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Saamelaisten Kansanopetuksen Ja Koulunkäynnin Historia Suomessa

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Saamelaisten Kansanopetuksen Ja Koulunkäynnin Historia Suomessa Keskitalo, Lehtola ja Paksuniemi Pigga Keskitalo, Veli-Pekka Lehtola ja Pigga Keskitalo, Merja Paksuniemi (toim.) Veli-Pekka Lehtola ja Merja Paksuniemi Saamelaisten Saamelaisten kansanopetuksen (toim.) kansanopetuksen ja koulunkäynnin historia ja koulunkäynnin Suomessa (toim.) historia Suomessa Saamelaisten kansanopetuksen ja koulunkäynnin historia Suomessa historia ja koulunkäynnin kansanopetuksen Saamelaisten Millaiset ovat saamelaisen kouluhistorian juuret Suomessa? Miten saa- melainen kouluhistoria näyttäytyy uudemmassa ajassa? Millainen asema saamelaisten opetuksella on ollut suomalaisessa koululaitoksessa? Kasvatuksen historian tutkimuksia julkaistaan Suomessa paljon, mutta tiedämme erittäin vähän Suomen saamelaisten kouluhistoriasta ja heidän koulukokemuksistaan. Saamelaisten kansanopetuksen ja koulunkäynnin historia Suomessa on ensimmäinen kokoava esitys siitä, millaiset saame- laisen kouluhistorian kehitysvaiheet ovat ja millainen asema saamelaisten opetuksella on suomalaisessa koululaitoksessa. Kirja tekee yhteenvetoa siitä, mitä saamelaisten kouluhistoriasta tiedetään sekä tulkitsee niitä keskusteluja ja linjauksia, joiden pohjalta saamelaisten koulutus ja saamen kielen asema ovat muotoutuneet. Artikkelikokoelma perustuu arkisto- ja lähdemateriaalityöhön sekä kouluhallinnon ja koulu- tuksen tehtävissä toimineiden henkilöiden kouluhistoriallisiin kokemuksiin. Kirja on suunnattu kaikille saamelaisten kansanopetuksen ja koulunkäynnin Kansi: Jouni Korkiasaari historian vaiheista kiinnostuneille, koulumaailmassa toimijoille, opiskelijoille, tieteentekijöille ja aiheesta kiinnostuneelle suurelle yleisölle. Siirtolaisuusinstituutti ISBN 978-952-5889-76-5 (painettu) A 5 0 ISBN 978-952-5889-77-2 (PDF) Migrationsinstitutet Siirtolaisuusinstituutti | Tutkimuksia A 50 Institute of Migration ISSN 0356-9659 www.siirtolaisuusinstituutti.fi Saamelaiset_ A-sarja kannet.indd 1 10/28/2014 11:03:54 AM Pigga Keskitalo, Veli-Pekka Lehtola ja Merja Paksuniemi (toim.) Saamelaisten kansanopetuksen ja koulunkäynnin historia Suomessa Siirtolaisuusinstituutti Turku Copyright © Siirtolaisuusinstituutti ja kirjoittajat Julkaisija: Siirtolaisuusinstituutti Eerikinkatu 34, 20100 Turku Kansi:http://www.siirtolaisuusinstituutti.fi Kirsi Sainio Kannen kuva: Koulunpäättäjäiset Outakoskella 1950-luvun alussa. Magga Tapiola (Gáva-Mággá) oli koululla töissä (seisoo tikapuiden edessä). Saamelaismuseo Siida / Máret Nummelan kokoelma (saamva 082_024). ISBN 978-952-5889-76-5 (painettu) ISBN 978-952-5889-77-2 (verkkoversio/PDF) ISSN 0356-9659 Kirjapaino: Painosalama Oy, Turku 2014 ■ 3 SISÄLLYS Kuvaluettelo .....................................................................................................................6 Alkusanat ..........................................................................................................................8 Svein Lund Yksi kansa neljän koulujärjestelmän alaisuudessa .........................................10 Pigga Keskitalo, Veli-Pekka Lehtola & Merja Paksuniemi Johdatus saamelaisten kansanopetuksen ja koulunkäynnin historiaan ..13 I SAAMELAISTEN KOULUHISTORIAN JUURET Ritva Kylli Pois pakanallisesta pimeydestä ..............................................................................30 Veli-Pekka Lehtola Katekeettakouluista kansakouluihin – saamelaisten kouluhistoriaa 1900-luvun alkupuoliskolla .....................................................................................44 Jukka Nyyssönen Saamelaisten kouluolot 1900-luvulla ...................................................................63 Sophie Alix Capdeville Saamenkielisen kirjakulttuurin synty Suomessa .............................................87 Ritva Kylli Utsjoen kristillinen kansanopetus Laiti-suvun edustajien kautta kuvattuna .................................................................................................................... 104 Outi Oinas Saamelaisten kouluhistorian tarkastelua 1910-luvun Enontekiön Lapissa piispan ja papin teksteissä .................................................................... 121 Juha Pentikäinen & Risto Pulkkinen Lars Levi Laestadiuksen vaiettu saamelaisuus .............................................. 146 II SAAMELAISOPETUS OSANA SUOMALAISTA KOULULAITOSTA Jukka Nyyssönen Suomalainen koululaitos ja saamelaiskysymys ............................................. 154 4 ■ Laila Nikunlassi Utsjoen kirkonkylän kansakoulu vuosina 1929–1939 ................................ 175 Merja Paksuniemi & Pigga Keskitalo Sodankylän koululaitoksen historiaa ................................................................ 182 Paavo Kurkela Kansanopetus Enontekiöllä .................................................................................. 