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Mekong Cultural Diversity Beyond Borders TABATA Yukitsugu, SATO Katsura (eds.) Mekong Cultural Diversity Beyond Borders Proceedings for the International Seminar & Symposium on Southeast Asian Cultural Heritage Studies Today March 2020 Institute for Cultural Heritage, Waseda University TABATA Yukitsugu, SATO Katsura (eds.) Mekong Cultural Diversity Beyond Borders Proceedings for the International Seminar & Symposium on Southeast Asian Cultural Heritage Studies Today March 2020 Institute for Cultural Heritage, Waseda University Notes The following are the proceedings of the International Seminar "Southeast Asian Cultural Heritage Studies Today" and Symposium "To Know and Share about Cultural Heritage" held on 23, 24 and 25 January, 2020, organized by the Institute for Cultural Heritage, Waseda University, as part of the project commissioned by the Agency for Cultural Affairs. Each paper of the Seminar was prepared by the presenter. The record of the Symposium was edited based on the presentation materials and audio recordings. 例 言 本報告書は、2020 年 1 月 23 日、24 日、25 日に文化庁委託事業として早稲田大学文化財総合調査研究所が開催した 国際研究会「東南アジア文化遺産研究の現在」及びシンポジウム「文化遺産を知り、そして伝える」の内容を収録した ものである。研究会の論考は各発表者により書き下ろされた。シンポジウムについては発表資料及び録音記録に基づい て編集した。 Mekong Cultural Diversity Beyond Borders Proceedings for the International Seminar & Symposium on Southeast Asian Cultural Heritage Studies Today March 2020 Published by Institute for Cultural Heritage, Waseda University Toyama 1-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8644, Japan TEL & FAX +81-(0)3-5286-3647 Edited by TABATA Yukitsugu, SATO Katsura © Agency for Cultural Affairs & Institute for Cultural Heritage, Waseda University All rights reserved. Table of Contents Part I Seminar on Southeast Asian Cultural Heritage Studies Today [Opening Remarks] What is the Creativity of the World Heritage Cities in Mekong Basin Countries ? ...... 1 NAKAGAWA Takeshi 1. Myanmar Session Teak Wood Architecture and Its Conservation at Myanmar ...... 3 Zar Chi Min Cultural Heritage Sites in Myanmar ..... 18 Soe Soe Lin 2. Laos Session Preserving and Inheriting Cultural Heritage of Laos ...... 23 Viengkeo Souksavatdy Archaeological Survey for Preservation at Dongphansen Ancient Site in Thakhek District, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR ...... 36 Ladtanaphim Souvannahong 3. Cambodia Session Survey on Ancient Drainage System of Preah Vihear Temple ...... 42 Pheng Sam Oeun Kok Dei Chhnang Kiln Site, Koh Ker ...... 45 Phin Phakdey 4. Thailand Session The Present State of Conservation of Phimai Cultural Route ...... 48 Vasu Poshyanandana Survival of Religious Heritage in Bangkok ...... 59 Bhadravarna Bongsaslip 5. Vietnam Session Heritage Management in Vietnam - Current Situation (In the Case of Archaeological Heritage) ...... 65 Lam Thi My Dung, Chu Lam Anh The Variation of Stone Tools at Nguom Rock-shelter and the Potential Researches to Identify the Process of Occupation of Modern Humans in MIS 3, Northern Vietnam ...... 74 Pham Thanh Son, Ben Marwick 6. Poster Session From Pyu to Bagan: Research Report on Pyu Ancient Cities and Bagan ...... 83 KUROIWA Chihiro, NARUI Itaru, KOIWA Masaki, and NAKAGAWA Takeshi Sambor Prei Kuk Conservation Project ...... 88 NARUI Itaru, YOKOYAMA Miku, NAKAGAWA, TABATA Yukitsugu, KOIWA Masaki, and So Sokuntheary Study of Earthenware from Sambor Prei Kuk in Cambodia ...... 94 YOKOYAMA Miku Towards the Conservation and Sustainable Development of Ta Nei Temple: Restoration of the East Gate ...... 99 Elif Berna Var Siem Reap/Angkor: Formative Process and Sustainable Development as a Tourism Station ...... 108 KUROIWA Chihiro, KOIWA Masaki, and NAKAGAWA Takeshi Archaeology Education in Thailand: Its Characteristics and Problems ...... 112 SHIRAISHI Hanako Part II Symposium "To Know and Share about Cultural Heritage" シンポジウム「文化遺産を知り、そして伝える」 1. Opening Remarks ...... 115 開会挨拶 HANAI Shunsuke 花井 俊介 2. Management of World Cultural Heritage ...... 117 世界文化遺産マネージメント Kong Puthikar コン・プティカ 3. Bagan; a World Heritage Site of Myanmar - Art, Architecture and Cultural Landscape - ...... 127 バガン：ミャンマーの世界遺産 ー 美術・建築・文化的景観 ー Thein Lwin テイン・ルイン 4. Cooperation Projects in Southeast Asian Countries by the Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties ...... 141 東南アジアにおける東京文化財研究所の文化遺産国際協力 TOMODA Masahiko 友田 正彦 5. International Projects on Cultural Heritage Studies in the Mekong Countries by Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties ...... 159 奈良文化財研究所の文化遺産国際協力：メコン流域諸国を中心に SATO Yuni 佐藤 由似 6. The Charm of Khmer Classical Dance ...... 176 カンボジア古典舞踊の魅力 YAMANAKA Hitomi 山中 ひとみ 7. Closing Remarks ...... 186 閉会挨拶 TABATA Yukitsugu 田畑 幸嗣 About the Speakers ...... 188 講演者プロフィール * * * Outline of the Seminar & Symposium ...... 