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I-San Lower Northeast Nakhon Ratchasima Buri Ram Surin Ubon Ratchathani Yasothon Si Sa Ket Chaiyaphum Amnat Charoen Contents Nakhon Ratchasima 12 Yasothon 36 Buri Ram 22 Si Sa Ket 40 Surin 26 Chaiyaphum 46 Ubon Ratchathani 30 Amnat Charoen 50 Loei 222 Nakhonakho Phanomm UUddono Thani 22 203 22 210 210 2 NNoongn Bua LamL Phu SakonSa Nakhonakh n 223 227 Lao PDR 201 12 228 213 12 212 MukdahanMukM d Mekong River Chaiyaphumaiyaphum Amnamnamna Chulabhon Dam g Yasothonon BanBa Thaen Phetchabun Khon KaeK n Kalasin UbonUUbbono Ratchh 209 Nakhhonon RRatchasimaa Phu Khiao Wildlifee ReReserveve Phu Khiaohiao Si Saa KeK t PhuP ThamTh m Phra PhuPhu Sa S DDokokok Bua Nong Phok Burrir Ram Surin 208 213 NatiNational PaParkrkk Namtok Tat Mok 214 Kaset SombunSo Loeng Nokok TTha 201 ChanumaC n Thaiai CharoenC 113 Mahaha Sarakhamrrak 212 KhemaratK Nong Bua Daeng RoiRo EEtt 229 Senangkhanikhom Tat Ton 23 Kut Chum 21 NationalN Park Kaeng Khroroo Wat Tham 202 PhraP Mongkhong Na Tan Phu LLaen KhaKha National Park Sai Mun Saeng Phet Pathumathu Khonon Sawan 219 Ming Mueang RatchawongsaRa w Sai Thong Natationali na Park Yassoothonth Pa Tio Nong Bua Rawe ChaiyaphumChaiyiyaph m Bann Si ThaThan Phakdkdi ChumphonC Phrathat Lue Amnat AmnatA Chaharor en 207 Kongng KhaoKh Noi Pho Sai Waeng Noi 214 Hua Taphanph Phana Kut KhaopunKha Ch Ban Khwao Na PhoP 215 i River Kham Khueanan KaeKaeoo Kaeng SanamSanam NangNaan Bua Lai Trakan Phuet Phon Namtokok Saengg ChanC 201 202 Ban Mai Chaiyaphotiy 202 Wat Phraa LaoLa Thep Nimimiit Pa Hin Ngamm Chatturat Pha Taem Ban Lueam BuaB Yai Maha Chaanan Chaaii LordLoL Buddha'sBudd Footprinntt Muang Sam Sip Natioonal Parkrk NoenN Sa-nga 202 National Park Prathaihai 23 Si Mueang Maaii Bamnet Narongon Khong Sida PhutthaisongPhutth song 212 Lao Sueaa Ko K k Kham Sakaesaenaesaeng 207 Mueang Yang ChumphonCh Buri KKhho Wangng Khueangeang NaN i Wat Tham Khuhah ha SSawanaw NonNo Daengaengg RattanaburRatta i DonDo Mot Daeng Khong ChiamChih a PhraP Thongg KhaK m Wat Nongon BuaBu Tan Sum ThepT Sathit BanBPan PrPPrasatasata Bueng Bun r Pak Mun Dam Lamam ThamenchaiThah Satuekue Rive Thepharakepharha Archaeologicalchaaeeol ical Site Ban Ta Klangg Tha Tum Rasisi Salai Yang Chum Noi Phibunun Mangsahan KKaaenge g Tana Wat BanB Rai ChumChu Phuang MunM Rive ElephantE h Vi Villlaglll e 217 NationalNti io l PPark 205 PhimaiP mai Sanoomm Mueangang ChaCh n Sawang Wirawong Lam Sonthi Khu MueangM UbonUUbon RatchathaniRa hathhani WaW rin Chamrap Sirindhornndhorn Non Thaiai 2 HistoricalHist Park 214 PhoP Si Suwan Dan Khun Thot PhimaPhhimam i 219 Prasatasatat Ban PPrasat I-San Lower Northeast NonNon Sung Chomom Phra UthumphonUthumpphp on Phisai WaW t Nong Pa Phongg Chongg Mek Ban Dan Huaiai Thap Than 226 Samrongam g ImmigrationI ig i Nakhon Ratchasima SilverwareS and Silk VViillagellages Samrongam Thapap Kanthararomanthara m Na Yia Nakhokhonn PrasatPPrasa a Hin PhPhanom Wan Lamam Plai Mat CheckpoinCh k i t 205 Huai Thalaeng Khwao PrasatP as SSii Saa KeKt 24 Sirindhornir horn DDamm Buri Ram CChhakkarat BuriBuri Ram NonN KhunKhu 201 Ratchasimahahasiasimama 226 Sinarin Si Khoraphuphup um Wat Sa KamphaengKamp YaY i Kham TThhale So Sikhoraphum Phayuayu Nam Kliangan Surin SikhioS Chaloem Phra Kiat Huaiuai Rat Prasat