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Ballast-Mediated Introductions in Port Valdez/Prince William Sound, Alask

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Ballast-Mediated Introductions in Port Valdez/Prince William Sound, Alask Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 1 Chapter 9C7. Focal Taxonomic Collections: Shelled Molluscs Nora Foster, Aquatic Collection, University of Alaska Museum Methods Molluscs were collected and identified by N. Foster at sites in Prince William Sound during June 20-28, 1998 and August 8-14, 1999. In 1999 the field survey was expanded to include sites in Homer, Seward, and Hinchinbrook Entrance (see Fig. 9A.2 above). Also, J. Goddard and L. Schickel participated in the second year’s field collecting and identification, providing expertise in opisthobranch taxonomy (see Chapt 9C8. Opisthobranch Molluscs). Site information. Site information was collected by J. Chapman & T. Miller (see Chapt 9B). Sampling and processing. Presence and relative abundance (recorded as abundant, common, or rare) of the easily identified and abundant species were recorded in the field. Field notes were then transferred to spreadsheets maintained by J. Chapman. Voucher specimens of small or rare, mollusks were collected and or were preserved in 10% formalin. Identifications were made by N. Foster at the University of Alaska Museum Aquatic Collection. Identifications and distributions. No comprehensive reference is available for Alaskan marine mollusca. Major references used for both identifications and distribution records include Foster (1991) , Coan and Scott (unpublished draft ), Baxter (1987), Turgeon (1998), Kozloff (1996), and Harbo (1997). Voucher collections form this study will be accessioned into the UAM Aquatic Collection as accession 1998-003 and 1999-001. Results Seventy-nine mollusc species were collected or identified from 27 sites in 1998 (Table 9C7.1). Sixty- six three species were collected or identified from 16 sites in 1999 (Table 9C7.2). Mollusks were collected from three general types of habitats: 1. Human-made structures, including oyster lantern nets, and associated floats and buoys, and docks. Characteristic mollusks from fouling communities are Mytilus trossulus, Lacuna vincta, Hiatella arctica. This represented the richest habitat for nudibranchs, including 12 new records. Small mytilids were examined, to look for Musculista stenhousia. 2. Mudflats. Upper intertidal areas of mudflats, near Cordova and Valdez and Homer were dominated by Mya arenaria. A search was made for Nuttalia obscurata, Batillaria cumingi, Ilyanassa obsoleta, and Nassa fratercula, but these potenial NIS were not found at any site of our surveys. 3. Rocky intertidal zones of beaches, sheltered bays with eelgrass. Fauna of rocky intertidal areas, both in bays and headlands is fairly well documented. It is the habitat that is richest in species, but has fewest NIS candidates or new collecting records. In combination for the two years, 115 species of molluscs were sampled (Table 9C7.3). Of these species, the soft-shelled clam Mya arenaria is an NIS (Strasser 1999) that was widely distributed as a self-sustaining population in intertidal soft sediments of protected bays throughout Prince William Sound. Recently, Foster examined archaeological evidence for Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 2 Headlands & Rocky Harbors Mud bays Reefs Bays Fouling Table 9C7.1. Shelled Molluscs 1998 Survey Valdez Cordova Whittier Valdez Island Bligh Arm Valdez Growler Island Cordova Arm Valdez Island Busby Island Green Northwest Bay Valdez Cordova Whittier Island Bligh Bay Eagilik Island Evans Island Knight Bay Lake Main bay Bay Sheep Shotgun Cove Squaw Bay Valdez Port Arm Valdez Windy Bay Gastropoda x Acmaea mitra xxx Acteocina harpa x Aglaja ocelligera Alia gauspata xx x x Alvania sp. xxxxx Archidoris montereyensis xx x x Barleeia sp. x Buccinum baeri xxx Cerithiidae x Cerithiopsis sp. xx Crepidula dorsata x Crepidula perforans x Crepidula sp. x Cryptobranchia concentrica x Cryptonatica affinis xx Dendronotus Dendronotus ?albopunctatus x Dendronotus frondosus xx Diplodonta impolita x Dorid nudibranch xxx Doridella steinbergi xx x Eubranchus olivaceous xx Fusitriton oregonensis x Granulina margaritula x Haminoea virescens xx x Hermissenda crassicornis xxx x x Lacuna sp. xx x x x x x Lacuna marmorata xx xxx Lacuna vincta xx x xx x x Lepeta caeca x Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 3 Headlands & Rocky Harbors Mud bays ReefsBays Fouling Table 9C7.1. (Continued) Shelled Molluscs 1998 Survey Valdez Cordova Whittier Valdez Bligh Island Valdez Arm Growler Island Cordova Valdez Arm Island Busby Green Island Bay Northwest Valdez Cordova Whittier Bligh Island Eagilik Bay Island Evans Knight Island Bay Lake Main bay Bay Sheep Shotgun Cove Squaw Bay Port Valdez Valdez Arm Windy Bay Lepetidae? x Lirularia lirulata x Littorina scutulata xx x xx x x Littorina sitkana xxxxx x xx