191 研究会・シンポジウムの概要 Part I Seminar on Southeast Asian Cultural Heritage Studies Today [Opening Remarks] What is the Creativity of the World Heritage Cities in Mekong Basin Countries ? NAKAGAWA Takeshi Emeritus Professor, Waseda University From 2013, our team had several opportunities to figure the common future subjects in the UNESCO World Heritage sites and its frontal cities for utilization of the cultural heritages in the five Mekong basin countries and Japan. Our project is supported by JSPS, to establish the mutual cooperation by gathering university researchers mainly, and exchanging the experiences and ideas through a comprehensive survey by using own study method, viewpoint, and techniques for preservation and utilization of each cultural heritage to live up to their own characteristics and the geographical and historic commonality in the Mekong basin countries. Until today, we conducted workshops at Vat Phu, Hue, Ayutthaya and Tokyo. Today, I would like to make a review of three workshops in the recent years, which are Siem Reap & Angkor in 2017, Mandalay & Pyu Ancient cities in 2018, and Pyu & Bagan in 2019. Angkor monuments are registered with UNESCO world heritage site in 1992. In the next October in 1993, the 1st International Conference on Angkor Remedies Relief in Tokyo, and the 1st International Coordinating Meeting that is ICC-Angkor has taken on December. I visited the city of Angkor monuments and Siem Reap for the first time in October 1992 to make an investigation to prepare for the restoration works by the Japanese government aiming for the international restoration project as a leader country. At that time, Siem Reap historic area around Old Market survived in a civil war, still remaining two- story shophouses partly. However, the central Old Market was damaged and shops were not yet open. I stayed dark at night and I couldn’t walk because of the scattering of trash in the town. The guest-houses and small-marts were becoming opening from the surrounding areas rather than a central area. The number of tourists to Angkor ruins continues to increase even Cambodia is under the confusion by such as the first and second prime minister system after a general election in 1993 and the opposition of the two parties in 1997. By opening of the 21st century, the tourism development tendency became more significant. Still remaining the city structure since the French colonial period, even the open spaces of green and small but large numbers of ponds (water places) are changed into hotels, restaurants, souvenir shops, and a night market. When we realize the condition of the small town, it was changed to the grown city even worry about the frequency of building fires. Of course, the admins and shop owners have an idea to make their own town remarkable and harmonized place for the heritage of Angkor. Even there were some projects. One is the wooden bridge of Siem Reap River, designed by an expert of APSARA Authority to harmonize the landscape and his design to make an active riverside. And a comprehensive survey for a future city planning is conducted by JICA. They are always regarded to connect Siem Reap and Angkor such as in the infrastructure planning and even as a philosophical way of thinking. The international teams delegated to monuments conservation work also focused on Siem Reap. Such as the French university team at the end of the 1990s and the Japanese team from JSA/Waseda University in the beginning of this century, held workshops to propose the urban design of Siem Reap. And APSARA Authority has also surveyed and inspected the historic buildings. However, Opening Remarks 1 the crisis of the highly density development is in progress and the global tourism that can find in everywhere, every-city without uniqueness is influencing faster than any counter measures. Our Waseda University team has carried out on-site survey of the building in colonial age around the Historic Area with the cooperation of APSARA Authority, and the made a reconstructive study of initial planning in 8 shophouses. Furthermore, we explored to outside of the Historic Area, and continued similar survey of the high cultural valued buildings since the French colonial period, and progress our research to figure out the dynamisms of the city formation including the the upper and lower area of the river at present. We would like to learn from the history for thinking « what is the best way of appearance of Siem Reap as a base town for Angkor area ». And also, clarify the common characteristics in Indo- china landscape and architecture styles of colonial cities, we hope we can find the way to utilize the cultural heritages and the uniqueness to consider the future directions of the city Siem Reap. On the other hand, in 2018, we made a workshop in a cooperation with Technological University Mandalay (TUM) for a comparative study of Pyu Ancient Cities. The actual condition and
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