Prangra Ku DetD Udom KrasanKra ang 221 Ubon Ratchathani MueangMMuea g Semama Historical Site Si Narong Prang Ku WaW ng Hin BenchalaBBen k 21 SungSSu Noen 219 224 218 220 Yasothon Nong Hong SuriSurir n Sa-ang Village Si Rattana Buntharik Lamtakhongkhongho DamDaam 24 Dan Kwian Phlapphlaphla Chai Lamduan Phraira Bueng CeramicsCera Villageage ChamniC Khukhanan Thungg SiS Udom Si Sa Ket Petrifiedified WWooodo Parrkk 24 Pak Chong Kantharalak Nong Ki Prasatat Sangkha Chaiyaphum Pak Thong Chai Chok ChaiCh Nong Bunnak Khun HanHan 24 2 Phu Sing Nam Khun Na Chaluaii Phu Chongg Na Yoi Amnat Charoen Nang Rongg Chaloemalo Prakhon Chai PrasatPras t Hin Hi Ban Phluang PhraP ra Kiat Nam Yuen NationalN i l Park P k NonN SuwanSu 214 Buachet Khao Yai Phanomm Rungg Kap ChoengCh Pha Mo I-daeng Saraburirab National Park Khon Buri Soeng SangS HistoricalHi riic l ParPk Prasatat Hin Mueangng TaT m The Temple of Ruins Preah Vihear Pakham Prasat TTaa Muean Phanom Dong Rak Main Highway 329 304 Wang Nam Khiao Ban KruaKru t Lahan Sai Chongg Chom Provincial Highway Immigrationi CCheckpoinh k t ChongC g Phra Phalai 33 Immigrationi i ChCheckpoink t 309 1 Non Din Daeng Road Railway NakhonNa on NayoNay k 348 Kingdom of Cambodia Country Boundary Line 305 PrachinPr BuriB Loei 222 Nakhonakho Phanomm UdonUdo Thani 22 203 22 210 210 2 NongNon Bua LamL Phu SakonSa Nakhonakh n 223 227 Lao PDR 201 12 228 213 12 212 MukdahanMukdM Mekong River Chulabhon Dam g BanBa Thaenn Phetchabun Khon KaenK Kalasin 209 Phu Khiao Wildlife Reserve Phu Khiaohiao Phu Tham Phra Phu Sa Dok Bua NNong Phok 208 213 National Park Namtok Tat Mok 214 Kaset SombuSo n Loeng Nokok TTha 201 Chanuman Thaiai CharoenC 113 Mahaha Sarakhamrrak 212 KhemaratK Nong Bua Daeng RoiRo Et 229 Senangkhanikhom Tat Ton 23 Kut Chum 21 National Park Kaeng KhroKhroroo Wat Tham 202 Phra Mongkhon Na Tan Phu Laen Kha National Park Sai Munn Saeng Phet Pathumathu KhonK on Sawan 219 Ming Mueang RRaatchawongsw a Sai Thong National Park Yassoothonth Pa Tio Nong Bua Rawe ChaiyaphumChaiyiyaph m Phakdkdi ChumphonC Phrathat Lue Amnat AmnatA Charharrooen 207 Kong Khao Noi Pho Sai Waeng Noi 214 Hua Taphanph Phana Kut KhaopuKha n Chi Rive Ban Khwao Na PhoP 215 Kham Khueanan KaeoKaeo Kaeng SanamSanam NangNaan Bua Laii Trakan Phuet Phon Namtok Saeng Chan 201 202 Ban Mai Chaiyaphotiy 202 Wat Phra Lao Thep Nimit Pa Hin Ngam Chatturat Pha Taem Ban Lueam Bua Yai Maha Chaanna Ch Lord Buddha's Footprint Muang Sam Sipp National Park NoenNoeN n Sa-nga 202 National Park Prathaihai 23 Si Mueang Maiai Bamnet Narongon Khong Sida PhutthaisongPhutth song 212 Lao Sueaa Kok K Kham Sakaesaengaesaeng 207 Mueang Yang ChumphonCh Buri KhoKh Wangng Khueangeang NaiN Wat Tham Khuha Sawan NonNo Daengaeng Rattanaburatta i Don Mot Daeng Khong ChiamChih a Phra Thongg KhaK m Wat Nong Bua Tan Sum Thep Sathit Ban Prasat Bueng BunBun r Pak Mun Dam Lamam Thamenchaihah Satuekue Rive Thepharakepharha Archaeological Site Ban Ta Klang Tha Tum Rasisi Salai Yang Chum Noi Phibunun Mangsahan Kaeng Tana Wat Ban Rai ChumChu Phuang MunM Rive Elephant Village 217 National Park 205 Phimai Sanoomm Mueangang ChaCh n Sawang Wirawong Lam Sonthi Khu MueanM g UbonUUbon RatchathaniRa hathhani WaW rin Chamrap Sirindhorndhorn Non 2 Historical Park 214 Suwan Dan Khun Thot PPhhimaihimmai 219 