands-around movement will create a work with us than against us. It is for universal brotherhood and the world us to say which they do. shall truly know that He bath made of "Then there are the Japanese. It is one blood all nations of men to dwell one of the greatest studies in the world on all the face of the earth." to even try to know them, yet they are The Hands-Around-the-Pacific move- moved by the same human motives that ment was soon taken up by the churches sway all of us. How they love Japan, and the Y. M. C. A., and out of the Hon- and how their sons are beginning to like olulu Club grew the "Nuuanu" Y. M. C. Hawaii, and their grandsons to love it. A. building for Orientals. Nowhere else in the world can you study Even way back in 1912 I was kept the problem of the Japanese in transi- busy explaining that the Pan-Pacific tion ; it is worth staying in Hawaii for. movement was not one that was particu- The third generation of Japanese in Ha- larly interested in bringing the tourist waii does not speak the language of to Hawaii and the Pacific. The following Japan, he is a pretty good Hawaiian ; is from a public letter written that year : surely there is some way in which he "Do you really believe that I am only and his people can work with us for thinking of the tourist ? He is only a Hawaii, a common ground for all of means to the end, if we take good care us—just for that one thing—to work for of him he may stay with us and help. Hawaii. I know now that the Japanese I am after the man. Every man counts, do wish to work for Hawaii. We are and we should get the best there is in giving them a park to make over and him for Hawaii. We should get the show how they can aid in beautifying best there is out of our yellow brothers, Honolulu. Keep an eye on that park, it not the worst. I have found that it is is going to be the beauty spot of the better to work with them and have them city, and we can thank the Japanese. work with us than to shun them and have Sheba is the first of the Japanese to be them work against us. They are as developed by the friendly companionship human as we are. We don't get near of the haole brother. I know of several enough to our yellow brothers here to embryo Shebas who wish to work with know them, and we won't let them get us for Hawaii. What are we going to near enough to us to know us. But all do about it? You know how Sheba that is changing and we are going to all has been of service to us and to Hawaii. pull together for Hawaii. "It is interesting and worth working 572 THE MID-PACIFIC for to see at a meeting of the Public at him. If the Oriental's standard of Service Association the Governor, the living is lower than yours, teach him it general in command of the Army in is his patriotic duty to elevate his Hawaii, the admiral commanding the standard to yours and work with you Pacific Fleet, the Castles, the Cookes, for Hawaii. the Thurstons, the Dillinghams, the "I thought little of the Oriental when Tuttles, the Sedgwicks, Shebas, Chu I first came to Hawaii, but this Hands- Gems, and dozens of others of every Around movement has made me realize walk of life getting together for Ha- that he is going to vote soon, and we waii, each pledging himself to do his had better have him work in harness share, and all equals. Gradually the bar- with us, instead of pulling against us. riers are being worn away, the men who Why should we not establish in our have been placed on a pinnacle by their colleges departments where the Oriental fellow men want to come down and be may learn his own handicrafts. There sociable, the men not on the pinnacle is splendid pottery clay in Punchbowl are beginning to realize this and are hill, and there is no duty on Oriental reaching up to give them a hand to wares manufactured here and sent to come down and join the crowd of the mainland. We have the Oriental workers for Hawaii. There is going to with us, let us give him something to do. be one big organization in Hawaii of all Let us give the white man a chance too. men and races and all organizations to It is up to us and it can all be done in work for the welfare of the country— a friendly way. as it is in every great city and State on "What is there in it ? A lifetime the Coast today. The people are going study of the most fascinating game in to get together, and its worth waiting the world. The helping in working out years in Hawaii to see this come about. of the great social problems of the "The average man wants to do some- races. Hawaii is the place for such thing for his country. Let him. Find study. And the surroundings ! The surf what he is best fitted to do and put him and the surfboard at your feet, the at it, and it is wonderful the work you mountains above your head and a par- will get out of him. A young news- adise between. In four trips around the paper man came into the public service world I have found no such garden as last week and was employed to do some Hawaii. Forgive me if I deceive my- rush work. When pay day came he self into believing that it is my garden— indignantly refused remuneration. "The and yours, of course. And we are the fun I had helping out paid me more gardeners, who are to make it the par- than any money could," he insisted. That adise for the world, so let's get busy and is the spirit spreading in Honolulu today. work together. The individual asks to be allowed to "All joking aside, won't you put the help. Some like polo, others the game soft pedal on advancing any one in- of boosting. Boosting is the most dividual to the front, and boost just thrilling game in the world, and it the organizations doing good ? When a makes patriots, not politicians. If you man does a big thing, credit him that want to Americanize our polyglot pop- once, but don't try to give him the big ulation follow the Swiss plan and give head and so force him into a useless each man a duty to perform for the rut of self-admiration. We are all good of his community. Get us all human. No one is absolutely necessary working and pulling together and the now. The work-together campaign has Americanization will be easy. You progressed too far and too many men won't Americanize anyone by sneering are learning to work for Hawaii." THE MID-PACIFIC 573 .„,,,„ Down the Colorado Canyon by Small Boats By COL. C. H. BIRDSEYE Chief Topographic Engineer, U. S. Geological Survey (Before the Pan-Pacific Research Institution)

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I hardly know how to start my little talk tonight. I do not think I will attempt to discuss the engineering phases of our Grand Canyon, but rather give you a little history of some of the former explorations. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado Col. C. H. Birdseye was first discovered in 1542 by one of the Spanish Conquistadors, but no one always been an incentive to the mem- visited it for 300 years after that date, bers of the Geological Survey to add to at least with the idea of finding out any- our store of knowledge of the Colorado thing about it. River basin. Prior to 1923 we had In 1869 John Wesley Powell, a one- mapped and studied all of the river and armed veteran of the Civil War, started its principal tributaries and features from Green River, Wyoming, with 12 from Grand Junction, Colorado and men in four open boats, and after three Green River, Wyoming, to the Mexican months of hardship and disaster, during border, with the exception of the which time his instruments were lost stretch from Lee's Ferry, Arizona, to and his boats were wrecked, got the mouth of Grand Wash, 250 miles through to the mouth of Virgin River of some of the roughest water in the near the Nevada-Utah line. The United States. achievements of all subsequent voy- The need of completing these studies agers seem very insignificant in com- of this part of the country is apparent parison when we realize that Powell when you realize the great interest that had but one arm and knew nothing of is being shown in the development of the character of the river. Six other the Colorado River. The Colorado expeditions have been successfully car- River Commission, headed by Secretary ried through, navigating the rapids of Hoover, has proposed a pact or treaty the Grand Canyon, and several other between the seven states which are attempts have met with failure and even interested. This treaty would allocate loss of life. the waters of the Colorado River to Powell's early explorations have be used for irrigation and for the 574 THE MID-PACIFIC

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development of hydro-electric power to We reached Lee's Ferry the 18th of the seven states of the Colorado River August. The previous day a small basin, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, New detachment of boy scouts with auto- Mexico and Arizona and California- mobiles and equipment for a camping All of the states with the exception of season capsized on the ferry boat and Arizona have ratified the treaty, but the automobiles are still at the bottom Arizona takes the stand that she must of the river, though the boys were all control for her own benefit any develop- rescued. ment of the waters within her state. One of the thirteen dams proposed In July of 1923 the Geological Survey to be constructed is located just above decided to finish the survey job, and I Lee's Ferry. This dam would be 500 had the opportunity of leading that feet in height and would store about party, but claim no credit for the navi- 20 million acre feet of water. The 270 gation end of the trip. We had five foot arch of Rainbow Natural Bridge skilled boatmen who had all had pre- would nicely hold the Capitol building vious experience in the rapids of that at Washington. river, and that our engineering work We started down the river on August was made possible was due largely to 1st and plunged into the upper end of their skill. One of the men, Leigh Lint, what is now known as the beginning of who was with us, is in the audience the Grand Canyon—Marble Gorge with tonight, but he is too modest and shy the sides towering 700 feet above us. to tell anything of his experiences. We ate our way into the plateau and at Another one, Frank Dodge, has a the end of two weeks were down in the mother living here in Honolulu. heart of the canyon with the walls rising The party was organized at Flagstaff, 5,000 feet above us. We set up our July 13, 1923, and left for Lee's Ferry. radio every night. We learned of the The Colorado Basin is noted for having death of President Harding forty-five a larger concentration of irrigable minutes after it occurred, and we heard lands and potential water power sites that August 10th had been set aside as than any other basin in the United a day of mourning and so we lay idle States except the Columbia. The Geo- on that day out of respect to his mem- logical Survey has recently issued a re- ory, and named the point opposite our port recommending a logical scheme of camp President Harding Point. development of Colorado River, and Passing down the river we came proposing the construction of 13 dams upon Aztec cliff dwellings 700 feet above ranging in height from 99 to 566 feet. the water. We found that we were not Each one if constructed and filled would the first white visitors as there were back the water up to the foot of the names and initials scratched on the next one above. This plan would pro- rock. We passed under a suspension vide a storage capacity of 42 million bridge built by the National Park Serv- acre feet, and make possible the develop- ice at the mouth of Bright Angel ment of 3 million hydro-electric horse- Creek. You can see here the high power and the irrigation of 6 million water flow line marked on the rocks. acres of land. Reaching Bright Angel Creek we We had an entirely different type of climbed the Bright Angel trail over the boat than that used by Powell. Ours screw curves known as Jacob's Ladder were essentially one man boats with and spent four days at El Tovar Hotel. an open cockpit and watertight hatches We resumed our voyage on August 28, fore and aft with watertight compart- and soon we had our first upset. Emory ments underneath. clung to the boat and the life line 576 THE MID-PACIFIC thrown to him saved him and he was Koms. He was a good cook and pleas- towed in. Frank Dodge and Leigh ant companion. Twenty miles below Lint had the honor of catching the boat Bright Angel Creek we came to Separa- and bringing it to shore. tion Rapids where Powell's first party Passing beyond Grand Canyon Na- split, three of his men climbing out to tional Park we came to a block of pure the northward and being killed by lava, a remnant, the only one, of a flow Indians three days later, so it would which geologists say once dammed the river to a height of about 200 feet. It have been better had they stuck with forms a landmark for the worst rapid the party. After passing down out of (Lava Falls) in the canyon, where we the Grand Canyon we entered Boulder made our second portage, we had to Canyon below the mouth of Virgin make only three in all. Here the river River. rose 21 feet in 24 hours due to a cloud This airplane photograph of Boulder burst. The boats weighed 900 pounds Canyon (shown) was taken by Captain empty and it was no slight task to Stevens who took the photographs that haul them up to safety. illustrated the article in the National As we approached Diamond Peak we Geographic Magazine describing Lieut. knew our next supply point was near. McCready's transcontinental flight. We were six days late and some one Stevens flew over us at Lava Falls when had spread alarming reports about our we were marooned by high water. We being lost and some enterprising news- saw him but he did not observe us. At paper man flooded the country with Boulder Canyon we rigged sails, as there alarming reports. We sent a counter re- was a strong downstream wind and we port to the radio manager of the Los made 55 to 60 miles a day where by Angeles Times, and heard the telegram rowing we could make only 15 or 20, broadcasted within two hours after it reaching Needles, California, on October was sent. 19th, after a 450 mile voyage. All were We had a 230 pound cook—Felix glad the trip was over and we lost no Kominski. His name was shortened dur- time in getting our boats out of water ing the war by some army officer to and the equipment ready for shipping.

THE MID-PACIFIC 577

On board an Australian trawler after a goodly catch of fish.

M01 Tc7 cinviItc7u7m7uciliunt7ra7uur itinum71 Trawling in New South Wales By GILBERT P. WHITLEY Department of Fishes, Australian Museum, Sydney ittrectoraticirient• a • • •taltred: • I • • Itnucarca •

Early on a fine July morning the crabs, and pieces of rock. Porcupine trawler "Bar-ea-mul" (Black Swan) left fishes grunted loudly, rays and sharks Sydney with two naturalists from the lashed with their tails, slimy bodies slid Australian Museum on board, bent on here and there, whilst toadoes or puffer- collecting specimens for that institution. fishes inflated themselves to enormous The vessel kept up a good speed and proportions. Many of the fishes, how- that evening, after a run of about 170 ever, were too full for words, their miles, the light of Montague Island was stomachs having swollen prodigiously sighted, with the huge bluffs of Drome- and their eyes having popped out as they dary Mountain in the background. Here were drawn up from the great pressure the trawl was "shot," and after about of their haunts seventy or eighty fathoms four hours' slowly dragging along the below. Out of the mass crawled prickly, bottom, was hauled in. long-legged giant spider crabs (Leptomi- What a sight greeted the eyes as thra,r waitei), and hermit crabs in vari- the "cod-end" of the net was emptied ous kinds of shells. Large "firebrick" onto the deck under the glaring lights ! starfishes ( Asterodiscus truncatus) Flatheads, gurnards, dogfishes, Aaw- mingled with certain sea-urchins with sharks, rays and other fishes were poisonous spines, which, because of their tumbled together with sponges, shells, shape, were called Tam-o'-shanters. 578 THE MID-PACIFIC

Rocks were broken up and sponges torn genus, Pristiurus, not bef ore recorded to pieces in search of small marine ani- from Australia. mals, and collecting jars were quickly Off Sydney heads, a slightly different filled with specimens for scientific pur- fauna was encountered. Beautiful red poses. The food-fishes were rapidly sea-fans, made by animals allied to sorted into baskets and later packed in corals, were obtained ; with arms curled ice in the hold. Communication over tightly around their branches, were curi- the wireless was held with the Sydney ous starfishes known to the crew as markets daily. Day and night, Sunday "death-grips." The quaint bellows fish and week-day, the trawl was shot and (Macrorhainphosus elevatus) was also hauled at regular intervals, but the fish obtained in fair quantities. This little were scarce, perhaps having migrated fish has a long pipe-like snout and a elsewhere, so a new locality was worked. long spine on its back, and these char- This time cuttles, crabs (Droinidiopsis acters, coupled with its tail, give it the excavata) which carried colonies of sea- shape of a pair of bellows, from which squirts on their backs, and curious soli- it derives its vernacular name. tary corals were brought up, but com- Unfortunately no specimens of the mercially the hauls were still poor, and pelagic fishes which passed the vessels the vessel steamed further up the coast, in schools could be obtained, but the accompanied by her expectant train of mollyhawks enjoyed themselves amongst mollyhawks, until darkness descended them, whilst the high diving feats of once more, broken only by large lumi- gannets as they dropped upon their nous floating blobs of Salpae and minute prey were of Olympic standard. star-like specks of light from millions of At the surface, by the seashore, and the sea's tinier inhabitants. in the greatest depths, the blue waters The next day, off Kiama, the trawl of the Pacific teem with life, yet com- brought up a large octopus ("squid" of paratively little is known concerning the Hawaii) and an angel shark (Squatina wonders of it all. Every year, however, tergocellata), a species hitherto known as new animal and plant forms are dis- only from a South Australian specimen covered, the habits or structure of others are made clear, and data of various described by the late Allan R. McCul- kinds are obtained, progress is made, loch. Other interesting fishes obtained a step at a time. Ultimately, it is hoped, off the coast were young frost-fish men, equipped with the knowledge ac- (I,cpidopus caudatus), a rather rare cumulated by generations of workers, "Barracouta" (Jordanidia solandri) may reap the rich harvest of the Pacific named in honor of Dr. David Starr without fear of seriously depleting its Jordan, and a new species of shark of a resources.

