Toward a Renewed Ethic of Jewish Philanthropy Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 1 4/12/10 3:25 PM Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 2 4/12/10 3:25 PM Toward a Renewed Ethic of Jewish Philanthropy EDITED BY Yossi Prager Robert S. Hirt, Series Editor the michael scharf publication trust of the yeshiva university press new york Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 3 4/12/10 3:25 PM Copyright © 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Orthodox Forum (19th : 2008 : New York, N.Y.) Toward a renewed ethic of Jewish philanthropy / edited by Yossi Prager. p. cm. -- (Orthodox Forum series) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60280-137-0 1. Charity. 2. Orthodox Judaism. 3. Charity--History. 4. Generosity--Religious aspects--Judaism. 5. Jews--United States--Charities. 6. Jewish law. 7. Jewish ethics. I. Prager, Yossi. II. Title. BJ1286.C5O63 2010 296.3’677--dc22 2010010016 Distributed by KTAV Publishing House, Inc. 930 Newark Avenue Jersey City, NJ 07306 Tel. (201) 963-9524 Fax. (201) 963-0102 www.ktav.com [email protected] Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 4 4/12/10 3:25 PM Contents Contributors ix Series Editor’s Preface xiii Robert S. Hirt Editor’s Introduction xv Yossi Prager part 1 Sociology and History 1. Philanthropic Behavior of Orthodox Households 3 Jacob B. Ukeles 2. For the Poor and the Stranger: Fundraisers’ Perspectives on 31 Orthodox Philanthropy Margy-Ruth Davis and Perry Davis 3. American Jewish Philanthropy, Direct Giving, and the Unity 53 of the Jewish Community Chaim I. Waxman 4. Public Charity in Medieval Germany: 79 A Preliminary Investigation Judah Galinsky 5. Jewish Philanthropy in Early Modern and Modern Europe: 93 Theory and Practice in Historical Perspective Jay Berkovitz part 2 Orthodoxy and Federations 6. Bound with Unseverable Bonds: The Orthodox Jew And the Jewish Community 125 Barry Shrage Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 5 4/12/10 3:25 PM 7. Orthodox Involvement in Jewish Communal Philanthropy 139 Marvin Schick 8. Orthodoxy and Jewish Federations: Reflections from “Out-of-Town” 157 Michael Berger part 3 Halachic Perspectives 9. Jewish Philanthropy—Whither? 193 Aharon Lichtenstein 10. Our Poor and Their Poor: Philosophical Reflections 221 Baruch Brody 11. The Giving of Charity in Jewish Law: For What Purpose and Toward What Goal? 241 Michael J. Broyde 12. Think Local, Act Global: Tzedaka in a Global Society 275 Ozer Glickman 13. Ethics in Philanthropy: Should Synagogues and Mosdot Chinuch Accept Tainted Funds? 291 Kenneth Brander part 4 Contemporary Philanthropy 14. New Thinking for a Changing Philanthropic Climate 309 Mark Charendoff and Yossi Prager part 5 The Role of Rabbi As Fundraiser 15. The Role of the Rabbi in the Fiscal Health of His Congregation 321 Haskel Lookstein Orthodox Forum Nineteenth Conference 335 List of Participants Index 339 Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 6 4/12/10 3:25 PM Other VOlumes in the OrthOdOx FOrum series Rabbinic Authority and Personal Autonomy edited by Moshe Z. Sokol Jewish Tradition and the Non-Traditional Jew edited by Jacob J. Schacter Israel as a Religious Reality edited by Chaim I. Waxman Modern Scholarship in the Study of Torah: Contributions and Limitations edited by Shalom Carmy Tikkun Olam: Social Responsibility in Jewish Thought and Law edited by David Shatz, Chaim I. Waxman, and Nathan J. Diament Engaging Modernity: Rabbinic Leaders and the Challenge of the Twentieth Century edited by Moshe Z. Sokol Jewish Perspectives on the Experience of Suffering edited by Shalom Carmy Jewish Business Ethics: The Firm and Its Stakeholders edited by Aaron Levine and Moses Pava Tolerance, Dissent, and Democracy: Philosophical, Historical, and Halakhic Perspectives edited by Moshe Z. Sokol Jewish Spirituality and Divine Law edited by Adam Mintz and Lawrence Schiffman Formulating Responses in an Egalitarian Age edited by Marc D. Stern Judaism, Science, and Moral Responsibility edited by Yitzhak Berger and David Shatz The Conceptual Approach to Jewish Learning :למדות edited by Yosef Blau Rabbinic and Lay Communal Authority edited by Suzanne Last Stone War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition edited by Lawrence Schiffman and Joel B. Wolowelsky Gender Relationships in Marriage and Out edited by Rivkah Blau Yirat Shamayim: The Awe, Reverence, and Fear of God edited by Marc D. Stern Religious Zionism Post Engagement: Future Directions edited by Chaim I. Waxman Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 7 4/12/10 3:25 PM Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 8 4/12/10 3:25 PM Contributors Dr. Michael S. Berger is Associate Professor of Jewish Studies in Emo- ry University’s Department of Religion, and a program officer at The AVI CHAI Foundation. He has authored the book Rabbinic Authority (Oxford University Press), and brought to publication Rabbi Soloveitchik’s The Emergence of Ethical Man. In 2004, he took a two-year leave of absence from Emory and assumed the position of head of school at Yeshiva Atlanta High School, a mod- ern Orthodox institution. Dr. Jay