Prasat Ban Prasat I-San Lower Northeast ung Chomom Phra hisai Wat Nong Pa Phong Chong Mek Ban Dan Huaiai Thap Than 226 mrongm g Immigration Nakhon Ratchasima Samrongam Thaapp Kanth Na Yia Nakhokho Prasat Hin Phanom Wan Lamam Plai Mat Checkpoint 205 Huai Thalaeng Khwao Prasat KetK t 24 Sirindhorn Dam Buri Ram CChhakkarat BuriBuri Ram 201 Ratchasimahahasiasasiima 226 Sinarin Si Khoraphum Wat Sa Kamphaeng Yai Kham ThaleTh So Sikhoraphum Phayuayu Nam Klianang Surin o Chaloem Phra Kiat Huaiuai Ratt Prasat Prang Ku DetD Udom KKrrasana ang 221 Ubon Ratchathani Mueang Sema Historical Site Si Narong Prang Ku WaW ng Hin BBeenchalakn 21 ng Noen 219 224 218 220 Yasothon Nong Hong SurinSurrin Sa-ang Village Si Rattana Buntharik Lamtakhong Dam 24 Dan Kwian Phlapphlaphla Chai Lamduan Phraira Bueng Ceramics Village Chamni Khukhanan Thungg SiS Udom Si Sa Ket Petrified Wood Park 24 Pak Chong Kantharalak Nong Ki Prasatat Sangkha Chaiyaphum Pak Thong Chai Chok ChaCh i Nong Bunnak Khun HanHan 24 2 Phu Sing Nam Khun Na Chaluai Phu Chong Na Yoi Amnat Charoen Nang Rongg ChaloemC alo Prakhon Chaii Prasat Hin Ban Phluang PhraP ra Kiat NamN Yuen National Park NonN SuwaSu n 214 Buachet Khao Yai Phanom Rung Kap ChoengCh Pha Mo I-daeng Saraburirab National Park Khon Buri Soeng SangS Historical Park Prasat Hin Mueang Tam The Temple of Ruins Preah Vihear Pakham Prasat Ta Muean Phanom Dong Rak Main Highway 329 304 Wang Nam Khiao BanBan Kruat Kru Lahan Sai Chong Chom Provincial Highway Immigration Checkpoint Chong Phra Phalai 33 Immigration Checkpoint 309 1 Non Din Daeng Road Railway NakhonNa on NayokNay 348 Kingdom of Cambodia Country Boundary Line 305 PrachinPr BurB i 0 11 Northeast Thailand, or I-san as it is called in Thai, covers roughly one-third of the Kingdom’s land area, and for ease of travellers’ orientation it is best divided into upper and lower regions. All of the Northeast is exceptional in its rural landscapes, his- tory and folk culture, while the upper and lower regions have their own distinct attractions, the latter most notably has the finest Khmer ruins to be seen in Thailand, as well as towns and villages with individual character and sights. Namtok Heo Suwat, Nakhon Ratchasima Phrathat Kong Khao Noi, Yasothon I-San Lower Northeast Thailand as its most traditional, friendly, charming, and endlessly fascinating. From tranquil villages to awesome temple ruins, it’s a world of discovery. Gateway to the Lower Northeast is Nakhon Ratchasima, also known as Khorat. This is I-san’s largest province, covering an area of 20,494 sq. km., with the provincial capital of the same name located 259 km. northeast of Bangkok. The city has since ancient times been a key administrative centre and remains the main transportation hub and economic heart of the Lower Northeast. Historic importance is witnessed in a number of superb ancient Khmer ruins, while scenically the province is rich in nature’s bounty with forests, hills, and waterfalls, the best scenery being preserved and readily accessible in Khao Yai National Park. Furthermore, the area is well known for a variety of quality handicrafts. City Attractions Thao Suranari Monument Erected in 1933 and located in the centre of Nakhon Ratcha- sima, the monument honours the Thai heroine known locally as Ya Mo.
