DOCSLIB.ORG

Artropoda Classification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Artropoda Classification ARTROPODA CLASSIFICATION Phylum ARTHROPODA Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical, metamerically segmented animals having chitinous exoskeleton. Moulting is necessary for growth. They possess jointed appendages, a haemocoel or schizocoelom and have open circulatory system. Segments as well as their appendages are specialized to form various organs. Arthropods constitute about 80% of all animals. Subphylum TRILOBITOMORPHA Fossil arthropods having body divided into 3 longitudinal lobes, one median lobe and two lateral pleural lobes. Class TRILOBITA Appendages were biramous and had gills attached on them. They were abundant during Cambrian and Ordovician periods. Body was divided into cephalon, trunk and pygidium. They also possessed segmented antennae and a pair of compound eyes. Subphylum CHELICERATA First appendages are modified as chelicerae for feeding and second ones modified as pedipalps. Body is divisible into prosoma and opisthosoma, the latter is sometimes divided into mesosoma and metasoma. There are no antennae in these arthropods. Class MEROSTOMATA Body is divisible into prosoma, mesosoma and metasoma. They are marine scavengers in which abdominal appendages carry gills and telson is long spike-like. Subclass EURYPTERIDA This group includes extinct giant scorpions of Ordovician to Permian periods. They had 5 pairs of thoracic swimming appendages and 7 pairs of abdominal appendages which carried 6 pairs of gills. Metasoma was without appendages. Ex. Pterygotus; Eurypterus. They were the dominant predators of the Palaeozoic era. Subclass XIPHOSURA There are only 5 surviving species of horse-shoe crabs in the world and hence they are called living fossils. They have 5 pairs of thoracic walking legs which are chelate and armed with spines. There are 6 pairs of abdominal appendages carrying 5 pairs of book gills for respiration. Ex. Limulus or king crab. Class ARACHNIDA There are one pair of chelicerae and one pair of pedipalps and 4 pairs of thoracic legs in these arthropods. Abdomen is without legs. Breathing takes place through the book lungs or tracheal system or both. Ex. Scorpions; pseudoscorpions; spiders; ticks and mites. Class PYCNOGONIDA (=PANTOPODA) They are commonly known as sea spiders that measure 1-10 mm in length. Cephalothorax is large and segmented while abdomen is highly reduced. Legs long for crawling on the sea bottom. They are carnivores that feed on cnidarians and worms. Ex. Nymphon; Pycnogonus. Subphylum MANDIBULATA Arthropods with strong mandibles for chewing and cutting, or mouth parts are modified for different modes of feeding. They are terrestrial as well as aquatic animals. Class CRUSTACEA They possess two pairs of antennae and their body is divisible into cephalothorax and abdomen. Eyes are simple or compound. Appendages are variously modified. 1. Subclass CEPHALOCARIDA Horse-shoe shaped body without a carapace and eyes. They are marine bottom dwellers having long antennae for food gathering. Ex. Hutchinsoniella. 2. Subclass BRANCHIOPODA They are small freshwater forms with shield-like carapace and abdomen without appendages. Thoracic appendages are used for respiration. Ex. Apus; Daphnia. 3. Subclass OSTRACODA Marine and freshwater animals with laterally compressed body enclosed in a bivalve shell. Two pairs of thoracic appendages are present. Feeding and locomotion is performed by head appendages. Appendages also have respiratory function. Ex. Cypris; Cypridina. 4. Subclass MYSTACOCARIDA Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Head appendages are bushy. Four pairs of thoracic appendages are present. They are filter feeders, found among sand grain in beaches. Ex. Deirocheilocaris. 5. Subclass COPEPODA Body is composed of cephalothorax and abdomen, the latter has no appendages. Single eye is present and there is no carapace. Antennae beat in rotary fashion for swimming. Some are planktonic but a large number are parasitic. Ex. Cyclops; Caligus, Monstrilla. 6. Subclass BRANCHIURA These small arthropods possess dorsoventrally flattened body adapted for ectoparasitic mode of life on fishes. Thoracic appendages are 4 pairs, used for swimming. Maxillae are used for anchoring on host. Maxillipedes are absent. There is a spine for puncturing the skin of fish. Gills are absent and abdomen has respiratory function. Ex. Argulus. 