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(Crustacea: Tantulocarida) Parasitic on a Tanaid in the Northeastern Atlantic, with Observations on M

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(Crustacea: Tantulocarida) Parasitic on a Tanaid in the Northeastern Atlantic, with Observations on M Systematic Parasitology14: 17-30, 1989. © 1989 KiuwerAcademic Publishers. Printedin the Netherlands. 17 A new species ot Microdajus (Crustacea: Tantulocarida) parasitic on a tanaid in the northeastern Atlantic, with observations on M. langi Greve Geoffrey A. Boxshall 1, Rony Huys2 and Roger J. Lincoln 1 1Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK eMarine Biology Section, Insatute of Zoology, State University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000 Ghent, Belgium Accepted for publication 27th September, 1988 Abstract The tantulus larva of Microdajus langi is redescribed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Thoracopods 2-5 have poorly developed but fully armed endites. Thoracopods 1-5 are biramous, with each ramus represented by a minute segment. A new species, M. pectinatus, is described from a tanaid host collected in the Rockail Trough, off the west coast of Scotland. A system of homologies for the portopodal segments of the thoracopods of the tantulus larva is proposed, Some aspects of the musculature of the adult male are described for the first time. Introduction This account also describes a new species of Microdajus Greve parasitic on tanaids collected Tantulocarids are small, ectoparasitic in deep water in the vicinity of the Rockall crustaceans that utilize other crustaceans as Trough, off the west coast of Scotland. hosts. Six species are now known from tanaid hosts, all from high latitude localities in both northern and southern hemispheres (BoxshaU & Methods Lincoln, 1987; Grygier & Sieg, 1988). Tantulo- carids are usually found in small numbers but can Specimens were prepared for examination using be common locally. Microdajus langi Greve was light microscopy by mounting in lactophenol and found in large numbers on tanaids in Raunef- sealing with glyceel. Drawings were made using jorden, western Norway (Greve, 1965; Boxshall oil immersion on a Leitz Dialux 20 microscope & Lincoln, 1987), and has also been recorded with interference microscopy. Specimens were from Scotland (Boxshall & Lincoln, 1987), from prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy Byfjorden, Fensfjorden, the Skagerrak and (SEM) by dehydration through graded acetone, Olsofjorden (Greve, 1988) and from Gullmarf- critical point drying, and sputter coating with jorden (Grygier & Sieg, 1988). Bulk samples palladium. SEM observations were made using a collected in Raunefjorden have recently been Hitachi S-800 electron microscope. Drawings sorted and the new material has enabled ad- were made using a camera lucida, and some ditional observations to be made using SEM. details were added from SEM photographs. 18 G.A. Boxshall et al. Microdajm langi Greve, 1965 Remarks This SEM study of the tantulus larva of M. langi Additional description has revealed many inadequacies in the original and subsequent descriptions of this species Tantulus larva (Greve, 1965; Boxshall & Lincoln, 1987). It Cephalic shield smooth except for patches of tiny emphasises the difficulty in studying such small setules and some oblique epicuticular lamellae organisms, without dissection, using light associated with single row of 6 pores near pos- microscopy alone. The most important feature terior and ventral margins. Posterior margin of discovered using SEM is the presence of endites shield with fringe of tiny setules and 2 pairs of on thoracopods 2-5. These endites are not well larger sensillae. Posterior margin of each free developed, bulbous structures, as found in Deo- thoracic somite with similar fringe of setules (Fig. terthron (cf. Boxshall & Lincoln, 1987) and 1A) plus scattered setules over surface of tergite. Boreotantulus (cf. Huys & Boxshall, 1988). They First abdominal somite with fringe of setules are small, angular protrusions on the medial along posterior margin dorsally; ventral surface margin of a discrete praecoxal segment, and they smooth. Entire surface of second abdominal carry the typical palmate, coupling spine. These somite ornamented with long setules (Figs 1A,B). spines, as in other tantulocarids, serve to link the Caudal rami distinct, uni-segmented (Fig. 1B); members of a leg pair together during swimming. bearing a large apical seta and 2 short setae, one Other significant corrections to earlier descrip- lateral and one ventro-lateral. tions are: the presence of only one seta on the Thoracopod 1 with a bi-segmented protopod; sixth thoracopod, the presence of a third seta on first segment (syncoxa) large, lacking endite; the caudal ramus, and the recognition of the second segment (basis) small, unarmed. Each articulated bases of the setae on the thoracopods ramus