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    A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR UNDER-REPORTED CHILD DIARRHEA A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING UNDER-REPORTED INCIDENCE RATES WITH APPLICATION TO CHILD DIARRHEA IN THAI PROVINCES BORDERING CAMBODIA Sulawan Yotthanoo1 and Chamnein Choonpradub2 1Department of Statistics, School of Science and Technology, Naresuan University, Phayao; 2Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, Thailand Abstract. Diarrhea is a major health problem in Thailand, but reported data of disease incidence are known or suspected to be under-reported. This study aimed to develop a statistical model for estimating the annual incidence of hospital diarrhea cases among children under five years. Data regarding diarrhea patients 0-4 years old were col- lected for the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance (Report 506) about Thai prov- inces bordering Cambodia during 1999-2004 by the Ministry of Public Health. A log- linear regression model based on the prevailing seasonal-trend pattern was used for diarrhea incidence as a function of quarter, year and district, after imputing rates where under-reporting was evident, using populations obtained from the 2000 population census. The model also takes any spatial correlation between districts into account, using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method. Diarrhea incidence had sea- sonal peaks in the first quarter (January to March) and the trend steadily increased from 1999 to 2004. Results from such studies can help health authorities develop pre- vention policies. Key words: child diarrhea, statistical model, BEE method, linear regression INTRODUCTION third of all deaths in this age group are as- sociated with diarrhea. Approximately 1.5 Diarrhea is one of the world’s top five billion diarrhea episodes and 4 million infectious disease causes of death (Brownlie deaths occur annually among children age et al, 2006) and remains a major cause of less than five years (Vargas et al, 2004).
  • Assessment of Companion Modelling Effects for Integrated Farming and Sustainable Renewable Resource Management in Lam Dom Yai Watershed, Ubon Ratchathani Province

    Assessment of Companion Modelling Effects for Integrated Farming and Sustainable Renewable Resource Management in Lam Dom Yai Watershed, Ubon Ratchathani Province

    ASSESSMENT OF COMPANION MODELLING EFFECTS FOR INTEGRATED FARMING AND SUSTAINABLE RENEWABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN LAM DOM YAI WATERSHED, UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCE MANITCHARA THONGNOI THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE EQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE MAJOR IN INTEGRATED FARMING FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UBON RAJATHANEE UNIVERSITY YEAR 2008 COPYRIGHT OF UBON RAJATHANEE UNIVERSITY I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research conducted formed the basis of this thesis and the completion of the M.Sc. in Integrated Farming program. I am very grateful for the support many people have given me throughout the research. I would like to acknowledge Associate Professor Dr.Nuntiya Hutanuwatr, the chairperson of the advisory committee and Associate Professor Dr.Worapong Suriyapat, all of whom gave me sound advice as consultants throughout the research process. I am most grateful to Dr.Guy Trébuil from CU-CIRAD ComMod project, who took a very active part in advising this study. I also acknowledge my companion modelling approach (ComMod) consultants and the main resource people Dr.Christophe Le Page, CIRAD project coordinator for Echel-Eau Project scholarship, Dr.Ingon Trébuil, and Mr.Warong Naivinit. I thank Associate Professor Dr.Nantana Gajaseni, on the thesis committee at Chulalongkorn University. The residents of Ban Mak Mai village, Tombon Klang, Det Udom district, Ubon Ratchathani province for their cooperation and valuable time during the repeated interviews in the ComMod process. I also received kind support and encouragement from friends and lecturers at the Faculty of Agriculture Dr.Praneet Ngamsnae, Associate Professor Dr.Narong Hutanuwatr, Dr.Prayong Udomworaparnt, Dr.Kritsna Siripon, and the thesis editor Mr.Michael Beljak, Faculty of Liberal Art, Ubon Ratchathani University.