A Polynesian fish-pond.

THE MID-PACIFIC 579

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXI

(January to June, 1926, inclusive)

PAGE Australian Boomerang, The—William W. Thorpe 249 Bangkok, Americans in 241 Barriers Broken Down—Mrs. Percival Foster 57 Borobudur, the Temple that Buddhists Forgot—Dr. Harold T. Stearns 161 China, Circumventing Malthus in—John Earl Baker 369 China, A Conference on American Relations with China—At Johns Hopkins University 3 China, Practical Relief Work in—Rev. Philip Allen Swartz 143 China, Russia in—Rev. Stephen G. Mark 417 China, The Greatness of New—Julean Arnold 517 China, The New Women of—S. N. Au-Young 169 China, The Student Movement in—H. A. Wilbur 317 China's Two-Fold Problems—L. F. Chen 51 Climate and Civilization in the Pacific—Dr. Willis L. Moore 421 Colorado Canyon by Small Boats, Down the—Col. C. H. Birdseye 573 Education, The Need of Mass—Frederick M. Davenport 47 Eel, The Story of the Fresh-Water—H. K. Anderson and G. P. Whitley 453 Far East, The Strategy of Raw Materials in the—Parts I and II—Dr. Warren DuPre Smith 465, 555 Fish of the Pacific—Allan R. McCulloch 139 Formosa's World Monopoly of Camphor—Y. Ikeda 231 Gobi Desert, Exploring the—Dr. C. P. Berkey 165 Gold, Raising Sunken—Yumihachi Kataoka 459 Hawaii, The Fish of—Dr. David Starr Jordan 30 Ignorance, Systematized—Dr. David Starr Jordan 203 Indo-China, The Fisheries of—Dept. of Economics of Indo-Chinese Government 445 Institute of Pacific Relations, Closing Address of the 61 Institute of Pacific Relations, Japan's Farewell to the—Motosado Zumoto 248 Japan and America—Yasuke Tsurumi 343 Japan, Aviation in—Major W. Ikemura 245 Japan, Questions and Answers About—Douglas L. Dunbar 525 Japanese Writing, Romaji, the Simplified—Dr. Aikitsu Tanakadate 337 Kahunas and Kahunaism—Joseph S. Emerson 503 Korea, Japan in—Bishop Herbert Welch 427 Labor in the Problems of the Pacific, The Interests of—Paul Scharrenberg 39 Laborer and the Pacific, The—Paul Scharrenberg 155 Lumber Industry of the Pacific Northwest, The—G. E. Kastengren 233 New Guinea and Its Natives, The Territory of—Gordon Thomas, M.R.A.S., F.R.C.I 513 New Guinea, The Territory of—Gordon Thomas, M.R.A.S., F.R.C.I 403 New South Wales, Trawling in—Gilbert P. Whitley 577 New Zealand, Deer Stalking in—D. Britt Shad 309 New Zealand, Mountains, Rivers and Lakes of—George M. Thomson 175 New Zealand, The Scenic Southland of—Southland Daily News '1-49 Opium as an International Problem—C. C. Batchelder 33 Pacific, American Sentiment on Problems of the—Chester H. Rowell 43 Pacific Area, Free Interchange of Views in the—Prof. J. B. Gondliffe and others of the New Zealand Group 215 Pacific, Fish of the—Allan R. McCulloch 139 580 THE MID-PACIFIC

PAGE Pacific, The Challenge of the—Dr. William Axling 333 Pacific, Climate and Civilization in the—Dr. Willis L. Moore 421 Pacific on Business, Cruising Around the—Charles K. Moser 365 Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, October at the— Address by Motosada Zumoto 117 Address by Mr. Iyemasa Tokugawa, "How the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo Began" 121 Address by Dean Russell of the University of Wisconsin 122 Address by His Excellency Baron Keishiro Matsui 123 Address by Viscount T. Inouye, "The Medical Conference in Japan" 124 Address by Dr. W. W. New 126 Address by Major A. Parker Hitchens 124 Address by Edwin L. Neville 132 Address by A. Maki, "Japan's Impressions of the Canadian Rockies" 127 Address by His Excellency H. Josa da Costa Carneiro, "The Portuguese in the Pacific" 130 Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, Dr. Mori at the 326 Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, At the (An Address on "Exclusion")—Rev. Y. Tsunashima___ 471 Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, Proceedings of the 533 Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, The 100th Luncheon Meeting of the 537 Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, At the 545 Pan-Pacific Continent? Was there a—Dr. Masamitsu Oshima 441 Pan-Pacific Effort, Helping to Organize—Dr. David Starr Jordan 103 "Pan-Pacific Peace", Dr. David Starr Jordan's Talk on 21 Pan-Pacific Research Institution, David Starr Jordan at the 17 Pan-Pacific Research Institution, The Journal of the (No. 1, Containing a Check-List of the Fishes of Hawaii)—David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann 65 Pan-Pacific Research Institution, The Journal of the (No. 2, "Institutes for Research Work in the Interest of Agriculture in the Netherlands Indies")—Dr. P. J. S Cramer 265 Pan-Pacific Union, The Bulletin of the 81, 181, 281, 381, 481, 581 Pan-Pacific Union, The Genesis of—Alexander Hume Ford 9, 109, 257, 378, 473, 565 Pan-Pacific Union, Some Work of the—Dr. S. T. Wen 331 Philippines, Agricultural Education in the—Kilmer 0. Moe 149 Philippines, The Dutch in the—Percy A. Hill 559 Philippines, The Little Known Tribes in the—Kilmer 0. Moe 433 Race Relations on the Pacific Coast of America—Dr. Roderick D. MacKenzie 217 Russia of Today—Dr. Annie Strong 327 Science, The Practical and the Impracticable in—Dr. A. R. Davis 227 Siam, Agricultural Development in—Kilmer 0. Moe 357 Siberia, The Yakout Province of—A. A. Riajansky 409 Silk-Worm, The—Prof. C. R. Kellogg 303 South America as I Know It—Dr. Herbert A. Manchester 133 Tahiti and the Society Islands—H. C. Fassett 349 Walk in the World, The Most Famous—The Southland Daily Times 549 Wood's Hole, The Story of—Dr. David Starr Jordan 25 Vision, A New—John Nelson 53

Statement of the ownership of the MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE at Honolulu, required by the act of August 24, 1912: Editor, Alexander Hume Ford ; Managing Editor, Alexander Hume Ford ; Business Manager, Alexander Hume Ford ; Publisher, Alexander Hume Ford; Owner, Alexander Hume Ford ; Mortgagee, none ; A. Y. Satterthwaite, Assistant Editor. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 26th day of March, 1926. (Seal) H. J. EVENSEN, Notary Public, First Judicial Circuit, Territory of Hawaii. '(My commission expires at the pleasure of the Attorney-General.) S.'10P.!...."!Ml.STillItiVP.1.21.1P.IZA411.2.11,22-.11.1.11.4PitiM_JMANLINWPV.20.21.W4.41,WWILMAIVIMVILM131PAPSIMLNNIK9413,4,1 ■94

BULLETIN

OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION An unofficial organization, the agent of no government, but with the good will of all In bringing the peoples e the Pacific together into better understanding and cooperative effort for the advancement of the inter.sts common to the Pacific area.

CONTENTS

New Series No. 77, June, 1926

Ideals of the Pan-Pacific Union - - - - 2 The Pan-Pacific Women's Conference - - 3 Pan-Pacific Conferences to Come - - - - - 9 A Third Pan-Pacific Educational Conference - - 11 A World Meet of Educators in the Pacific for 1929 - - 14 Merle Davis in Japan - - - - - 15 The Pan-Pacific Lions Club of Honolulu - - - 16

OFFICERS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION HONORARY PRESIDENTS Calvin Coolidge President of the United States S. M. Bruce Prime Minister, Australia J. G. Coates Prime Minister, New Zealand Tuan Chi Jui Chief Executive of China W. L. Mackenzie King Prime Minister of Canada • President House of Peers, Japan Prince I. Tokugawa • His Majesty, Rama VII King of Siam P. Elias Calles President of Mexico

OFFICERS IN HONOLULU President—Hon. Wallace R. Farrington Governor of Hawaii Director—Alexander Hume Ford Honolulu HONOLULU Published monthly by the Pan-Pacific Union 1926

74.-s1friiitiiiitrifor • .rintrisairiferiiiiiranyerred • rrevw, • ritiveriiiiti-emwarrawm. AIMS OF THE PAN PACIFIC UNION 1

From year to year the scope of the work before the Pan-Pacific Union has broadened, until today it assumes some of the aspects of a friendly un- official Pan-Pacific League of Nations, a destiny that both the late Franklin K. Lane and Henry Cabot Lodge predicted for it. The Pan-Pacific Union has conducted a number of successful conferences ; scientific, educational, journalistic, commercial, fisheries, and most vital of all, that on the conservation of food and food products in the Pacific area, for the Pacific regions from now on must insure the world against the horrors of food shortage and its inevitable conclusion. The real serious human action of the Pan-Pacific Union begins. It is fol- lowing up the work of the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference by the establishment of a Pan-Pacific Research Institution where primarily the study and work will be along the lines necessary in solving the problems of food production and conservation in the Pacific Area,—land and sea. Added to this, will be the study of race and population problems that so vitally affect our vast area of the Pacific, the home of more than half of the peoples who in- habit this planet. The thoughts and actions of these peoples and races toward each other as they are today, and as they should be, for the welfare of all, will be a most important problem before the Union, as well as the problem of feeding in the future those teeming swarms of races, that must be well fed to preserve a peaceful attitude toward each other. The Pan-Pacific Union is an organization in no way the agency of any Pacific Government, yet having the goodwill of all, with the Presidents and Premiers of Pacific lands as its honorary heads. Affiliated and working with the Pan-Pacific Union are Chambers of Commerce, educational, scientific and other bodies. It is supported in part by government and private appropria- tions and subscriptions. Its central office is in Honolulu, because of its loca- tion at the ocean's crossroads. Its management is under an international board. The following are the chief aims and objects of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To bring together from time to time, in friendly conference, leaders in all lines of thought and action in the Pacific area, that they may become better acquainted ; to assist in pointing them toward cooperative effort for the advancement of those interests that are common to all the peoples. 2. To bring together ethical leaders from every Pacific land who will meet for the study of problems of fair dealings and ways to advance interna- tional justice in the Pacific area, that misunderstanding may be cleared. 3. To bring together from time to time scientific and other leaders from Pacific lands who will present the great vital Pan-Pacific scientific problems including those of race and population, that must be confronted, and if pos- sible, solved by the present generation of Pacific peoples and those to follow. 4. To follow out the recommendations of the scientific and other leaders in the encouragement of all scientific research work of value to Pacific peo- ples ; in the establishment of a Research Institution where such need seems to exist, or in aiding in the establishment of such institutions. 5. To secure and collate accurate information concerning the material re- sources of Pacific lands ; to study the ideas and opinions that mould public opinion among the peoples of the several Pacific races, and to bring men to- gether who can understandingly discuss these in a spirit of fairness that they may point out a true course of justice in dealing with them internationally. 6. To bring together in round table discussion in every Pacific land those of all races resident therein who desire to bring about better understand- ing and cooperative effort among the peoples and races of the Pacific for their common advancement, material and spiritual. 7. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly commercial contact and relationship. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and, through them, spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial cooperation. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 3 A Pan-Pacific Women's Conference

The local committee of the Pan- rival and there I was able to place the Pacific Women's Conference to be held matter before members who agreed that in Honolulu in July, 1928, with Miss the Conference should be of much bene- Jane Addams as honorary chairman, is fit to the women in the Pacific countries, receiving letters from all parts of the and wished to be represented thereat. Pacific, some of which-are printed here- "It was, however, too soon to say with. In order that further informa- who could undertake such representa- tion may be received in regard to the tion as the Conference is some years topics to be discussed, the f our main ahead, but I may say that I hope my- divisions of the Conference and their self to be able to be present, all being temporary chairmen are given: well. We can here consult with the 1. Health (especially of mother and Red Cross and Medical Fraternity and child), Dr. Vivian Appleton. probably have a good delegation at 2. 'Economic Status of Women in each Conference. You know, probably, Industry, Mrs. A. L. Andrews. that our Red Cross is an active body. 3. Child Welfare (other than physi- Lady Luke is one of its oldest members cal health), probably included under the and she would be a good person to get head of Education, Mrs. Isaac M. Cox. into touch with. Her address is 15 4. Women in Government, Mrs. J. Hiropi Street, Wellington, N. Z. P. Morgan. "The topics chosen seem very com- The four chairmen may be addressed prehensive. Would No. 2, "Women in in care of the Pan-Pacific Union, and Industry," embrace the Professions, be- are very anxious to have the names of cause that is a subject of some moment possible delegates to the Conference with us, there being a strong tendency as well as suggestions as to speakers here to pay women less than men in all and various divisions under the four work. main subjects, or letters may be sent di- "I hope you will keep me informed rect to Miss Margaret Bergen, chair- of any further proposals with regard to man of the preliminary agenda commit- the Conference." tee. From the National Board of the From Wellington, New Zealand, comes Young Women's Christian Associations a letter from Amy G. Kane, President of of the U. S. A., 600 Lexington Ave., the National Council of Women : New York City, N. Y., June 4, 1925. "Mrs. Harriet Andrews, Miss Annetta Dieckmann, Secretary In- Chairman Executive Committee, dustrial Department, writes as follows : Pan-Pacific Women's Conference. "My dear Mrs. Andrews : Dear Madam: "It was with the greatest of interest "On my return to New Zealand after that I read your letters and the plans attending the Quinquennial Conference for the Pan-Pacific Women's Confer- of the International Council of Women ence in 1928. You are, of course, in in Washington and a visit to England, touch with some of the women who I found your letter of July 23rd, re the would be most interested in studying the proposed Pan-Pacific Women's Con- economic status of women in industry, ference which Mrs. R. Pearson had especially as it touches relations be- asked you to send to me. Our National tween industrial women in the Occident Conference took place just after my ar- and in the Orient. I think Agatha Har- 4 PAN-PACIFIC U NION BULLETIN

