DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Report on International Cooperation in the Recovery Process of Disaster-Affected Cultural Heritage

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Report on International Cooperation in the Recovery Process of Disaster-Affected Cultural Heritage Research Report on International Cooperation in the Recovery Process of Disaster-affected Cultural Heritage March 2010 Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage Research Report on International Cooperation in the Recovery Process of Disaster-affected Cultural Heritage March 2010 Edited and published by Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage 13-43 Ueno Koen, Taito-ku, Tokyo, 110-8713 JAPAN Tel: +81-3-3823-4841 Fax: +81-3-3823-4027 URL: http://www.jcic-heritage.jp/ Foreword In recent years, cultural heritage has been affected by a series of natural and man-made di- sasters so interest in cultural heritage disaster prevention measures and restoration has height- ened. It is considered that climate change on a global scale is one of the contributing factors in natural disasters, and irreplaceable cultural heritage damage can lead to an irredeemable loss for people. Therefore, it is important to take measures routinely to prevent disasters af- fecting cultural heritage as well as to carry out restoration to cultural heritage swiftly and appropriately after a disaster has struck. Appeals to Japan from overseas for cooperation in the recovery process of disaster-affected cultural heritage have increased. Providing swift and effective post-disaster support is difficult so that it has become necessary to grasp what kind of contribution is feasible and to take cooperative action together with the host country. With a background like that, the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cul- tural Heritage was commissioned in fiscal year ending March 2010 by the Agency of Cultural Affairs to carry out a study of disaster prevention systems, disaster-time recovery initiatives and the role of international cooperation. Based on consultations in Subcommittee meeting for Planning, five countries centered in Asia (China, Thailand, Indonesia, Iran and Greece) that have been assisted by Japan were chosen as a case study of how cultural heritage has been affected by major natural disasters over the past ten years. The purpose of this report is to compile information relating to these case studies. We would like to express our gratitude to all those who cooperated while conducting this study Shinʼichi Shimizu, Director Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation Independent Administrative Institution, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo Preface 1. This report documents studies on international cooperation in the recovery process of disaster-affected cultural heritage in the countries of China, Thailand, Indonesia, Iran and Greece. It is published as a part of a project carried out by the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage which was commissioned by the Agency of Cultural Af- fairs. 2. Reports and studies carried out in Iran and Greece, which are detailed in Chapter 2, were re-commissioned by the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage to the Kokushikan University and Ritsumeikan-Global In- novation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University. 3. Those responsible for editing and writing this report are listed as follows. In addition, Ms. Yumi Sugahara (Lecturer, Fac- ulty of International Culture Studies, Department of Asian Studies, Tenri University) supervised wording used in the Indo- nesian case study report included in Chapter 2. Editor Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage Author Chapter 1 Rei Harada, Research Fellow, Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage Chapter 2 China Ken Okada, Head, Resource and S ystems Research Section) Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conser- vation, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo Hisano Koseki, Visiting Researcher, Shimane Prefecture Thailand Yoko Futagami, Senior Researcher, Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo Yutaka Nakamura, Visiting Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tomomi Haramoto, Research Fellow, Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage Indonesia Akiko Tashiro, Research Fellow, Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage Iran Yasuyoshi Okada, Professor, Institute for Cultural Studies of Ancient Iraq, Kokushikan University Greece Kanefusa Masuda, Professor, Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University (Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University) Kenzo Toki, Professor, Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumei kanUniversity (Director, Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University) Yozo Goto, Project Researcher, Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo Minsuk Kim, Postdoctoral Fellow, Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University (Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University) Chapter 3 Rei Harada Contents Foreword Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Case Study 