Military expenditure by country, in local , 1988-2020 (see below for 1999-2020) © SIPRI 2021 Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion. All figures are expressed in terms of the current currency. In cases where there has been and multiple of currency, this can mean that figures for earlier years may be only a fraction of a present-day currency unit. Financial years are always treated as starting in the specified year. For example for countries with an FY of October-September, FY1974 means October 1974-September 1975. Figures in blue are SIPRI estimates. Figures in red indicate highly uncertain data. ". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Africa North Africa Algeria b. 1 6.1 6.5 8.1 10.4 23 29.8 46.8 58.8 79.5 101.1 112.2 Libya m. dinars ‡ ¶ 2 ...... 577 675 Morocco m. dirhams 3 7530 8408 8817 9999 10489 11640 12564 18420 12946 13748 14008 Tunisia m. dinars 199.8 222.2 217.7 240.8 256.2 277.2 300.5 324.3 386.9 396.1 416.6 Sub-Saharan Angola th/m. kwanzas ǁ 4 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.2 4.7 35.4 643.1 20452 104621 66889 Benin b. CFA francs 11 9.1 8.935 ...... Botswana m. pula 181.5 215.7 315.7 359.1 381.0 472.9 452.5 462.3 468.9 625 811.8 Burkina Faso b. CFA francs † 17.0 21.3 23.0 19.6 18.8 17.1 16.8 18.4 19 22.5 23.3 Burundi b. francs ‡ 4.8 6.0 6.8 7.8 8.1 8.8 10.6 10.5 15.4 21.8 26.3 Cameroon b. CFA francs § 45.5 48.2 50.1 50.4 46.9 48.3 56.6 56.8 62.9 75.7 86.2 Cape Verde m. escudos 366 ...... 242 220 281 477 352 382 443 Central African Rep. m. CFA francs ‡ 5 ...... 6093 6137 5421 5935 6496 6239 . . . . Chad b. CFA francs 23.2 18 9.4 . . 9.4 11.1 12.3 10 12.7 9.7 9.5 Congo, Republic of m. CFA francs § ...... 33250 31000 ...... Congo, Dem. Rep. as is/mil. francs 6 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.3 184 11797 . . . . 44.8 110.1 42.8 Côte d’Ivoire b. CFA francs 7 38.2 41.4 39.2 40.7 41.5 42.1 46.7 . . 52.5 54.6 . . Djibouti m. francs 5520 5525 5530 5647 5976 5521 5458 5262 4359 4719 4746 Equatorial Guinea m. CFA francs ...... 1321 1721 ...... Eritrea m. nakfa ǁ 8 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 539.2 438.7 770.5 968.1 634.2 1936.2 Ethiopia m. birr 1494.4 1741.1 1509 681.2 750 888.5 736.7 771.6 834.8 2190 4336 Gabon b. CFA francs 9 ...... Gambia m. dalasis ‡ 10 17.9 23.4 31.2 38.6 23.7 22.9 21.5 33.6 21.7 42.6 43.1 Ghana m. cedis ǁ 11 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.8 2.7 3.6 5.9 7.3 9.3 13.3 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Guinea b. francs 12 ...... 54.1 50.2 42.0 44.8 . . . . 48.6 55.7 Guinea-Bissau m. CFA francs ǁ 13 . . 124 ...... 400 615 770 1061 1711 Kenya m. shillings 4021 5385 5910 4648 5406 6856 6297 9039 10472 10182 10580 Lesotho m. maloti 38.6 66.2 61.3 61.7 71.6 72.6 98.2 134 118 137 159 Liberia m. dollars 14 26.5 . . 28.3 21.7 23.6 37.3 41.3 ...... Madagascar b. ariary ǁ 15 9.3 9.7 11.3 12.7 8.6 14.5 16.9 23.2 40.2 53.5 54.9 Malawi m. kwacha 53.1 66.1 66.4 66.5 99.1 118 159 172 354 461 446 Mali b. CFA francs ¶ 14.3 14.7 14.2 . . . . 