rison is perhaps the one woman in the C. A. office in New Zealand. She is a world most interested in that subject. graduate of the National Training She is so interested that she succeeded School in New York, and worked for a in getting the industrial women of the time in industrial positions in this coun- Y. W. C. A. at the National Assembly try before returning to New Zealand. held in conjunction with the convention Then she was for two years National last year to pass a resolution pledging Industrial Secretary. themselves to study women in industry "The National Women's Trade Union in the Orient, and to see what ways League at its Convention last year ap- were open for improving the conditions pointed a committee to keep in touch under which they work. As a result with women in industry in the Orient, of that resolution, industrial clubs are and pledged itself to work with the making various studies of Oriental in- women's section of the International dustrial conditions in this part of the Federation of Trade Unions in this. I country ; for instance, each city is try- do not know just what they have done ing to find out for itself what industries since the convention, but I know that it has which in any way touch the Elizabeth Christman, 311 S. Ashland women of the Orient either because they Blvd., Chicago, is on the committee and use raw materials prepared by the that she would be worth communicating women of the Orient, or because they with. are in competition with those women. These studies are to result in exhibits "If you think it worth while to tell at the summer industrial conference. me anything more about your plans, I should be glad to talk over this confer- "Among the things which I know will ence with some of the officials in the be exhibited are the bag factories, International Labor Office when I get to which import jute from India ; the silk Geneva this summer. I feel sure that factories, which get raw material from they would be very much interested." Japan; a sport goods factory, which uses goose feathers prepared in China ; The following very helpful informa- and factories, which are in competition tion has been received from the Inter- with Japanese potteries, and are, in con- national Labor Office, Geneva, March sequence, suffering from under-employ- 3, 1926, Miss Martha Mundt, Intel- ment. ligence and Liaison Division : "The exhibition is to be followed by "Dear Mr. Ford : an address showing what we can do to "Further to Mr. Ellison's letter of remedy the conditions, which our studies January 23 in which he told you that it have revealed in the Orient. is my special duty at the International "Other Y. W. C. A. people, whom Labor Office to maintain relations with I know would be much interested in women's organizations, I venture to re- your conference, are, Mary Dingman, fer to your letter of December 3. the World's Industrial Secretary of the "You have doubtless received by now Y. W. C. A., who has been allocated the pamphlets dealing with the general this year to China. Before going to tasks of the I. L. 0. I shall certainly China she spent some months in Aus- be very pleased if I can be of assistance tralia and New Zealand. Lily Haas is in the preparatory work for the pro- to succeed Miss Harrison as National posed women's Conference in Honolulu Industrial Secretary in China. One other in 1928. I notice that the Agenda is person, who would be interested, I am divided into four divisions and would sure, is Jean Stevenson, who could be be glad if you would be kind enough to reached through the National Y. W. put me into direct contact with the PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 5

ladies acting as temporary Chairmen for Miss Anna Rochester, Editor, "The such divisions. World Tomorrow," New York. "Each of these divisions represents a Miss Amy Steinhart, San Francisco, most important social problem and in California. order to help me to give suggestions I Dr. Mary H. Hamilton, Box 279, should be interested to know on what Riverside, California. basis it is proposed to treat the particular Hon. Jeanette Rankin, Bogart, subjects in question. Georgia. "I would mention that the Interna- "Canada: tional Labor. Office is in possession of Mrs. Caroline Carmichael, Pres., a considerable amount of information Natl. Council of Women of Canada, and I should be very pleased to pre- New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. pare this for your special use if so de- Mrs. Charles Thorburn (Canadian sired. Govt. Delegate to International "You ask me for the names of women Labor Conference, 1924), 209, Daly in the Orient and Pacific countries, who Ave., Ottawa, Ontario. are interested in the four items of the "Mexico: Agenda. I know many women, who are Mrs. Adelaide Palucia, Professor of prominent in these spheres, but I prefer Mathematics and Ethics, University to give you only the names of those of Mexico. who would be able to put you in direct "Argentina: touch with the most competent women Senora Jean de Raynes, Avellanada in their respective countries, i. e. 1861, Buenos Aires. "United States: Senora Alicia M. de Justo, Buenos Aires. Miss Mary Anderson, Chief, Women's Senora. Celina Lauth de Morgan, 285, Bureau, United States Department Libertad, Buenos Aires. of Labor, Washington. Miss Grace Abbott, Chief of Chil- "Brazil: dren's Bureau, U. S. Department Mlle, Bertha Lutz, Rua do Mattoso, of Labor, Washington. Rio de Janeiro. Mrs. Raymond Robbins, Honorary "Costa Rica: President, National Women's Trade Mme. Sara de Quiros, San Jose, Union League of America, 311, Costa Rica. South Ashland Blvd., Chicago. "Australia: Miss Kate H. Claghorn, Lecturer in Mrs. Rischbeith, Editor "The Dawn," Statistics and Emigration, New 191, Murray Street, Peth, Western York School of Social Work, 105, Australia. East 22nd St., New York City. Miss M. Heagney, Trades Hall, Mel- (This school is in touch with the bourne. graduates and pupils of the Phil- Mrs. E. Clapham, Kathleen Street, lipines, China and other Pacific Cottesloe, Western Australia. countries.) "Japan: Miss Julia George, President, Juvenile Miss Michi Kawai, Gen. Sec., Y. W. Protective Association, San Fran- C. A., 14, Kita Jinbo-cho, Kanda- cisco, California. Ju, Tokio. Mrs. Amanda Schlesinger (former Mrs. Ochimi Kubushiro, Gen. Sec., Chairman, Child Labor Committee), Japan Woman Suffrage Assn., Clay Street, San Francisco, Cali- c/o Kyo. fu Kai, Akasaka Shin- f ornia. machi, Tokio. 6 PAN-PACIFIC U NION BULLETIN

Miss Fusaye Ichikawa, Tokio Office artists more than any other foreign of the International Labor Office, women in social or political work, not Kyocho Kai Bldg., Shiba Park, to say of the wife of the prominent Tokio. business man, or the politician. It is Mrs. Umeo Oku, 14, Itchome, also true that the Japanese women give Sugamo, Tokio. (Editor of "Wo- more attention to our established women man and Labor.") writers or actresses than to the wives "India: of our cabinet members. It may be Mrs. S. K. Datta, Y. W. C. A. Na- caused by our own nature, that is to tional Council, 5, Russell St., Cal- say, we are a more artistic nation than cutta. political. Therefore, I am very anxious Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, Hyderabad, to send several women artists to this Deccan, India. coming conference, representing Japan. Miss Cornelia Sorabji, Barrister at "As for the topics to be discussed at Law, Imperial Bank of India, Park the conference, I should like to propose Street, Calcutta. the Birth Control problem. For this Mrs. K. K. Kurvilla, M. A., Mar problem is becoming the vital question Thoma Seminary, Kottayam. socially and politically for all the coun- "In Geneva I often have the oppor- tries surrounding the Pacific Ocean, in- tunity of meeting women Delegates to cluding U. S. A., Japan, China, Aus- the League of Nations Assembly and tralia, Canada, Central and Southern the International Labor Conference and American countries. Moreover, I be- I will do my best to interest them in lieve this is one of the most important the proposed Conference if you will problems for the woman of today." kindly keep me informed of the progress made from time to time." Mrs. Cox recently visited Japan and met a number of the women artists in- Baroness Keikichi Ishimoto, of Tokyo, terested in the Conference. has given a very frank and candid state- ment of her views to Mrs. I. M. Cox, From Dr. Louise W. Farnam, Hunan- Chairman of the Educational Section of Yale Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference. following letter is addressed to Dr. "My dear Mrs. Cox : Vivian Bell Appleton, Chairman of the "It is a great pleasure to have your Health Section : letter of September 28, asking my "My dear Dr. Appleton : opinion on the Pan-Pacific Women's "You ask me for suggestions for the Conference in 1928. I understand it is Child Health program or possible the most suitable plan to realize the speakers. I am afraid I do not know original idea of the Union, because, any more pediatrists in China than you women have no history of fighting ex- do. Did you ever meet Dr. Ruth Guy ? cept the Amazons. I sincerely hope for She is now in . Peking. I have not met a big success for the coming convention. her, but hear she is very interesting. 1 As I am given the privilege to give my think she came out in 1924, so would suggestions to the conference, I hope very likely be returning in 1928. She the- following may offer you some help. is working in the Health Center in "Concerning the qualification of the Peking. Are you going to make any member, it is important to include sort of special study of the age from 12 women artists as well as social and po- to 24 months ? I have wondered if the litical workers. I mean by artists babies in other countries seem to lose writers, poets, painters, actresses, etc. as much in that age period as they do In Japan we always appreciate foreign here." .PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 7

Blanche M. Haines, M. D., Director, "All of the foregoing is only by way Division of Maternity and Infant Hy- of information and suggestion so that giene, U. S. Department of Labor, you may be able to crystallize your own Children's Bureau, Washington, writes ideas. This is all I can give you at the as follows : present time, Dr. Appleton. "My dear Dr. Appleton: "I wish to thank you for the pro- "Replying to your letter of December ceedings of the First Pan-Pacific Food 22, I wish to say that 1928 seems a Conservation Conference. It is a very long way off, but of course it isn't any beautiful book." too early for you to begin thinking of From the Rockefeller Institute for your Pan-Pacific Women's Conference, Medical Research, 66th St. and Ave. A, and yet it is hard for me to advise you New York, Dr. Florence R. Sabin or to suggest just what you should in- writes : clude in your program. There will be "My dear Doctor Appleton : so many developments between now and "In reply to your letter of December the time of the conference, if the future 22nd, I think the two people who know can be measured by the past two years. most about child hygiene are Dr. Mary "I am wondering also whether you Sherwood, whose address is The will have any way to finance the travel Charles Apartment, North Charles of anyone who was to come. Some- Street, Baltimore, Maryland, and the times people might be secured who were next person is, I think, Miss Julia Lath- planning to take trips to the Orient and rop. Dr. Sherwood has just resigned could time their trips so as to fit in with from the Department of Child Hygiene the conference. It is barely possible in the city health department of Balti- that whoever visits your work from this more, and she could give you the most bureau could so time her arrival, but I information on the subject of anyone I could not say that definitely now. know. Miss Lathrop is in the Child "I advise you to write to the Women's Hygiene Department of the Govern- Bureau for any suggestions on the ment, I believe. You will remember economic status of women in industry, whether Miss Lathrop is at present in to the Bureau of Education, Department charge, or whether she has resigned. of the Interior for educational work, "Shortly after I received your letter, and the League of Women Voters, 532 I met Miss Anne Whitney, who is in 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C., the Division of Health Education here might be able to give you some very in New York City. I spoke to her definite information about women in about your conference, and she thought Government. that it would be better to' get hold of "I enclose a list of this bureau's pub- someone on the Pacific coast. She sent lications, and I have asked the Bureau me the enclosed letter. Doctor Caroline of Education and the Women's Bureau Hedger she speaks of I have met per- to send you their lists. This will give sonally. She is a woman of real charm you some idea of what we and they and I imagine an exceedingly good have in the line of publications. public, speaker. She has travelled a "I am sending you a copy of our lot and has had large experience. I latest publication, Standards of Prenatal know she was in Belgium throughout Care, which Will give you some idea 'of the war. the activities on which we are con- "I think Doctor Sherwood would centrating for the present moment in make a very pleasing speaker also, but. the Maternity and • Infancy Division of I am sure she could not afford to go to the Children's Bureau. the conference unless her, expenses were 8 PAN-PACIFIC U NION BULLETIN

paid, so that would probably rule her Dr. Alice Hamilton of the Harvard out." University School of Public Health, "My dear Dr. Sabin : Boston, writes : "Since talking with you yesterday "Dear Dr. Appleton : afternoon concerning suggestions for a speaker on child health for the Hawaii- "I have your letter regarding the an Conference, the two following doc- plans of the Pan-Pacific Women's Con- tors have come to my mind as being ference, especially the program dealing admirably suited to such a program : with the health of women and children. Dr. Ruth Warner, pediatrist, Child I wish that I could help you with some Health Demonstration, Salem, Oregon, suggestions but it is impossible for me and Dr. Caroline Hedger, Medical As- to tell you of anyone who could at- sociate, Elizabeth McCormich Memorial tend the Conference and address it, and Fund, 848 North Dearborn Street, Chi- that, I take it, is what you want. I cago, Illinois. believe the best thing you could do is "I have consulted several members to write to Dr. L. Rajchman of the of our staff and they agree that either League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland, of these two physicians would present and consult him about it. He is thor- the subject in a significant and interest- oughly acquainted with the public ing manner. Both have charming per- health personnel of the countries bor- sonalities and are experienced speakers, dering on the Pacific and could doubt- in addition to having wide knowledge less advise you whom to ask and 'also of the work being done in child health what subjects are the most important in this country at the present time. in those countries." "Sincerely, "Anne Whitney." Dr. Edith Barrett of Melbourne, Australia, and Miss Janet Mitchell of Dr. Ellen S. Stadtmuller, Director, the Educational Department of the California State Board of Health, 335 Y. W. C. A. in Melbourne, were given State Bldg., San Francisco, writes as luncheons by the Women's Conference follows : Committee on the occasion of visits to "My dear Doctor Appleton : Hawaii, Miss Mitchell as a delegate to "In reply to your letter of December the Institute of Pacific Relations, and 22nd, naturally the local people who Dr. Barrett merely spending the day on are covering these particular subjects her return from the Quinquennial Con- come to my mind. Mrs. Katherine ference of the International Council of Edson, is the head of the Department Women in Washington. Both Dr. Bar- dealing with women in industry and is rett and Miss Mitchell gave very helpful a nationally known figure, as well as a advice and promised to work with the splendid speaker. Mrs. Amy Steinhart committee on their return to Australia. Braden is in charge of our welfare, other than child hygiene, in California. Mrs. S. Delpart-Veth, President, As- "Has any thought been given to sociation of Former Women University representing women in the Home ? You Students in Netherlands India, Pegan- have covered, very generally, the saan, Weltevreden, Java, has been com- women in public life but it would ap- municated with, and also H. R. H. Prin- pear that as the larger portion of cess Krom Luang Pejaburi and Miss women are home-makers some repre- Tard Prathupprasen, Waulang, Bang- sentation should be given to them at a kok, Siam, the latter the editor of a women's conference." popular magazine. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 9 Pan-Pacific Conferences to Come