7. Subclass CIRRIPEDIA They are marine, either sedentary or parasitic. Compound eyes are absent. Thoracic appendages are 6 pairs and abdomen is rudimentary. They are commonly known as barnacles. Ex. Lepas; Balanus; Sacculina. 8. Subclass MALACOSTRACA Large crustaceans that have 5-segmented head, 8-segmented thorax and 6-segmented abdomen. Cephalothorax is covered with carapace. Compound eyes are stalked. This group includes 75% of all crustaceans. Ex. Mysis; Squilla; Palaemon; Cancer. 9. Subclass REMIPEDIA They possess long, segmented and worm-like body divided into cephalon and trunk. Trunk appendages are biramous. Two pairs of maxillae and one pair of maxillipedes are present for feeding. Found in marine caves in Bahamas. Ex. Speleonectes; Lasionectes. 10. Subclass PENTASTOMIDA They are parasitic in the respiratory system of reptiles in USA, Europe and Australia. Body is worm-like with 5 appendages on the anterior side and 2 pairs of hooks for anchoring. Trunk is ringed without appendages. Ex. Linguatula; Cephalobena. 11. Subclass TANTULOCARIDA They are ectoparasites on deep water crustaceans. There are no appendages in adult which has a bag-like body. Larva is free swimming and bears 6 or 7 abdominal somites and appendages. Adult penetrates the host skin by a mouth tube. They look similar to copepods. Ex. Basipodella; Deoterthron. Class INSECTA (=HEXAPODA) Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. There is one pair of antennae, 3 pairs of legs and both compound and simple eyes. Respiration takes place with tracheal system and excretion with malpighian tubules. They are the only flying arthropods. 1. Subclass APTERYGOTA (=AMETABOLA) They are primitively wingless insects that have ectognathous mouth parts and also abdominal appendages. There is no metamorphosis during development and juveniles are similar to adults in morphology as well as habits. Ex. Telson-tails; Silverfish; Spring- tails; Campodea. There are 4 orders in this group. 2. Subclass PTERYGOTA (=METABOLA) They are winged insects or lost wings later in evolution. Mouth parts are endognathous and abdominal appendages are absent. Metamorphosis is either partial or complete with a pupal stage. Ex. Dragonflies, Grasshoppers; Termites; Lice; Cockroach; Beetles; Butterflies; Moths; Fleas; Ant-lions; Scorpion flies. There are 24 orders within this group. Class CHILOPODA Medium to large carnivorous animals that live beneath stones and logs and whose body is dorsoventrally flattened and divided into head and trunk. First maxillipede is modified as poison claw. One pair of mandibles and one or two pairs of maxillae are present. Respiration occurs through tracheal system and excretion with malpighian tubules. One pair of compound eyes and one pair of antennae are present. Ex. Scolopendra; Scutigera. Class DIPLOPODA Body is cylindrical, divided into head, collum and trunk. Trunk contains diplosegments with two pairs of legs and ostia. Last segment is legless and carries anus. Slow moving, herbivorous animals that contain repugnatorial glands on the skin to repel enemies. Ex. Julius; Glomeris; Spirobolus. Class SYMPHYLA Found in humus, they are 2.0-10.0 mm long agile arthropods that run about rapidly. Body is divided into head and 14-segmented trunk. Pygidium bears an oval telson and a pair of cerci. Spiracle is single pair on the first trunk segment. Eyes are absent and mouth parts are similar to insects. Ex. Scutigerella. Class PAUROPODA Soft bodied, grub-like arthropods, less than 2.0 mm long, having cylindrical body that contains 12 segments. Eyes are absent and antennae are 3-branched. Mandibles are for piercing and grinding. Found in soil and feed on humus and fungi. Ex. Pauropus. ARTHROPODA CLASSIFICATION (After Ruppert & Barnes, 1994) 1. Subphylum TRILOBITOMORPHA – The Trilobites 2. Subphylum CHELICERATA – With chelicerae and pedipalps Class Merostomata – ex. Limulus Class Arachnida – Spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks Class Pycnogonida – Sea spiders 3. Subphylum CRUSTACEA Class Branchiopoda – fairy shrimps, brine shrimps Class Maxillopoda – Copepods Class Malacostraca – Prawn, Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimps 4. Subphylum UNIRAMIA Class Insecta – Dragon flies, Cockroach, Beetles, Bugs, Butterflies Class Chilopoda – Centipedes Class Diplopoda – Millipedes Class Symphyla – Soft bodied Scutigerella Class Pauropoda – Soft bodied Pauropus ARTHROPODA CLASSIFICATION (After Brusca & Brusca, 2003) 1. Subphylum TRILOBITOMORPHA (=TRILOBITA) 2. Subphylum CHELICERIFORMES Class Chelicerata Subclass Merostomata – Limulus Subclass Arachnida – Spiders, Scorpions, Mites