1 REFERENCES Abadi-Reiss Y. and Varga D. 2019. Inter-Site
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The Good Samaritan Inn 55 NATIONAL PARKS and NATURE Mosaic Museum RESERVES
BUY AN ISRAEL NATURE AND PARKS AUTHORITY SUBSCRIPTION FOR UNLIMITED FREE ENTRY TO The Good Samaritan Inn 55 NATIONAL PARKS AND NATURE Mosaic Museum RESERVES. A lioness from the Gaza mosaic Rules of Conduct ■ Do not harm the antiquities: Do not carve on them, walk on them or pour water on them. ■ Do not collect “souvenirs” from remains scattered in the area. ■ Do not enter places that are off-limits for visitors. Nearby Sites: ■ Do not cross fences or roll stones. ■ Please keep the area clean. Qumran Location of the Good Samaritan Inn Mosaic Museum National Park about 25 minutes’ drive The museum is on the southern side of the Jerusalem–Jericho road (road 1) between kilometer markers 80 and 81. The interchange affords easy access from whichever direction you approach. To reserve a guided tour for a group, email: You Enot Tsukim are here Nature Reserve [email protected] about 25 minutes’ drive Hours: Daily from 8:00 to 17:00. En Prat During winter time, the site closes one hour earlier. Nature Reserve On Fridays and holiday eves, the site closes one hour earlier. about 20 minutes’ drive Entry is permitted up to one hour before closing. Text: Ya‘acov Shkolnik Translation: Miriam Feinberg Vamosh 6.18 Photos: Israel Nature and Parks Authority Archive; Ya‘acov Shkolnik; Tal Romano; Amir Aloni Production: Adi Greenbaum www.parks.org.il I *3639 I © Israel Nature and Parks Authority The Good Samaritan Inn, Tel: 02-6338230 established on the initiative of the archaeologist Dr. Yitzhak Welcome to the Magen, who served as the head of the Judea and Samaria Inn of the Good Samaritan Archaeology Unit. -
Protection of Civilians Weekly Report
U N I TOCHA E D Weekly N A Report: T I O 28N FebruaryS – 6 March 2007 N A T I O N S| 1 U N I E S OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS P.O. Box 38712, East Jerusalem, Phone: (+972) 2-582 9962 / 582 5853, Fax: (+972) 2-582 5841 [email protected], www.ochaopt.org Protection of Civilians Weekly Report 28 February – 6 March 2007 Of note this week The IDF imposed a total closure on the West Bank during the Jewish holiday of Purim between 2 – 5 March. The closure prevented Palestinians, including workers, with valid permits, from accessing East Jerusalem and Israel during the four days. It is a year – the start of the 2006 Purim holiday – since Palestinian workers from the Gaza Strip have been prevented from accessing jobs in Israel. West Bank: − On 28 February, the IDF re-entered Nablus for one day to continue its largest scale operation for three years, codenamed ‘Hot Winter’. This second phase of the operation again saw a curfew imposed on the Old City, the occupation of schools and homes and house-to-house searches. The IDF also surrounded the three major hospitals in the area and checked all Palestinians entering and leaving. According to the Nablus Municipality 284 shops were damaged during the course of the operation. − Israeli Security Forces were on high alert in and around the Old city of Jerusalem in anticipation of further demonstrations and clashes following Friday Prayers at Al Aqsa mosque. Due to the Jewish holiday of Purim over the weekend, the Israeli authorities declared a blanket closure from Friday 2 March until the morning of Tuesday 6 March and all major roads leading to the Old City were blocked. -
The Vandalism of the Mosaics in the Severan Synagogue in Hammat Tiberias
Rebecca Kasmin The Vandalism of the Mosaics in the Severan Synagogue in Hammat Tiberias Rebecca Kasmin In the third and fourth century CE, the ancient city of Hammat Tiberias, located in modern-day Israel, developed as a Jewish center. One of its synagogues, excavated in the 1960s, contains a remarkable floor mosaic, one of the earliest synagogue mosaics in the country. It is composed of several panels, depicting traditional Jewish religious objects, as well as a zodiac wheel, complete with personifications of the four seasons, plus the figure of the god Helios in the middle, riding in his chariot. The extraordinary nature and circumstances of the mosaic and synagogue make its recent vandalism all the more difficult to bear. This article analyzes the vandalism of the mosaics that occurred on May 29, 2012, which seems most likely to be attributable to the Haredim, an ultra-orthodox sect of Judaism. After a discussion of the history of the site, and an analysis of the mosaics themselves, I discuss the perpetrators and their motive, the physical damage, recent comparable acts, and what could be done to prevent future attacks of a similar nature. One can only hope that raising awareness of these acts will prevent them in the future. 78 Chronika The Vandalism of the Mosaics in the Severan Synagogue in Hammat Tiberias Introduction years later, the Romans, always quick to take advantage of such a sought-after commodity, In 1920, the unsuspecting Jewish Labor erected beautiful spas and turned the town into Battalion was paving a road between the cities a popular resort.5 Hammat is mentioned as a of Tiberias and Zemach in Israel. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
