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Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
A Study of the Badjaos in Tawi- Tawi, Southwest Philippines Erwin Rapiz Navarro
Centre for Peace Studies Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education Living by the Day: A Study of the Badjaos in Tawi- Tawi, Southwest Philippines Erwin Rapiz Navarro Master’s thesis in Peace and Conflict Transformation – November 2015 i Abstract This study examines the impacts of sedentarization processes to the Badjaos in Tawi-Tawi, southwest of the Philippines. The study focuses on the means of sedentarizing the Badjaos, which are; the housing program and conditional cash transfer fund system. This study looks into the conditionalities, perceptions and experiences of the Badjaos who are beneficiaries of the mentioned programs. To realize this objective, this study draws on six qualitative interviews matching with participant-observation in three different localities in Tawi-Tawi. Furthermore, as a conceptual tool of analysis, the study uses sedentarization, social change, human development and ethnic identity. The study findings reveal the variety of outcomes and perceptions of each program among the informants. The housing project has made little impact to the welfare of the natives of the region. Furthermore, the housing project failed to provide security and consideration of cultural needs of the supposedly beneficiaries; Badjaos. On the other hand, cash transfer fund, though mired by irregularities, to some extent, helped in the subsistence of the Badjaos. Furthermore, contentment, as an antithesis to poverty, was being highlighted in the process of sedentarization as an expression of ethnic identity. Analytically, this study brings substantiation on the impacts of assimilation policies to indigenous groups, such as the Badjaos. Furthermore, this study serves as a springboard for the upcoming researchers in the noticeably lack of literature in the study of social change brought by sedentarization and development policies to ethnic groups in the Philippines. -
Pramoedya's Developing Literary Concepts- by Martina Heinschke
Between G elanggang and Lekra: Pramoedya's Developing Literary Concepts- by Martina Heinschke Introduction During the first decade of the New Order, the idea of the autonomy of art was the unchallenged basis for all art production considered legitimate. The term encompasses two significant assumptions. First, it includes the idea that art and/or its individual categories are recognized within society as independent sub-systems that make their own rules, i.e. that art is not subject to influences exerted by other social sub-systems (politics and religion, for example). Secondly, it entails a complex of aesthetic notions that basically tend to exclude all non-artistic considerations from the aesthetic field and to define art as an activity detached from everyday life. An aesthetics of autonomy can create problems for its adherents, as a review of recent occidental art and literary history makes clear. Artists have attempted to overcome these problems by reasserting social ideals (e.g. as in naturalism) or through revolt, as in the avant-garde movements of the twentieth century which challenged the aesthetic norms of the autonomous work of art in order to relocate aesthetic experience at a pivotal point in relation to individual and social life.* 1 * This article is based on parts of my doctoral thesis, Angkatan 45. Literaturkonzeptionen im gesellschafipolitischen Kontext (Berlin: Reimer, 1993). I thank the editors of Indonesia, especially Benedict Anderson, for helpful comments and suggestions. 1 In German studies of literature, the institutionalization of art as an autonomous field and its aesthetic consequences is discussed mainly by Christa Burger and Peter Burger. -
Ambiguitas Hak Kebebasan Beragama Di Indonesia Dan Posisinya Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Ambiguitas Hak Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia dan Posisinya Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi M. Syafi’ie Pusat Studi HAM UII Jeruk Legi RT 13, RW 35, Gang Bakung No 157A, Bangutapan, Bantul Email: syafi[email protected] Naskah diterima: 9/9/2011 revisi: 12/9/2011 disetujui: 14/9/2011 Abstrak Hak beragama merupakan salah satu hak yang dijamin dalam UUD 1945 dan beberapa regulasi tentang hak asasi manusia di Indonesia. Pada pasal 28I ayat 1 dinyatakan bahwa hak beragama dinyataNan seEagai haN yang tidaN dapat diNurang dalam keadaan apapun, sama halnya dengan hak hidup, hak untuk tidak disiNsa, haN NemerdeNaan piNiran dan hati nurani, haN untuk tidak diperbudak, hak untuk diakui sebagai pribadi di hadapan huNum, dan haN untuN tidaN dituntut atas dasar huNum yang berlaku surut. Sebagai salah satu hak yang tidak dapat dikurangi, maNa haN Eeragama semestinya EerlaNu secara universal dan non disNriminasi.TerEelahnya Maminan terhadap haN NeEeEasan beragama di tengah maraknya kekerasan yang atas nama agama mendorong beberapa /60 dan tokoh demokrasi untuk melakukan judicial review terhadap UU No. 