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Socioeconomic Impact on Kampung Baru: Revisiting the Policy for the New Malaysia

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Socioeconomic Impact on Kampung Baru: Revisiting the Policy for the New Malaysia (2019) 24 JUUM Socioeconomic Impact on Kampung Baru: Revisiting the Policy for the New Malaysia SYAHMI @ MUHAMMAD SYAHMI JAAFAR ADAM ABU HANIPAH CHONG KA FOO Abstract The Kampung Baru represent a type of settlement that is unique to Peninsular Malaysia.This terms refer to villages built during the emergency as a military strategy under the Emergency Ordinance and also known as the Briggs Plan (1948-1960).The main aim of this article is to investigate the effects of development projects implementation on New Village at Peninsular Malaysia in Year 2017. In 2002, the Kajian Pelan Induk Kampung Baru (PIKB) was implemented under the designation of the Economic Planning Unit (EPU). PIKB's main objective is to integrate the new village in terms of physical, social, economic and political in the flow of state development. At the same time, taking into account the traditions, culture and historical value of Kampung Baru, strategies to perpetuate the features of Kampung Baru that have the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction are also taken. The objectives of this article are; to investigate the impact and effectiveness of construction of infrastructure, socioeconomics and landscaping facilities in Kampung Baru; to assess the level of satisfaction of the Kampung Baru residents towards the Kampung Baru development program which has been implemented; and to examine the problem of infrastructure, socioeconomics and landscaping facilities faced by the residents of Kampung Baru. After 9th May 2018 seems the new dawn of Malaysia, the new Government may have a new policy in alleviating Kampung Baru to a new dimension. It is a hope that this article can give clear perspective and way forward on the socioeconomic impact of Kampung Baru with the new government policy. Keywords: Kampong Baru, Socioeconomic, Government Policy, Development, Local Government INTRODUCTION The Kampung Baru terms refer to villages Baru were developed while 48 existing built during the emergency as a military villages were included in the program. The strategy under the Emergency Ordinance tabulation of Kampung Baru can be seen and also known as the Briggs Plan (1948- from the below diagram: 1960). During this time, 382 of Kampung (2019) 24 JUUM The special origins of the Kampong resettlement programme was "the gathering Baru are attributed to a key strategy of the together under administration and protection British colonial administration to re-assert of families who are, or may be, subject to political control over Malaya. One of the bandit influence".2 The word "bandit" was core military actions adopted was aimed at the official description for anti-colonial isolating the scattered and often armed anti- bands against whom the British colonial units. Hence a countrywide move administrators were waging an armed was set in motion to "resettle" widely conflict to win the "hearts and minds" of the dispersed inhabitants in the rural areas. The people. targeted population was primarily the Four basic aims were identified for the Chinese many of whom were identified in resettlement programme. These were to an official report as "squatters" who insulate the "Communist gunmen" from occupied state and private land1. The their main source of supply and to protect (2019) 24 JUUM the squatters from coercion; to establish a Minister's Department which aiming at 80% degree of security that would give people achievement.5 (Statistik Penggunaan Sub the confidence to supply information about Modul SKT 2016 Bagi Jabatan Perdana the enemies; to break up the cells and Menteri, 2016) organizations of the enemies, and to force them to attack security forces on the latter's OBJECTIVE OF ARTICLE ground. 3 In a hasty military operation, the colonial government succeeded in relocating The main aim of this article paper is to half a million rural inhabitants into more investigate the effects of development than 400 compact villages between 1949 and projects implementation on New Village at 1954.4 Peninsular Malaysia which is started in Year Under the administration of the 2017. The objectives of this study are to Ministry of Housing and Local Government investigate the impact and effectiveness of (KPKT) the definition for Kampung Baru construction of infrastructure, has been expanded to include the villages socioeconomics and landscaping facilities in created after the emergency and have the Kampung Baru; to assess the level of aesthetic characteristics that must be satisfaction of the Kampung Baru residents maintained. The number of Kampung Baru towards the Kampung Baru development has changed over time from 480 villages program which has been implemented; and recorded in 1954 to 452 villages in 2005. to examine the problem of infrastructure, The New Village Master Plan study has socioeconomics and landscaping facilities been conducted and found that the actual faced by the