12.6 16.6 20.2 20.3 23.5 24.2 Mauritania b. ouguiyas ‡ 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.2 5.2 6.3 4.8 Mauritius m. rupees 73 120 153 176 180 200 226 242 224 189 217 Mozambique m. meticais ǁ 16 33.5 58.9 78.6 103 150 230 440 302 407 485 585 Namibia m. dollars 17 . . . . 513 362 353 188 207 261 294 416 443 Niger b. CFA francs ...... 9.7 9.2 8.9 10.1 13 Nigeria b. naira 18 1.2 1.3 2.2 2.4 3 6.4 7 14 15.4 17.9 25.2 Rwanda b. francs 19 2.8 3.3 8 13.2 11.9 12.9 5.7 14.8 22.6 23.3 27.2 Senegal b. CFA francs § ¶ 20 31.4 31.8 32.2 31.0 29.1 34.0 36.7 40.4 40.8 41.3 44.3 Seychelles m. rupees 65.4 73.6 79.2 87.6 105.0 67.1 60.1 55.2 52.4 57.3 55.5 Sierra Leone m. leones 21 293 861 1876 6846 13316 13244 15546 18898 17119 9315 . . Somalia m. ShillingsUS$ 22 49.5 8.6 ...... South Africa m. rand 10334 11179 11330 10488 10488 10683 12908 11620 10984 11171 10323 South Sudan m. pounds 23 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Sudan m. pounds ‡ ǁ 24 1.7 ...... 154 522 eSwatini m. lilangeni ‡ 25 20.8 23.6 41.2 45.2 64.7 81.8 94.9 108 116 119 150 Tanzania b. shillings 14.1 16.1 17.9 29.5 28.2 19.4 40.1 58.2 59.0 86.2 92.3 Togo b. CFA francs 12.8 13.4 13.8 13.0 13.0 14.2 14.1 15.4 ...... Uganda b. shillings 21.3 41.1 50.7 57.3 61.4 88.3 116 130 153 150 234 Zambia m. kwacha 0.7 2.3 4.2 5.6 16.8 23.1 42.1 47.8 45.7 57.0 . . Zimbabwe m. US dollars ǁ 26 407 410 423 330 263 237 259 267 317 459 . . Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Americas Central America and the Caribbean Belize m. dollars 8.3 8.8 9.8 9.4 11.0 12.7 16.8 15.9 16.0 19.7 . . Costa Rica m. colones 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cuba m. pesos 28 1350 1377 1380 1160 . . 300 ...... Dominican Rep. m.pesos 289 339 408 430 806 1217 1329 1148 1474 2149 2428 El Salvador m.US dollar 29 179 213 164 145 134 116 109 112 111 112 111 Guatemala m. quetzales 384 427 593 600 795 814 880 920 855 801 894 Haiti m. gourdes 30 10.0 11.6 14.0 16.5 17.3 22.4 24.6 41.7 ...... Honduras m. lempiras 31 264 276 276 252 . . 263 ...... Jamaica m. dollars 180 254 285 420 1305 1047 1161 1267 1646 2041 1641 Mexico m. pesos 2232 2839 3406 4404 5647 6614 8894 10031 14309 17294 20677 Nicaragua m. córdobas 32 . . . . 161 289 236 226 238 265 266 286 278 Panama m. balboas 33 103 102 73.1 78.6 78.8 95.2 101 96.6 101 118 104 Trinidad & Tobago m. Dollars ...... 116 138 161 ...... North America Canada m. dollars 12336 12854 13473 12830 13111 13293 13008 12457 11511 10831 11716 USA m. dollars 34 309661 321867 325129 299373 325034 316719 308084 295853 287961 293168 290996.1 South America Argentina m. pesos 35 2.4 61.0 1000 2726 3224 3365 3751 3801 3378 3339 3397 Bolivia m. bolivianos 36 218 274 435 514 552 469 622 676 746 947 1260 Brazil m. reais 0.001 0.01 0.2730 1.2 9.8 272 7040 13140 14145 15021 16662 Chile b. pesos § 37 245 264 315 363 424 522 616 725 785 889 972 Colombia b. pesos 38 258 331 447 577 837 1320 1694 2391 4477 3410 4834 Ecuador m. US