The U. S. Government will call a Huber, S. B. Kemp, Rev. Philip Swartz, Pan-Pacific Educational, Recreation, Re- and others. With Justice Clarke was S. habilitation and Reclamation Confer- Fukushima, representative in Paris of ence to convene in Honolulu in 1927. the League of Nations association of The Japanese Government is calling Japan. Plans for the coming confer- the Third Pan-Pacific Science Congress ences were discussed among the men. to convene in Tokyo in the autumn of Justice Clarke expressed himself as 1926. much pleased with Honolulu and will The Pan-Pacific Union called the seriously consider wintering here and First Pan-Pacific Educational and the helping the work of the league of na- First Pan-Pacific Science Congress some tions society conference. years ago, then urging that the several Duncan Hall, who attended the Insti- Pacific governments continue the good tute of Pacific Relations conference and work. was a guest last summer at the Pan- The Pan-Pacific Union is now calling Pacific research institution is on his way together Pan-Pacific Conferences of to Honolulu, where he will again be a legal leaders in Pacific lands, heads of guest of the Pan-Pacific Union. He has League of Nations Societies in the Pa- led in the work of interesting Aus- cific, Red Cross workers, medical men, tralia in the Pan-Pacific League of Na- journalists, entomologists, Polynesians, tions Societies conference here, Australia and a Second Pan-Pacific Commercial having voted to send delegates. Hall will Conference. go on to Syracuse in June, where he will occupy a chair in the university. He will There will be a Pan-Pacific Women's confer with Justice Clarke in New York Conference in 1928, and a Pan-Pacific on the program of the Pan-Pacific Ethical Conference in 1929 to which will League of Nations Societies conference." be invited all of those who have taken (Honolulu Advertiser.) part in the conferences called by the New South Wales has taken the lead Pan-Pacific Union. The following item in Australia in endorsing the holding is from the local Honolulu press : of a conference of League of Nations "It is quite possible that John H. Society delegates in the Pan-Pacific Clarke, former associate justice of the area. The other states and New Zealand U. S. supreme court, and intimate of are also planning to cooperate. Canada the late Woodrow Wilson, may winter is giving helpful suggestions and co- next year in Hawaii and assist in the operation, while Japan intimates that if two conferences called by the Pan-Pa- America and Australia are enthusiastic cific Union of the bar associations and about holding the Conference, she will the league of nations societies in the gladly participate. Pacific. The Pan-Pacific Legal Conference will Justice Clarke was the guest of Alex- be held simultaneously with that of the ander Hume Ford, director of the Pan- League of Nations Societies of the Pa- Pacific Union while here on the Fran- cific. The American Bar Association conia. He lunched yesterday with the will send delegates, as will the legal as- leaders of the legal conference commit- sociations of other Pacific countries. tee of the union and with the local Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, Gov- representatives of the league of nations ernor of Hawaii and President of the societies, who are W. F. Frear, S. C. Pan-Pacific Union, together with Dr. 10 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN

Nils P. Larsen, Medical Director of the The Pan-Pacific Union is sending a Queens Hospital, Honolulu and of the questionnaire to the journalists of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, and Pacific on which the advisability of call- Dr. F. E. Trotter, are at this writing in ing a second Pan-Pacific Press Congress Washington, D. C. They are expected to is suggested to them. attend important Medical and Red The Women's Pan-Pacific Congress is Cross Conferences, bearing the invitation discussed at length elsewhere in this of the Pan-Pacific Union for Medical Bulletin. and Red Cross Conferences to be held Governor Wallace R. Farrington car- in Honolulu in 1929. Delegates will be ried to the Thirteenth National Foreign sent to the Congress of the Far Eastern Trade Convention in Charleston, S. C., Association of Tropical Medicine to be an invitation that the fourteenth or held in India in 1927, urging that the fifteenth such convention be held in next conference of that body be held in Honolulu and that to meet the American Honolulu in 1929 as a concluding step delegates the Pan-Pacific Union call a toward the organization of a Pan-Pacific second Pacific Commercial Congress of Medical Association. the leading business men from every Dr. Trotter will invite the State part of the Pacific. Boards of Health to meet in Honolulu as guests of the Pan-Pacific Union. It In 1928 the First Polynesian Con- would be expected that the president of ference is scheduled and the Pan-Pacific the Board of Health of each of the Union is working out the details of this United States would attend. Presidents with Polynesian groups throughout the of the Boards of Health, or their repre- Pacific. sentatives, in all Pacific lands, would be At the Pan-Pacific Research Institu- invited to attend and meet the American tion buildings in Honolulu a series of group. The invitation will be for the small group conferences are planned. year and season most suitable to the There is accommodation for about forty members of the American Board of and it is proposed to invite this number Health Associations. of representative men in various lines The entomologists of Hawaii are cor- of thought and action from Pacific lands responding with the International Ento- as guests of the Union and the Institute mological Association with a view to as guests for two weeks or a month, having the Fourth World Entomological that they may become thoroughly ac- Conference held in Honolulu in 1928, quainted and returning to their native making the Pan-Pacific section a feature. lands assist in the selection of delegates From time to time leading world en- who should attend the conferences of the tomologists are entertained as guests at Union. The first Pan-Pacific Confer- the Pan-Pacific Research Institution in ence was called in 1911 by the men who Honolulu, where the next entomological conference will most likely be held. organized the Pan-Pacific Union. The The First Pan-Pacific Press Congress idea of such conferences has swept the was held in Honolulu as a part of the Pacific until today many organizations World Press Congress in 1921. Another founded on the ideals promulgated by World Press Congress is to be held the Pan-Pacific Union, and even govern- in Geneva, Switzerland, Sept. 14 to 18, ments are calling and conducting Pan- of this year. The Pacific countries will Pacific conferences at the Ocean's cross- be represented. road city. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 11 A Third Pan-Pacific Educational Conference

The U. S. Government will father a and representatives of all Pacific na- third Pan-Pacific Educational Confer- tions and American possessions attend- ence to be held in Honolulu in April ing. or May, 1927. The first such Confer- "Governor Farrington of Hawaii, who ence was called by the Pan-Pacific is here, thinks the projected conference Union, with an appropriation from will be one of the biggest things in Ha- Congress and the invitations to foreign waiian history." governments transmitted for the Union Now that the Government has by the State Department. The Second spoken, it may not be out of place to Pan-Pacific Educational Conference was put what information the Pan-PaCific called by the Union as a section of the Union has on this subject before the World Educational Conference in San readers of the Bulletin. A year ago Francisco in 1923. For some time the Secretary of the Interior, Hubert Pan-Pacific Union has been hoping to Work, became interested in the plan have one of the Pacific governments and wrote to Governor Farrington of call a Third Pan-Pacific Educational Hawaii. The following letter there- Conference, and this will be done. fore explains itself : Recently the following cablegram August 31, 1925. was sent to the Honolulu Star-Bulletin To the Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, from its Washington, D. C., cor- Governor of Hawaii, respondent: Honolulu. "Washington, April 29. Official Your Excellency : authorization of a Pan-Pacific confer- As requested by you, I have prepared ence on education, reclamation and and enclose a brief tentative agenda for recreation, has been asked of the a Conference on National Recreation, Senate and House in resolutions in- Reclamation and Education. troduced by Senator Hiram Bingham These are subjects on which the Pan- of Connecticut and Delegate William P. Pacific Union has for some time been Jarrett of Hawaii. preparing to call conferences of the "The proposed conference, which representative authorities in Pacific would be held in Hawaii, has the ap- lands. proval of President Coolidge and Secre- Two years ago, as Director of the tary of State Kellogg. The budget Pan-Pacific Union, while in Washing- bureau favors a $20,000 appropriation ton, I entered into an agreement with for the preliminary work of the con- Stephen B. Mather, head of the Nation- ference, but has suggested legislative al Parks, to call a Pan-Pacific National authorization for the conference to Parks and Good Roads Conference here avoid objection to the appropriation. in Honolulu during January or Febru- "It is planned to hold the conference ary, 1927, it being then understood that next year with Secretary of the Interior Mr. Mather would attend the Confer- Hubert Work ; Elwood Mead, Commis- ence as its chairman. sioner of the Bureau of Reclamation ; I trust that a Pan-Pacific end of the John J. Tigert, Commissioner of Educa- Conference suggested to you by the tion ; Stephen T. Mather, Director of Secretary of the Interior may be added. the National Park Service ; possibly We could house and take care of the Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, foreign delegates at the Pan-Pacific 12 PAN-PACIFIC U NION BULLETIN

Research Institution, the two sets of ternational conferences, and is at your delegates having the advantage of com- disposal and at the service of the De- paring notes on the work accomplished partment of the Interior. May we ask in each Pacific country. if you will transmit this invitation to Had not the Department of the In- Washington ? terior taken Elwood Meade last year, Respectfully, he would have drawn up the agenda ALEXANDER HUME FORD, for the Reclamation Department of the Director, Pan-Pacific Union. Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Con- The following was the Agenda sub- ference and would have acted as its mitted by the Director of the Pan- chairman at the Food Conservation Con- Pacific Union after consultation with ference which urged that the Pan-Pa- the leading men in the realms of educa- Union call a further conference on tion, recreation and reclamation in reclamation problems of the Pacific. Hawaii. Might not these delegates be invited Suggested Agenda for a conference here to meet the American delegates to be called in Hawaii by the Secretary and at the same time hold the First of the Interior. Pan-Pacific Reclamation Conference ? A conference on National Recreation, We can take care of such foreign On National Reclamation and On Na- delegates at the Research Institution. tion Education. In calling our First Pan-Pacific Edu- NATIONAL RECREATION cational Conference we had the hearty National Parks and Monuments ; help and cooperation of Dr. Tigert, their purposes and uses : chief of the Department of Education 1. Accommodations—H o t e 1 s, rest of the United States, and had he not houses, camps, camping grounds, auto then but recently assumed office, would grounds, etc. have had him as chairman of the 2. Amusements—Fishing, game s, Conference. Might we not now invite dancing. the chief educators from Pacific lands 3. Allurements—T ramping trips, to a Second Pan-Pacific Educational horseback journeys, auto parties, nature Conference here, to meet the American study, photography, radio. educators ? We can also take care of 4. Transportation—In the parks and these foreign delegates at the Research to the parks : Bus lines, auto routes, Institution. railways, possible air service, transpor- With the three logical heads of the tation between national parks seasons. Conference on Recreation, Reclamation, 5. Publicity—Press, publication, ad- and Education, probably coming to Ha- vertising, Tourist and Information waii, I earnestly hope that you may Bureaus and their methods. put before the Department of the In- 6. Good Roads. terior the strong desire of the Pan- 7. Pish, Game and Forest Protec- Pacific Union to cooperate and express tion. its hopes that the Pan-Pacific Confer- 8. Additional National and State ences and those questions may be held Parks—Need of Recreation Parks and at the same time with it, and if it is Auto Parks. possible, the Secretary of the Interior NATIONAL RECLAMATION as general chairman. 1. Hydraulic Power—its conserva- The office force and staff of the Pan- tion and Uses. Pacific Union is well equipped and ex- 2. Irrigation. perienced in calling and handling in- 3. Land settlement. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 13

4. Uses of geology and geological 4. Vocational training ; community surveys in directing intelligent con- centers, etc. servation. 5. Educational Relations : 5. Reforestation. (a) Education and mutual under- Agenda suggested for the discussion standing. of topographic maps in connection with (b) Education and industry. education, reclamation and recreation. (c) Education and science. A. Education: (d) Exchange of Instructors and a. Use of topographic maps in con- students. nection with the study of Physical (e) International Education Relations. Geography in our educational in- It is suggested that the Pan-Pacific stitutions. might invite directly, or through the 1. Need for more accurate maps Department of the Interior certain in our school geographies. recognized authorities from Pacific lands 2. Teaching the students how to to visit Hawaii at the time of this con- read topographic maps. ference to meet the delegate from b. The importance of topographic America and to exchange experiences maps in the study of Geology. and information with them. c. Teaching the public the importance The governments of the Pacific are of topographic maps in road beginning to carry out the recommenda building, drainage of farm tions of the Pan-Pacific Union that they lands, etc. call together leading men in all lines B. Reclamation: of thought and action in the Pan-Pacific a. Necessity of having topographic area for better understanding and to maps before reclamation projects plan cooperative effort. can be worked out. The Pan-Pacific Union called and b. Need for these maps in connection financed, with the aid of the United with proper administration of States, Australia, New Zealand, Siam, reclamation projects. China, Japan, and Hawaii, the First C. Recreation: Pan-Pacific Science Congress, which a. The value of adequate topographic met in Honolulu in 1920. The maps in guiding the public to Australian Government called the second places of recreation. such conference which met in Melbourne b. Need for these maps in the es- and Sydney in 1923, and the Japanese tablishment and proper adminis- Government is calling and financing the tration of our national and city Third Pan-Pacific Science Congress playgrounds. which convenes in Tokyo this autumn. NATIONAL, EDUCATION The Third Pan-Pacific Educational 1. Education as to the value of ge- Conference will be entirely under the ography, travel and recreation. auspices of the U. S. Government and 2. Education as to value and limit of the Pan-Pacific Union cordially offers natural resources. any service it can perform or any co- 3. Visual Education, through the mo- operation which it may be called upon tion film, etc. to render. 14 PAN-PACIFIC U NION BULLETIN A World Meet of Educators in the Pacific for 1929

Apropos of the Pan-Pacific Educa- Europe, to hold this meeting in the tional Conference to be called by the Americas, the next one somewhere to U. S. Government to meet in Honolulu the west, either to Honolulu or to in 1927, the following letter from the Peking or Tokyo, and the one follow- President of the World Federation of ing somewhere in Europe—Paris, Gen- Educators is of interest : eva or Brussels. "Augusta, Maine, "It was necessary to decide the place April 1, 1926. of meeting very soon and it will also "Dear Mr. Ford : be necessary to determine the dates "It is very gratifying to get your without delay as a great many people letter of March 15th and to learn that are beginning to get ready to attend. you have succeeded in securing We want this to be a great meeting. Mr. Kurokawa as head of your educa- We hope many of your people from the tional work. I trust you will find him Islands will attend. They always have just the man to carry on that branch. a fine spirit and develop the right brand "While I was in Washington, I had of enthusiasm. This has made me a talk with Mr. Stuart, I believe, who really want to come to your beautiful gave me his card but I seem to have islands. I hope some day I may have misplaced it and consequently cannot the pleasure of doing so. write him. Mr. Stuart was very anxious "It is kind of you to suggest the prop- to have the World Federation meet in osition of my coming to Honolulu to Honolulu, as also were several others. assist you in the Pan-Pacific Educa- Personally, I should like tremendously tional Conference. If such a movement to go to the 'Cross-roads of the Pacific' were undertaken and came at a time with an educational gathering. We when I could get away, I should be would have a large attendance from glad to lend my assistance to the cause. the United States and also from the I have been interested in your Pan- Orient but after corresponding with Pacific work for many years and have the European directors of the Federa- often thought I should be glad for an tion, they seemed to think it was out opportunity to attend one of your of the question for them to go that dis- meetings. You had a fine group at San tance this year. They would have to Francisco three years ago. cross two oceans and the broad con- "Cordially yours, tinent. We have since had the votes "AUGUSTUS 0. THOMAS, of the directors and have decided to "Commissioner, Dept. of Education, hold the next meeting in Toronto, State of Maine." which was satisfactory to the European The World Federation of Educators directors of the Federation. Toronto will be invited to meet in Honolulu in received the large majority of votes. 1929, when it is hoped that every "The plan now seems to be, since we Pacific country will send a strong dele- have already held one meeting in gation of educators. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 15 Merle Davis in Japan

