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Una Nueva Especie De Lirularia (Gastropoda: Trochidae) De Las Islas De São Tomé Y Príncipe, África Occidental

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Una Nueva Especie De Lirularia (Gastropoda: Trochidae) De Las Islas De São Tomé Y Príncipe, África Occidental © Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus, 15 (1): 23-29, 1997 Una nueva especie de Lirularia (Gastropoda: Trochidae) de las islas de São Tomé y Príncipe, África Occidental A new species of Lirularia (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from São Tomé y Príncipe Islands, West Africa Federico RUBIO* y Emilio ROLÁN** Recibido el 18-III-1996. Aceptado el 8-X-1996 RESUMEN El estudio del material obtenido durante dos expediciones realizadas a las Islas de São Tomé y Príncipe en los años 1989 y 1990, ha proporcionado una nueva especie de tró- quido con apariencia de Solariella, que por sus características morfológicas y radulares pertenece a la subfamilia Lirulariinae. Se describe esta especie, nueva para la ciencia, comentándose las características morfológicas de la concha, partes blandas y rádula, e incluyéndola en el género Lirularia. Se discute la inclusión en dicho género de otras dos especies de la costa occidental africana. ABSTRACT The study of the material obtained in São Tomé and Principe Islands during two expedi- tions in the years 1989 and 1990, have yielded a new trochid species with Solariella, which for its morphological and radular characters belongs to the subfamily Lirulariinae. This species is described as new for science within the genus Lirularia and its morphologi- cal characteristics of shell, soft parts and radula are commented on. The assignment to this genus of other two species of the West African coast is discussed. PALABRAS CLAVE: Gastropoda, Trochidae, Lirularia, nueva especie, Islas de São Tomé y Príncipe. KEY WORDS: Gastropoda, Trochidae, Lirularia, new species, São Tomé and Príncipe Islands. INTRODUCCIÓN Se han citado varias especies de Sola- Solariella monodi Fischer y Nicklés, 1946 riella s. l. de la costa africana en diversos para Guinea Francesa (Guinea Conakry) trabajos. SMITH (1871) describe la primera, y S. dereimsi para Mauritania y Senegal. Solariella canaliculata Smith, 1871, de Alguna otra especie, como S. valida Daut- Whydah (Dahomey), actualmente Repú- zenberg y Fischer, 1906, descrita para el blica de Benin. Esta misma especie y Sola- archipiélago de Cabo Verde, procede de riella dereimsi Dollfus, 1911 son citadas para aguas profundas. Angola por GOFAS, PINTO AFONSO Y En BERNARD (1984) aparece repre- BRANDÃO (1985); NICKLÉS (1950) menciona sentada una concha con la denomina- *Dpto. de Zoología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot (Valencia). **Cánovas del Castillo, 22-5º F, 36202 Vigo. 23 Iberus, 15 (1), 1997 ción Solariella sp., pero en realidad se autor en los años 1989 y 1990 en el archi- trata de Cyclostremiscus calameli (Jousse- piélago de São Tomé y Príncipe, Golfo aume, 1872) que es en realidad un Torni- de Guinea, se recolectaron ejemplares y dae (Gofas, com. pers.). conchas de una “Solariella” aparente- No hay citas de especies de Solariella mente diferente de las especies previa- para el archipiélago de São Tomé y Prín- mente conocidas. Esta misma especie, cipe, aunque en el último listado de es- referida como Solariella sp. por FERNAN- pecies de FERNANDES Y ROLÁN (1993), se DES Y ROLÁN (1993) y WARÉN (1993), es menciona una única especie de este gé- ahora descrita, aunque en un género nero, como Solariella sp. diferente. HERBERT (1987) demostró que muchas Al mismo tiempo, las especies “Sola- de las especies de África del Sur, consi- riella” canaliculata y “Solariella” dereimsii, deradas tradicionalmente del género So- recolectadas y observadas en las expedi- lariella no lo son, sino que pertenecen a la ciones a Angola y Mauritania de 1989 y subfamilia Umboniinae en lugar de Sola- 1996 respectivamente, son transferidas a riellinae. HICKMAN Y MCLEAN (1990) pu- la subfamilia Lirulariinae, género Lirula- blicaron una revisión de la superfamilia ria, basándonos en la similitud morfoló- Trochoidea y, atendiendo a la morfología gica de sus partes blandas y rádula. de sus partes blandas y rádula, agrupa- ron las “Solariellas” en un grupo informal formado por las subfamilias Trochinae Ra- MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS finesque, 1815, Stomatellidae Gray, 1840, Calliostomatinae Thiele, 1924 y Solarielli- Se han estudiado 8 ejemplares y 82 nae Powell, 1951; agrupando las especies conchas, procedentes de sedimentos de Umboniinae en otro grupo informal obtenidos en distintas localidades del formado por Lirulariinae Hickman y archipiélago, mediante buceo a pulmón McLean, 1990, Halistylinae Keen, 1958 y libre, a profundidades comprendidas Umboniinae Adams y Adams, 1854. WA- entre 5 y 15 metros. Tras la observación RÉN (1993), siguiendo dicha ordenación, de su comportamiento, algunos indivi- considera que “Solariella” canaliculata y duos se relajaron y posteriormente se “Solariella” dereimsi pertenecen a la subfa- fijaron en solución tamponada de for- milia Umboniinae. maldehído al 5%. Para la observación Durante las campañas de recolección conquiológica y radular se ha utilizado de moluscos efectuadas por el