Class Pycnogonida – Sea spiders 3. Subphylum CRUSTACEA Class Remipedia – Lasionectes Class Cephalocarida – Hutchinsoniella Class Branchiopoda – Daphnia; Triops Class Malacostraca – Squilla; Palaemon; Mysis; Cyamus; Crabs Subclass Phyllocarida (1 order) Subclass Eumalacostraca (15 orders) Class Maxillopoda Subclass Thecostraca – Ascothorax Subclass Tantulocarida – Basipodella Subclass Branchiura – Argulus Subclass Pentastomida – Linguatula Subclass Mystacocarida – Deirocheilocaris Subclass Copepoda – Cyclops; Monstrilla; Ergasilus Subclass Ostracoda – Cypris; Cypridina 4. Subphylum HEXAPODA Class Entognatha – Orders: Protura, Diplura and Collembola Class Insecta – 30 orders of insects Subclass Archaeognatha – Bristle tails Subclass Zygentoma – Silver fish Subclass Pterygota – 28 orders. Mayflies, termites; cockroach etc. 5. Subphylum MYRIAPODA Body contains head and long trunk bearing appendages. All are terrestrial with one pair of antennae. Compound eyes or simple eyes are present. Carnivore or herbivore animals, they include centipedes and millipedes. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru, with an Identification Key to the World Species
    ZooKeys 935: 57–92 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.935.50492 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Seven new species of spider-attacking Hymenoepimecis Viereck (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru, with an identification key to the world species Diego Galvão de Pádua1, Ilari Eerikki Sääksjärvi2, Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro3, Marcio Luiz de Oliveira1 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 2 Biodiversity Unit, Zoological Museum, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland 3 Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Depto. de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Corresponding author: Diego Galvão de Pádua ([email protected]) Academic editor: B. Santos | Received 27 January 2020 | Accepted 20 March 2020 | Published 21 May 2020 http://zoobank.org/3540FBBB-2B87-4908-A2EF-017E67FE5604 Citation: Pádua DG, Sääksjärvi IE, Monteiro RF, Oliveira ML (2020) Seven new species of spider-attacking Hymenoepimecis Viereck (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru, with an identification key to the world species. ZooKeys 935: 57–92.https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.935.50492 Abstract Seven new species of Hymenoepimecis Viereck are described from Peruvian Andes and Amazonia, French Guiana and Ecuador: H. andina Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. castilloi Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. dolichocarinata Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. ecuatoriana Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. longilobus Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Fig. Ap. 2.1. Denton Tending His Fairy Shrimp Collection
    Fig. Ap. 2.1. Denton tending his fairy shrimp collection. 176 Appendix 1 Hatching and Rearing Back in the bowels of this book we noted that However, salts may leach from soils to ultimately if one takes dry soil samples from a pool basin, make the water salty, a situation which commonly preferably at its deepest point, one can then "just turns off hatching. Tap water is usually unsatis- add water and stir". In a day or two nauplii ap- factory, either because it has high TDS, or because pear if their cysts are present. O.K., so they won't it contains chlorine or chloramine, disinfectants always appear, but you get the idea. which may inhibit hatching or kill emerging If your desire is to hatch and rear fairy nauplii. shrimps the hi-tech way, you should get some As you have read time and again in Chapter 5, guidance from Brendonck et al. (1990) and temperature is an important environmental cue for Maeda-Martinez et al. (1995c). If you merely coaxing larvae from their dormant state. You can want to see what an anostracan is like, buy some guess what temperatures might need to be ap- Artemia cysts at the local aquarium shop and fol- proximated given the sample's origin. Try incu- low directions on the container. Should you wish bation at about 3-5°C if it came from the moun- to find out what's in your favorite pool, or gather tains or high desert. If from California grass- together sufficient animals for a study of behavior lands, 10° is a good level at which to start.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) Inferred from Nuclear 18S Ribosomal DNA (18S Rdna) Sequences