In the Mid-Pacific Magazine is pub- clear and understood by everyone. I lished the splendid address before the am sending you a copy of the Japan Tokyo Pan-Pacific Club of Merle Times which reported a good part of Davis, Executive Secretary of the Insti- my talk in some detail. I trust that tute of Pacific Relations. The follow- this statement meets with your under- ing letter to the Director of the Pan- standing of the matter. Pacific Union is illustrative of the You have certainly enlisted a remark- friendly cooperation between the Union able group of leaders here in Tokyo. and the Institute It would be hard to exaggerate the Tokyo, April 13th, 1926. value for international understanding and cooperation which this work has Dear Mr. Ford : already accomplished. For one thing I thank you heartily for your letter the Pan-Pacific Club has prepared the of March 25th and am glad to know way for an instant and hearty approval that you approve of my reference to of most of its members of the work of you in the Bulletin of International the Institute of Pacific Relations. Conciliation. I feel that much more The leaders of the Pan-Pacific Club than that might have been said. here seem to be greatly interested in I am tremendously indebted to you the coming Scientific Congress. They for your splendid introductions here in are keenly looking forward to your Tokyo. I have already used most of presence at that time. You have a them and they have opened very im- great many wonderfully staunch portant doors for me in many direc- friends here. Before leaving Japan tions. I am to see Prince Tokugawa and after I have met more of your in two or three days. leaders I will write you further of my Mr. Kawai, Secretary of the House impressions of the general situation. of Peers, has been especially kind in Our Institute Committee has ap- arranging interviews and introductions. pointed one of Japan's strongest men, He invited me to address the Pan- Mr. J. Inouye, former Minister of Pacific Club last week and I had the Finance and Governor of the Bank of pleasure of meeting about 100 members Japan, as Chairman of the Executive of the Club at luncheon in the Imperial Committee. He is also elected as Hotel. Count Kabiyama and Mr. Japan's representative upon the Pacific Tsukiyama, a young lawyer of Hono- Council of the Institute. lulu, were the other speakers. In this With best wishes and again thanking talk to the Pan-Pacific Club I out- you for your great help here in Tokyo, lined in some detail the relationship I am, between the Institute and the Union. Sincerely yours, I think that the statement was pretty J. MERLE DAVIS. 16 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN The Pan-Pacific Lions Club of Honolulu

The Lions Club International at a ing in Honolulu. The Pan-Pacific recent meeting of its directors in Union has acted wisely in sponsoring Chicago granted special dispensation this experiment in bringing together for the organization of a Pan-Pacific weekly around the festive board men of Lions Club in Honolulu, this Club each race in each classification of to be open to men of all Pacific races, business—physicians, merchants, con- one from each race and classification of tractors, clergymen, and social workers, business. These members will have who are racially Anglo-Saxons, Japa- equal footing in and a cordial welcome nese, Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, Rus- by the thousand or more Lion Lunch- sians, and even Malays, but who all eon Clubs in the cities of America. seek a common code of ethics, and that The tan-colored Lions from the Ho- a high one. nolulu den will have a forum for pub- There are fundamental ethics in lic expression in practically every city Chinese business life that have made of America. This is the first of the that race respected everywhere for com- great service clubs in America to actu- mercial honesty ; the Japanese have ally, not theoretically, let down the their code of honor in bushido, which color bars. It means much for honest is founded on true chivalry ; the expression of opinion in America from Americans and the Australians have men familiar with Pacific affairs, and their ethical codes, and each of these the Pacific is now the theater of the possess excellent ethical features the world's commerce, while tributary to others might well adopt. its shores lives more than half of the Here is something, this Pan-Pacific human race. Lion's Club, that should claim the The weekly luncheons of the Pan- serious consideration of every thought- Pacific Lions Club of Honolulu are ful Oriental, especially those who are held at the Pan-Pacific Club House in Americans by birth or sympathy : at that city on Tuesdays. Visiting mem- once it opens up to every Oriental bers of Pan-Pacific Clubs will always member of the Honolulu club a thou- be welcomed. sand forums on the mainland in which The following editorial appeared re- he is promised a cordial welcome and cently in the Honolulu Advertiser.: the right hand of fellowship. Serious "A little nonsense now and then is men of Anglo-Saxon stock in Hawaii relished by the best of men." There is are lining up behind this movement, just enough of the tang of suggestion extending their hands to their brothers in the name "Pan-Pacific Lions' Club" in business of other races. It will be to make it reminiscent of the Lion interesting to note how willing the Ori- Tamers' Club of comic strip fame. ental will be to take his step forward. The Kiwanis, Rotary, and Lions In- In the Pan-Pacific Lions Club doubt- ternational are all luncheon clubs for less there will be the usual singing of fun and service, known in every large songs prior to the serious portion of city in America. Each is called In- the program. Perhaps here men may ternational, but the Lions seem to be become in time familiar with each the first to really throw open the doors other's national anthems, and perhaps of its membership to men of all races, to love them—why not ? Men will eat and this, by special dispensation, for together, laugh together, sing together, Honolulu only. then plan together. The light and the Perhaps this is the real serious step serious will be ever near each other, toward better community understand- and so it is with the big things of life." ADVERTISING SECTION

THE MID-PACIFIC 1

M.S. "Aorangi," Queen of the Pacific. From Vancouver via Honolulu, Suva, Auckland to Sydney The Canadian-Australasian Royal Mail Union Steam Ship Co. boats for other line of steamers maintains a regular cruises. four-weekly service by palatial steamers The Niagara of the Canadian-Austra- between the Canadian-Pacific Railway lasian Royal Mail Line is one of the terminus at Vancouver, B. C., and Syd- finest vessels afloat on the Pacific. The ney, Australia, via Honolulu, Suva, Fiji, M.S. "Aorangi," the largest motorship in and Auckland, New Zealand. the world, makes the trip from Vancouver to Sydney in about three weeks. In itself this is a South Sea cruise de Either from Australia or Canada luxe, but at Suva one may rest a bit, there are tempting visits across the Pa- cruise by local steamer among the Fi- cific via the South Sea Islands. From jian Islands, then take a Union Steam Australia this is the richest and most Ship Co. of New Zealand palatial flyer comfortable route to London and the for a visit to Samoa, Tonga, and New European Continent. Zealand, or if the trip by the Canadian- Both the Canadian-Australasian Royal Australasian vessel is continued to Auck- Mail Line and the Union Steam Ship Co. land, here again by the Union Steam Ship of New Zealand have offices in the chief Co. vessels are cruised to every part of cities of the Pacific. In Honolulu, Theo. New Zealand, to the Cook Islands, or to H. Davies & Co., Ltd., are the agents. Tahiti. In fact, one may return by The steamers of these lines are famous these steamers to San Francisco via for their red smokestacks. In fact, this Papeete, Tahiti, with a stop-over at the affiliated company is known as the Red famous French possession. Funnel Line. The red funnel is familiar If the trip from Vancouver is con- in every port of Australia and the tinued to its terminus, Sydney, here South Seas, to say nothing of California again one may secure bookings on the and Pacific Canada. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC

AROUND ABOUT HONOLULU

The Moana Hotel at Waikiki

The Territorial Hotel Company, Ltd., gathers baggage from every part of the maintains the splendid tourist hotel at city for delivery to the out-going Waikiki Beach, the Moana, facing the steamers. This company receives and surf, as well as the Seaside family puts in storage, until needed, excess bag- hotel nearby. Down town it conducts gage of visitors to Honolulu and finds the world-known Alexander Young many ways to serve its patrons. Hotel.

The Honolulu Rapid Transit Co. The Honolulu Motor Coach Co., Ltd., has brought Schofield Barracks maintains an electric train system to within hourly service of Honolulu. practically every portion of the city. The busses leave on schedule time The cars pass all of the hotels, so that from the office in the yard of the visitors may reach the city, mountains, Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. on Hotel or the beach by the commodious open Street, stopping at the Young Hotel. cars of the company, from which there These spacious safety coaches are is an ever-moving panorama of moun- splendidly equipped and travelers enjoy tain, sea, and valley, besides visions of every comfort and security during the the loveliest city in the Pacific. delightful ride. Round the island and other trips can be arranged by calling Ishii's Gardens, Pan-Pacific Park, on phone 3666. Kuakini street, near Nuuanu avenue, constitute one of the finest Japanese tea gardens imaginable. Here some wonder- The Oahu Ice & Cold Storage Com- ful Japanese dinners are served, and pany has spacious buildings at Hustace visitors are welcomed to the gardens at and Cooke streets. It receives all kinds of fruits, meats and vegetables, where all times. Adjoining these gardens are they may be kept in perfect condition the wonderful Liliuokalani gardens and for months at negligible cost and always the series of waterfalls. Phone 5611. ready to be drawn upon. This Com- pany has erected buildings for its cold The City Transfer Company at 833 storage service that are a credit to any Nuuanu Street has its motor trucks city and are well worth a visit. Tele- meet all incoming steamers and it phone No. 6131.

ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 3 I THE CONTINENT OF AUSTRALIA I Sixty million people living at the more than seven thousand feet in Anglo-Saxon standard of existence height, on the slopes of which in win- might find happy homes on the ocean ter all Australia goes skiing ; and in fringe of the great island continent of summer the adjacent streams provide Australia. trout fishing equal to any in the world. Within a comparatively few miles of Victoria is perhaps the garden state the ocean which every Anglo-Saxon of Australia and here is located the loves, Australia has a wealth of re- present seat of government, Melbourne sources and scenery equal to that of the magnificent. Victoria has her famed

Every Australian state has its mountain scenery. any country in the world. This is the mountain and seaside resorts, as has wool, wheat and cattle country par ex- South Australia, the adjoining state, cellence. Here grow trees that marvel with Adelaide the beautiful as its in height those of the giant groves of capital. From this city to Perth, the California. In Queensland to the north capital of West Australia, more than is a vast natural hothouse where every two thousand miles distant, is a straight- fruit of the tropics may be grown. away track almost without a curve, and from the train may sometimes be seen From Sydney, a city of a million, the Australian aboriginal and his boom- now building the world's greatest erang in action. bridge across its incomparable harbor, it Tasmania, Australia's island state, is is but sixty miles by rail or motor to reached by steamers from Sydney, Mel- the wondrous Blue Mountains, in which bourne and New Zealand ports. It is the world's greatest limestone caverns the apple and fruit orchard of the and Jenolan Caves are to be found. southern hemisphere, and about Hobart, In New South Wales also is Mt. its capital, is some of the finest moun- Kosciusko, Australia's highest peak, tain and forest scenery ADVT. 4 THE MID-PACIFIC Home Hotels in Honolulu

The Donna Hotel, 1286 S. Beretania, is delightfully situated within ten min- utes' ride from the center of Honolulu. Here, amidst the surroundings of a sub- tropical park, one may enjoy all the comforts of home. The rooms in the main buildings or in one of the attrac- tive screened cottages are cheery, well- furnished, and have hot and cold run- ning water. The delicious home cooked meals are served at little cozy tables which are grouped about an artistical- The Halekulani Hotel and Bunga- ly decorated open lanai. Permanent lows, 2199 Kalia Road, "on the Beach rates are $65 a month or $3.00 a day at Waikiki." Famous hau tree lanai and up. along the ocean front. Rates, from $4.00 per day to $100.00 per month and up, Gray's by the Sea is one of the most American plan. Clifford Kimball. delightful estates facing the surf at Waikiki, a desirable family hotel in tropical surroundings. Cottages for two, three or four may be had at moderate At Child's Blaisdell Hotel and Restau- prices, with the very best of sea bath- rant, at Fort Street and Chaplain Lane, ing right at the door. Tourists as well Child's Hotels and Apartment Service as permanent guests receive a cordial accommodations are masters at getting welcome. La Vancha M. Gray, pro- you settled in real home-like style. If you prietor. wish to live in town there is the Child's Blaisdell Hotel in the very heart of the The MacDonald Hotel is a stately city, with the palm garden restaurant mansion surrounded by cottages amid where everything is served from a sand- sub-tropical foliage. It is located at wich to an elegant six-course dinner. 1402 Punahou Street in the great resi- dence district of Honolulu. There are Then on one of the choice spots of tennis courts on the grounds, and the Waikiki Beach there is Child's Pierpoint transient as well as the permanent resi- Hotel, American plan—and the Child dent has here all the comforts of home Marigold Apartments, which are com- at the reasonable rates of $3 a day or pletely furnished little beach homes in $65 a month. The guests enjoy deli- themselves. cious home-cooked meals, which are also served to outsiders. This hotel is near Central Union Church and Oahu Col- lege. Vida Villa Hotel and cottages are on the King street car line above Thomas The Colonial Hotel and cottages on Square. This is the ideal location for Emma street are in the midst of a de- those who go to the city in the morn- lightful residence park district, on the ing and to the beach or golfing in the car line, but within a moment's walk afternoon. The grounds are spacious of the business center of the city. An and the rates reasonable. This hotel has excellent cuisine under skilled direction been under the same management for a is maintained. Historic Honolulu is score of years, which speaks for itself. also but a moment's walk from the Both transient tourists and permanent Colonial, and it is but a brief stroll to guests are welcomed. the hills.

ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 5 WONDERFUL NEW ZEALAND

Scenically New Zealand is the world's wonderland. There is no other place in the world that offers such an aggrega- tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are in every way more magnificent and awe- inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. New Zealand was the first country to perfect the government tourist bureau. She has built hotels and rest houses throughout the Dominion for the bene- fit of the tourist. New Zealand is splen- didly served by the Government Rail- ways, which sell the tourist for a very low rate, a ticket that entitles him to travel on any of the railways for from one to two months. Direct information may be secured by writing to the New Zealand Department of Tourist and Health Resorts, Wellington, New Zea- land. An ancient Maori stockade

SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY

South Manchuria Railway Company Cheap Overland Tours

Travellers and Tourists journeying Modern Hotels under the Company's between Tokyo and Peking should management are established on foreign travel via the South Manchuria Rail- lines at Mukden, Changchun, Port Ar- way, which runs from Antung to Muk- den and passes through magnificent thur, Dairen and Hoshigaura (Star scenery. At Mukden the line connects Beach). with the Peking Mukden Line and the Illustrated booklets and all informa- Mail line of the South Manchuria Rail- way, running from Dairen to Chang- tion post free on request from the South chun where connection is made with Manchuria Railway Company. the Chinese Eastern Railway for Har- bin. DAIREN Branch Offices : Tokyo, Osaka, Shi- The ordinary daily trains have sleep- ing accommodation. Steamer connec- monoseki, Shanghai, Peking, Harbin tions between Dairen, Tsingtao and and New York. Shanghai by the Dairen Kisen Kaisha's excellent passenger and mail steamers. Cable Address : "MANTETSU" or Wireless telegraphy and qualified doc- "SMRCO." CODES : A.B.C. 5th, 6th ors on board. Ed., Al ., Lieber's and Bentley's. ADVT. 5 THE MID-PACIFIC LEADING AUTOMOBILES IN HAWAII

The P. M. Pond Company, with spa- The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd., Im- cious quarters on Beretania and Alapai porters, Machinery Merchants, and lead- streets, act as distributors of the sturdy, ing automobile dealers, have their offices low-priced car for the tropics, of the and store in the Alexander Young finest quality, the Studebaker Standard Building, at the corner of King and Six Duplex Phaeton, the most powerful Bishop streets, and their, magnificent car for its size and weight, with roller automobile salesroom and garage just side enclosures giving protection in in the rear, facing on Alakea Street. stormy weather by a move of the hand. Here one may find almost anything. The cash price of this exclusive car in Phone No. 6141. Honolulu is $1,485.00. The Royal Hawaiian Sales Co., with agencies in Honolulu, Hilo and Wailuku, The Universal Motor Co., Ltd., with has its spacious headquarters on Hotel spacious new buildings at 444 S. Bere- and Alakea streets, Honolulu. This tania street, Phone 2397, is agent for company is agent for the Oldsmobile the Ford car. All spare parts are kept Six, a perfectly balanced six-cylinder in stock and statements of cost of re- car, sold in Honolulu at $1,135, giving pairs and replacements are given in ad- the highest kind of service at a very vance so that you know just what the amount moderate price. The Royal Hawaiian. will be. The Ford is in a class Sales Co. is also the agency for the by itself. The most economical and famous Chevrolet, the lowest-priced of least expensive motor car in the world. all real automobiles. The Graystone Garage, Ltd., at Bere- The Schuman Carriage -Co., besides tania and Punchbowl streets, is agent handling the Ford car, is agent for the for several exclusive cars : the Paige, Essex car, Honolulu price $1,105, and the most beautiful car in America ; the the Hudson Super-Six, Honolulu price Jewett, "in all the world no car like $1,575. The Hudson-Essex is now the this"; the Willys-Knight, a marvel of largest selling six-cylinder car in the engineering in every detail, and the world. On the island of Maui the Schu- Overland, with bigger engine, bigger man Carriage Co. is represented at Wai- power, bigger comfort and bigger value luku by the Maui Motors Co., and on than any. All of these cars may be seen Kauai by the Garden Island Motor Co., and examined at the spacious ware- Li hue. rooms.