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan 3enyalahgunaan dan atau 3enodaan Agama. 8ndang-8ndang terseEut dianggap Eertentangan dengan Maminan haN Eeragama yang tidak bisa dikurangi dalam keadaan apapun. Dalam konteks tersebut, Mahkamah Konstitusi menolak seluruhnya permohonan judicial review 88 terseEut, walaupun terdapat disenting opinion dari salah satu hakim konstitusi. Pasca putusan Mahkamah Konsitusi, Jurnal Konstitusi, Volume 8, Nomor 5, Oktober 2011 ISSN 1829-7706 identitas hak beragama di Indonesia menjadi lebih terang, yaitu bisa dikurangi dan dibatasi. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tidak menjadi kabar gembira bagi para pemohon, karena UU. No. 1/ PNPS/1965 bagi mereka adalah salah alat kelompok tertentu untuk membenarkan kekerasan atas nama agama kontemporer. -
Six Years of MTB MLE: Revisiting Teachers' Language Attitude
Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol. 1, No. 3 (Special Issue), (2018) ISSN 2651-6691 (Print) ISSN 2651-6705 (Online) Six years of MTB MLE: Revisiting Teachers’ Language Attitude towards the Teaching of Chavacano Ali G. Anudin Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines Abstract - To gauge the success of the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines is tantamount to examining it in a milieu where its citizens speak a number of languages. Zamboanga City is credibly one of the cities in the country identified to be multilingual where its people speak about eight (8) languages, namely: Chavacano, Cebuano-Bisaya, Tausug, Sama, Yakan, Tagalog, Subanen, and Hiligaynon. This study surveys the MTB-MLE program in its sixth year of implementation. Specifically, it attempted to determine the general language attitude of the teacher- respondents in using Chavacano as a language of instruction, and the difficulties they faced in the classroom in using the mother tongue. The data were gathered through qualitative descriptive method using survey questionnaire and interview questions. A total of thirty-eight (38) teachers participated as respondents: thirty-two (32) answered the survey questionnaire, and six (6) partook in accomplishing the interview questions. The respondents all come from one of the biggest public primary school i.e. Don Gregorio Elementary Memorial School (DONGEMS), which is located at the heart of Zamboanga City where the implementation of MTB-MLE was seen to be much difficult since there are eight prevailing languages used by the people within the area. The findings revealed that teachers generally have negative attitude towards the use of Chavacano as language of instruction. -
Epistemologi Intuitif Dalam Resepsi Estetis H.B. Jassin Terhadap Al-Qur'an
Epistemologi Intuitif dalam Resepsi Estetis H.B. Jassin terhadap Al-Qur’an Fadhli Lukman1 Abstract This article discusses two projects of well-known literary critic H.B. Jassin on the Qur’an. Jassin’s great career in literary criticism brought him to the domain of al-Qur’an, with his translation of the Qur’an Al-Qur’anul Karim Bacaan Mulia and his rearrangement of the writing of the Qur’an into poetic makeup. Using descriptive and analytical methods, this article concludes that the two works of H.B. Jassin came out of his aesthetic reception of the Qur’an. Epistemologically, these two kinds of reception are the result of Jassin intuitive senses, which he nourished for a long period. Abstrak Artikel ini membincang dua proyek sastrawan kenamaan Indonesia, H.B. Jassin, seputar Al-Qur’an. Karir besar Jassin dalam sastra mengantarkannya kepada ranah al-Qur’an, dengan karya terjemahan berjudul Al-Qur’anul Karim Bacaan Mulia dan penulisan mushaf berwajah puisi. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, artikel ini berakhir pada kesimpulan bahwa kedua karya H.B Jassin merupakan resepsi estetisnya terhadap Al-Qur’an. Berkaitan dengan epistemologi, kedua bentuk resepsi ini merupakan hasil dari pengetahuan intuitif Jassin yang ia asah dalam waktu yang panjang. Keywords: resepsi estetis, epistemologi intuitif, sastra, shi‘r 1Mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta/Alumnus Pondok Pesantren Sumatera Thawalib Parabek. E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Qur’a>n and H}adi@th Studies – Vol. 4, No. 1, (2015): 37-55 Fadhli Lukman Pendahuluan Sebagai sebuah kitab suci, al-Qur’an mendapatkan resepsi yang luar biasa besar dari penganutnya. -
Al-Qur'a>N Al-Kari>M Bacaan Mulia Karya H.B. Jassin)