segundo la microscopía electrónica de barrido. RESULTADOS Superfamilia TROCHACEA Rafinesque, 1815 Familia TROCHIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamilia LIRULARIINAE Hickman y McLean, 1990 Género Lirularia Dall, 1909 Lirularia antoniae spec. nov. (Figs. 1A-B, 2 - 6) Material estudiado: Isla de São Tomé: Praia das conchas: 8 ejemplares y 16 conchas a -15 m; Ciudad São Tomé: 36 conchas. Isla de Príncipe: Bahía de Santo Antonio: 24 conchas a -10 m; Bahía das Agulhas: 6 conchas. Material tipo: Holotipo (Fig. 1B) y dos paratipos procedentes de la localidad tipo, depositados en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, con el nº 15.05/23749, dos paratipos proce- dentes de Praia das Conchas (São Tomé) en el Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle de París, dos paratipos procedentes de Ciudad de São Tomé en el American Museum of Natural History de Nueva York y en The Natural History Museum de Londres y 25 en cada una de las colecciones de los autores. Localidad tipo: Praia das Conchas, São Tomé. Etimología: La especie está dedicada a Antonia Hueso, esposa del primer autor. 24 RUBIO Y ROLÁN: Nueva especie de Lirularia de São Tomé y Príncipe A tc B te o pd p s op Figura 1. Lirularia antoniae spec. nov. Holotipo. Praia das Conchas, São Tomé. A: animal en movi- miento. B: concha (MNCN). Escalas 1 mm. Abreviaturas. o: ojo; op: opérculo; p: pie pd: proceso digitiforme sobre el extremo del morro; s: sifón; tc: tentáculo cefálico; te: tentáculo epipodial. Figure 1. Lirularia antoniae spec. nov. Holotype. Praia das Conchas, São Tomé. A: crawling animal. B: shell (MNCN). Scale bars 1 mm. Abbreviations. o: eye; op: operculum; p: foot; pd: digitiform processes on the tip of snout; s: siphon; tc: cep- halic tentacle; te: epipodial tentacle. Descripción: Concha sólida, bri- prosoclino y atraviesan la totalidad de la llante, nacarada, de perfil cónico y vuelta. Ombligo ancho y profundo, bor- espira algo elevada, compuesta por deado por el décimo cordón espiral; en unas 5 vueltas convexas, que están sepa- su interior se observan otros cuatro cor- radas por una sutura ancha y acanalada. dones espirales más. Abertura subcircu- Protoconcha (Fig. 5) con apenas una lar, prosoclina; labio externo fino, angu- vuelta de espira, lisa, con el núcleo de- lado por la presencia de los cordones formado y de unas 200 µm. Ornamenta- espirales; labio interno, ligeramente ción formada por cordones espirales y arqueado, reflejado hacia el exterior, costillas transversales muy numerosas, pero sin llegar a ocluir el ombligo. que al entrecruzarse forman pequeños Coloración muy variable, de blanco- nódulos; se observan, además, sutiles amarillento a rosa pálido, con manchas líneas de crecimiento que se extienden pardo rojizas o pardo oscuras y cierta paralelas a las costillas. Última vuelta iridiscencia. con 10 cordones espirales, de los que el Respecto a sus dimensiones, el holo- primero, subsutural, y el décimo, tipo (Fig. 1B) mide 1,78 mm de altura y periumbilical, son los más prominentes 1,98 mm de anchura. por ser nodulosos y angulan la concha. El animal (Fig. 1A) es de color blan- Los restantes cordones son poco marca- quecino excepto el sifón y una franja de dos, sobre todo en la parte media de la color negro situada en la parte distal del periferia, donde apenas son percepti- morro. La cabeza tiene un par de tentá- bles. Las costillas transversales están culos cefálicos muy largos y con micro- menos marcadas en la primera y última papilas, ojos negros situados sobre vuelta de la teloconcha, aunque en ésta cortos pedúnculos y carece de membra- última son numerosísimas; su curso es nas cefálicas. El morro está muy depri- 25 Iberus, 15 (1), 1997 mido distalmente y sus extremos se pro- como un filtro para evitar la entrada de longan transversalmente; hay un las partículas en la cavidad paleal. El ló- proceso digitiforme con forma de peine bulo derecho tiene una función exha- sobre su extremo. A cada lado de la lante. Dichas estructuras surgen como cabeza se observa un lóbulo cervical consecuencia de la adaptación de las es- modificado; el izquierdo, subdividido pecies de Solariellinae, Umboniinae y en apéndices tentaculiformes y, el Lirulariinae de África occidental a los derecho, que es plano, en el animal vivo, fondos blandos sobre los que habitan, a se enrolla para formar una estructura diferencia de otros trocoideos (Clancu- tubular con aspecto de sifón, moteado lus, Collonia, Gibbula, Tricolia, etc.) cuyo con manchas negro-opacas y de un hábitat está limitado a fondos rocosos. tamaño similar a los tentáculos cefálicos. Aspectos de esta adaptación coinciden- Epipodio con cuatro pares de tentácu- tes con estas características anatómicas los, carentes de macropapilas sensoria- pueden verse en FRETTER (1975) y HICK- les en su base, el primer par en posición MAN (1985). anterior y los tres pares restantes alrede- Siguiendo la clasificación de la fami- dor del lóbulo opercular. El pie es muy lia Trochidae propuesta por HICKMAN Y móvil, su extremo anterior es bilobulado MCLEAN (1990), y atendiendo a los ca- y se prolonga lateralmente y luego se racteres morfológicos y radulares que afila progresivamente hacia su extremo diferencian las tres subfamilias que per- posterior, para acabar en punta.
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