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Evaluasi Plasma Nutfah Rusa Totol (Axis Axis) Di Halaman Istana Bogor

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Evaluasi Plasma Nutfah Rusa Totol (Axis axis) di Halaman Istana Bogor R. Garsetiasih1 dan Nina Herlina2 1Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, Bogor 2Sekretariat Jenderal Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta ABSTRACT secara berurutan adalah A. compressus, C. aciculatus, dan Z. matrella. The experiment was done to evaluate the supporting capacity Kata kunci: Rusa totol, daya dukung, halaman Istana Bogor, of Bogor Palace yard on the population of deer (Axis axis), and produktivitas. conducted in September to October 2001. Observation of vege- tation was done through vegetation analysis to evaluate the vegetation composition, productivity, and palatability of grass. PENDAHULUAN Vegetation analysis of grass used sistematic sample plot 1 x 1 m, first plot determined with purposive random sampling. The Satwa liar merupakan komponen ekosistem result showed that the domination of grass respectively by Axonopus compressus, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Zoysia ma- yang berperan dalam memelihara keberlangsungan trella, Kyllinga monochepala, Euleusin indica, and Centella siklus energi. Kemusnahan suatu jenis (flora/fauna) asiatica. Productivity of grass in Bogor Palace yard was 36,13 akan berdampak terhadap keseimbangan ekosistem, kg/ha/day in fresh weight or 12,94 kg/ha/day in dry weight. yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi komponen Based in the grass productivity carrying capacity of deer in ekosistem lainnya, karena elemen-elemen pemben- Bogor Palace yard are 169 individu until 286 individu or 8-13 individu per ha. Finally grass palatability respectively A. com- tuk sistem selalu berinteraksi dengan lingkungan- pressus, C. aciculatus, and Z. matrella. nya. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk melin- dungi dan sekaligus memanfaatkan satwa liar terse- Key words: Axis axis, carrying capacity, Bogor Palace yard, productivity. but. Salah satu jenis satwa liar yang berpotensi adalah rusa totol (Axis axis). Pemanfaatan rusa ter- sebut terutama daging, tanduk, dan kulitnya. ABSTRAK Pengelola Istana Bogor memelihara rusa totol Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya dukung halam- dengan maksud untuk memperindah halaman an Istana Bogor terhadap populasi rusa totol (Axis axis), yang istana, rusa totol tersebut bukan rusa asli Indonesia, dilakukan pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2001. Para- melainkan dari India dan didatangkan ke Indonesia meter yang diamati/diukur adalah komposisi vegetasi, produk- oleh Pemerintah Inggris pada tahun 1811. Jumlah tivitas rumput, palatabilitas, dan nilai gizi rumput serta daya awal rusa totol di halaman Istana Bogor adalah dukung bagi rusa. Pengamatan vegetasi dilakukan melalui ana- lisis vegetasi untuk mengetahui komposisi vegetasi, produkti- enam pasang dan berfungsi sebagai sarana keindah- vitas, dan palatabilitas rumput. Analisis vegetasi tumbuhan ba- an istana (Trubus 1996). wah dilakukan pada petak contoh ukuran 1 x 1 m. Penetapan Karena perkembangbiakan rusa totol di Istana petak pertama dilakukan secara purposive random sampling. Bogor sangat pesat, maka pengelola istana melaku- Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tumbuhan bawah di ha- kan penyaluran rusa tersebut ke berbagai penang- laman Istana Bogor didominasi secara berturut-turut oleh Axonopus compressus (rumput pait), Chrysopogon aciculatus karan seperti kebun binatang, instansi pemerintah (dom-doman), Zoysia matrella (rumput raja), Kyllinga mono- maupun badan swasta lainnya yang berniat menang- chepala (rumput teki), Euleusin indica (rumput jampang), dan karkannya. Hal ini dilakukan karena untuk meng- Centella asiatica (antanan). Produktivitas hijauan rumput di hindari terjadinya kelebihan populasi yang akan halaman Istana Bogor adalah 36,13 kg/ha/hari bobot segar atau berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan rusa, baik 12,94 kg/ha/hari bobot kering. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan produktivitas rumput tersebut diketahui bahwa daya dukung fisik maupun genetik. halaman Istana Bogor berkisar antara 169-286 ekor atau 8-13 Dari hasil penelitian Fajri (2000) diketahui ekor/ha. Hasil pengamatan terhadap palatabilitas rumput me- bahwa pertumbuhan populasi rusa totol di halaman nunjukkan bahwa rumput yang paling disukai oleh rusa totol Istana Bogor mengalami peningkatan. Rata-rata 34 Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol.11 No.1 Th.2005 pertumbuhan populasi tahun 1991/92 sampai 1999/ X = jumlah petak contoh ditemukannya suatu 2000 adalah 59 ekor per tahun (105%) dengan pe- jenis yang mengandung gigitan rusa ningkatan kepadatan populasi 2,95 ekor/ha. Dengan Y = jumlah seluruh petak contoh ditemukannya makin bertambahnya populasi rusa totol di halaman jenis tersebut Istana Bogor yang tidak diimbangi oleh peningkat- Daya dukung halaman Istana Bogor dihitung an kuantitas dan kualitas habitatnya, maka dimung- dengan menggunakan rumus (Susetyo 1980): kinkan sudah terjadi kelebihan populasi dari rusa P X p.u X A Daya dukung = yang ada di Istana Bogor tersebut. C Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka pe- di mana: nelitian mengenai daya dukung halaman Istana P = produktivitas hijauan (kg/ha/hari) Bogor terhadap rusa perlu dilakukan dalam rangka p.u = 0,70 pengelolaan dan pengembangan di masa yang akan datang. A = luas permukaan yang ditumbuhi rumput (ha) C = kebutuhan makan rusa (kg/ekor/hari) BAHAN DAN METODE Kebutuhan makan rusa totol per hari diguna- kan data kebutuhan pakan sebanyak 3 kg/hari Penelitian dilakukan di halaman Istana Bogor (Ikawidjaya 1987). selama 2 bulan, mulai 3 September sampai 31 Kepadatan populasi dihitung dengan meng- Oktober 2001. Obyek yang dijadikan bahan peneli- gunakan rumus (Fitriyanti 1998): Jumlah populasi rusa terhitung tian adalah populasi rusa totol dan habitatnya di Kepadatan populasi = halaman Istana Bogor. Luas areal padang rumput Parameter yang diukur meliputi aspek vege- tasi, produktivitas rumput, daya dukung, palatabili- HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN tas, dan nilai gizi pakan rusa. Untuk mengetahui komposisi vegetasi tumbuhan bawah dilakukan ana- Deskripsi Lokasi Penelitian lisis vegetasi dengan petak contoh berukuran 1 x 1 m (Alikodra 1979). Penetapan petak pertama dila- Istana Bogor terletak di tengah Kota Bogor, kukan secara purposive random sampling, dengan pada posisi antara 160° 43′ BT, 106° 51′ LS sampai jumlah petak 20 jarak antarpetak 10 m. dengan 6° 40′ LS. Istana Bogor berada pada keting- Produktivitas hijauan rumput diketahui de- gian 260 m dari permukaan laut, dengan luas areal ngan cara pemotongan dan penimbangan rumput 28 ha, sisanya berupa bangunan istana, jalan, dan pada petak yang dipagar. Interval waktu pemotong- taman berpagar. Curah hujan selama penelitian an selama 20 hari dengan dua kali ulangan (pemo- adalah 512,5 mm dengan jumlah hari hujan seba- tongan). Untuk mengetahui tingkat palatabilitas pa- nyak 13 hari diperoleh dari hasil komunikasi Badan kan, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap bekas gigitan Meteorologi dan Geofisika. rusa pada rumput dalam 20 petak contoh pengamat- Di halaman Istana Bogor terdapat berbagai an, selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan sampel rum- jenis pohon dan rumput yang ditanam sejak zaman put untuk dianalisis kandungan gizinya. Data vege- Belanda dan berfungsi sebagai sarana keindahan. tasi dianalisis dengan indeks nilai penting (INP) = Pohon tersebut juga berfungsi sebagai naungan bagi KR + DR + FR (Alikodra 1990). Nilai palatabilitas rusa. Jenis pohon yang mendominasi Istana Bogor, suatu jenis pakan ditentukan dengan menggunakan adalah beringin (Ficus benjamina), mahagoni rumus (Garsetiasih 1990): (Swietenia mahagoni), dan cengkeh (Syzygium X aromaticum). P = Y Vegetasi Tumbuhan Bawah di mana: P = palatabilitas dari suatu jenis hijauan Dari hasil analisis terhadap vegetasi tumbuh- an bawah diketahui bahwa halaman Istana