represented by tiny articulating segment as representing vestigial, unisegmented rami. bearing one apical seta. Thoracopods 2-5 (Figs Additional detail of ornamentation is visible 1C,D) each with a bi-segmented protopod; first under SEM that cannot be seen using light segment (praecoxa) with poorly-developed microscopy. The setulation of the thoracic ter- endite bearing one large, palmate coupling spine gites, thoracopods and abdomen is recorded here (Fig. 1D) and 2 small setae; second segment for the first time. The ridged posterior surface of (coxo-basis) ornamented with many setules (Fig. the ramal setae on the thoracopods may enable 1C). Each ramus represented by small articulat- the setae to flex posteriorly during the recovery ing lobe bearing single apical seta. Apical seta stroke of swimming. ornamented anteriorly and laterally with tiny setules, posteriorly with regular, transverse ridges (Fig. 1C). Thoracopod 6 (Fig. 1C) com- Microdajus pectinatus n. sp. prising single protopodal segment lacking endite; bearing single apical seta inserted directly on Descrip~on segment. Tantulus larva Material examined. Two tantulus larvae and 2 Body comprising head, thorax of 6 pedigerous adult females, mounted on an SEM stub, stored somites and bi-segmented abdomen (Fig. 2A). in collections of BM(NH) Reg. No. 1988.276. Head covered with smooth cephalic shield, lack- Host. Leptognathia breviremis (Lilljeborg). ing any ornamentation of epicuticular lamellae Locality. Collected by Beyer net, from Raunef- (Fig. 2A,B). Shield with paired pores anterola- jorden, western Norway on muddy bottom at a terally, one pair of pores and one pair of fine depth of 120 m, during September 1985. setules postero-laterally (Fig. 8E). Conspicuous A new tantulocarid crustacean from a tanaid 19 Fig. 1. M. langi tantulus larva, SEM photographs. A, Posterodorsal view, showing rear margins of thoracic tergites and posteroventrai surface of second abdominal somite; B, Abdomen of tantulus, ventral; C, Thoracopods 6 to 4, posterior surfaces; D, Endite on thoracopod 5, posterior view showing praecoxa (pc) with its enditic armature, and coxo-basis (cb). Scale-bars: 5 I~m (A-C) and 1/zm (D). 20 G.A. Boxshall et al. Fig. 2. M. pectinatus n. sp., SEM photographs. A, Tantulus larva, dorsal; B, Head and thoracic tergites of expanded male tantulus; dorsal view showing epicuticular circlet (arrowed) surrounding pore; C, Second abdominal somite, postero-ventral view showing combs of spines and median bifid spine; D, Oral disc attached to host, frontal view. Scale-bars: 20/.~m (A, B) and 4 #m (C, D). A new tantulocarid crustacean from a tanaid 21 pair of pores present dorsally, just posterior to spine with 4 pairs of barbs (Figs 4A,B) and with rear margin of shield (Figs 2B, 8D); each sur- 2 small spinous processes. Both rami represented rounded by circlet of epicuticular ornamentation by small segments largely concealed within ter- (arrowed in Fig. 2B). Oral disc located ventrally minal concavity of protopod; each with one large at anterior margin of head. Disc about 16/.tm in apical seta. Thoracopod 6 (Fig. 3C) uniramous; diameter, attached to host integument. Oral disc comprising single, unarmed segment bearing one sheathed by short outer membrane, closely ad- long apical seta. Thoracopodal setae typically pressed onto surface of disc (Fig. 2D). Tubular smooth on anterior surface, transversely ridged structure with thick dorsal wall discernible inside along posterior surface (Fig. 4A), with scattered head leading to central pore of oral disc (Fig. lateral setules. 8D). Marked chitinous collar surrounds this tube about at midlength. Cephalic stylet visible Male metamorphosis through integument; about 20~m in length, Adult male formed in reflexed position (Fig. 4D) curved, open proximally and tapering distally. within expanded trunk sac of preceding tantulus Four glandular lobes visible posteriorly inside stage (Figs 4C, 5A). Trunk sac located posterior head. Ventro-lateral margins of cephalic shield to tergite of sixth thoracic somite; causing ven- with ridge-like folds of integument (Fig. 8E). tral deflection of larval abdomen. Tergites and Free thoracic somites each with distinct ter- limbs separated by slight thoracic expansion (Figs gite, that of first somite partly or completely 5A,B). Male inside sac connected to larval head concealed beneath posterior rim of cephalic via broad umbilical cord (Figs 5A,B). Cord shield (Figs 2A,B). Tergites smooth, lacking entering male cephalothorax mid-ventrally in conspicuous surface ornamentation. Abdomen anterior third. (Figs 2C, 3D,E) 17/xm long; first somite 1.5 times wider than long (6 × 9/xm), second somite Adult male 1.1 times longer than wide (11 × 10 p~m). First Body comprising cephalothorax incorporating somite unarmed. Dorsal surface of second somite first and second pedigerous somites, 4 free smooth, ventral surface with numerous small
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