residents of Kampung Baru. number of Kampung Baru throughout The above objective is pertinent to Peninsular Malaysia under the KPKT list is be reviewed due to the fact that if the project as much 450 village. Now, under the development whether a policy, program or administration of Prime Minister’s project didn’t achieves the goals set and Department, the number of Kampung Baru benefits the target group or otherwise, it increase to 613 villages might ruin the project success. Project (http://ekgbaru.jpm.gov.my). effectiveness maybe assessed by different In 2002, the Kajian Pelan Induk interest groups – stockholders, managers, Kampung Baru (PIKB) was implemented customers, employees and so on. Criteria for under the designation of the Economic measuring project success must therefore Planning Unit (EPU). PIKB's main objective reflect different views.6 Putting people first is to integrate the new village in terms of in development projects comes down to physical, social, economic and political in tailoring the design and implementation of the flow of state development. At the same projects to needs and capabilities of people time, taking into account the traditions, who are supposed to benefit from them. 7 culture and historical value of Kampung Putting people first in development Baru, strategies to perpetuate the features of programs is no less an imperative now than Kampung Baru that have the potential to be before: in fact, it is even more readily developed as a tourist attraction are also recognized as the crucial requirement for taken. inducing accelerated development. 8 Furthermore, the implementation of Similarly, different people, even if this study is a Key Performance Indicator they are part of the same organization, will (KPI) of YB Datuk Seri Ir. Dr. Wee view success in different way at different KaSiong; the previous Minister in the Prime times. No wonder that the notion of project (2019) 24 JUUM success is so rarely agreed upon. 9 multipurpose hall for the Kampung Baru. Therefore, this study will be the basis for the This survey was conducted within six coordination and improvement of the months in year 2017, i.e. from April 2017 program through Kampung Baru’s resident till October 2017. Among 1,839 feedback on implementation of the questionnaire form distributed, 1,386 people development project that has been were responded. implemented at all Kampung Baru in The second stage questionnaire Peninsular Malaysia on year 2017. The survey was conducted via face to face scope of this study is to assess the impact of interview in order to clarify the queries the implementation of small projects in the raised from first stage survey. It is an gotong-royong with the focus on project unstructured set of questionnaire aimed to implementation under the provisions of the find out the reason behind some of the New Village Development. This study responses in the first stage survey by the covers 613 of Kampung Baru throughout PKP and the Chairman of the JKKK Peninsular Malaysia. 10 randomly in its area. Respondents were selected among the residents of Kampung FACT FINDING OF THE ARTICLE Baru but did not include JKKK members in order to ensure the feedback received was Quantitative methodology will be adapted in transparent and fair. For example, question this article. This is because quantitative was set in order to find out the reason in methodology is suitable for this large sample which the respondent gave a negative of research as it tend to save time and answer for the project development had money while collecting data. Plus, this done at Kampung Baru but a positive method is convenience for respondents to answer on the outcome of the project answer the questions and collect the data development. Subsequent to that, random needed for analysis. Primary data were site visit was conducted in order to observe collected through the distribution of the existing physical conditions and newly questionnaires. This questionnaire survey completed project development in Kampung covered the three areas, i.e. demographic Baru. info, project satisfaction feedback, suggestion on upcoming project. BACKGROUND OF THE ARTICLE First stage, questionnaires survey was conducted by distributed to the The history, growth and development of Chairman of the Village Security and New Villages also known as Kampung Baru Development Committee (JKKK) through in Malaysia are common issues of the New Village Development Officer discussion. The actions of relevant (PKP) to the people who are stakeholder for authorities to deal with the persistent the New Villages which is the New Village problems of Kampung Baru have seldom residents. This survey group of people know been comprehensive and successful. Issues well about their Kampung Baru as most of of politics, live ability and sustainability are them were born and grew up there. This was discussed in relation to the future of a semi-structured questionnaire in which it Kampung Baru in this country.11 A recent included questions that allow locals to made study has revealed that some New Villages recommendations, e.g.
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