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The Archaeology of Jerusalem TThhee AArrcchhaaeeoollooggyy ooff JJeerruussaalleemm:: From the Origins to the Ottomans JUDS 1610 Prof. Katharina Galor Meetings: Thursdays 4–6:30 pm Office hours: Tuesdays 1:30–3:30 pm @ 163 George Street, Room 203 Course description: Jerusalem has earned a special eminence among the famed ancient cities of the world. Its sanctity to Jews, Christians, and Moslems has made the city a focus of discussions and controversies regarding the evolving and changing identities throughout its long urban history. More than 1700 archaeological excavations and surveys in and around the Old City have been conducted over the last 150 years. In this seminar we will examine the material remains of the city from the beginnings in the Chalcolithic period through the end of the Ottoman period in 1917 CE. The contemporary literary sources as well as the more recent scholarly debates and discoveries help us understand the material remains of the relevant periods. Grades and evaluation: 1) Reading assignments: The selected weekly reading assignments are an essential component of this class. Students will be expected to read regularly and be able to comment critically on the contents. 2) Course assignments: 25% class participation (attendance is mandatory); 20% midterm paper; 30% class presentations; 25% final paper 3) Course commitments: Over the course of the semester students will spend 3 hours weekly in class (39 hours); approximately 5 hours weekly on reading assignments and 2 hours weekly on class presentations (91 hours); about 20 hours on research and writing for the midterm and 30 hours on research and writing for the final paper (50 hours). Objectives: 1) Understand the methodology of archaeological exploration, including field work (excavation and survey methods), field registrations and notes, scientific analyses, and publication processes 2) Learn about Jerusalem’s different periods of occupation, based on historical sources in dialogue with the visual and material culture 3) Familiarity with the recent literature on the subject (including excavation reports as well as analytical and interpretative works) and ability to navigate the library and other research tools to access the most critical and up-to-date research on related topics 4) Develop the analytical skills to evaluate the readings and develop the communication skills to share the information critically in presentations, papers, and discussions 5) Ability to read maps, diagrams, plans, sections, 3D models and reconstructions, as well as other visual tools necessary to examine archaeological sites and artefacts Inclusion: Understand Brown University is committed to full inclusion of all students. Please inform me early in the term if you have a disability or other conditions that might require accommodations or modification of any of these course procedures. You may speak with me after class or during office hours. For more information, please contact Student and Employee Accessibility Services at 401-863-9588 or [email protected] in need of short-term academic advice or support can contact one of the deans in the Dean of the College office. 1. January 24: Introduction 2. January 31: Pre-history Readings and Presentations: Franken, H.J.: Jerusalem in the Bronze Age, 3000-1000 BC, in (ed.) K.J. Asali, Jerusalem in History, (1989) 11–41. Dever, W.: What Archaeology Can Contribute to an Understanding of the Bible, in Biblical Archaeology Review 7 (1981). Cahill, J.M. and Tarler, D.: Excavations Directed by Yigal Shiloh at the City of David, 1978–1985, in (ed.) H. Geva, Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem (1994) 31–45. 3. February 7: Bronze and Iron Ages Readings and Presentations: Shiloh, Y.: The Rediscovery of the Ancient Water System Known as ‘Warren's Shaft’, in in (ed.) H. Geva, Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem (1994) 46–54. A. Faust: How Did Israel Become a People? The genesis of Israelite identity, in Biblical Archaeology Review 35/6 (2009). Steiner, M., Cahill, J. and Na’aman, N.: David’s Jerusalem: Fiction or Reality? in Biblical Archaeology Review 24/4 (1998). Shanks, H.: The Missing Millennium in Jerusalem’s Archaeology, in Biblical Archaeology Review 26/5 (2000). Mazar, E.: Did I Find King David’s Palace? in Biblical Archaeology Review 32/1 (2006). Finkelstein, I., Singer-Avitz, L., Herzog, Z. and Ussishkin, D.: Has King David’s Palace in Jerusalem been Found? in Tel Aviv 34/2 (2007) 142–164. Faust, A.: Did Eilat Mazar find David’s Palace? in Biblical Archaeology Review 38/5 (2012). Barkay, G.: Royal Palace, Royal Portrait? The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Rahel, in Biblical Archaeology Review 32/5 (2006). G. Barkay: The Riches of Ketef Hinnom, in Biblical Archaeology Review BAR 35/4 (2009). Barkay, G.: News from the Field: The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem, in Biblical Archaeology Review 9 (1983). Barkay, G., Fantalkin, A. and Tal, O.: A Late Iron Age Fortress North of Jerusalem,” in Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 328 (2002) 49–71. Uziel, J. and Shai, I.: Iron Age Jerusalem: Temple-Palace, Capital City, in Journal of the American Oriental Society 127/2 (2007) 161–170. Lawler, A.: Judging Jerusalem, in Science 315/5812 (2007) 588–591. Na’aman, N.: When and How Did Jerusalem Become a Great City? The Rise of Jerusalem as Judah’s Premier City in the Eighth-Seventh Centuries BCE, in Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 347 (2007) 21–56. 