The Hupmobile, fours and eights, is The Chrysler Four and Six Cylinder represented in Honolulu by Burgess & Cars, the culmination of all past ex- Johnson, Ltd., 237-243 S. Beretania periences in building automobiles, is Street. This is the first time Hupmo- represented in Hawaii by the Honolulu bile has made a Six Cylinder and the Motors, Ltd., 85o S. Beretania street. motor-car buying public should see this The prices of Four Cylinder Cars range car before making a decision on anoth- from $1200 to $1445 and those of the er make of car in its class. This firm Six from $1745 to $2500. The Chryslers also represents the Pierce-Arrow Motor are meeting with remarkable sales rec- Car Co. and the Reo Motor Car Co. In ords as a distinct departure in motor tires they find Mohawk Heavy-Duty cars. Cords go farther.

ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC

The Lewers 8r Cooke schooner " Alice Cooke" unloading lumber. Lewers & Cooke, Limited, have, since They are also agents for many build- 1852, been headquarters for all varieties ing specialties, Celotex, Colormix, Bish- of building material, lumber, hollow opric Stucco, corrugated Zinc, Los tile, cement, brick, hardwoods, oak Angeles Pressed Brick Company prod- flooring ; as well as tools of the leading ucts and architectural Terra Cotta, manufacturers, wall papers, Armstrong United States Metal Products Company linoleums, domestic and oriental rugs, Steel Windows, the Kawneer Company and the superior paints made by W. P. line, and prepared roofings and roofing Fuller & Co. tile. OAHU RAILWAY AND LAND COMPANY I

Loading sugar cane on one of the Plantations on the line of the Oahu Railway—the scenic route around the island from Honolulu. ADVT. 8 THE MID-PACIFIC MODERN BANKING IN HONOLULU

NEW HOME BANK OF BISHOP & CO., LTD. The S. M. Damon Building pictured above is occupied by the Bank of Bishop & Co., the oldest bank in the Territory. Organized in 1858, the name Bishop & Co. has long been known by travelers for its service and welcome. Bishop Street, Honolulu, T. H.

The First National Bank of Hawaii Liberty Loan drives and thrift cam- demonstrates the many ways in which paigns in which its President, Mr. L. a bank can serve. It has recently Tenney Peck, served as chairman of the moved into its own building, one of the Territorial Central Committee. architectural splendors of Honolulu, on Bishop and Fort Streets, where both the The Bank of Hawaii, Limited, incor- First National Bank of Hawaii and the porated in 1897, has reflected the solid, substantial growth of the islands since First American Savings and Trust the period of annexation to the United Company of Hawaii, Ltd., closely affili- States. Over this period its resources ated with the First National Bank and have grown to be the largest of any functioning as a savings bank, are con- financial institution in the islands. In tinuing their growing business in a 1899 a savings department was added home built to meet ,their exact require- to its other banking facilities. Its home ments. business office is at the corner of Fort It was less than four months after and Merchant streets, and it maintains Hawaii became a territory of the United branches on the islands of Hawaii, States that the First National Bank of Kauai, and Oahu, enabling it to give to the public an extremely efficient Bank- Hawaii opened its doors. During the ing Service. It will shortly erect on war the First National Bank played a Bishop street, opposite the Alexander prominent part in furthering the inter- Young Hotel, a new bank building to ests of the government in the various become its permanent home. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 9

THE WORLD'S MOST DELICIOUS PINEAPPLE Canned Hawaiian Pineapple is con- cooking. It is identical with the sliced sidered by epicures to possess the finest in quality and is canned by th' same flavor in the world. Because of exceed- careful sanitary methods. ingly favorable conditions in soil and Many tasty recipes for servir g Hawai- climate, and remarkable facilities for ian Pineapple in delicious desserts, salads canning immediately the sun-ripened and refreshing drinks are suggested in a fruit, the Hawaiian product has attained recipe book obtainable without cost at a superiority enjoyed by no other canned the Association of Hawaiian Pineapple fruit. Canners, P.O. Box 3166, Honolulu. Crushed Hawaiian Pineapple is meet- Readers are urged to write, asking for ing favor because of its convenience in this free book.

FERTILIZING THE SOIL Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with large works and warehouses in Honolulu, imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the isl- ands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed, This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others.

. ADVT. 10 THE MID-PACIFIC Banking and Business in Honolulu

The Hawaiian Trust Company, Lim- The Bishop Trust Company, Limited, ited, of Honolulu, is the oldest and larg- is one of the oldest and largest Trust est trust company in the Territory of Companies in Hawaii. It now shares Hawaii. How successful it has become with the Bishop Bank its new home on may be gathered from the fact that it Bishop, King and Merchant Sts., known has real and personal property under as the S. M. Damon Building, jointly its control and management with ap- owned and occupied by the Bishop proximate value of $40,000,000. Trust Trust Company, Ltd., and the Bank of companies in Hawaii are not permitted Bishop & Co., Ltd. One of the many to transact commercial banking business attractive features of its new quarters and their financial resources therefore is the Safe Deposit Vaults which are do not loom up commensurate with the largest, strongest and most conve- trust figures. The resources of this nient in the Territory. organization as of December 31, 1925 amounted to $3,300,099.04 with capital of $1,250,000 ; surplus $750,000 ; special The Henry Waterhouse Trust Co., reserve, $50,000, and undivided profits Ltd., was established in 1897 by Henry of $127,103.84, making a total capitaliza- Waterhouse, son of a pioneer, incor- tion of $3,300,099.04. Mr. E. D. Tenney porated under the present name in 1902, is chairman and president and Mr. J. Mr. Robert Shingle becoming president, R. Galt is senior vice-president and and Mr. A. N. Campbell treasurer of manager. the corporation. The company now has a paid-up capital of $200,000 and a sur- The International Trust Company, plus of an almost equal amount. The with offices on Merchant street, is, as spacious quarters occupied by the Henry its name indicates, a really Pan-Pacific Waterhouse Trust Co., Ltd., are on the financial organization, with leading corner of Fort and Merchant streets. American and Oriental business men conducting its affairs. Its capital stock is $200,000 with resources of over The Liberty Investment Company, $300,000. It also conducts a real estate Ltd., at 942 Bethel Street, does a busi- Department. ness in real estate, insurance loans and investments. It has successfully handled The Union Trust Company, Ltd., oc- some of the choicest divisions in Hawaii, cupying a building on Alakea street, be- including beautiful seaside coconut groves tween Hotel and King (1025 Alakea that have been cut up into choice build- street), was incorporated in 1921, en- ing lots as well as city tracts that have gages in all lines of trust business, and been transformed into new residence as agents for individuals, firms and cor- areas for those who wish to own their porations, invites correspondence. Its own homes at a moderate price. resources are well over a million.

The Trent Trust Company, with spa- The Pacific Trust Company, Ltd., in cious offices on Fort street, grew from Honolulu, and the Baldwin Bank, Ltd., the real estate and general agency busi- Kahului and Wailuku, Maui, are allied ness established in 1904 by Richard H. institutions. Combined, they own assets Trent, known as the Trent Company. worth over three and a half million dol- It was incorporated in 1907 under its lars. The Pacific Trust Company has present name. With it is closely asso- its offices at 180 Merchant street and ciated the Mutual Building and Loan does a growing business under the care- Society, which promotes and finances ful management of a band of Honolulu's. the building of homes. leading business men. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 11

The Home Building in Honolulu of the American Factors, Ltd., Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants.

Tasseled sugar cane almost ready for the cutting and crushing at the mills.

\- T. 12 THE MID-PACIFIC ON FASHIONABLE FORT STREET

The commodious and palatial sales- your mansion, or a tiny upright Boudoir rooms of Jeffs Fashion Co., Incorpor- for your cottage ; and if you are a tran- ated, Honolulu's leading establishment sient it will rent you a piano. The Berg- for women who set the pace in modern strom Music Company, phone 2321. dress, is at the Mauka (Mountainward) Ewa corner of Fort and Beretania The Sonora Shop, 1158 Fort Street, Streets, where all cars pass. This is handles high grade pianos and Sonora the head and beginning of Honolulu's Phonographs, together with a full line of Victor, Vocalion and Odeon Records great shopping area on Fort Street. At by the best orchestras in Europe ; but "Jeffs" the fashions in women's dress its specialty is the new Pathex Motion in Honolulu are set, and here the tourist Picture Camera and Projector. The and visitor may outfit and be sure of Pathex Camera takes motion pictures appearing in the latest styles. just as easily and at no greater cost Diagonally across the street from than taking photographs, and you can "Jeffs" is The Hawaii Photo Mate- screen them in your own home with rials Co., the home of the "Brownie your Pathex Projector. Camera and Camera," and every supply in films and Projector complete with tripod and car- photographs which the purchaser can rying case, $102.50. conceive. Here may be secured the The Bailey Furniture Co., Ltd., are wonderful color photos of Hawaii that now displaying at their store, 118o Fort have made the islands famous. Street, the finest line of furniture and The Office Supply Co., Ltd., on Fort draperies that Honolulu has ever seen. street near King, is as its name denotes, Their drapery department is under the the perfectly equipped store where every able management of Mr. Moreido. He is kind of office furniture and supplies a master Interior Decorator and is al- are on display. This is the home of ways pleased to submit plans for mak- the Remington typewriter and of type- ing your home "A Better Home." The writer repairing. Offices are completely famous Nachman Mattress is also a fea- outfitted at quickest notice. The Com- ture of this store. Try a Nachman for pany also maintains an up-to-date com- better sleep. pletely stocked sporting goods depart- The "Flower Shop," at 1120 Fort ment. Street, is Honolulu's leading floral es- There is one East Indian Store in Ho- tablishment. It is a complete palace nolulu, and it has grown to occupy spa- of flowers and well worth a visit, or you cious quarters on Fort Street, No. 1150 may call No. 2690 and have the choicest Fort, Phone No. 2571. This is the head- flowers sent to departing friends on the quarters for Oriental and East Indian boat, or to acquaintances at home or in curios as well as of Philippine embroid- the hotels, or to weddings or funerals. eries, home-made laces, Manila hats, The choicest gardens in Hawaii supply Oriental silks, pongees, carved ivories "The Flower Shop," and any flowers and Indian brass ware. An hour may grown in the islands may be ordered. well be spent in this East Indian Bazaar examining the art wares of Oriental E. 0. Hall & Son, Hawaii's oldest beauty. and most reliable establishment, carries Bergstrom Music Company, the lead- a large selection of golf and sporting ing music store in Hawaii, is on King goods, athletic outfitting, general hard- ware, household goods, and are distribu- and Fort streets. No home is complete tors for the Sherwin-Williams line of in Honolulu without an ukulele, a piano paints. Their fishing tackle department and a Victor talking machine. The carries a very fine line of deep sea rods, Bergstrom Music Company, with its big reels and lines of the finest manufac- store on Fort street, will provide you ture. The big retail store is at the with these, a Chickering, a Weber for corner of Fort and Merchant Streets. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 13 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN

A canefield in Hawaii years ago when the ox team was in use. The firm of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., Union Insurance Society of Canton, (known by everyone as "A. & B.") is Ltd., New Zealand Insurance Co., Ltd., looked upon as one of the most progres- Switzerland Marine Insurance Co. sive American corporations in Hawaii. The officers of this large and progres- Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents sive firm, all of whom are staunch sup- for the largest sugar plantations of the porters of the Pan-Pacific and other Hawaiian Islands and second largest in movements which are for the good of the world, namely, the Hawaiian Com- Hawaii, are as follows : mercial & Sugar Company at Puunene, Officers : W. M. Alexander, President ; Maui. They are also agents for many H. A. Baldwin, Vice-President ; J. other plantations and concerns of the Waterhouse, Vice-President ; W. 0. Islands, among which are the Maui Smith, Vice-President ; C. R. Hemen- Agricultural Company, Ltd., Hawaiian way, Vice-President ; J. P. Cooke, Treas- Sugar Company, McBryde Sugar Com- urer ; R. T. Rolph, Assistant-Treasur- pany, Ltd., Kahului Railroad Company, er ; R. G. Bell, Assistant-Treasurer ; R. Kauai Railway Company, Ltd., Baldwin E. Mist, Secretary ; D. L. Olsen., As- Packers, Ltd., Kauai Fruit & Land sistant-Secretary ; G. G. Kinney, Audit Company, Ltd., Haleakala Ranch Co., or. Directors : W. M. Alexander, H. and Ulupalakua Ranch, Ltd. A. Baldwin., J. Waterhouse, W. 0. In addition to their extensive sugar Smith, C. R. Hemenway, F. F. Bald- plantations, they are also agents for the win, J. R. Galt, H. K. Castle, E. R. following well-known and strong in- Adams, R. T. Rolph, S. S. Peck, J. P. surance companies : American Alliance Winne, J. P. Cooke. Insurance Association, Ltd., Common- Besides the home office in the Stan- wealth Insurance Company, Home In- genwald Building, Honolulu, Alexander surance Company of New York, Newark & Baldwin, Ltd., maintain offices in Fire Insurance Company, Springfield Seattle, in the Melhorn Building and in Fire and Marine Insurance Company, the Matson Building, San Francisco. ADVT. 14 THE MID-PACIFIC INFORMATION ON HAWAII I Honolulu Paper Company, successor Love's Hawaiian Fruit Cake is the to "The Hawaiian News Co.," deals output of Love's Bakery in Honolulu. in Books of Hawaii. At Honolu- Its fame extends around the world. lulu's largest and most fashionable book Made of Hawaiian fresh tropical fruit store, in the Alexander Young Building, it has a distinctive flavor that recalls all the latest books may be secured, es- the papaias, mangoes, guavas, and pine- pecially those dealing with Hawaii. apples that it contains. It is mailed in Here the ultra-fashionable stationery five pound tins at $6.50 domestic and of the latest design is always kept in $7.50 foreign purchasers. stock together with the Royal and Co- The Honolulu Dairymen's Associa- rona typewriters, Marchant calculators tion supplies the pure milk used for and Sundstrand Adding Machines. children and adults in Honolulu. It Here, also, music lovers will find a also supplies the city with ice cream home for a complete line of musical for desserts. Its main office is in the instruments, including the Edison Pho- Purity Inn at Beretania and Keeaumoku streets. The milk of the Honolulu nograph and records. Dairymen's Association is pure, it is This store is one of the show places rich, and it is pasteurized. The Asso- of Hawaii in the very center of the ciation has had the experience of more great shopping district. than a generation, and it has called upon science in perfecting its plant and The Hawaii and South Sea its methods of handling milk and de- Curio Store on Bishop street, livering it in sealed bottles to its cus- in the Young Hotel is the tomers. largest and most var- ied curio store in Hawaii. Stevedoring in Honolulu is attended It is open day and night, con- to by the firm of McCabe, Hamilton and venient to visitors, and has Renny Co., Ltd., 20 South Queen Street. branches in both the Alex- Men of almost every Pacific race are ander Young Hotel and in the Moana employed by this firm, and the men of Hotel at Waikiki. each race seem fitted for some particular part of the work, so that quick and effi- Sharp Signs have been known for cient is the loading and unloading of half a century in Hawaii. "Tom" vessels in Honolulu. Sharp, as he is lovingly known to his Brown's Shoe Repairing Store on thousands of friends, is an artist of no Union, off Hotel street, is the one abso- mean order, and has done many paint lutely responsible place of its kind in ings in oils that have been used for Honolulu. Mr. Brown, a shoe man of a advertising purposes. What more nat- quarter of a century's experience, is in ural than that "Tom" Sharp should be personal charge and is known to all of elected president of the "Ad" Club of Honolulu's leading residents and to Honolulu. Every kind of sign is visitors who have need of shoe repair- painted, built, or manufactured in the ing. work shop of Tom Sharp at Punchbowl and Beretania streets. The Axtel Fence & Construction Co., Ltd., has an office at 2015 S. King St., The Island Curio Company, at 170 Honolulu. Wm. Weinrich is Treasurer Hotel street, opposite the Alexander and Manager, and Raymond C. Axtell Young Hotel, is the home of Hawaiian Secretary. The firm acts as fence curios, stamps, coins, souvenirs and post builders, contractors and importers. It cards. This spacious art store is well has had an enviable career in Honolulu worth a visit. of many years' standing. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 15