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25 (2002) 535–544 www.academicpress.com Phylogenetic analysis of anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) inferred from nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) sequences Peter H.H. Weekers,a,* Gopal Murugan,a,1 Jacques R. Vanfleteren,a Denton Belk,b and Henri J. Dumonta a Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium b Biology Department, Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA Received 20 February 2001; received in revised form 18 June 2002 Abstract The nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) of 27 anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) belonging to 14 genera and eight out of nine traditionally recognized families has been sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA phylogeny shows that the anostracans are monophyletic. The taxa under examination form two clades of subordinal level and eight clades of family level. Two families the Polyartemiidae and Linderiellidae are suppressed and merged with the Chirocephalidae, of which together they form a subfamily. In contrast, the Parartemiinae are removed from the Branchipodidae, raised to family level (Parartemiidae) and cluster as a sister group to the Artemiidae in a clade defined here as the Artemiina (new suborder). A number of morphological traits support this new suborder. The Branchipodidae are separated into two families, the Branchipodidae and Ta- nymastigidae (new family). The relationship between Dendrocephalus and Thamnocephalus requires further study and needs the addition of Branchinella sequences to decide whether the Thamnocephalidae are monophyletic. Surprisingly, Polyartemiella hazeni and Polyartemia forcipata (‘‘Family’’ Polyartemiidae), with 17 and 19 thoracic segments and pairs of trunk limb as opposed to all other anostracans with only 11 pairs, do not cluster but are separated by Linderiella santarosae (‘‘Family’’ Linderiellidae), which has 11 pairs of trunk limbs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mesosomal Anatomy of Myrmecia Nigrocincta Workers and Evolutionary Transformations in Formicidae (Hymeno- Ptera)
    7719 (1): – 1 2019 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2019. The mesosomal anatomy of Myrmecia nigrocincta workers and evolutionary transformations in Formicidae (Hymeno- ptera) Si-Pei Liu, Adrian Richter, Alexander Stoessel & Rolf Georg Beutel* Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Si-Pei Liu [[email protected]]; Adrian Richter [[email protected]]; Alexander Stößel [[email protected]]; Rolf Georg Beutel [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted on December 07, 2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on May 17, 2019. Published in print on June 03, 2019. Editors in charge: Andy Sombke & Klaus-Dieter Klass. Abstract. The mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of Myrmecia nigrocincta was examined. A broad spectrum of methods was used, including micro-computed tomography combined with computer-based 3D reconstruction. An optimized combination of advanced techniques not only accelerates the acquisition of high quality anatomical data, but also facilitates a very detailed documentation and vi- sualization. This includes fne surface details, complex confgurations of sclerites, and also internal soft parts, for instance muscles with their precise insertion sites. Myrmeciinae have arguably retained a number of plesiomorphic mesosomal features, even though recent mo- lecular phylogenies do not place them close to the root of ants. Our mapping analyses based on previous morphological studies and recent phylogenies revealed few mesosomal apomorphies linking formicid subgroups. Only fve apomorphies were retrieved for the family, and interestingly three of them are missing in Myrmeciinae. Nevertheless, it is apparent that profound mesosomal transformations took place in the early evolution of ants, especially in the fightless workers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pauropoda