1. China 7 2. Thailand 27 3. Indonesia 77 4. Iran 105 5. Greece 117 Chapter 3 Assignments for the Future 159 Bibliography 165 List of Figures, Tables, and Pictures 169 List of Interviewees 175 Appendix 179 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction When considering cultural heritage protection, one of the pressing problems is how to tackle the threat of natural disasters. Disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and fires have caused catastrophes on countless occasions in the past, and on each occasion we are reminded of the diverse dangers by nature. Unfortunately, it is difficult to predict when natural disasters happen, but if one looks at earthquakes, for example, research on earthquake zones has enabled us to respond by identifying measures to be taken for certain re- gions. This thinking could also extend to formulating measures to protect cultural heritage against earthquake disasters, and could argue that the main consideration should be the locational relationship between the distribution of earthquake zones and cultural heritage sites. Fig.1 World Heritage Sites (June 2008) Located in the Earthquake Zones by Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan Since a large number of World Cultural Heritage and Mixed Heritage are located in earthquake zones, it could be assumed that other cultural heritage might similarly be located in earthquake zones, and which means a large number of them are also potentially vulnerable to earthquake damage. This problem is particularly prominent in regions located in earthquake zones including Southeast Asia, South- west China, Western Asia, the Mediterranean coast, and Latin America. The Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage has worked to provide active international cooperation for disaster-affected cultural heritage through research and support since its inauguration. Its first workshop held on July, 2007, titled “Emer- gency Support for Cultural Heritage Affected by Natural Disasters”, considered the current status of and issues surrounding emergency international support to preserve cultural heritage affected by natural disasters. Further, it studied extensive damage caused to cultural heritage by flooding that occurred in the Hadhramaut region of the Republic of Yemen in October, 2008, and compiled information in February, 2009, to examine how the Japanese government could cooperate. The report of this study, “Investigation of the Flood Situation in Yemen”, was published in February, 2009. Thus, since its establishment, the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage has consistently focused on is- sues relating to the restoration of disaster-affected cultural heritage. However, as the number of appeals for cooperation from overseas to Japan and actual cooperation cases provided by Japanese experts continues to rise, deciding what measures are required to ensure swift and appropriate international cooperation responding to disaster-affected cultural heritage is still a major issue. Providing swift and effec- 1 Chapter 1 Introduction tive post-disaster support is difficult so it has become necessary to grasp what kind of contribution is feasible and to carry out cooperative action together with the host country. Accordingly, carrying out comprehensive studies of the current status of and issues facing interna- tional cooperation in these areas has become increasingly important. With a background like that, the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage was commissioned by the Agen- cy of Cultural Affairs in fiscal year ending March 2010 to carry out case studies looking at the restoration of disaster-affected cultural heritage. Five countries centered in Asia (China, Thailand, Indonesia, Iran and Greece) that have been assisted by Japan were chosen as actual cases of how cultural heritage has been affected by major natural disasters over the past ten years (Fig. 2). Greece China Iran Thailand Indonesia Case Study Area Boundary Line Fig.2 Case study area Asia is vulnerable to a wide diversity of disasters such as flooding, landslides and wildfires but the disaster case studies reported here predominately relate to earthquake damage. This could be seen as an indication of the significantly large scale of earthquake related
Load more

Recommended publications
  • KARAKTERISTIK BATIK CEPLOK ASTAPADA SOJIWAN PRAMBANAN KLATEN JAWA TENGAH SKRIPSI Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Bahasa Dan Seni Unive