The Illnesses of Herod the Great 1. Introduction 2. Sources of Information
The illnesses of Herod the Great THE ILLNESSES OF HEROD THE GREAT ABSTRACT Herod the Great, Idumean by birth, was king of the Jews from 40BC to AD 4. An able statesman, builder and warrior, he ruthlessly stamped out all perceived opposi- tion to his rule. His last decade was characterised by vicious strife within his family and progressive ill health. We review the nature of his illnesses and suggest that he had meningoencephalitis in 59 BC, and that he died primarily of uraemia and hyper- tensive heart failure, but accept diabetes mellitus as a possible underlying etiological factor. The possibility that Josephus’s classical description of Herod’s disease could be biased by “topos” biography (popular at the time), is discussed. The latter conside- ration is particularly relevant in determining the significance of the king’s reputed worm- infested genital lesions. 1. INTRODUCTION Herod the Great, king of the Jews at the onset of the Christian era, had no Jewish blood in his veins. Infamous in Christian tradition for the massacre of the newborn in Bethlehem, he was nevertheless a vigorous and able ruler, a prolific builder, friend and ally of Rome and founder of an extensive Herodian dynasty which significantly influenced the history of Palestine. His miserable death at the age of 69 years was seen by the Jewish religious fraternity as Jahweh’s just retribution for his vio- lation of Judaic traditions (Ferguson 1987:328-330; Sizoo 1950:6-9). The nature and cause of his illness and death is the subject of this study. 2. SOURCES OF INFORMATION With the exception of fragmentary contributions from Rabbinic tradi- tions, Christian records in the New Testament and evidence from con- temporary coins, Herod’s biography comes to us predominantly through the writings of Flavius Josephus, a Jewish priest of aristocratic descent, military commander in a revolt against Rome, but subsequent recipient of Roman citizenship. -
99.8% of State Lands Allocated in the West Bank Were Given to Israelis; Palestinians Were Given Almost Nothing
State Land Allocation in the West Bank—For Israelis Only, July 2018 99.8% of state lands allocated in the West Bank were given to Israelis; Palestinians were given almost nothing Following a request under the Freedom of Information Act submitted by Peace Now and the Movement for Freedom of Information (and after refusing to give the information and a two-and-a-half year delay), the Civil Administration's response was received: 99.76% (about 674,459 dunams) of state land allocated for any use in the Occupied West Bank was allocated for the needs of Israeli settlements. The Palestinians were allocated, at most, only 0.24% (about 1,625 dunams). Some 80% of the allocations to Palestinians (1,299 dunams) were for the purpose of establishing settlements (669 dunams) and for the forced transfer of Bedouin communities (630 dunams). Only 326 dunams at most were allocated without strings for the benefit of Palestinians, and at least 121 of those dunams are currently in Area B under Palestinian control. Most of the allocations to the Palestinians (about 53%) were made prior to the 1995 Interim Agreement (the Oslo II Agreement, in which the West Bank was divided into Areas A, B and C, and transferred control over 40% of the West Bank to the Palestinian Authority). The High Court of Justice is currently facing the issue of the evacuation of the Palestinian village of Al-Khan al- Ahmar, which the state wants to demolish and expel its residents to another area. The residents of the village are asking the High Court of Justice to stop the evacuation until the Civil Administration discusses the detailed construction plan they prepared for the village's approval, which the state has refused to consider. -
Reassessing the Judean Desert Caves: Libraries, Archives, Genizas and Hiding Places
Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 2007 Volume 25 Reassessing the Judean Desert Caves: Libraries, Archives, Genizas and Hiding Places STEPHEN PFANN In December 1952, five years after the discovery of Qumran cave 1, Roland de Vaux connected its manuscript remains to the nearby site of Khirbet Qumran when he found one of the unique cylindrical jars, typical of cave 1Q, embedded in the floor of the site. The power of this suggestion was such that, from that point on, as each successive Judean Desert cave containing first-century scrolls was discovered, they, too, were assumed to have originated from the site of Qumran. Even the scrolls discovered at Masada were thought to have arrived there by the hands of Essene refugees. Other researchers have since proposed that certain teachings within the scrolls of Qumran’s caves provide evidence for a sect that does not match that of the Essenes described by first-century writers such as Josephus, Philo and Pliny. These researchers prefer to call this group ‘the Qumran Community’, ‘the Covenanters’, ‘the Yahad ’ or simply ‘sectarians’. The problem is that no single title sufficiently covers the doctrines presented in the scrolls, primarily since there is a clear diversity in doctrine among these scrolls.1 In this article, I would like to present a challenge to this monolithic approach to the understanding of the caves and their scroll collections. This reassessment will be based on a close examination of the material culture of the caves (including ceramics and fabrics) and the palaeographic dating of the scroll collections in individual caves. -
Shells and Ochre in Middle Paleolithic Qafzeh Cave, Israel: Indications for Modern Behavior
Journal of Human Evolution 56 (2009) 307–314 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Shells and ochre in Middle Paleolithic Qafzeh Cave, Israel: indications for modern behavior Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer a,*, Bernard Vandermeersch b, Ofer Bar-Yosef c a The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies and Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel b Laboratoire d’Anthropologie des Populations du Passe´, Universite´ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France c Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Qafzeh Cave, the burial grounds of several anatomically modern humans, producers of Mousterian Received 7 March 2008 industry, yielded archaeological evidence reflecting their modern behavior. Dated to 92 ka BP, the lower Accepted 15 October 2008 layers at the site contained a series of hearths, several human graves, flint artifacts, animal bones, a collection of sea shells, lumps of red ochre, and an incised cortical flake. The marine shells were Keywords: recovered from layers earlier than most of the graves except for one burial. The shells were collected and Shell beads brought from the Mediterranean Sea shore some 35 km away, and are complete Glycymeris bivalves, Modern humans naturally perforated. Several valves bear traces of having been strung, and a few had ochre stains on Glycymeris insubrica them. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction and electron spin resonance (ESR) readings that placed both the Skhul and Qafzeh hominins in the range of 130–90 ka BP (Schwarcz Until a few years ago it was assumed that seashells were et al., 1988; Valladas et al., 1988; Mercier et al., 1993). -
The Bedouin Population in the Negev
T The Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Bedouins h in the Negev have rarely been included in the Israeli public e discourse, even though they comprise around one-fourth B Bedouin e of the Negev’s population. Recently, however, political, d o economic and social changes have raised public awareness u i of this population group, as have the efforts to resolve the n TThehe BBedouinedouin PPopulationopulation status of the unrecognized Bedouin villages in the Negev, P Population o primarily through the Goldberg and Prawer Committees. p u These changing trends have exposed major shortcomings l a in information, facts and figures regarding the Arab- t i iinn tthehe NNegevegev o Bedouins in the Negev. The objective of this publication n The Abraham Fund Initiatives is to fill in this missing information and to portray a i in the n Building a Shared Future for Israel’s comprehensive picture of this population group. t Jewish and Arab Citizens h The first section, written by Arik Rudnitzky, describes e The Abraham Fund Initiatives is a non- the social, demographic and economic characteristics of N Negev profit organization that has been working e Bedouin society in the Negev and compares these to the g since 1989 to promote coexistence and Jewish population and the general Arab population in e equality among Israel’s Jewish and Arab v Israel. citizens. Named for the common ancestor of both Jews and Arabs, The Abraham In the second section, Dr. Thabet Abu Ras discusses social Fund Initiatives advances a cohesive, and demographic attributes in the context of government secure and just Israeli society by policy toward the Bedouin population with respect to promoting policies based on innovative economics, politics, land and settlement, decisive rulings social models, and by conducting large- of the High Court of Justice concerning the Bedouins and scale social change initiatives, advocacy the new political awakening in Bedouin society. -