KUTUB ARTISTIK DAN ESTETIK AL-QUR’A>N (Kajian Resepsi atas Terjemahan Surat al-Rah}ma>n dalam Al-Qur’a>n Al-Kari>m Bacaan Mulia Karya H.B. Jassin) Oleh: Muhammad Aswar NIM. 1420510081 TESIS Diajukan kepada Program Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Magister dalam Ilmu Agama Islam Program Studi Agama dan Filsafat Konsentrasi Studi Qur’an Hadis YOGYAKARTA 2018 ii iii iv v vi MOTTO “Musik muncul dalam masyarakat bersamaan dengan munculnya peradaban; dan akan hilang dari tengah masyarakat ketika peradaban mundur.” ~ Ibn Khaldun ~ vii Untuk istriku, Hilya Rifqi dan Najma, anak-anakku tercinta Dari mana tanganmu belajar menggenggam? viii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ARAB-LATIN Transliterasi adalah kata-kata Arab yang dipakai dalam penyusunan skripsi ini berpedoman pada surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, Nomor 158 Tahun 1987 dan Nomor 0543b/U/1987. I. Konsonan Tunggal Huruf Nama Huruf Latin Nama Arab Alif Tidak dilambangkan Tidak dilambangkan ا ba‘ b be ة ta' t te ت (s\a s\ es (dengan titik di atas ث Jim j je ج (h}a‘ h{ ha (dengan titik di bawah ح kha’ kh ka dan ha خ Dal d de د (z\al z\ zet (dengan titik di atas ذ ra‘ r er ر Zai z zet ز Sin s es ش Syin sy es dan ye ش (s}ad s} es (dengan titik di bawah ص (d{ad d{ de (dengan titik di bawah ض (t}a'> t} te (dengan titik di bawah ط (z}a' z} zet (dengan titik di bawah ظ (ain ‘ koma terbalik ( di atas‘ ع Gain g ge غ ix fa‘ f ef ف Qaf q qi ق Kaf k ka ك Lam l el ه Mim m em ً Nun n en ُ Wawu w we و ha’ h H هـ Hamzah ’ apostrof ء ya' y Ye ي II. -
A National Mental Revolution
A NATIONAL MENTAL REVOLUTION THROUGH THE RESTORATION OF CITIES OF COLONIAL LEGACY: TOWARDS BUILDING A STRONG NATION’S CHARACTER An Urban Cultural Historical and Bio Psychosocial Overview By Martono Yuwono and Krishnahari S. Pribadi, MD *) “We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us” --- (Sir Winston Churchill). “The young generation does not realize how hard and difficult it was when Indonesia struggled for our independence throughout three hundred years of colonization. They have to learn thoroughly from our history and to use the experiences and leadership of the older generations, as guidance and role models. They have to understand about our national identity. When they do not know their national’s identity, where would they go?” (Ali Sadikin’s statement as interviewed by Express Magazine, June 1, 1973, and several times discussions with Martono Yuwono) “Majapahit", a strong maritime nation in the 14th century The history of Indonesia as a maritime nation dates back to the 14th century when this South East Asian region was subjected under the reign of the great “Majapahit” Empire. The Empire ruled a region which is geographically located between two great continents namely Asia and Australia, and at the same time between two great oceans namely the Pacific and the Indian oceans. This region consisted of mainly the archipelagic group of islands (which is now referred to as Indonesia), and some portion of the coastal region at the south eastern tip of the Asian continent. “Majapahit” was already the largest archipelagic state in the world at that time, in control of the strategic cross roads (sea lanes) between those two great continents and two great oceans. -
INDIGENOUS GROUPS of SABAH: an Annotated Bibliography of Linguistic and Anthropological Sources
INDIGENOUS GROUPS OF SABAH: An Annotated Bibliography of Linguistic and Anthropological Sources Part 1: Authors Compiled by Hans J. B. Combrink, Craig Soderberg, Michael E. Boutin, and Alanna Y. Boutin SIL International SIL e-Books 7 ©2008 SIL International Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2008932444 ISBN: 978-155671-218-0 Fair Use Policy Books published in the SIL e-Books series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of SILEB or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s). Series Editor Mary Ruth Wise Volume Editor Mae Zook Compositor Mae Zook The 1st edition was published in 1984 as the Sabah Museum Monograph, No. 1. nd The 2 edition was published in 1986 as the Sabah Museum Monograph, No. 1, Part 2. The revised and updated edition was published in 2006 in two volumes by the Malaysia Branch of SIL International in cooperation with the Govt. of the State of Sabah, Malaysia. This 2008 edition is published by SIL International in single column format that preserves the pagination of the 2006 print edition as much as possible. Printed copies of Indigenous groups of Sabah: An annotated bibliography of linguistic and anthropological sources ©2006, ISSN 1511-6964 may be obtained from The Sabah Museum Handicraft Shop Main Building Sabah Museum Complex, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, -
A Phylogenetic Approach to Comparative Linguistics: a Test Study Using the Languages of Borneo