    KARAKTERISTIK BATIK CEPLOK ASTAPADA SOJIWAN PRAMBANAN KLATEN JAWA TENGAH SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan guna Mendapatkan Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan oleh Faoziah NIM 13207241041 PROGAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KRIYA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN SENI RUPA FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA JUNI 2017 PERSETUJUA}I Skripsi yang bedudul Karakteristik Batik Ceplok Astapada Sojiwan Prambanan Klaten Jawa Tengah yang disusun oleh Faoziah, NIM 13207241041 talah diset{ui oleh pembimbing untuk dturiikan- YogyakartaT Juni 2017 Pembimbing Dr. I Ketut Sumrya, M.Sn. NrP 19581231198812001 PENGESAHAN Skripsi ymg berjri.dt;l KaraHeristik Batik Ceplok Astapado Sojiwon Prambanan Klaten Jauta Tengah irrr telah dipertahankan didepan Dewan Penguji pada 16 Juni 2017 dan dinyxakan lulus. DEWAITPENGUJI Nama Jabah Tmdmgan Tmggal ( Dr. I Ketut Smarya, M.Sn. Ketua Penguji Jutf 2017 Dn. Mardiyatmo, M.Pd. Sekertris Penguji t9 hmi20l7 Imadi,SPd.,M.A. PengujiUtama t$ Juni 2017 Yogyakarta,eoJuni 20 I 7 Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni 1,*) i Purbmi, M.A., 105241990012001 t PERI\IYATAAI\ Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, saya : Nama F aoziah Nim 13207241041 Program Studi Pendidikan Kdya Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta . , Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah ini adalah hasil pekerjaan saya sendiri. Sepanjang pengetahuan saya, karya ilmiah ini tidak berisi materi yang ditulis oleh orang lain, kecuali bagian-bagian tertentu yang saya ambil sebagai acuan dengan mengikuti tata cara dan penulisan karya ilmiah yanglazim. Apabila temyata terbukti pernyataan ini tidak benar, sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung j awab saya. Yogyakarta, T Juni 2017 NrM 13207241041 KATAPENGANTAR Puii dan syukur atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang atas berkat, rahmat, hidayah dan inayah-Nya akhimya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar sarj ana.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Vegetation Planning for Borobudur Area
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositori Institusi Kemendikbud Kajian Penataan Tanaman Kawasan Borobudur Study on the Vegetation Planning for Borobudur Area Hari Setyawan dan Bambang Kasatriyanto Balai Konservasi Borobudur [email protected] ABSTRAK Relief cerita pada Candi Borobudur dan Candi Mendut merupakan gambaran lingkungan Jawa Kuna abad VIII–X M. Komponen lingkungan yang digambarkan pada panel relief dan menarik untuk dikaji, salah satunya adalah penggambaran tanaman pada relief. Tanaman merupakan salah satu elemen penting untuk menunjang kehidupan manusia pada masa lalu khususnya pada masa perkembangan Hindhu/ Buddha periode Jawa Tengah. Indentifikasi tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung. Setelah tanaman dapat diidentifikasi jenisnya maka konteks pengambaran tanaman berperan penting dalam menentukan kondisi lingkungan dimana tanaman tersebut tumbuh. Apabila ditarik pada masa kini, maka indentifikasi tanaman dan klasifikasi konteks penggambaran tanaman dapat bermanfaat dalam pelestarian lanskap budaya Kawasan Strategis Nasional Borobudur. Kata Kunci: relief tanaman; jawa kuno; candi borobudur; candi mendut; tanaman; kawasan borobudur. ABSTRACT The relief story of Borobudur Temple and Mendut Temple is a depiction of the Old Javanese environment of the 8th-10th century CE. The environmental components depicted in the relief panels are interesting to study, one of which is the depiction of plants in relief. Plants are one of the important elements to support human life in the past, especially during the Hindu-Buddhist period of Central Java. Plants identification can be done by direct observation. After the plants can be identified, the context of plant propagation plays an important role in determining the environmental conditions in which the plants grow.
    [Show full text]
  • Candi Sojiwan Dalam Pemugaran
    Candi Sojiwan Dalam Pemugaran Masyhudi Keywords: restoration, conservation, temple, protection, heritage How to Cite: Masyhudi, nfn. (2005). Candi Sojiwan Dalam Pemugaran. Berkala Arkeologi, 25(1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.30883/jba.v25i1.915 Berkala Arkeologi https://berkalaarkeologi.kemdikbud.go.id/ Volume 25 No. 1, 2005, 110-118 DOI: 10.30883/jba.v25i1.915 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. CANDI SOJIWAN DALAM PEMUGARAN Oleb Masybudi I. Pendabuluan Sebagaimana telah ditegaskan oleh Soekmono dalam disertasinya yang berjudul Candi Fungsi dan Pengertiannya, candi adalah bangunan suci tempat pemujaan dewa. Candi melambangkan mahameru, yaitu gunung yang menjadi pusat alam semesta. Bangunan candi yang biasanya terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu kaki, tubuh, dan atap melambangkan tiga dunia, yaitu bhurloka, bhuwarloka, dan swarloka (Stutterheim, 1937: 245; Boechari, 1978: 13). Disebutkan dalam kitab Manasara-<;ilpa~astra -- kitab yang berisi aturan-aturan pembangunan kuil di India -- bahwa sebelum suatu bangunan kuil didirikan maka arsitek pendeta (sthapaka) dan arsitek perencana (sthapati) harus lebih dahulu menilai kondisi dan kemampuan lahan yang akan dijadikan tempat berdirinya bangunan suci tersebut (A chary a, 1993: 13-21; Kramrisch, 1946: 3-17; Mundardjito, 1993: 13). Kitab tersebut juga menerangkan bahwa lahan tempat berdirinya suatu bangunan kuil dinilai sangat tinggi, bahkan lebih penting dari bangunan suci itu sendiri (Mundardjito, 1993: 239). Peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala merupakan bukti otentik sebagai bentuk nyata yang menyimpan makna dan nilai-nilai luhur. Kini, sebagai bangsa yang sedang membangun sangat memerlukan hal tersebut sebagai sumber inspirasi untuk bertindak ke depan mencapai cita-cita bangsa. Oleh karenanya perlu upaya­ upaya pelestarian dan pemanfaatan terhadap peninggalan sejarah dan Dok.