CASTLE & COOKE

The Matson Navigation Company, of the Hawaiian Islands. It acts as agent maintaining the premier ferry service for some of the most productive plan- between Honolulu and San Francisco, tations in the whole territory and has have their Hawaiian agencies with been marked by its progressive methods Castle & Cooke, Ltd., and here may be and all work connected with sugar pro- secured much varied information. Here duction in Hawaii. It occupies a spa- also the tourist may secure in the folder cious building at the corner of Merchant racks, booklets and pamphlets descrip- and Bishop Streets, Honolulu. The tive of almost every part of the great ground floor is used as local passenger ocean. and freight offices of the Matson Navi- Castle & Cooke, Ltd., is one of the gation Company. The adjoining offices oldest and most reliable firms in Hono- are used by the firm of their business lulu. It was founded in the early pioneer as sugar factors and insurance agents ; days and has been a part of the history Phone 1251.

C. BREWER & COMPANY

C. Brewer & Company, Limited, Honolulu, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, was established in 1826. It represents the following Sugar Plantations: Olowalu Company, Hilo Sugar Company, Hawaii Mill Company, Onomea Sugar Company, Honomu Sugar Company, Wailuku Sugar Company, Pepeekeo Sugar Company, Waimanalo Sugar Company, Haka- lau Plantation Company, Honolulu Plantation Company, Hawaiian Agricultural Company, Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company, Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Company; as well as the Oceanic Steamship Company, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Kapapala Ranch, and all kinds of insurance. ADVT. 16 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Honolulu Construction & Draying Co., Ltd., Bishop and Halekauwila Sts., Phone 4981, dealers in crushed stone, cement, cement pipe, brick, stone tile, and explosives, have the largest and best equipped draying and storage company in the Islands, and are prepared to handle anything from the smallest package to pieces weighing up to forty tons. The Waterhouse Co., Ltd., in the from Puget Sound, and other Pacific Alexander Young Building, on Bishop and East Coast ports. street, make office equipment their spe- The Thayer Piano Co., Ltd., at 148 cialty, being the sole distributor for the Hotel St., is "Honolulu's grand piano National Cash Register Co., the Bur- headquarters." On Hotel St. facing roughs Adding Machine, the Art Metal Bishop, the business block of Honolulu, Construction Co., the York Safe and it is convenient to all. Here may be Lock Company and the Underwood tested the Steinway and other makes Typewriter Co. They carry in stock of pianos, as well as the "Piano Play- all kinds of steel desks and other equip- ers." The company is agent for the ment for the office, so that one might Brunswick Phonograph with its superb at a day's notice furnish his office safe records, as well as the Victor rec- against fire and all kinds of insects. ords. A visit to this music store is worth while. Allen & Robinson have for genera- tions supplied the Hawaiian Islands Honolulu is so healthy that people with lumber and other building ma- don't usually die there, but when they do terials that are used for building in they phone in advance to Henry H. Wil- Hawaii ; also paints. Their office and liams, 1374 Nuuanu St., phone number retail department are in their new 1408, and he arranges the after details. quarters at the corner of Fort and Mer- If you are a tourist and wish to be inter- chant Sts., Honolulu, where they have red in your own plot on the mainland, been since June 1, 1925. The lumber Williams will embalm you ; or he will ar- yards are located at Ala Moana and range all details for interment in Hono- Ward Sts., where every kind of hard lulu. Don't leave the Paradise of the and soft wood grown on the Pacific Pacific for any other, but if you must, let Coast is landed by steamships that ply your friends talk it over with Williams. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 17 Honolulu as Advertised

The Lberty House, Hawaii's pioneer dry goods store, established in 1850; it has grown apace with the times until today it is an institution of service rivaling the most progressive mainland establishments in the matter of its merchandising policies and business efficiency. The Charles R. Frazier Company, oldest newspaper and maintains a job de- oldest and most important advertising partment that has been built up with agency in the Pacific field, has been seventy years of effort of experience be- purchased by George Mellen, for six hind it. The Honolulu Advertiser gets out years with the firm as special writer all kinds of half-tone and color work, prints and account executive, and will be con- books and publishes a number of period- tinued in its present location, Kauikeo- icals. The leading morning newspaper lani Building, Honolulu, as The Mellen of Hawaii, it holds a unique position. Associates, Successors to the Charles R. The Honolulu Gas Company has been Frazier Company. No changes of im- the pioneer in heating and in lighting portance will be made in the staff. Mr. the city. Honolulu is now a city of Frazier retired March 31st from the nearly a hundred thousand population advertising field to manage his vast real and more than ever the people of the estate interests. city cook with gas. The mains and pipes have been laid even in the out- The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 125 lying districts so that the Honolulu Gas Merchant Street, prints in its job depart- Company helps the city to grow. ment the Mid-Pacific Magazine, and that The main office of this company is on speaks for itself. The Honolulu Star- Hotel Street near Fort, with extensive Bulletin, Ltd., conducts a complete com- warehouses and repair shops in other mercial printing plant, where all the de- parts of the city. Gas is less expensive tails of printing manufacture are per- in Honolulu than in almost any other formed. It issues Hawaii's leading even- city of its size in America. The gas is ing newspaper and publishes many elabor- made from oil brought from California ate editions of books. and develops splendid lighting and heat- The Honolulu Advertiser is Hawaii's ing qualities. ADVT. 18 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Architects and Engineers of Hawaii

The Architects Society of Hawaii has owner. The main offices are in the Yoko- organized, that the people of the Territory hama Specie Bank Building, with its mill may be kept informed as to what the archi- and factory at South Street. Many of tects established in Hawaii have done, the leading business buildings in Hono- what they are capable of doing, and why lulu have been constructed under the di- employment of their services should be rection of the Pacific Engineering Com- profitable to those who build in Hawaii. pany. Examples of the work of Honolulu architects may be seen in the city and Wright, Harvey & Wright, engineers throughout the islands. Call 4476 or 4468 in the Damon Building, have a branch for a list of residences and commercial office and blue print shop at 855 Kaahu- buildings designed and decorated by local manu Street. This firm does a general architects and see for yourself what they surveying and engineering business, and are doing. has information pertaining to practically The architects of Hawaii are sincere in all lands in the group, as this firm has their stand that the difference between a done an immense amount of work house and a home is decoration. Four throughout the islands. The blue print walls and a roof make a house. When department turns out more than fifty per they are arranged and augmented in a cent of the blueprinting done in Honolulu. decorative way that subtlely expresses the Walker & Howland, with offices in the personality of the family, they become a new First National Bank Building on home. King and Bishop streets, are chiefly fire Architects in Honolulu become ac- protection engineers. They represent quainted with you. They can and will Grinnell Company of the Pacific, with its consult with you on every development of main offices in Los Angeles, this firm pro- the house that is to be your home, not ducing automatic sprinklers, pipes, valves, only in its larger phases, which make it and fittings, needed in architectural engin- suitable to the island climate and habits of eering work, and suited to a climate that life, but in its decorative features. has no winter and is ever gentle spring. Many of the finest residences and busi- ness and public buildings in Hawaii are Lewis Abshire, consulting engineer in the creation of those who constitute the the Lincoln Building, is developing much Architects Society of Hawaii. They will needed lines of work in connection with be glad to meet you, and information re- landscape engineering, construction, and garding the society may be had by phon- surveying, as well as building. The office ing to 4468 or 4476. is at 178 South King Street, room 2 Lib- In the Architects Society of Hawaii erty Building, telephone 2453, with 79311 are Herbert Cohen, Damon Bldg. ; Davis as a home number. With his past experi- & Fishbourne, Boston Bldg. ; C. W. ence of many years in Honolulu, Mr. Ab- Dickey, Damon Bldg. ; Emory & Webb, shire is well acquainted with local condi- James Campbell Bldg. ; Furer & Potter, tions and needs in building in Hawaii. Hawaiian Trust Bldg., Rothwell, Kan- The J. L. geter & Lester, 82 Merchant St. ; Hart Young Engineering Co., Wood, Castle & Cooke Bldg. Ltd., acts as consulting engineers and contractors, with offices at Kawaihao and The Pacific Engineering Company, King Streets,—telephone 2842 and 6247. Ltd., construction engineers and general J. L. Young is president and general contractors, is splendidly equipped to manager. The firm has a long career of handle all types of building construction, successful building for the Army, Navy, and execute building projects in minimum Government, and private corporations and time and to the utmost satisfaction of the individuals. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 19

Some of Honolulu's Leading Business Firms

The Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd., with Union Street, famous for its home cook- a power station generating capacity of ing. Miss Edna B. Harte has built this 32,000 K.W., furnishes lighting and restaurant up to its landmark position in power service to Honolulu and to the Honolulu by carefully supervising every entire island of Oahu. It also maintains department in person. its cold storage and ice-making plant, supplying the city with ice for home con- sumption. The firm acts as electrical con- Alton J. Cohn, Realtor, 316-317 Ha- tractors, cold storage, warehousemen, and waiian Trust Bldg., 116 South King deals in all kinds of electrical supplies, Street, has entered the real estate field completely wiring and equipping buildings with the up-to-date modern ideas of this and private residences. Its splendid new business, handling the best properties and offices facing the civic center are now satisfying the customer. Choice proper- under course of construction and will add ties in every part of Honolulu to suit another bit of architectural beauty to the every income are listed by this realtor, business section of Honolulu. who has found that he has had to take others into partnership to take care of The Consolidated Amusement Com- the increasing business. pany, as its name implies, is a consoli- dation of all of the leading theatres in Honolulu, featuring two of the most lux- The Ben Hollinger Co., Ltd., with urious theatres in the Pacific, the New Ben Hollinger as President and Mana- Princess and the Hawaii Theatre, where ger, owns and operates the Hollinger the latest first-run films are shown to the Garage, and is disbursing central for the Vesta Battery Corporation, and Honolulu public. The Consolidated representatives for The Fisk Tire Com- Amusement Company supplies practically pany, Inc., in the Territory of Hawaii. all of the movie theatres in Hawaii with The main offices of the company are their films and brings to the island every- at Alakea and Queen Streets, adjoining thing that is worth bringing, showing the garage. the great run pictures while they are still being seen in New York and Chicago. Visitors can always reserve seats at the The Rycroft Arctic Soda Company, theatres of the Consolidated Amusement on Sheridan Street, furnishes the high Company by phoning to the theatre grade soft drinks for Honolulu and selected. Hawaii. It manufactures the highest grade ginger ale—Hawaiian Dry—from The Honolulu Music Company, 1107 the fresh roots of the native ginger. It Fort Street, is the home of the Mason uses clear water from its own artesian and Hamlin pianofortes in Hawaii. Here well, makes its carbonated gas from Dame Nelly Melba purchased two of these Hawaiian pineapples at the most up-to- superb instruments. The superb Knabe date soda works in the Territory of piano also has its home here. Mr. Berg- Hawaii. strom, of Hawaii's one great family of music dealers, is manager of the Honolulu Music Company and here one may be A monument to the pluck and energy advised by experts as to the kind of of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the musical instruments suited to Hawaii, as City Mill Company, of which he is well as the kind of music to secure. treasurer and manager. This plant at Queen and Kekaulike streets is one of Harte's Good Eats is the name of the Honolulu's leading enterprises, doing a restaurant in the Wolters Building on flourishing lumber and mill business. ADVT. 20 THE MID-PACIFIC

Honolulu Business Items

The Honolulu Planing Mill, of which Howard W. Laws, at Ala Moana John Lucas is President and Manager, is Avenue and Ward St., is the general the only planing mill in the Territory roofing contractor in Hawaii, being dis- electrically equipped, and it manufactures tributor for Carey's roofing and build- its own electricity. This pioneer planing ing materials, telephone 5949. Before mill of Hawaii, established in 1864, has its putting on your roof in Hawaii, it is workshops at Ala Moana, Coral and wise to secure expert advice on the Keawe Streets, Honolulu, where it manu- kind of roof the section you build in factures mouldings and every conceivable needs. Howard W. Laws can give this need in building the house and home. advice with years of experience behind his opinion.

