Influência Do Uso De Trens De Caixa Móvel Na Implantação E Operação De Novas Ferrovias

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Influência Do Uso De Trens De Caixa Móvel Na Implantação E Operação De Novas Ferrovias FELIPE RABAY LUCAS Influência do uso de trens de caixa móvel na implantação e operação de novas ferrovias São Paulo 2014 FELIPE RABAY LUCAS Influência do uso de trens de caixa móvel na implantação e operação de novas ferrovias Dissertação apresentada à Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia. São Paulo 2014 FELIPE RABAY LUCAS Influência do uso de trens de caixa móvel na implantação e operação de novas ferrovias Dissertação apresentada à Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia. Área de concentração: Engenharia de Transportes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Felipe Issa Kabbach Junior São Paulo 2014 Catalogação-na-publicação Lucas, Felipe Rabay Influência do uso de trens de caixa móvel na implantação e operações de novas ferrovias / F.R. Lucas. -- São Paulo, 2014. 293 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes. 1.Ferrovias 2.Material rodante I. Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Politécnica. Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes II.t. Dedico este trabalho à minha namorada Cristina, à minha família, aos meus amigos e aos meus colegas de profissão. E o dedico também a todos aqueles que constroem todos os dias, sejam coisas materiais ou não. AGRADECIMENTOS A todos aqueles que compartilham do fascínio pelo conhecimento, da vontade de mudar o mundo e do interesse em melhorar a vida das pessoas, seja por qualquer meio. Ao Eng. Marcelo Missato, ao Eng. Ruy Grieco, ao Eng. Luis Russo e outros colegas profissionais, pelas informações e materiais transmitidos, sem os quais este trabalho não poderia ter sido realizado. Ao Eng. Alberto dos Santos e ao Eng. Fabio Troccoli, coordenadores respectivamente dos departamentos de ferrovias e geometria na Planservi Engenharia, pelos ensinamentos e suporte durante a realização desta dissertação. À diretoria da Planservi Engenharia e à empresa como um todo, pelo suporte fornecido durante toda minha pós-graduação e por todo o aprendizado obtido nos últimos seis anos. Aos meus caros colegas das equipes de geometria e ferrovias, Lina, Bruno, Deryon e tantos outros que por elas passaram, pelo trabalho conjunto, pelas conversas interessantes e pelos momentos de descontração. À Escola Politécnica da USP e seus professores, pelos ensinamentos transmitidos, pelo suporte e pelo material fornecido por meio de sua infraestrutura. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Felipe Issa Kabbach Jr., pela paciência, ajuda, informações transmitidas e principalmente pelas conversas muito interessantes acerca da engenharia ferroviária. Aos meus sogros e cunhada, por terem me acolhido com carinho em suas famílias, pelos incentivos e pela boa estima, que certamente é recíproca. Aos meus caros amigos, João, Thomás, Danilo, Leonardo, Patrícia e a tantos outros que vejo com menor frequência, mas não com menor apreço, agradeço pela paciência e compreensão nesse período de maior ausência, assim como pela valorosa amizade e pelos inúmeros momentos de descontração. Ao meu irmão, Eng. Leandro, pela honra e pelo exemplo de perseverança. À minha avó, Mafalda, por todo o carinho e dedicação empregados durante minha vida. Ao meu pai, Eng. José, por toda a proteção, pelos ensinamentos e por desde minha infância ter compartilhado de seu apreço pela engenharia e pelos trens, que culminou em que eu seguisse este caminho profissionalmente. À minha mãe, Mirian, pela imensurável dedicação, carinho e incentivos em toda a minha criação e na minha educação, sem os quais certamente eu não teria podido atingir meus objetivos de vida. Grande parte deste trabalho é graças a você. E finalmente, à minha companheira, amiga, colega profissional e namorada, Cristina, por todo o amor, carinho, apoio, compreensão, paciência, entusiasmo e incentivos dados ao longo dessa jornada nos últimos dois anos. Assim como só há a ferrovia com um trilho e o outro lado a lado, só há sentido para este trabalho conosco também assim, lado a lado. A voz do intelecto é suave, mas não descansa enquanto não consegue uma audiência. Finalmente, após uma incontável sucessão de reveses, obtém êxito. Esse é um dos poucos pontos sobre o qual se pode ser otimista a respeito do futuro da humanidade. Sigmund Freud RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo primário abordar os atuais conhecimentos sobre o transporte ferroviário interurbano e regional de passageiros, com foco na tecnologia dos trens de caixa móvel, também conhecidos como trens pendulares. Como objetivo secundário busca-se analisar a influência dos trens de caixa móvel ou pendulares na implantação e operação de novas ferrovias, com ênfase na adequação em fase de projeto, mostrando-se o potencial dessa tecnologia para o aumento