Hirzi Luqman 1st September 2010 A Phylogenetic Approach to Comparative Linguistics: a Test Study using the Languages of Borneo Abstract The conceptual parallels between linguistic and biological evolution are striking; languages, like genes are subject to mutation, replication, inheritance and selection. In this study, we explore the possibility of applying phylogenetic techniques established in biology to linguistic data. Three common phylogenetic reconstruction methods are tested: (1) distance-based network reconstruction, (2) maximum parsimony and (3) Bayesian inference. We use network analysis as a preliminary test to inspect degree of horizontal transmission prior to the use of the other methods. We test each method for applicability and accuracy, and compare their results with those from traditional classification. We find that the maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods are both very powerful and accurate in their phylogeny reconstruction. The maximum parsimony method recovered 8 out of a possible 13 clades identically, while the Bayesian inference recovered 7 out of 13. This match improved when we considered only fully resolved clades for the traditional classification, with maximum parsimony scoring 8 out of 9 possible matches, and Bayesian 7 out of 9 matches. Introduction different dialects and languages. And just as phylogenetic inference may be muddied by horizontal transmission, so “The formation of different languages and of distinct too may borrowing and imposition cloud true linguistic species, and the proofs that both have been developed relations. These fundamental similarities in biological and through a gradual process, are curiously parallel... We find language evolution are obvious, but do they imply that tools in distinct languages striking homologies due to community and methods developed in one field are truly transferable to of descent, and analogies due to a similar process of the other? Or are they merely clever and coincidental formation.. -
Heirs to World Culture DEF1.Indd
14 The capital of pulp fiction and other capitals Cultural life in Medan, 1950-1958 Marije Plomp The general picture of cultural activities in Indonesia during the 1950s emanating from available studies is based on data pertain- ing to the nation’s political and cultural centre,1 Jakarta, and two or three other main cities in Java (Foulcher 1986; Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri and Muhidin M. Dahlan 2008). Other regions are often mentioned only in the framework of the highly politicized debate on the outlook of an Indonesian national culture that had its origins in the 1930s (Foulcher 1986:32-3). Before the war, the discussions on culture in relation to a nation were anti-colonial and nationalistic in nature, but after Independence the focus shifted. Now the questions were whether or not the regional cul- tures could contribute to a modern Indonesian national culture, and how they were to be valued vis-à-vis that national culture. What cultural life in one of the cities in the outer regions actually looked like, and what kind of cultural networks – national, trans- national and transborder – existed in the various regions has yet to be researched. With this essay I aim to contribute to a more differentiated view on the cultural activities in Indonesia in the 1950s by charting a part of the cultural world of Medan and two of its (trans)national and transborder cultural exchange networks in the period 1950- 1958. This time span covers the first eight years of Indonesia as an independent nation until the start of the insurrection against the central army and government leaders by North Sumatran army commander Colonel Maludin Simbolon on 22 December 1958 (Conboy 2003:37-51). -
Languages of Southeast Asia
Jiarong Horpa Zhaba Amdo Tibetan Guiqiong Queyu Horpa Wu Chinese Central Tibetan Khams Tibetan Muya Huizhou Chinese Eastern Xiangxi Miao Yidu LuobaLanguages of Southeast Asia Northern Tujia Bogaer Luoba Ersu Yidu Luoba Tibetan Mandarin Chinese Digaro-Mishmi Northern Pumi Yidu LuobaDarang Deng Namuyi Bogaer Luoba Geman Deng Shixing Hmong Njua Eastern Xiangxi Miao Tibetan Idu-Mishmi Idu-Mishmi Nuosu Tibetan Tshangla Hmong Njua Miju-Mishmi Drung Tawan Monba Wunai Bunu Adi Khamti Southern Pumi Large Flowery Miao Dzongkha Kurtokha Dzalakha Phake Wunai Bunu Ta w an g M o np a Gelao Wunai Bunu Gan Chinese Bumthangkha Lama Nung Wusa Nasu Wunai Bunu Norra Wusa Nasu Xiang Chinese Chug Nung Wunai Bunu Chocangacakha Dakpakha Khamti Min Bei Chinese Nupbikha Lish Kachari Ta se N a ga Naxi Hmong Njua Brokpake Nisi Khamti Nung Large Flowery Miao Nyenkha Chalikha Sartang Lisu Nung Lisu Southern Pumi Kalaktang Monpa Apatani Khamti Ta se N a ga Wusa Nasu Adap Tshangla Nocte Naga Ayi Nung Khengkha Rawang Gongduk Tshangla Sherdukpen Nocte Naga Lisu Large Flowery Miao Northern Dong Khamti Lipo Wusa NasuWhite Miao Nepali Nepali Lhao Vo Deori Luopohe Miao Ge Southern Pumi White Miao Nepali Konyak Naga Nusu Gelao GelaoNorthern Guiyang MiaoLuopohe Miao Bodo Kachari White Miao Khamti Lipo Lipo Northern Qiandong Miao White Miao Gelao Hmong Njua Eastern Qiandong Miao Phom Naga Khamti Zauzou Lipo Large Flowery Miao Ge Northern Rengma Naga Chang Naga Wusa Nasu Wunai Bunu Assamese Southern Guiyang Miao Southern Rengma Naga Khamti Ta i N u a Wusa Nasu Northern Huishui