R. Berkovitz is Professor of Judaic and Near Eastern Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is the author of two recent books, Rites and Passages: The Beginnings of Modern Jewish Culture in France, 1650–1860 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), and an expanded Hebrew edition, Masoret u-Mahapekha: Tarbut Yehudit be-Tzarfat be-Reshit ha-Et ha-Hadasha (Mercaz Zalman Shazar, 2007). Professor Berkovitz has published widely on Jewish social and intellectual history in modern Europe, with particular emphasis on communal governance, family, law, ritual, and rabbinic scholarship. Rabbi Kenneth Brander is the David Mitzner Dean of Yeshiva Uni- versity Center for the Jewish Future. He is Rabbi Emeritus of the Boca Raton Synagogue, and founding dean of the Weinbaum Ye- shiva High School. In addition to his ordination from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, he received special ordina- tion from the Chief Rabbi of Israel in the field of medical ethics. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Florida Atlantic University, has received numerous awards for community service, and has authored many articles in scholarly journals. Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 9 4/12/10 3:25 PM x Contributors Dr. Baruch A. Brody is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Eth- ics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Pol- icy at Baylor College of Medicine. He is also the Andrew Mellow Professor of Humanities in the Department of Philosophy at Rice University. In 2002, he was appointed Distinguished Service Pro- fessor at Baylor, the college’s highest faculty honor, and was also awarded the Michael E. DeBakey Award for outstanding research. He has been at Rice University since 1975 and at Baylor College of Medicine since 1982. Dr. Brody is the author and editor of 25 volumes and 150 articles and chapters. Rabbi Michael J. Broyde is Professor of Law at Emory University, of the Young Israel in Atlanta, and is a member of the Beth Din of America. He writes on matters of Jewish law and is a fellow of the Center for the Study of Law and Religion at Emory. Mr. Mark Charendoff is the President of the Jewish Funders Network. He is the former Vice President of the Andrea and Charles Bron- fman Philanthropies, where he helped to establish the Birthright Israel program. He is a recipient of the Reisman Award for Profes- sional Excellence from Brandeis University. Ms. Margy-Ruth Davis, Executive Vice-President and co-founder of Perry Davis Associates, formerly served as the Executive Director of the Institute for Jewish Experience and as Executive Director of the Greater New York Conference on Soviet Jewry. Ms. Davis was also Development Director at the Elaine Kaufman Cultural Cen- ter, where she established the Development Department, created an ongoing program of foundation support and corporate mem- bership, and oversaw all aspects of board and donor relations. Dr. Perry Davis, President of Perry Davis Associates (PDA), has served in key positions in government, education, and the private sector. PDA supports the work of nonprofit organizations of all types and in all corners of the world. The company was founded in 1986 and focuses on fundraising support. Dr. Judah Galinsky is a lecturer in the Talmud department at Bar-Ilan University. His main area of specialization is medieval halakhic literature. He has published various studies pertaining to French and Spanish works of halakha from the 13th and 14th centuries, Toward a Renewed Ethic.indb 10 4/12/10 3:25 PM Contributors xi such as the Semag, Tur and Piskei ha-Rosh. His most recent study is “On Popular Halakhic Literature and the Emergence of a Read- ing Audience in 14th Century Spain.” In addition Dr. Galinsky has researched various topics relating to charity as practiced by Jews in medieval Europe. An example of his work in this field is his study “Jewish Charitable Bequests and the Hekdesh Trust in 13th Century Spain”. Rabbi Ozer Glickman is a Rosh Yeshiva in the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary and Senior Resident Rabbinic Scholar at the Yeshiva University Center for Jewish Law and Contemporary Civilization at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law where he is Adjunct Professor of Law. Rabbi Glickman received a BA (Philosophy) from Columbia University and an MBA (Finance) from New York University. He has pursued graduate study in phi- losophy of religion at Columbia University and the University of Toronto. Rabbi Robert S. Hirt (Series Editor of The Orthodox Forum Publi- cations), is Vice President Emeritus of the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, an affiliate of Yeshiva University, and oc- cupies the Rabbi Sidney Shoham Chair in Rabbinic and Com- munity Leadership at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. Rabbi Hirt co-edited Shimon Huberband’s critically acclaimed book on the Holocaust, Kiddush Hashem: Jewish Re- ligious and Cultural Life in Poland During the Holocaust, and has contributed to Tradition: The Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought, and other publications.