    "* IX «- THE PAUROPODA THE members of this group are minute, elongate, soft-bodied arthropods of the myriapod type of structure (fig. 70 A, B), but because of their relatively few legs, usually nine pairs in the adult stage, they have been named pauropods (Lubbock, 1868 ). A pauro­ pod of average size is about a millimeter in length, but some species are only half as long, and others reach a length of nearly 2 mm. Probably owing to their small size, the pauropods have no circulatory system and no tracheae or other differentiated organs of respiration. They live in moist places under logs and stones, on the ground among decaying leaves, and in the soil to a depth of several inches. The feeding habits of the pauropods are not well known, but their food has been thought to be humus and decaying plant and animal tissue. Starling (1944) says that mold fungi were observed to be the usual food of Pauropus carolinensis and that a "correlation appears to exist between the optimum temperature for mold growth in gen­ eral and high incidence of pauropod population." He gives reasons for believing that pauropods, where abundant, regardless of their small size, play a Significantpart in soil formation. A typical adult pauropod (fig. 70 B) has a relatively small, conical head and an elongate body of 12 segments, counting as segments the first and the last body divisions, which are known respectively as the collum (Col) and the pygidium (Pyg). Statements by other writers as to the number of segments may vary, because some do not include the pygidium as a segment and some exclude both the collum and the pygidium, but such differences are merely a matter of definition for a "segment." 250 THE PAUROPODA The number of legs in an adult pauropod, except in one known species, is invariably nine pairs, the first pair being on the second body segment, the last on the tenth (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTOMOLOGY 322 LABS 13 & 14 Insect Mouthparts
    ENTOMOLOGY 322 LABS 13 & 14 Insect Mouthparts The diversity in insect mouthparts may explain in part why insects are the predominant form of multicellular life on earth (Bernays, 1991). Insects, in one form or another, consume essentially every type of food on the planet, including most terrestrial invertebrates, plant leaves, pollen, fungi, fungal spores, plant fluids (both xylem and phloem), vertebrate blood, detritus, and fecal matter. Mouthparts are often modified for other functions as well, including grooming, fighting, defense, courtship, mating, and egg manipulation. This tremendous morphological diversity can tend to obscure the essential appendiculate nature of insect mouthparts. In the following lab exercises we will track the evolutionary history of insect mouthparts by comparing the mouthparts of a generalized insect (the cricket you studied in the last lab) to a variety of other arthropods, and to the mouthparts of some highly modified insects, such as bees, butterflies, and cicadas. As mentioned above, the composite nature of the arthropod head has lead to considerable debate as to the true homologies among head segments across the arthropod classes. Table 13.1 is presented below to help provide a framework for examining the mouthparts of arthropods as a whole. 1. Obtain a specimen of a horseshoe crab (Merostoma: Limulus), one of the few extant, primitively marine Chelicerata. From dorsal view, note that the body is divided into two tagmata, the anterior Figure 13.1 (Brusca & Brusca, 1990) prosoma (cephalothorax) and the posterior opisthosoma (abdomen) with a caudal spine (telson) at its end (Fig. 13.1). In ventral view, note that all locomotory and feeding appendages are located on the prosoma and that all except the last are similar in shape and terminate in pincers.
    [Show full text]
  • From Ghost and Mud Shrimp
    Zootaxa 4365 (3): 251–301 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5AC71E8-2F60-448E-B50D-22B61AC11E6A Parasites (Isopoda: Epicaridea and Nematoda) from ghost and mud shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea) with descriptions of a new genus and a new species of bopyrid isopod and clarification of Pseudione Kossmann, 1881 CHRISTOPHER B. BOYKO1,4, JASON D. WILLIAMS2 & JEFFREY D. SHIELDS3 1Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West @ 79th St., New York, New York 10024, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Table of contents Abstract . 252 Introduction . 252 Methods and materials . 253 Taxonomy . 253 Isopoda Latreille, 1817 . 253 Bopyroidea Rafinesque, 1815 . 253 Ionidae H. Milne Edwards, 1840. 253 Ione Latreille, 1818 . 253 Ione cornuta Bate, 1864 . 254 Ione thompsoni Richardson, 1904. 255 Ione thoracica (Montagu, 1808) . 256 Bopyridae Rafinesque, 1815 . 260 Pseudioninae Codreanu, 1967 . 260 Acrobelione Bourdon, 1981. 260 Acrobelione halimedae n. sp. 260 Key to females of species of Acrobelione Bourdon, 1981 . 262 Gyge Cornalia & Panceri, 1861. 262 Gyge branchialis Cornalia & Panceri, 1861 . 262 Gyge ovalis (Shiino, 1939) . 264 Ionella Bonnier, 1900 .