184 Irene Salonen Peltovuoman koulun historiaa ............................................................................. 191 Timo Tuominen Kilpisjärven koulu – Yliperän pikkukoulun arktinen olemus ................... 194 Merja Paksuniemi & Pigga Keskitalo Opettajankoulutus Lapin opettajaseminaareissa ......................................... 198 Merja Paksuniemi & Kaarina Määttä Pohjois-Suomen ensimmäinen opettajaseminaari ....................................... 200 III SAAMELAINEN KOULUHISTORIA UUDEMMASSA AJASSA Ulla Aikio-Puoskari Saamelaisopetus peruskoulusäädöksissä − palapelin rakentamista kansallisen koulutuspolitiikan marginaalissa ............................................... 214 Juhani Lassila Katsaus saamenkielisen ja saamen kielen opetukseen peruskouluissa ja lukioissa saamelaisten kotiseutualueella lukuvuosina 1972–1996 ......................................................................................... 241 Minna Rasmus Pakko lähteä, pakko pärjätä ................................................................................. 251 Raija Erkkilä & Eila Estola Pitkä koulumatka – saamelaislapsen muistoja kansakoulun aloittamisesta 1960-luvulla .................................................................................. 263 Satu Moshnikoff Koltansaamen kirjakielen kehitys ja kouluopetus ....................................... 270 ■ 5 Merja Paksuniemi & Pigga Keskitalo Jaakko Gauriloff ja koltansaame ......................................................................... 274 Outi Korpilähde Saamelaisalueen ammatillisen koulutuksen vaiheet Suomessa .............. 276 Annika Pasanen ”Kuolee se kumminkin!” Miksi inarinsaamen kieli ei sittenkään kuollut? ........................................................................................................................ 288 Irja Seurujärvi-Kari Saamentutkimus, saamen kielen ja kulttuurin opetus Helsingin yliopistossa ................................................................................................................. 308 Leif Rantala Saamen kielen opetus Lapin yliopistossa lukuvuosina 1983–2010 ........ 313 Veli-Pekka Lehtola Saamen kielen lehtoraatista Giellagas-instituutiksi .................................... 315 Vesa Puuronen Saamelaiset, koulu ja rasismi ............................................................................... 320 LOPUKSI Janne Saarikivi Vähemmistökielten suojelu ja vähemmistökielinen koulutus saamelaiskontekstissa ............................................................................................ 340 Otso Kortekangas Uusia suuntia, vanhoja rajoja – saamelaisten kouluhistorian moniääninen tulevaisuus ....................................................................................... 351 Toimittanut Ulla Aikio-Puoskari Tilastoliite 1 ............................................................................................................... 358 1. Oppilaslukuja 1980-luvulta ....................................................................................358 2. Oppilaslukuja 1990- ja 2000-luvuilta .................................................................360 3. Oppilaslukuja 2000-luvulta ....................................................................................362 Kirjoittajaluettelo ..................................................................................................... 364 6 ■ Kuvaluettelo Veli-Pekka Lehtolan artikkeli Katekeettakouluista kansakouluihin – saame- laisten kouluhistoriaa 1900-luvun alkupuoliskolla: Kuva 1. Kaarle Edvard (Eeti) Kumpulainen matkalla Yliperälle – hän toimi katekeettana Enontekiöllä vuosina 1897–1940 (Peltovuoman koulun arkisto) ..................................................................................................................47 Sophie Alix Capdevillen artikkeli Saamenkielisen kirjakulttuurin synty Suo- messa: Kuva 1. Anders Andelinin ja Aslak Laitin saamentama Evangeliumin postilla, jonka nimiösivulla ilmoitetaan myös saamelainen kielimes- tari – niin ei muissa teoksissa tehty (Sophie Alix Capdevillen arkisto). ...93 Outi Oinaan artikkeli Saamelaisten kouluhistorian tarkastelua 1910-luvun Enontekiön Lapissa piispan ja papin teksteissä: Kuva 1. Järventaus perheineen (Outi Oinaan arkisto) ...................................125 Irene Salosen artikkeli Peltovuoman koulun historiaa: Kuva 1. Peltovuoman koulun piha 1930-luvulla (Peltovuoman kou- lun arkisto) .......................................................................................................................192 Kuva 2. Opettaja Iivari Tukiainen oppilaineen Peltovuomassa vuon- na 1930 (Peltovuoman koulun arkisto) ...............................................................193 Timo Tuomisen artikkeli Kilpisjärven koulu – Yliperän pikkukoulun arkti- nen olemus: Kuva 1. Kilpisjärven koululaiset
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