    [Show full text]
  • Lumbinī Prabhā 2563 B.E
    Lumbinī Prabhā 2563 B.E. Vol. 4 May, 2019 Advisory Board Prof. Dr. Hridaya Ratna Bajracharya Mr. Tilak Ram Acharya Dr. Manik Ratna Shakya Mr. Siddhishwar Man Shrestha Editor Fanindra Kumar Neupane Editorial Board Nir Bahadur Gurung Indra Prasad Kafl e Dr. Sharada Poudel Ven. Siri Vajira Dr. Deepak Prasad Acharya Dayaram Gautam Lumbini Buddhist University Central Campus Rupandehi, Lumbini, Nepal Tel.: (+ 977-71) 404077, 404071 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lbu.edu.np Back to Early Buddhism: A Look at South East Asia's Historical Exploration Tilak Ram Acharya Abstract Buddhism is considered to be the great philosophy of infl uence throughout the region when we look to the Buddhism in South-East Asia. Buddhism is believed to be the era or the span of the earliest Buddhism growth in the region. Buddhism begins primarily and originally from Southeast Asia and from South Asia. In the early days of Buddhism, trade and trade in goods are investigated and distributed. Contrary to numerous studies of the expansion of Islam and Christianity, there seems to have been little interest in expanding Buddhism, which represents the third largest religion in the world in terms of numbers. Keywords : Buddhism, great philosophy, infl uence throughout, era, span, earliest, growth, Asia, studies, expansion Background Reason of the expansion of Buddhism knock some questions recently. World’s two religious philosophies Islam and Christianity are in the race of spreading from all of their efforts. For instance, Muslims have and had a special tax (the jizzyah) laid down foe all non-Muslims, similarly Christians have different expanded organizations, which are working for the creating compression and luring to assume Christianity or their faith.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2009
    Annual Report 2009 Volume 1 ICOMOS thanks those who in 2009 have provided valuable assistance: our members, volunteers, partners and donors. Among them, UNESCO and the French authorities, which actively support the activities of the organisation since 1965. ICOMOS is especially grateful this year to the Ministry of Finance, the Economy and Investment of Malta, the Malta Tourism Authority, Heritage Malta and the Ministry of Education and Culture of Malta for the support they provided ICOMOS in holding its Advisory Committee meeting in Valletta this October, and to the Escuela Superior de Minas (School of Mines) in Madrid and the Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas of Toledo for supporting ICOMOS Spain in welcoming the Bureau meeting of June. Acronyms About ICOMOS 1 Its role Its values Its activities Its structure Its partners Message of the President 3 Activity report Part 1 - The Year in detail Membership base and links to public authorities, institutions and individuals Strengthening the ICOMOS network 6 National Committees International Scientific Committees Partnerships The ICOMOS International Conservation Centre (IICC-X) Outreach to new members 8 Communications initiatives Statutory meetings 9 The Executive Committee The Bureau of the Executive Committee The Advisory Committee Cultural Heritage programmes 15 Research Themes Historic Urban Landscapes New Heritage Paradigm - Defining the Tolerance for Change ICOMOS Doctrinal Texts 16 Criteria and terminology for doctrinal texts to guide the development of future texts
    [Show full text]
  • Lembaga Penelitian Pengaruh Unsur-Unsur Arsitektur Tradisional Cina Dalam Desain Candi
    LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLlK PARAHYANGAN KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN DESAIN ARSITEKTUR CANDI DI JAWA PENGARUH UNSUR-UNSUR ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL CINA DALAM DESAIN CANDI JAWA. I'ENYlJSUN : RAHADHIAN PH BANDUNG, JUNI 2009 KATA f>ENGANTAR Syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena berkat berkah dan bimbingan-Nya penelitian ini dapat terselesaikan. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk menunjang studi doktmal yang sedang ditempuh. Penelitian ini berisi pembahasan Kajian Perkembangan Desain Arsitektur Candi di Jawa, Pengaruh Unsur-Unsur Arsitektur Tradisional Cina dalam Arsitektur Candi Jawa. Studi ini ditujukan untuk memahami dan mengetahui sejauh mana wujud pengaruh unsur arsitektur tradisional Cina terhadap bangunan sakral Hindu-Budha yakni Candi di Jawa berikut faktor-faktor yang mendasari dan melatarbelanginya, melalui studi kesejarahan. Hal ini berguna bagi pembelajaran, pemahaman, dan pengajaran keilmuan arsitektur yang bersumber pada aspek kesejarahan percandian di Jawa Penyusun berusaha menyelesaikan penelitian ini dengan sebaik-baiknya dalam waktu yang tersedia. Menyadari bahwa penelitian ini masih jauh dari sempuma, penyusun dengan senang hati menerima kritik dan saran. Penelitian ini merupakan titik awal untuk penelitian lebih lanjut dengan pengkajian yang lebih mandalam. Akhir kata, penyusun berharap penelitian ini dapat memberi sumbangan nyata bagi pendidikan arsitektur di Unpar pada khususnya dan pendidikan arsitektur di Indonesia pada umumnya. Wassalam. Ban dung, Juni 2009 Hormat saya, Rahadhian PH DAFTAR ISI HAL +
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Damageandloss Assessment
    The 15th Meeting of The Consultative Group on Indonesia Jakarta, June 14, 2006 Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment Yogyakarta and Central Java Natural Disaster A joint report of BAPPENAS, the Provincial and Local Governments of D.I. Yogyakarta, the Provincial and Local Governments of Central Java, and international partners, June 2006 MAGELANG (KOTA) BOYOLALI MAGELANG PURWOREJO SLEMAN KLATEN SUKOHARJO YOGYAKARTA (KOTA) KULON PROGO BANTUL WONOGIRI GUNUNG KIDUL The 15th Meeting of The Consultative Group on Indonesia Jakarta, June 14, 2006 Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment Yogyakarta and Central Java Natural Disaster A Joint Report from BAPPENAS, the Provincial and Local Governments of D.I.Yogyakarta, the Provincial and Local Governments of Central Java, and international partners, June 2006 i FOREWORD The May 27, 2006 earthquake struck Yogyakarta and Central Java. Yogyakarta is a center for Javanese traditional arts and culture, the ancient temples of Borobudur and Prambanan, and is home to a royal family whose lineage goes back to the Mataram era in the 16th century. It is also a center of Indonesian higher education. Striking in the early morning hours, the earthquake took over 5,700 lives, injured between 40,000 and 60,000 more, and robbed hundreds of thousands of their homes and livelihoods. As if the devastation of the earthquake were not enough, the disaster may not be over. The increase in Mount Merapi’s volcanic activity, which began in March 2006, is producing lava flows, toxic gases, and clouds of ash, prompting the evacuation of tens of thousands of people. This report presents a preliminary assessment of the damage and losses caused by the earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • Bab 3 Kepurbakalaan Padang Lawas: Tinjauan Gaya Seni Bangun, Seni Arca Dan Latar Keaagamaan