xx x Lottia pelta xxxxxxx xx x x x x Lottia sp. xxxxxx xx x x Margarites berhigensis xx Margarites helicinus xx Margarites pupilliis xxxxxx xx Margarites sp. Nassarius mendicus xx Neptunea lyrata x Nucella lamellosa xxxxx Nucella lima xxx Ocenebra interfossa x Odostomia spp. x Olivella baetica xxx Onepota spp. xx Scabrotrophon maltzani x Searlesia dira xxx Tectura fenestrata xx Tectura persona xx x x x x x x Tectura scutum xx xxxx x Trichotropis cancellata xx x Trichotropis insignis xx unidentified Turridae x Velutina rubra x Bivalvia Axinopsida sp. x Bankia setacea xx Chlamys rubida xx x x Clinocardium nuttalli xx xxx x Crassostrea gigas x Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 4 Headlands & Rocky Harbors Mud bays ReefsBays Fouling Table 9C7.1. (Continued) Shelled Molluscs 1998 Survey Valdez Cordova Whittier Valdez Bligh Island Valdez Arm Growler Island Cordova Valdez Arm Island Busby Green Island Northwest Bay Valdez Cordova Whittier Bligh Island Eagilik Bay Island Evans Knight Island Bay Lake Main bay Bay Sheep Cove Shotgun Bay Squaw Port Valdez Valdez Arm Windy Bay Gari californica x Hiatella arctica xxxxxx xxx x xxxx x xx xx Macoma balthica xxxx xx x x Macoma inquinata xx xx xx x Macoma nasuta xx Macoma sp. x x Modiolus modiolus xx Montacutidae x x Musculus vernicosus xxx x x Mya arenaria xxx x Mya pseudoarenaria x Mya sp. xxxx Mya truncata xx x x Mysella tumida xx x Mytilus trossulus xxxxxxx xxx x xxxx xx xxx x Pododesmus macroschisma xxxxxx x Protothaca staminea xx x xxx x Pseudopythinia compressa xx Saxidomus giganteus xx xxx xxx x x Serripes groenlandicus xx x x Serripes laperousii x Tresus capax xx Turtonia minuta xx Yoldia hyperborea x Polyplacophora Cryptochiton stelleri x Katherina tunicata x Lepidozona interstinctus x Mopalia ciliata xx x Mopalia lignosa xx xxx Mopalia sp. xx Schizoplax brandtii xx Tonicella insignis xx Tonicella lineata xx x Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 5 Table 9C7.2. Shelled Homer Valdez Cordov tine Bay Bay a Bay Molluscs 1999 Survey Cove Windy Harbor Tatitlek Seward Whittier Fairmont Constan- Lowell Pt Shot-gun Busby Is. Cloudman a = abundant c = common spit float r = rare p = present grab floats floats floats floats homer fouling benthic benthic benthic benthic benthic benthic Gastropoda Alia gauspata r Archidoris montereyensis r Boreotrophon r Buccinum baeri c Cerithiidae r Collisella digitalis c Collisellla strigatellla cc Crepipatella dorsata r Cryptobranchia alba rr r r Cryptonatica offinis rr dorid nudibranch cc Granulina margaritula r Haminoea vesicula crrc Hermissenda crassicornis c Lacuna vincta cccccc Littorina sitkana ac cacr c Llttoria scutulata cc Lottia pelta ac cc c Lottia strigatella r Margarites pupillis rr Melibe leonina c Nassarius mendicus r Neptunea lyrata p Nucella lamellosa cr Nucella lima ccr Ocinebrina interfossa r Odostomia sp. rr r Oenopota sp r Olivella baetica rr Onchidoris bilammelata c Polycera zosterae c Tectura fenestrata c Tectura persona cc Tectura scutum cc c Trichotropis cancellata cr Velutina plicatilis r Polyplacophora Mopalia cf M. imporcata r Mopallia cf. M.spectabilis r Moplalia ciliata r r Schizoplax brandtii r Tonicella lineata rr Tonicella rubra r Bivalvia Bankia setacea p Chlamys rubida rr Clinocardium californiense r Clinocardium nuttalli cc cc Clinocardium sp. cp Crassicardia crassidens r Cryptomya californica r Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 6 Table 9C7.2. Homer Valdez Cordov tine Bay Bay a Bay (Continued) Shelled Cove Windy Harbor Tatitlek Seward Seward Whittier Molluscs 1999 Survey Fairmont Constan- Lowell Pt Shot-gun Busby Is. Cloudman a = abundant c = common spit float r = rare p = present grab floats floats floats floats homer fouling benthic benthic benthic benthic benthic benthic Cyclocardia sp. rr Hiatella acrtica cccccp ccc Humilaria kennerleyi r Macoma balthica ac aca c Macoma calcarea p Macoma inquinata cc a cc c Macoma lama r Macoma obliqua rr Macoma sp. pp Modiolus modiolus rr Mya arenaria ca c Mya pseudoarenaria cc Mya sp. p Mya truncata cc r Mytilus trossulus aa a a c a a a a a a Neaeromya compressa r Pododesmus macroschisma r Protothaca staminea cc p c Saxidomus giganteus cc p c Serripes groenlandicus pr Serripes laperousii r Siliqua patula pp Spisula polynyma ccc Tresus capax cc Vilasina vernicosa cc c Yoldia myalis p Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9C7- 7 Table 9C7.3. All Mollusks from Both 1998 and 1999 Species Distribution NIS status Acmaea mitra NE Pac Acteocina harpa NE Pac Aglaja ocelligera NE Pac new record Astyris gauspata NE Pac Alvania sp. Archidoris montereyensis NE Pac Axinopsida sp. Bankia setacea NE Pac Barleeia sp. ? Boreotrophon Buccinum baeri NE Pac Cerithiidae Cerithiopsis? Chlamys rubida NE Pac Clinocardium californiense NE Pac Clinocardium nuttallii NEW Pac Clinocardium sp. Lottia digitalis NE Pac Lottia strigatellla NE Pac Cyclocardia crassidens NEW Pac Crassostrea
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