The Peerless Roofing and Paint Co., L. Fullard-Leo, the building con- W. F. Snyder, Mgr., with offices at 844 tractor, with a factory at Queen and Kaahumanu St., Honolulu, has thirty- Ward streets, is Honolulu's manufac- three years of business experience be- turer of hollow concrete building tiles, as hind it. The firm handles felt, pitch, well as of roof tiles and French floor and gravel roofs, and Peerless Preserv- tiles. A specialty is made of fibrous ing Paint. The Company is well known plaster cement plate walls and of every throughout Hawaii for its work, con- kind of ornamental plastering, model- structing roofs that last in a climate ing, imitation stone, etc. Excellent ex- where each roof must be built with re- amples of this work may be seen in the gard to the climatic conditions. new Castle & Cooke Building and in the Bishop Bank building now nearing Bailey's Groceteria is the big success completion. of recent years in Honolulu business. The parent store at the corner of Queen and The Hub Clothing House, at 79 Richards Sts., has added both a meat S. Hotel Street, is just around the market and a bakery, while the newly con- corner from Fort Street and in the bus- structed branch building at Beretania and iest portion of the city. Quick sales Piikoi is equally well equipped and sup- make it possible to dispose of the con- plied, so that the housekeeper can select stantly arriving stock of men's clothing all that is needed in the home, or, in fact, and apparel at the lowest prices in the phone her order to either house. city for the high class gentlemen's wear.

Walker & Olund, Ltd., with headquar- The Metropolitan Meat Market on ters at 820 Piikoi St., build with Walker King street, near Fort, is the most com- & Olund's concrete tile, and build per- pletely equipped meat market in the manently. This firm has contracts for Territory of Hawaii, and the most sani- many of the big new business and other tary. It occupies its own building, buildings now being erected in Hono- which is built and equipped on suc- lulu. Their feature of concrete tiling cessful principles of sanitation. Its saves the trouble of double walls and splendid moats are carefully selected makes the home absolutely water-proof, and supplied by the Hawaii Meat bug-proof, and by actual test more fire- Company, which operates its own cattle proof than the imported clay tile. Wal- steamers between the islands, so that ker & Olund's concrete tile is slightly fresh and perfectly fed beef is always cheaper laid up in the wall than good on the counters, under glass, at the double board construction, and a great Metropolitan Meat Market. deal more weather resisting. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 21

Maui No Ka Oi (Maui is the best)

The Maui Chamber of Commerce is luku. The company is agent at Kahu- behind the plan for an auto road to the lui for the Inter-Island Steam Naviga- summit of Haleakala, earth's vastest tion Company and for the firm of Alex- crater, situated on the island of Maui, ander and Baldwin, Ltd. William its summit ten thousand feet above the Walsh is general manager. sea from which it will be distant, when the auto road is completed, scarce fifty miles of easy riding. The Chamber The Kahului Store, Wm. A. Sparks also advocates the round-the-island auto manager, is conducted by the Hawaiian road that now connects Wailuku and Commercial and Sugar Company. The Lahaina with Hana with the plan now immense store in Kahului carries every- to push the building of this auto route thing that is needed in plantation or entirely around the island of Maui. It home life, it maintains branches at was the Chamber that got behind the Puunene, Spreckelsville, and at Kihei. Maui Annual Fair, the best of its kind The plantation store is an institution in in the islands. All of the business men Hawaii, bringing everything that is of Maui are members of their Chamber, needed direct to the laborer and to and it stands for the progress of Maui workers of all kinds. No Ka Oi (Maui, Best Of All). The Hawaiian Cooperative Poultry As- The Wailuku Hotel is the delightful sociation with its poultry ranch and caravansary conducted by Mrs. George head offices at Wailuku, supplies the K. Trimble, enlarged from year to year island with its dressed poultry and eggs. until it is now one of the really up-to- It sometimes sends its produce to Hono- date hotels in the Territory with every lulu where there is a quick demand. convenience for the visitors. This hotel This is an enterprise of Wm. F. Pogue has a clientele of many years standing, and his son. Mr. Pogue is also pro- drawing to itself the best of the travel- prietor of the Homelani Ranch with his ing public to which it caters. sons who give it their personal service.

The Haleakala Ranch Company, with head offices at Makawao, on the Island The Paia Store, which is conducted of Maui, is, as its name indicates, a by the Maui Agricultural Co., Ltd., is cattle ranch on the slopes of the great managed by Fred P. Rosecrans. This mountain of Haleakala, rising 10,000 is one of the very big plantation de- feet above the sea. This ranch breeds partment stores in Hawaii. Every con- pure Hereford cattle and is looking to ceivable need of the housekeeper or a future when it will supply fine bred homemaker is kept in stock. The store cattle to the markets and breeders in covers an area of more than a city Hawaii. block in a metropolitan city, and is the department store adopted to the needs The Kahului Railroad Company, with of modern sugar plantation life. its main offices at Kahului on the Island of Maui, serves the island both as re- gards passenger and freight service, The Honolulu Dairymen's Association, with regular trains running to the Ltd., is represented on Maui by Fred Haiku district, Paia, Puunene and Wai- Lamb at Wailuku. ADVT. 22 THE MID-PACIF1C

Hilo, Hawaii's Second City

Locate in Hilo.— -The Chamber of Kilauea, thirty odd miles distant from Commerce of Hilo has its spacious quar- Hilo. It also sends passengers by auto ters in the Old Bank Building at the around the island of Hawaii or to any corner of Keawe and Waianuenue part of the island. Its cars meet the Streets, the very center of Hilo's busi- steamers at the wharf, or can be secured ness district. Those desiring informa- at any time by phoning either 82 or 92. tion concerning Hilo and its opportuni- John K. Kai is president and manager. ties are invited to call at the Chamber A letter or a wireless message to the which represents the interests of a city Peoples Garage, Hilo, will assure prompt of ten thousand inhabitants, as well as service and waiting cars. the general business interests of the Island of Hawaii, the largest island of Hilo as a Manufacturing Center.—The the group forming the Territory of Hawaiian Starch Co. is a Hilo enterprise Hawaii. Those who contemplate visit- that has the support of the entire terri- ing Hawaii or doing business in Hilo are tory. This company puts out a starch invited to correspond with the Chamber made from the edible canna that has of Commerce of Hilo, Milton Rice being twice the strength of other food starches, vice-president and manager. Hilo has so that only half the amount usually many important business houses, and specified in cook books may be used. from Hilo the various points of interest This is the starch par excellence for a on the Island are visited. dull laundry finish. Hawaiian sugar and Hawaiian pineapples are known the The Hilo Hotel is the rendezvous of world over as the highest standard, and the tourist and the visitor. Almost hid- it now seems that Hawaii will lead in den in a tropical garden facing the sea, producing a perfect starch. its bungalow cottages afford the maxi- mum of comfort. At the Hilo Hotel Hilo as a Cattle Market.—The Hilo rooms with or without baths may be Meat Co. at 12 Keawe Street is the town secured at moderate rates, and in the end of the Shipman ranch, V. D. Shutte, great dining hall the delicacies of Hawaii manager. This company supplies Hilo are served. The Hotel is conducted on and sometimes Honolulu with meat from the American plan. the famous Shipman ranch, of which Hawaii Consolidated Railway, Ltd., Mr. W. H. Shipman has been the ex- Hilo, Hawaii, the Scenic Railway of perienced head for more than a genera- Hawaii, one of the most spectacular tion. Hawaii has made herself independ- trips in the world, thirty-four miles, ent of the mainland for meat of all kinds, costing nearly $4,000,000.00; it crosses and in the Hilo market there is a choice 10 sugar plantations, 150 streams, 44 of the very best cuts from home raised bridges, 14 of which are steel from 98 cattle from the Shipman ranch. to 230 feet high and from 400 to 1,006 feet long, and many precipitous gorges The Moses Stationery Co., Ltd., Hilo, lined with tropical trees, and with wa- Hawaii, of which E. Moses is president, terfalls galore ; sugar cane fields, vil- has its main office and store at No. 55 lages, hundreds of breadfruit and co- Kamehameha Avenue. They also con- coanut trees and palms along the way, trol and operate the Hawaii Music Co. and miles of precipices. W. H. Huss- in Hilo. In Honolulu two more stores man, general freight and passenger are controlled—the Moses Office Equip- agent. ment Co., Ltd., at 72 South King Street, also the Sonora Shop at 1158 Fort Motor Service from Hilo.—The Peo- Street, where the famous Sonora pho- ples Garage maintains a regular daily nographs and the Baldwin Piano are automobile service to the Volcano of featured. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 23 Establish Your Business in Hilo

The First Trust Company of Hilo oc- niture, and all that goes to make home cupies the modern up-to-date building happy. Mr. Holmes is now assisted by adjoining the Bank of Hawaii on Keawe his son in the management and the busi- Street. This is Hilo's financial institu- ness still expands and keeps up with the tion. It acts as trustees, executors, audit- times, keeping to the front as Hilo's one ors, realty dealers, guardians, account- big department store. ants, administrators, insurance agents, Own Your Own Car in Hilo.—The and as your stock and bond brokers. Volcano Stables and Transportation You will need the services of the First Company, J. W. Webster, president ; and Trust Company in Hilo whether you are A. L. Ruddle, secretary and manager, is a visitor, or whether you are to erect a proprietor of the Volcano Garage. At home or a business block. Kamehameha and Pauahi Streets it has Own Your Home In Hilo.—The home three acres of buildings and is agent and or business builder in Hilo will need distributor for the two cars that stand Charles H. Will, the foremost general alone in their separate classes,—the Ford contractor of the big island of Hawaii. for everybody and the Studebaker for He is the first aid of the builder, with those who desire a high-class car at a an office in the Old Bank Building on moderate price. The company is also Waianuenue Street. His work is in road distributor for the Ford and White building, reinforced steel and concrete trucks, Fordson tractors, and the Good- buildings, a builder of bridges and year and Federal tires. wharves, streets and highways. Agent The Dry Goods Mart in Hilo.—The for the Polk System of Reinforced Con- Hilo Emporium, at Kamehameha and crete, Charles H. Will erects the concrete Kalakaua Streets, is the one big dry chimneys, an important thing in a land of goods store in Hilo. It has inaugurated sugar mills. Estimates are furnished a cash and carry grocery system in addi- on every class of construction work. tion. All kinds of general merchandise, Hilo's Department Store.—The E. N. dry goods, shoes, etc., are carried at the Holmes Department Store on Waianue- Emporium. Mr. George H. Vicars is nue Street, near Kamehameha, is one of president, and his son, B. W. Vicars is the business landmarks of Hilo. Here treasurer and assistant manager. This is more than a generation of Hiloites has one of the new spacious stores of greater bought its groceries, dry goods, men's Hilo, the very heart of the new and furnishings, crockery, household fur- growing business district. -

A cattle ranch on the Island of Hawaii. ADVT. 24 THE MID-PACIFIC

About the Big Island

Twice a week the Inter-Island Steam The Hilo Boarding School, Levi C. Navigation Company dispatches its pala- Lyman manager, is a school for boys tial steamer, the "Haleakala" to Hilo, which combines academic and industrial leaving Honolulu at 5 P.M. on Tuesdays training. The afternoons are given to and Fridays, arriving at Hilo at 7 P.M. the learning of blacksmithing, carpentry, the next morning. This vessel leaves wood-turning, automobile polishing, Hilo every Wednesday and Sunday printing, some crafts and agriculture. afternoon at five for Honolulu, a four- This is a forty acre farm. A crafts shop teen-hour run. From Honolulu, the is maintained at 130 Kamehameha Ave- Inter-Island Company dispatches almost nue, and sales rooms of Hawaiian goods daily excellent passenger vessels to the in koa, where the output of calabashes, island of Maui and twice a week to the ukuleles, trays and novelties in koa may island of Kauai. There is no finer cruise be obtained. Prices of these or informa- in all the world than a visit to all of the tion about the school is sent on request. Hawaiian Islands on the steamers of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company. The head offices in Honolulu are on The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., has Merchant Street, where every informa- its Hilo branch at 12 Waianuenue Street tion available, or books on the different with sub branches at Kealakekua and at islands are sent on request. Tours of Alaa & Pahoa. Le Baron Gurney is the all the islands are arranged. branch manager at Hilo, and the Bank of Connected with the Inter-Island Steam Bishop & Co. serves the Island of Hawaii Navigation Company is the palatial Vol- through its branch at Hilo, as it does the cano House overlooking the everlasting entire group, from its palatial quarters house of fire, as the crater of Halemau- in the modern up-to-date Damon building mau is justly named. A night's ride in Honolulu, named after the long-time from Honolulu and an hour by auto- president of the Bishop Bank. mobile, and you are at the Volcano House, the one truly historic caravan- sary of the Hawaiian Islands, recently The Honolulu Dairymen's Association, reconstructed and turned into a modern Ltd., is represented by Russell L. Ran- up-to-date hotel of luxury for the tour- som as manager in Hilo, with dairy at ist and those from Honolulu and Hilo Piopio and Kamehameha Streets. spending vacations at the Volcano. Should you wish to continue at leisure your sightseeing or business trip around Hawaii's Famous Coffee.—The Cap- the Island of Hawaii, there are hotels tain Cook Coffee Company produces and every few miles. handles the standard coffee of Hawaii, and this product, "Kona" Coffee, has Building on the Island of Hawaii.— become known the world over for its The Hawaiian Contracting Company delicious mildness. The Captain Cook maintains working offices at the great Coffee Company selects and ages its Hilo pier, where all steamers discharge their freight for Hilo and the big island. coffee beans until they are ready to give This concern, with branches throughout forth that delicious aroma that makes the Territory, has for its aim building coffee grown within the radius of the for permanancy. It contracts for build- spot where Captain Cook was slain, ings and highway construction, having a known to all devotees of good coffee. corps of construction experts at its com- The agency for the Captain Cook Coffee mand. In Hilo, Frank H. West is in Company in Honolulu is with the Henry charge of the company's affairs. Waterhouse Co. AD VT. Denver the Gateway to 12 National Parks and 32 National Monuments

Denver has a great variety of short rail and auto trips into the mountains. In three hours the visitor can take the auto trip through

DENVER'S MOUNTAIN PARKS a 65-mile auto trip, including Lookout Mountain, Buffalo Bill's Grave, Hosa Lodge, Bergen Park, Evergreen, Bear Creek Canyon and Morrison.

THE MOUNT EVANS ECHO LAKE TRIP includes Denver's Mountain Parks and a trip from Bergen Park over Squaw Pass to Echo Lake and Mount Evans, showing 150 miles of the mountain range from Long's Peak to Pike's Peak.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK is only four hours from Denver. This trip can-Le made in one day, or by taking two days after visiting Rocky Mountain National Park, you can cross the Con- tinental Divide over Fall River Road and return to 'Denver through Grand Lake, over Berthoud Pass to Idaho Spring, Denver's Mountain Parks and Vernon Canyon. ONE-DAY RAIL TRIPS Moffat Road, Georgetown Loop, Platte Canyon and Royal Gorge. Sixty other short trips from Denver can be taken in from a few hours to a day.

SERVICE AT DENVER UNION STATION Upon arrival in Denver you can go to our Free Information Bureau and without leaving the Union Station make hotel reservations and get free informa- tion and literature about trips to any part of the station. Special attention is given by this Bureau to women and children travelling alone. Let us help you plan a Colorado Vacation Trip. For literature, road maps and full information, write Tourist and Publicity Bureau Denver Chamber of Commerce 504 Seventeenth St. Denver, Colo. A coral island in the Hawaiian group.