    BAB 3 KEPURBAKALAAN PADANG LAWAS: TINJAUAN GAYA SENI BANGUN, SENI ARCA DAN LATAR KEAAGAMAAN Tinjauan seni bangun (arsitektur) kepurbakalaan di Padang Lawas dilakukan terhadap biaro yang masih berdiri dan sudah dipugar, yaitu Biaro Si Pamutung, Biaro Bahal 1, Biaro Bahal 2, dan Biaro Bahal 3. Sedangkan rekonstruksi bentuk dilakukan terhadap unsur-unsur bangunan biaro-biaro di Padang Lawas yang sudah tidak berada dalam konteksnya lagi, atau masih insitu dan berada dengan konteksnya tetapi dalam keadaan fragmentaris. Rekonstruksi tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan tulisan dan foto (gambar) para peneliti yang sudah melakukan penelitian di situs tersebut pada masa lalu. Tinjauan terhadap gaya seni arca dilakukan terhadap arca-arca logam untuk mengetahui bagaimana gaya seni arca tinggalan di Padang Lawas, apakah mempunyai kesamaan dengan gaya seni arca dari tempat lain baik di Indonesia maupun luar Indonesia. Gaya seni arca juga dapat memberikan gambaran periodisasinya secara relatif. Adapun periodisasi situs secara mutlak didapatkan berdasarkan temuan prasasti-prasasti yang menuliskan pertanggalan. Prasasti- prasasti yang ditemukan di Padang Lawas sebagian besar berisi tentang mantra- mantra dalam melakukan suatu upacara keagamaan, oleh karena itu latar keagamaan situs dapat diketahui berdasarkan isi prasasti. Di samping itu latar keagamaan diketahui juga dengan melalui studi ikonografi terhadap arca dan relief. 3.1 Gaya Seni Bangun (Arsitektur) Menurut Walter Grophius arsitektur adalah suatu ilmu bangunan yang juga mencakup masalah-masalah yang berhubungan dengan biologi, sosial, teknik, dan artistik, oleh karena itu arsitektur dapat didefinisikan sebagai: (1) Seni ilmu bangunan, termasuk perencanaan, perancangan, konstruksi dan penyelesaian ornament; (2) Sifat, karakter atau gaya bangunan; (3) Kegiatan atau proses membangun bangunan; (4) Bangunan-bangunan; (5) Sekelompok bangunan Universitas Indonesia 114 Kepurbakalaan Padang..., Sukawati Susetyo, FIB UI, 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Jataka Stories in the Buddhist's
    Jurnal Pencerahan STAB Syailendra Santacitto Sentot, Aryanto Firnadi, Rakay Indramayapanna Identification Of Jataka Stories In The Buddhist’s Candis Of Central Java IDENTIFICATION OF JATAKA STORIES IN THE BUDDHIST’S CANDIS OF CENTRAL JAVA (A Semiotic Study of Reliefs in the Candi Sojiwan, Mendut, and Borobudur) Santacitto Sentot, Aryanto Firnadi, Rakay Indramayapanna Prodi Dharma Acarya, STAB Kertarajasa E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: The story of the past life of Buddha Gotama has become one of the most important discussions in Buddhist philosophy. The stories of his life are recorded in the Pāli Canon mainly in the Jātaka texts (birth stories of the Buddha). Jataka stories have obtained popularity in ancient times in Buddhist countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand and even Indonesia. Its reputation appeared from many Jātaka stories are being put into Buddhist art and architecture. In Indonesia, Jataka stories are found among reliefs on the walls of Candi Buddhist, such as Candi Sojiwan, Mendut and Borobudur. However, at present time there is no books that tries to discuss Jātaka story carved on the walls of these temples thoroughly and systematically. This research tries to identify reliefs of Jātaka found in three Candi that are located in Central Java namely Candi Sojiwan, Mendut and Borobudur. The theory used in this research is Semiotics theory of Charles Shanders Pierce. This theory is used to interpret the signs contained in the reliefs of the Candi by using triangle of meaning ie., interpretan (researchers), objects (reliefs on the three Candi) and signs. Within the sign there are three things being analized namely icons, indexes and symbols.