Constructing God's Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation
Constructing God’s Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation in Bilad al-Sham, 640-743 CE Nissim Lebovits Senior Honors Thesis in the Department of History Vanderbilt University 20 April 2020 Contents Maps 2 Note on Conventions 6 Acknowledgements 8 Chronology 9 Glossary 10 Introduction 12 Chapter One 21 Chapter Two 45 Chapter Three 74 Chapter Four 92 Conclusion 116 Figures 121 Works Cited 191 1 Maps Map 1: Bilad al-Sham, ca. 9th Century CE. “Map of Islamic Syria and its Provinces”, last modified 27 December 2013, accessed April 19, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham#/media/File:Syria_in_the_9th_century.svg. 2 Map 2: Umayyad Bilad al-Sham, early 8th century CE. Khaled Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 240. 3 Map 3: The approximate borders of the eastern portion of the Umayyad caliphate, ca. 724 CE. Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State, 238. 4 Map 4: Ghassanid buildings and inscriptions in Bilad al-Sham prior to the Muslim conquest. Heinz Gaube, “The Syrian desert castles: some economic and political perspectives on their genesis,” trans. Goldbloom, in The Articulation of Early Islamic State Structures, ed. Fred Donner (Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2012) 352. 5 Note on Conventions Because this thesis addresses itself to a non-specialist audience, certain accommodations have been made. Dates are based on the Julian, rather than Islamic, calendar. All dates referenced are in the Common Era (CE) unless otherwise specified. Transliteration follows the system of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES), including the recommended exceptions. -
The Impact of the Documentary Papyri from the Judaean Desert on the Study of Jewish History from 70 to 135 CE
Hannah M. Cotton The Impact of the Documentary Papyri from the Judaean Desert on the Study of Jewish History from 70 to 135 CE We are now in possession of inventories of almost the entire corpus of documents discovered in the Judaean Desert1. Obviously the same cannot be said about the state of publication of the documents. We still lack a great many documents. I pro- pose to give here a short review of those finds which are relevant to the study of Jewish history between 70 and 135 CE. The survey will include the state of publi- cation of texts from each find2. After that an attempt will be made to draw some interim, and necessarily tentative, conclusions about the contribution that this fairly recent addition to the body of our evidence can make to the study of differ- ent aspects of Jewish history between 70 and 135 CE. This material can be divided into several groups: 1) The first documents came from the caves of Wadi Murabba'at in 1952. They were published without much delay in 19613. The collection consists of docu- ments written in Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Arabic, and contains, among 1 For a complete list till the Arab conquest see Hannah M. Cotton, Walter Cockle, Fergus Millar, The Papyrology of the Roman Near East: A Survey, in: JRS 85 (1995) 214-235, hence- forth Cotton, Cockle, Millar, Survey. A much shorter survey, restricted to the finds from the Judaean Desert, can be found in Hannah M. Cotton, s.v. Documentary Texts, in: Encyclo- pedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, eds. -
Directions to Biblical Tamar Park
Directions to Biblical Tamar Park Address Biblical Tamar Park Ir Ovot D. N. Arava 86805 ISRAEL Supervisor’s phone 052-426-0266 Directions to BTP by Train and Bus from Ben Gurion Airport After exiting customs at Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv, you will be on the ground level. Take a left after you pass through the people waiting to pick up other passengers. (Take a right to exchange some money if you need to do that first. You can also rent cell phones in this area.) After taking the left, follow the signs to the train station. You will take a right at airport exit #3. Go through the doors and down the hallway. Off to your left, you will see the turnstiles for the train. Walk through that opening in the hallway, before the turnstiles, off to your left is the ticket window. Go to the ticket window and ask for a ticket to Beersheva Central. (Note: If the train is not running for some unknown reason, you will have to take the bus instead. Have someone direct you to the bus stop and take the bus to the Central Bus Station, where you can get a ticket to Tamar like you would at Beersheva.) The train ticket price should be around 32 shekels. You have to change trains once, and they may mention this to you when you buy the ticket. Just tell them you know you have to change trains. Then, proceed to the turnstiles just before the stairs or escalator. You need to put your train ticket through a machine to activate the turnstile.