4. February 14: Babylonian and Persian Periods Readings and Presentations: Avi-Yonah, M.: The Walls of Nehemiah – A Minimalist View, in Israel Exploration Journal 4 (1954) 239–248. Williamson, H.G.M.: Nehemiah’s Walls Revisited, in Palestine Exploration Quarterly (1984) 81–84. Mazar, E., The Wall that Nehemiah Built, in Biblical Archaeology Review 35/2 (2009). Betlyon, J.W.: A People Transformed. Palestine in the Persian Period, in Near Eastern Archaeology 68/1- 2 (2005) 5–53. Hurowitz, V., The Genesis of Genesis. Is the Creation Story Babylonian? in Biblical Archaeology Review 21/1 (2005). Hallo, W., Before Tea Leaves: Divination in Ancient Babylonia, in Biblical Archaeology Review 31/2 (2005). Arnold, B., Nebuchadnezzar & Solomon. Parallel Lives Illuminate History, in Biblical Archaeology Review 33/1 (2007). Stern, E., The Babylonian Gap. The Assyrians impressed their culture on Israel … the Babylonians left no trace, in Biblical Archaeology Review 26/6 (2000). Avni, G., The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem (614 CE)—An Archaeological Assessment, in Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 357 (2010) 35–48. 5. February 21: Hellenistic Period Readings and Presentations: Berlin, A.M., Between Large Forces: Palestine in the Hellenistic Period, in Biblical Archaeologist 60/1 (1997) 2–51. Tsafrir, Y., The Location of the Seleucid Akra in Jerusalem, in Biblical Archaeologist (1975) 501–521. Harrison, R., Hellenization in Syria-Palestine: The Case of Judea in the Third Century BCE, in Biblical Archaeologist 57/2 (1994) 98–108. Avi-Yonah, M., Jerusalem of the Second Temple Period, in Jerusalem Revealed, (ed.) Y. Yadin, Jerusalem Revealed, Jerusalem (1975) 9–13. Waywell, G.B. and Berlin, A., Monumental tombs from Maussollos to the Maccabees, in Biblical Archaeology Review 33/3 (2007). 6. February 28: Roman Period I Readings and Presentations: Ben-Dov, M., Herod’s Mighty Temple Mount, in Biblical Archaeology Review 12/6 (1986). Avigad, N., The Period of the Second Temple, in Discovering Jerusalem, Nashville (1983) 81–202. Bahat, D., Does the Holy Sepulchre Church Mark the Burial of Jesus? in Biblical Archaeology Review 12/3 (1986). Barkay, G., The Garden Tomb - Was Jesus Buried Here? in Biblical Archaeology Review 12/2 (1986). Tsaferis, V., Crucifixion – The Archaeological Evidence, in Biblical Archaeology Review 11/1 (1985). 7. March 7: Roman Period II Readings and Presentations: Avni, G., and Greenhut, X., Resting Place of the Rich and Famous, in Biblical Archaeology Review 20/6 (1994). Rachmani, L., Ancient Jerusalem's Funerary Customs and Tombs, Part Three, in Biblical Archaeologist 44 (1981) 171–177; 45 (1982) 43–53, 109–119. Geva, H., Searching for Roman Jerusalem, in Biblical Archaeology Review 23/6 (1997). Holum, K., Hadrian’s Imperial Tour, in Biblical Archaeology Review 23/6 (1997). Murphy O’Connor, J., The Location of the Capitol in Aelia Capitolina, in Revue Biblique 94/3 (1994) 407–415. 8. March 14: Byzantine Period Readings and Presentations: Magness, J., Illuminating Byzantine Jerusalem, in Biblical Archaeology Review 24/2 (1998). Mazar, E., Temple Mount Excavations Unearth the Monastery of the Virgins, in Biblical Archaeology Review 30/3 (2004). Rubin, Z., Christianity in Byzantine Palestine – Missionary Activity and Religious Coercion, in (ed.) L. I. Levine, The Jerusalem Cathedra, vol. III, Jerusalem (1983) 97–113. Patrich, J., The Early Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Light of Excavations and Restoration, in (ed.) Y. Tsaferis, Ancient Churches Revealed, Jerusalem (1993) 101–117. Kislilevitz, S., Onn, A., Ouahanouna, B. and Weksler-Bdolah, S., Layers of Ancient Jerusalem, in Biblical Archaeology Review 38/1 (2012). Eshel, H., Magness, J. and Shenhav, E., Surprises at Yattir: Unexpected Evidence of Early Christianity, in Biblical Archaeology Review 27/4 (2001). Besonen, J., The Yattir Mosaic: A Visual Journey to Christ, Biblical Archaeology Review 26/6 (2000). Cohen, R.., The Marvelous Mosaics of Kissufim, Biblical Archaeology Review 6/1 (1980). 9. March 21: Early Islamic Period Readings and Presentations: Grabar, O., The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, in Ars Orientalis III (1959) 33–62. Rosen-Ayalon, M., The Early Islamic Monuments of Al-Haram Al-Sharif. An Iconographic Study, in Qedem 28 (1989) 4–24, 46–73. Chen, D., The Design of the Dome of the Rock, in Palestine Exploration Quarterly 65 (1980) 41–50. Hamilton, R.W., Once Again the Aqsa, in (eds.) J. Raby and J. Johns, Bayt al-Maqdis- Abd al-Malik’s Jerusalem, I, Oxford (1992) 141–144.
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