dollars 39 198 189 202 209 211 276 291 475 419 499 549 Guyana m. dollars ‡ 40 110 164 142 227 453 562 759 808 780 . . . . Paraguay b. guaranies 41 98.1 104 138 262 254 275 307 406 416 366 380 Peru m. nuevos soles 42 0.1 2.3 146 539 1127 1902 2439 3185 3426 3140 3346 Uruguay m. pesos 93.2 185 384 542 1110 1651 2272 3326 4589 5431 6003 Venezuela m. bolivares fuerte ǁ 43 15.9 41.5 34.6 55.9 67.9 117 138 212 306 753 795 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Asia & Oceania Central Asia Kazakhstan b. tenge † 44 xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 0.3 3.8 10.8 16.3 17.9 19 Kyrgyzstan m. som 45 xxx xxx xxx xxx 6.3 44.2 131 289 362 541 544 Tajikistan m. somoni xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.003 0.2 0.3 0.7 4.0 10.7 17.6 Turkmenistan m. manat 46 xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . 0.3 3.0 31.7 88.0 87.2 Uzbekistan b. som 47 xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . 1.0 3.4 6.9 13.7 . . East Asia China b. yuan 48 . . 42.4 47.5 52.2 67.5 71.2 85.0 103 119 130 141 Japan b. yen † 49 3670 3921 4253 4471 4589 4602 4638 4720 4815 4950 4956 Korea, North b. won 50 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 . . 3.0 . . 2.9 Korea, South b. won 51 5656 6358 7156 8035 9067 9935 10862 12406 13200 14125 14656 Mongolia m. tugriks 900 850 592 888 1184 4147 6766 9547 11850 14767 16750 Taiwan b. dollars 201 225 243 256 271 344 289 319 327 322 295 South Asia Afghanistan m. afghanis 52 ...... Bangladesh b. takas 53 11.6 12.8 13.0 15.0 18.3 18.9 25.1 24.9 28.6 31.3 34.5 India b. rupees 54 162 175 188 199 213 265 283 327 359 435 511 Nepal m. rupees ¶ 899 1077 1151 1489 1724 1877 2001 2126 2358 2583 2995 Pakistan b. rupees ‡ 55 51.0 55.0 67.0 79.0 91.0 95.0 108 124 132 141 149 Sri Lanka b. rupees 56 5.3 4.5 7.5 11.5 14.3 17.1 21.6 39.1 42.4 41.2 47.3 South-East Asia Brunei m. dollars 57 359 363 419 424 410 378 400 405 463 548 492 Cambodia b. riel 2.5 4.8 12.4 31.1 78.9 120 273 302 298 305 312 Indonesia b. rupiah 58 2315 2555 3114 3375 3984 4052 5102 5731 7068 10179 9594 Laos b. kip ...... 72.5 75.5 81.9 87.6 71.0 76.0 110.0 110 Malaysia m. ringgit 59 2241 2761 3043 4323 4500 4951 5565 6121 6091 5877 4547 Myanmar b. kyats 60 1.8 4.3 5.4 6.1 9.1 13.9 17.7 23.8 29.0 30.1 39.6 Philippines m. pesos 61 19651 20757 23131 25094 27524 31812 36778 43725 49268 46459 50117 Singapore m. dollars 2492 2837 3409 3523 3891 4049 4347 5492 5878 6865 7678 Thailand b. baht 48.4 54.4 63.5 74.7 76.8 89.3 95.3 97.6 106.5 90.2 78.7 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Timor-Leste m. US dollars 62 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Viet Nam b. dong 63 792 2047 3319 4292 3730 3168 4730 ...... Oceania Australia m. dollars 7642 8292 8885 9148 9594 10211 10195 10488 10476 10912 11716 Fiji m. dollars † 64 35.3 43.1 45.2 47.9 45.9 49.4 49.3 48.8 46.1 44.7 44.9 New Zealand m. dollars 1769 1794 1752 1677 1564 1644 1660 1834 1769 1803 1819 Papua New Guinea m. kina ‡ 65 40.1 45.6 65.6 50.1 56.5 67.1 84.2 72.2 104 114 103 Europe Central Europe Albania m. leks § ¶ 66 955 965 990 950 2368 4010 4698 4719 4777 4442 5067 Bosnia-Herzegovina m. marka † ¶ 67 xxx xxx xxx xxx ...... Bulgaria m. leva † 68 . . 