Bogor Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol.11 No.1 Th.2005 35 didominasi oleh rumput pait (Axonopus com- 20,54 kg/ha/hari bobot kering untuk pemotongan pressus) diikuti secara berturut-turut oleh dom- kedua. Peningkatan produktivitas hijauan pakan pa- doman (Chrysopogon aciculatus), rumput raja (Zoy- da pemotongan kedua dimungkinkan oleh adanya sia matrella), teki (Kyllinga monochepala), rumput pemotongan yang dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan jampang (Euleusin indica), dan antanan (Centella rumput. Secara lengkap produksi pakan rusa di ha- asiatica). Hasil analisis vegetasi tumbuh-an bawah laman Istana Bogor dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 1. dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1. Jumlah hijauan yang tersedia akan mempe- Axonopus compressus merupakan spesies ngaruhi daya dukung rusa di halaman Istana Bogor. yang lebih dominan. Hal ini disebabkan karena spe- Populasi yang berlebihan akan mengakibatkan sies tersebut memiliki nilai kerapatan relatif lebih hijauan yang dimakan terbatas, sehingga tidak dapat tinggi atau jumlah individu per satuan luas areal le- memenuhi kebutuhan hidup optimal rusa. bih banyak dari jenis lainnya. Chrysopogon acicu- Berdasarkan perhitungan produktivitas hijau- latus mempunyai keparatan yang relatif hampir an pakan di atas maka daya dukung halaman Istana sama dengan Z. matrella. Bogor untuk menampung rusa totol berkisar antara 169-286 ekor atau 8-13 ekor/ha. Berdasarkan hasil Produktivitas Rumput dan Daya Dukung penelitian Susetyo (1980) yang menghubungkan an- tara curah hujan, interval pemotongan dan produksi Daya dukung halaman Istana Bogor untuk hijauan menyatakan bahwa interval pemotongan 20 menampung rusa totol bergantung pada jumlah hari produksi menjadi bertambah dengan mening- hijauan yang tersedia. Produksi rumput di halaman katnya curah hujan. Istana Bogor dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2. Populasi yang melebihi daya dukung meng- Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan
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    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-1S, May 2019 The Hybrid Aesthetics of the Malay Vernacular: Reinventing Classifications through the Classicality of South East Asia’s Palatial Forms Shireen Jahn Kassim ( PhD), Noorhanita Abdul Majid ( PhD), Harlina Mohd Shariff ( PhD), and Tengku Anis Qarihah construction capabilities. In South East Asian architectural Abstract: The paper attempts to re-enact the framework of the historiographies, stylistic evolvements dichotomise between ‘vernacular’ of Malay architecture while extending the the ‘indigenous’ and the ‘modern’ . Yet there is another face classifications of its vernacular to include a Classical style ; of the ‘vernacular’ which is less mapped but representing the defined as monumental vernacular expressions representing gradual stylistic changes and ‘hybrid’ constructions throughout degree of aesthetic tastes and predispositions of the local the early modernisation period of Malay history which coincides populations. Historians and ethnograsphers have also with its evolvement during the Colonial era. During this era, both remarked a certain silence in the historiographies on the structural, constructional and ornamental skills absorbed aristocrats of 1800s and early 1900s in once-colonised external influences without compromising its vernacular nations such as Malaysia. Yet during this era, it is the principles. Based on a group of case studies of palatial forms – modernization of these leaders of the community which i.e. palaces and aristocratic houses - from the late 19th and early 20th century, Gottfried Semper’s’ anthropological definitions of brought about stylistic trends within the region but expressed the essence of the vernacular is used to categorise combinations within the palatial-monumental typologies of their vernacular of masonry and timber IN these cases, seen as a manifestation architecture .
  • The Architecture in Comparison with Tugu Nasional 国家オベリスクと比較した建築