    [Show full text]
  • Plagiarism Checker X Originality Report Similarity Found: 22%
    Plagiarism Checker X Originality Report Similarity Found: 22% Date: Rabu, Agustus 19, 2020 Statistics: 3522 words Plagiarized / 11332 Total words Remarks: Medium Plagiarism Detected - Your Document needs Selective Improvement. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BAB I PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Masalah Zaman sekarang globalisasi menimbulkan berbagai tantangan yang semakin berat. Cepatnya perubahan yang terjadi akibat globalisasi berdampak dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan masyarakat. Arus globalisasi di satu sisi dapat membawa kemajuan, namun juga sekaligus melahirkan kegelisahan pada masyarakat, hal ini juga dialami oleh Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan sebuah negara dengan jumlah penduduk besar sehingga terdapat banyak suku dan ras yang berbeda, banyaknya suku dan ras yang ada di Indonesia mempengaruhi keberagaman masyarakat yang ada. Keberagaman yang ada dapat menimbulkan terjadinya suatu konflik vertikal dan horizontal. Keberagaman yang ada di Indonesia kemudian disatukan dengan semangat kesatuan yaitu Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Keberagaman masyarakat Indonesia disatukan oleh semangat Bhineka Tunggal Ika sebagai unsur keberadaban masyarakat Indonesia. Semangat tersebut mengikat masyarakat Indonesia kedalam kesatuan Negara Republik Indonesia dalam menjalani kehidupan bermasyarakatnya. Masyarakat di era globalisasi menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang semakin beragam. Cepatnya perubahan yang terjadi dalam era globalisasi di satu sisi dapat membawa kemajuan bagi kehidupan masyarakat, namun
    [Show full text]
  • International Conference on Conservation of Stone and Earthen Architectural Heritage
    2014 ICOMOS-ISCS International Conference International Conference on Conservation of Stone and Earthen Architectural Heritage May 20 (Tue) ~ 23 (Fri), 2014 Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea | Organized by | ICOMOS-ISCS The Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Kongju National University | Managed by | ICOMOS-KOREA, ICOMOS-ISCS, ICOMOS-ISCEAH, ICOMOS-ISCARSAH The Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Kongju National University Institute of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, Kongju National University | Supported by | Gongju City, Republic of Korea Chungnam Institute of History and Culture, Republic of Korea The Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Korea 2014 ICOMOS-ISCS International Conference International Conference on Conservation of Stone and Earthen Architectural Heritage It is our honor and indeed a pleasure to host the“ ICOMOS- INVITATION ISCS International Conference-2014”in Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea. ICOMOS-ISCS is the International Scientific Committee for Stone from ICOMOS. The purpose of the ISCS is to promote the knowledge and the preservation of inorganic porous building materials, such as natural and artificial stone conservation. Also, the purpose of this Conference is to provide a forum for scientists, conservator, owners of cultural heritage properties and other experts who are involved in cultural heritage preservation. The focus will be centered on scientific and technological studies and inquiries related to conservation and restoration of stone and earthen heritage constructed of stones, unfired clay and soil based materials. The International Conference will take place from May 20 to 23, 2014. The International Conference Committee is delighted to invite you to the ICOMOS-ISCS International Conference-2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisis Bauran Promosi Di Wisata Candi Sojiwan Klaten Jawa Tengah Program Studi S-1 Tata Kelola Seni Jurusan Tata Kelola Seni F
    ANALISIS BAURAN PROMOSI DI WISATA CANDI SOJIWAN KLATEN JAWA TENGAH JURNAL Oleh: Rini Dwi Astuti 1600076026 PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TATA KELOLA SENI JURUSAN TATA KELOLA SENI FAKULTAS SENI RUPA INSTITUT SENI INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ANALISIS BAURAN PROMOSI DI WISATA CANDI SOJIWAN KLATEN JAWA TENGAH JURNAL Oleh: Rini Dwi Astuti 1600076026 Tugas Akhir ini Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Seni Rupa Institut Seni Rupa Indonesia Yogyakarta sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana S-1 dalam Bidang Tata Kelola Seni 2020 ANALISI BAURAN PROMOSI WISATA CANDI SOJIWAN DI KLATEN JAWA TENGAH Oleh: RINI DWI ASTUTI NIM: 1600076026 PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TATA KELOLA SENI JURUSAN TATA KELOLA SENI FAKULTAS SENI RUPA INSTITUT SENI INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ABSTRAK Candi Sojiwan merupakan objek wisata edukasi yang memiliki nilai sejarah. Candi ini baru selesai dipugar dan diresmikan pada tahun 2011. Candi ini memiliki keistimewaan pada relief yang terletak pada bagian kaki candi berisi cerita Jataka yang memiliki pesan moral yang bagus untuk anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui strategi promosi yang telah dilakukan oleh Kelompok Kerja (Pokja) Publikasi. Selai itu untuk mengetahui perkembangan dan perbaikan yang dilakukan guna memaksimalkan potensi serta mempublikasikan keberadaan Candi Sojiwan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desktiptif kualitatif dengan melakukan pendekatan melalui konsep baruan promosi. Terdiri dari iklan, penjualan pribadi, promosi penjualan, pemasaran langsung, hubungan masyarakat, dan pemasaran interaktif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga metode yaitu observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pokja Publikasi menggunakan berbagai media yang sifatnya menarik, interaktif dan dekat dengan kehidupan masyarakat. Berbagai upaya tersebut mampu mendatangkan pengunjung, namun pelaksanaanya belum terjadi secara konsisten.
    [Show full text]