da velocidade média e a redução dos tempos de viagem. São tratados os tópicos relevantes para o transporte ferroviário de passageiros, como o conforto do usuário, as especificações técnicas do material rodante e referências dos custos de implantação e operação envolvidos, mostrando-se também dentro de cada aspecto as diferenças dos trens pendulares em relação aos trens convencionais. Três estudos de caso elaborados terão como objetivo explicitar as interveniências da operação dos trens pendulares com o projeto ferroviário, em especial com o projeto geométrico, e através de simulações de marcha e comparações, mostrar de maneira prática o potencial do uso dos trens pendulares. Através do embasamento teórico e dos estudos de caso, é feita uma análise crítica de modo a possibilitar tanto um entendimento do transporte ferroviário de passageiros, quanto do material rodante de caixa móvel e suas possibilidades. Os resultados dos estudos de caso e a análise crítica mostram uma redução significativa dos tempos de viagem, entre 8,1 e 20,0%, mediante a operação de trens pendulares em substituição ao material rodante convencional. Palavras-Chave: Projeto geométrico de ferrovias. Trem de passageiros. Trem regional. Trem pendular. Trem de caixa móvel. ABSTRACT As a primary objective, the present work aims to summarize the current knowledge on intercity and regional passenger railway transportation, focusing on tilting train technology, also known as car body tilt. As a secondary objective, the present work seeks to analyze the influence of tilting train technology on the design, implementation and operation of new railway corridors, with emphasis on design phase, showing the potential of this technology to increase speeds and reduce travel times. Railway passenger transportation issues, such as passenger comfort, rolling stock technical specifications and implementation and operational costs are addressed. Additionally, different aspects between conventional and tilting trains are also discussed. Three case studies help clarify the correlation between tilting train operation and railway design, especially the geometric design; further, with the help of speed simulations and comparisons, the potential use of tilting train operations are demonstrated. With the theoretical basis and the case studies, a critical analysis is made, allowing as a better understanding of railway passenger transportation with regards to the use of tilting rolling stock and its possibilities. The results of the case studies and the critical analysis present a considerable reduction in travel times, between 8,1 and 20,0%, with the operation of tilting trains in the place of the conventional rolling stock. Keywords: Railway geometric design. Passenger train. Regional train. Tilting train. Car body tilt. LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABIFER Associação Brasileira da Indústria Ferroviária Association Européenne pour l'Interopérabilité Ferroviaire - Associação AEIF Europeia para a Interoperabilidade Ferroviária ANTT Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres APT Advanced Passenger Train ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Emission and Reflection Radiometer CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation - Comitê Europeu de Normalização CPTM Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos DB Deutsche Bahn - Ferrovia estatal alemã DER-SP Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem de São Paulo DMU Diesel Multiple Unit - Unidade Múltipla Diesel ETR Elettrotreni Rapidi FACT Fast And Comfortable Trains GDEM Global Digital Elevation Model - Modelo Digital Global de Elevações MDT Modelo Digital do Terreno RD Ruedas Desplazables - Rodas deslocáveis RMS Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba RMSP Região Metropolitana de São Paulo SNCF Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français TAV Trem de Alta Velocidade TGV Train à Grande Vitesse - Trem de Alta Velocidade (francês) TPU Tabela de Preços Unitários Technical Specification of Interoperability - Especificação Técnica de TSI Interoperabilidade UIC Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer - International Union of Railways VFRGS Viação Férrea do Rio Grande do Sul LISTA DE EQUAÇÕES Equação 4.1 – Equilíbrio do veículo em curva horizontal (AASHTO, 2004) ......................... 48 Equação 4.2 – Raio mínimo de curva horizontal numa rodovia (AASHTO, 2004) ................ 48 Equação 4.3 – Superelevação d segundo o critério do conforto (PORTO e KABBACH JUNIOR, 2002) .................................................................................................................... 53 Equação 4.4 – Aceleração lateral não compensada no plano do passageiro – Bitola normal (SCHRAMM, 1974) .............................................................................................................. 55 Equação
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