    [Show full text]
  • Order HARPACTICOIDA Manual Versión Española
    Revista IDE@ - SEA, nº 91B (30-06-2015): 1–12. ISSN 2386-7183 1 Ibero Diversidad Entomológica @ccesible www.sea-entomologia.org/IDE@ Class: Maxillopoda: Copepoda Order HARPACTICOIDA Manual Versión española CLASS MAXILLOPODA: SUBCLASS COPEPODA: Order Harpacticoida Maria José Caramujo CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. [email protected] 1. Brief definition of the group and main diagnosing characters The Harpacticoida is one of the orders of the subclass Copepoda, and includes mainly free-living epibenthic aquatic organisms, although many species have successfully exploited other habitats, including semi-terrestial habitats and have established symbiotic relationships with other metazoans. Harpacticoids have a size range between 0.2 and 2.5 mm and have a podoplean morphology. This morphology is char- acterized by a body formed by several articulated segments, metameres or somites that form two separate regions; the anterior prosome and the posterior urosome. The division between the urosome and prosome may be present as a constriction in the more cylindric shaped harpacticoid families (e.g. Ectinosomatidae) or may be very pronounced in other familes (e.g. Tisbidae). The adults retain the central eye of the larval stages, with the exception of some underground species that lack visual organs. The harpacticoids have shorter first antennae, and relatively wider urosome than the copepods from other orders. The basic body plan of harpacticoids is more adapted to life in the benthic environment than in the pelagic environment i.e. they are more vermiform in shape than other copepods. Harpacticoida is a very diverse group of copepods both in terms of morphological diversity and in the species-richness of some of the families.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Arthropoda
    Phylum Arthropoda General Characteristics of phylum shared by members of all subphyla: -chitinous, hardened exoskeleton that must be shed to grow -obvious segmentation (metamerism) -paired, jointed appendages on many segments Subphylum: Trilobita body plan: head, thorax, pygidium compound eyes antennae mandibles for feeding? branched (biramous) lappendages respiration by gills? able to roll up like pill bugs once most common arthropod, now completely extinct Subphylum: Myriopoda (centipedes, millipedes) body plan: head, long trunk lack compound eyes single pair of antennae mandibles for feeding Major Groups : unbranched legs on most segments Chilopoda (centipedes) respiration by tracheae Diplopoda (millipedes) Subphylum Chelicerata: (spiders, horshoe crab, scorpions, mites, ticks) body plan: cephalothorax, abdomen most lack compound eyes no antennae Major Classes : chelicerae for feeding (no mandibles) Merostomata (horshoe crabs) four pairs of unbranched legs Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks) respiration by gills, book lungs, book gills or tracheae Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Subphylum Crustacea: (crabs, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles, pill bugs, water fleas) body plan: cephalothorax, abdomen, tail compound eyes two pairs of antennae Major Classes : mandibles for feeding Malacostraca (shrimp, crab, pill bugs, amphipods) branched (biramous) appendages Branchiopoda (water fleas, brine shrimp, fairy shrimp) respiration by gills Maxillipoda (copepods, seed shrimp, barnacles) only subphylum that is mostly aquatic Subphylum: Hexapoda (beetles, flies, bugs, crickets, mayflies, dragonflies, moths, wasps, etc.) body plan: head, thorax, abdomen compound eyes single pair of antennae mandibles for feeding three pairs of unbranched legs Major Groups : two pairs of wings Apterygota (wingless insects; springtails, silverfish) respiration by tracheae Pterygota (flying insects; dragonflies, butterflies, etc) includes only invertebrates that can fly.