1.7 1.7 4.1 6.0 7.8 13.1 20.9 38.0 411 564 m. kunas 69 xxx xxx xxx xxx 206 4184 9748 10777 10535 11072 9082 Czechia m. koruny 70 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 23777 27008 28275 30509 31328 37643 Czechoslovakia m. korunas 71 29236 43784 41900 43037 48503 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Estonia m. ǁ 72 xxx xxx xxx xxx 4.3 11.1 20.9 26.6 31.9 47.1 53.9 German DR m. marks 73 21647 22383 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Hungary b. forint 51.8 48.0 53.6 54.0 64.1 67.7 79.6 76.9 89.3 130.0 132.6 m. euro xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Latvia m. euro ǁ 74 xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 17.0 27.0 32.7 29.9 31.4 35.4 Lithuania m. euro ǁ xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 26.1 24.3 35.3 49.0 87.6 160 m. 75 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx m. denars 76 xxx xxx xxx xxx ...... 5223 4163 4302 Poland m. zlotys 77 76.8 215 1464 1821 2564 3847 5117 6594 8313 10468 12133 Romania m. new lei ǁ 3.6 3.8 3.9 10.5 25.6 54.9 155 200 270 770 1113 m. dinars 78 xxx xxx xxx xxx ...... 3950 5406 6441 Slovakia m. euros † ǁ xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 273 319 621 653 557 465 m. euros ǁ xxx xxx xxx xxx 95.5 109 128 166 186 194 209 b. yugoslav 79 5680 61130 51800 . . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Eastern Europe Armenia b. drams † 80 xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.007 0.09 . . 21.2 21.7 31.4 33.7 Azerbaijan m. manats ǁ 81 xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.1 1.6 13.8 58.4 61.6 73.4 83 Belarus b. roubles xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.000002 0.00003 0.0006 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.01 Georgia m. lari † 82 xxx xxx xxx xxx ...... 85.5 57.1 57.1 Moldova m. lei † ¶ 83 xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 9.7 36.7 60.0 70.7 80.5 57 Russia b. roubles 84 xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.9 7.7 29.7 58.1 81.0 101.7 77.2 Ukraine m. hryvnias § 85 xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 5.6 224 1148 1847 2699 2235 USSR b. roubles 84 138.3 133.7 123.4 . . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Western Europe Austria m. euros 1538 1561 1630 1692 1709 1788 1849 1874 1891 1920 1943 Belgium m. euros 3734 3791 3847 3915 3293 3213 3271 3251 3256 3267 3297 Cyprus m. euros † ǁ 194 207 322 332 484 228 251 231 357 469 428 Denmark m. kroner 15620 15963 16399 17091 17129 17390 17293 17468 17896 18521 19071 Finland m. euros 86 1199 1275 1377 1497 1564 1552 1543 1402 1562 1700 1761 France m. euros 87 27541 28854 29697 30852 30589 30887 31561 30532 30397 30874 30249 Germany m. euros 29665 30406 32908 31562 31541 29612 28375 28389 28237 27722 