    The Architecture in Comparison with Tugu Nasional 国家オベリスクと比較した建築

    日本建築学会技術報告集 第 25 巻 第 60 号，977-982，2019 年 6 月 AIJ J. Technol. Des. Vol. 25, No.60, 977-982, Jun., 2019 DOI https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.977 国家オベリスクと比較した建築 THE ARCHITECTURE IN −ニューヨーク国際博覧会（1964）に COMPARISONTHE ARCHITECTURE WITH TUGU IN COMPAR NASIONALISON 国家オベリスクと比較した建築 −WITHIndonesian TUGU Pavilion NASIONAL in 1964 New York World’s おけるインドネシア館 その 2 − Fair Part 2 − ―ニューヨーク国際博覧会(1964)におけ --Indonesian Pavilion in 1964 New York るインドネシア館 その 2― World’s Fair Part 2-- Harry KURNIAWANーーーー ＊ 1 ハリー クルニアワンーー＊ 1 Keywords: Indonesian pavilion in 1964 New York World Fair and Tugu Nasional Harry KURNIAWAN ＊1, 2 ハリー クルニアワン － ＊ Indonesian Pavilion, Tugu Nasional, Monument, Architecture, (National Obelisk) were built in the same period of Nation-Building NationalismKeywords: ProjectsIndonesian through pavilion the insame 1964 collaboration New York Worldwork ofFair President and Tugu Sukarno Nasional (as Indonesian Pavilion, Tugu Nasional, monument, architecture, nationalism the(National patron) Obelisk) and Soedarsono were built (as inthe the architect). same period Both buildingsof Nation displayed-Building several similarities as the result of the nature of Sukarno and Soedarsono キーワード： Projects through the same collaboration work of President Sukarno (as キーワード： workthe patron method.) and The Soedarsono purpose of(as the the study, architect) through. Both the buildings comparison, displayed is to インドネシア館，国家オベリスク，記念碑，建築，ナショナリズム インドネシア館、国家オベリスク、記念碑、建築、ナショナリズム getseveral further similarities description as the about result the of thearchitecture nature of Sukarnoof Indonesian and Soedarsono pavilion. Itwork is identified method. The that purpose Indonesian of the study,Pavilion through was an the identical comparison, twin isof toTugu get Nasionalfurther description that created about to live the in architectureand for different of Indonesian environment.
  • The Economic Recovery Strategy for the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

    The Economic Recovery Strategy for the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

    IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) e-ISSN: 2321-5933, p-ISSN: 2321-5925. Volume 12, Issue 2 Ser. V (Mar. –Apr. 2021), PP 36-43 www.iosrjournals.org The Economic Recovery Strategy For The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia Hanri Jan Piter1, Guntur Eko Saputro2 Defence Ecomomics Indonesia, Defenese University Indonesia Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Citereup, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16810 Abstract The crisis that arose from the Covid-19 Pandemic has caused many dismissal, unemployment increases, There are very few micro businesses, even some entrepreneurs have gone bankrupt. The government has announced that the 2020 economic recession is the worst economic crisis in history. The author considers it important to make scientific work as a strategy for economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic. The author uses a descriptive qualitative method with a field case study approach. Researchers used strategy theory according to Andrew J Good Paster which was divided into three parts, the first “end” namely the government aims at post- pandemic economic recovery to improve people's welfare, reduce the increase dismissal, and the addition of covid-19 casualties. The second “way The government needs to issue a policy of financial stimulus and social assistance that can be directly felt in people's lives during the Covid-19 pandemic. The third ”mean” The government optimizes its resources by recruiting volunteers as personnel assistance and improving health infrastructure, such as isolation rooms, laboratories, pharmacy, health personnel so that handling can be faster, as well as providing free vaccination injections to the entire community. Keywords: Economic Recovery, Covid-19, Strategy, Financial Stimulus --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 15-04-2021 Date of Acceptance: 29-04-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I.
  • Download This PDF File

    Download This PDF File

    Indonesian Journal of Conservation Volume 07 (02), Tahun 2018 Indonesian Journal of Conservation http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/ijc IDENTIFYING COLONIAL LANDSCAPE STYLES IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN THROUGH VISITORS’ GEO-TAGGED PHOTOS Akhmad Arifin Hadi1, Yusuke Mizuuchi2, Tsuyoshi Honjo3, Katsunori Furuya 4 1 Landscape Architecture Department, Bogor Agricultural University. 2 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan 3,4 Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Japan Corresponding author : [email protected]* Info Artikel Abstract Diterima September 2018 The landscape of Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) is influenced by Disetujui different eras, particularly Dutch Colonial and post-war Indonesia. Oktober 2018 The research investigates visitors’ perceptions related to Dipublikasikan Desember 2018 landscape of BBG based on visitors’ on-site experiences. The research involved 94 research participants, include local tourists Keywords and landscape architecture students. They were asked to take heritage; colonial; photo of landscape or elements they deemed colonial look Indonesia; landscape style using their own camera and send them online to landscape; photo; researcher by social media. Each respondent were handed a GPS logger to record the capture locations of each photo. The results revealed that the most photos of colonial look landscape style were consist of buildings and hardscapes as focused objects, where Presidential Palace and Lady Raffles monument were buildings that mostly appear in photos. The photos’ captured locations were also concentrated to those buildings indicated that landscape surround those buildings had strong characteristics of colonial landscape style. The study also showed the effectiveness of inviting participants with educational background in landscape architecture than normal visitors to show perception of colonial look landscape on BBG site.