    [Show full text]
  • MYRIAPODS 767 Volume 2 (M-Z), Pp
    In: R. Singer, (ed.), 1999. Encyclopedia of Paleontology, MYRIAPODS 767 volume 2 (M-Z), pp. 767-775. Fitzroy Dearborn, London. MYRIAPODS JVlyriapods are many-legged, terrestrial arthropods whose bodies groups, the Trilobita, Chelicerata, Crustacea, and the Uniramia, the are divided into two major parts, a head and a trunk. The head last consisting of the Myriapoda, Hexapoda, and Onychophora (vel- bears a single pair of antennae, highly differentiated mandibles (or vet worms). However, subsequent structural and molecular evidence jaws), and at least one pair of maxillary mouthparts; the trunk indicates that there are several characters uniting major arthropod region consists of similar "metameres," each of which is a func- taxa. Moreover, paleobiologic, embryologie, and other evidence tional segment that bears one or two pairs of appendages. Gas demonstrates that myriapods and hexapods are fiindamentally exchange is accomplished by tracheae•a branching network of polyramous, having two major articulating appendages per embry- specialized tubules•although small forms respire through the ological body segment, like other arthropods. body wall. Malpighian organs are used for excretion, and eyes con- A fourth proposal (Figure ID) suggests that myriapods are sist of clusters of simple, unintegrated, light-sensitive elements an ancient, basal arthropod lineage, and that the Hexapoda that are termed ommatidia. These major features collectively char- emerged as an independent, relatively recent clade from a rather acterize the five major myriapod clades: Diplopoda (millipeds), terminal crustacean lineage, perhaps the Malacostraca, which con- Chilopoda (centipeds), Pauropoda (pauropods), Symphyla (sym- tains lobsters and crabs (Ballard et al. 1992). Because few crusta- phylans), and Arthropleurida (arthropleurids). Other features cean taxa were examined in this analysis, and due to the Cambrian indicate differences among these clades.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
    Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux.
    [Show full text]
  • Zborník Príspevkov Z Vedeckého Kongresu „Zoológia 2016“
    Slovenská zoologická spoločnosť pri SAV a Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre Zborník príspevkov z vedeckého kongresu „Zoológia 2016“ Zuzana Krumpálová, Martina Zigová & Filip Tulis (eds) Nitra 2016 Editori Zuzana Krumpálová, Martina Zigová & Filip Tulis Garanti podujatia doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Josef Bryja, Ph.D. doc. PaedDr. Stanislav David, PhD. RNDr. Anton Krištín, DrSc. Vedecký výbor (recenzenti) Organizačný výbor RNDr. Michal Ambros, PhD. doc. Mgr. Ivan Baláž, PhD. (predseda) doc. Mgr. Ivan Baláž, PhD. RNDr. Michal Ambros, PhD. doc. Mgr. Peter Fenďa, PhD. RNDr. Peter Bačkor, PhD. doc. Vladimír Kubovčík, PhD. Mgr. Henrich Grežo, PhD. doc. RNDr. Zuzana Krumpálová, PhD. doc. Ing. Vladimír Kubovčík, PhD. Ing. Peter Lešo, PhD. Mgr. Peter Manko, PhD. Mgr. Peter Manko, PhD. Mgr. Ladislav Pekárik, PhD. RNDr. Roman Slobodník, PhD. RNDr. Peter Petluš, PhD. doc. RNDr. Michal Stanko, DrSc. Ing. Viera Petlušová, PhD. doc. Ing. Peter Urban, PhD. RNDr. Roman Slobodník, PhD. Mgr. Michal Ševčík Mgr. Filip Tulis, PhD. Mgr. Martina Zigová Mgr. Martin Zemko Publikované príspevky boli recenzované. Za odbornú úroveň príspevkov zodpovedajú autori a recenzenti. Rukopis neprešiel jazykovou úpravou. Vydavateľ: Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre Edícia: Prírodovedec č. 645 Formát: B5 Rok vydania: 2016 Miesto vydania: Nitra Počet strán: 250 Tlač: Vydavateľstvo SPU v Nitre Náklad: 150 kusov © Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre ISBN 978-80-558-1102-4 Všetky práva vyhradené. Žiadna časť textu ani ilustrácie nemôžu byť použité na ďalšie šírenie akoukoľvek formou bez predchádzajúceho súhlasu autora alebo vydavateľa. Vedecké príspevky sú zoradené podľa priezviska autora príspevku v abecednom poradí. „Zoológia 2016“ 24. – 26. november 2016, Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre Program kongresu „Zoológia 2016“ 24.
    [Show full text]