28071 Greece m. euros 1145 1220 1486 1683 2027 2264 2554 2842 3259 3665 4184 Iceland m. krónur † 88 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ireland m. euros 378 389 456 493 503 514 538 556 596 641 662 Italy m. euros 89 11699 12525 12830 13830 14115 14826 15042 14458 16569 17729 18673 Luxembourg m. euros 90 78.4 74.2 80.1 91.2 98.2 92.7 104.5 104 109 119 128.8 Malta m. euros † ǁ 17.3 17.3 15.7 16.4 19.8 21.9 24.5 25.6 28.0 28.0 26.3 Netherlands m. euros 6035 6158 6132 6148 6308 5946 5895 5837 5989 6056 6154 Norway m. kroner 18865 20248 21251 21313 23638 22528 24019 22224 22813 23010 25087 Portugal m. euros 968 1144 1333 1525 1705 1758 1800 2013 2001 2089 2098 Spain m. euros 91 6231 6619 7165 7295 7538 7680 8126 8573 8598 8682 9278 Sweden m. kronor 92 29656 33270 36727 34377 37161 36823 37541 43271 . . 38825 40034 Switzerland m. francs † ¶ 93 4794 5042 5635 5760 5819 5336 5333 5493 5240 5077 5066 UK m. pounds 94 21569 23334 24920 27261 25550 25366 25147 23972 24968 24166 25133 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Middle East Bahrain m. dinars 95 78.0 82.0 90.0 99.0 105 105 107 114 121 121 124 Egypt m. pounds ¶ 3027 3068 3940 4506 4900 5333 6274 6948 7403 7966 8107 Iran b. rials 96 1345 1117 1124 1206 1323 2008 3303 4731 6715 8616 9931 Iraq b. dinars ¶ 97 ...... Israel m. new shekels 98 11426 10375 14093 17758 17984 21941 23403 23928 27127 29598 30764 Jordan m. dinars 220 220 214 295 250 271 285 210 296 315 352 Kuwait m. dinars 99 577 643 4527 2821 883 916 1041 1163 778 711 680 Lebanon b. pounds 16.1 . . 149 213 758 789 1071 1210 1156 1044 1052 Oman m. rials ‡ 100 442 450 557 482 583 554 584 582 553 570 507 Qatar m. riyals 3577 3088 2879 3260 ...... Saudi Arabia b. riyals § 101 50.1 47.8 61.3 61.3 57.6 61.7 53.5 49.5 50.0 68.0 78.2 Syria b. pounds 14.6 16.7 18.4 32.5 33.4 29.9 37.3 39.7 41.7 43.9 45.9 Turkey m. liras ǁ 3.8 7.2 13.9 23.7 42.3 77.7 157 303 612 1183 2289 UAE m. dirhams 102 ...... 12246 14728 Yemen b. riyals 103 xxx xxx 9.7 12.3 15.7 18.4 28.3 32.9 39.2 51.3 52.2 Yemen, North m. rials 104 5533 6030 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

Numbered footnotes can be found on the Footnotes worksheet. † Figures for these countries do not include military pensions ‡ Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending) § Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditure ¶ Figures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forces ǁ This country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency. The symbols || and || between two parts of a series for a country indicate a series break, where data before the red lines may not be consistent with data after. Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 (see below for 2010-2020) © SIPRI 2021 Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion. All figures are expressed in terms of the current currency. In cases where there has been hyperinflation and multiple redenominations of currency, this can mean that figures for earlier years may be only a fraction of a present-day currency Financialunit. years are always treated as starting in the specified year. For example for countries with an FY of October-September, FY1974 means October 1974-September 1975. Figures in blue are SIPRI estimates. Figures in red indicate highly uncertain data. ". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Africa North Africa Algeria b. dinars 1 122 142 162 167 171 202 214 225 273 334 384 Libya m. dinars ‡ ¶ 2 535 556 496 575 700 894 904 807 807 1346 . . Morocco m. dirhams 3 5754 8210 16619 16254 17418 17182 18006 18775 19730 22824.4 24615 Tunisia m. dinars 424 456 483 491 525 554 608 662 629 713 763 Sub-Saharan Angola th/m. kwanzas ǁ 4 2977 5860 8918 19096 49988 68298 118977 158350 155900 237375 262671 Benin b. CFA francs 11.0 10.3 9.6 18.1 20.1 22.1 23.6 24.5 . . 29 . . Botswana m. pula 775 998 1305 1451 1503 1464 1446 1642 1961 2372 2359 Burkina Faso b. CFA francs † 25.7 26.1 27.0 29.6 29.5 34.7 39.0 38.0 51.7 52.4 60.1 Burundi b. francs ‡ 28.5 30.5 44.2 41.8 47.0 49.4 53.6 46.0 50.1 52 . . Cameroon b. CFA francs § 92.0 83.2 99.0 52 110 117 118 134 142 155 162 Cape Verde m. escudos 518 814 572 530 565 573 628 614 640 810 667 Central African Rep. m. CFA francs ‡ 5 ...... 7445 8729 7979 8121 . . 9160 14111 16995 Chad b. CFA francs 12.9 15.2 19.2 23.9 23.8 26.7 29.3 116.6 186.5 274 349 Congo, Republic of m. CFA francs § . . . . 39911 49280 54503 65665 53230 66182 80555 93020 . . Congo, Dem. Rep. as is/mil. francs 6 600 2901 . . . . 31908 54983 78292 96045 106046 89486 99100 Côte d’Ivoire b. CFA francs 7 ...... 124 133 132 140 155 165 198 Djibouti m. francs 4759 4625 4629 5909 7422 6639 7970 8800 6135 6447 . . Equatorial Guinea m. CFA francs ...... 94087 131097 175619 Eritrea m. nakfa ǁ 8 2225 2220 1884 2104 2520 ...... Ethiopia m. birr 6842 3307 2610 2341 2452 2920 3009 3005 3453 4000 4000 Gabon b. CFA francs 9 . . 65.0 66.0 66.0 63.0 66.1 62.3 68.1 ...... Gambia m. dalasis ‡ 10 40.1 42.5 38.5 45.0 57.0 58.0 85.3 78.2 113 381 189 Ghana m. cedis ǁ 11 15.8 27.7 23.2 29.3 46.2 50.7 58.2 69.4 118 120 167 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Guinea b. francs 12 76.6 80.3 171 194 167 182 ...... Guinea-Bissau m. CFA francs ǁ 13 . . 6786 4533 4435 4362 . . 6391 ...... 6490 Kenya m. shillings 10788 14439 16258 17430 19921 21219 26652 27540 39062 41183 48247 Lesotho m. maloti 225 208 199 209 207 202 218 245 292 204 468 Liberia m. dollars 14 ...... 1.7 7.3 5.6 2.2 3.6 6.2 7.3 Madagascar b. ariary ǁ 15 56.6 63.9 85.7 78.9 89.8 102 108 116 154 176 139 Malawi m. kwacha 698 698 988 1186 1309 2753 5116 3933 4959 6678 8841 Mali b. CFA francs ¶ 27.0 31.1 32.9 34.4 38.8 40.9 45.6 50.2 52.9 64 68.2 Mauritania b. ouguiyas ‡ 6.7 9.1 13.3 9.9 16.4 18.6 17.7 22.0 . . 29.4 30.1 Mauritius m. rupees 239 253 270 299 308 293 349 337 392 495 242 Mozambique m. meticais ǁ 16 722 843 1048 1267 1422 1753 1436 1459 1773 2034 2320 Namibia m. dollars 17 714 617 905 935 994 1107 1260 1382 1683 2372 2593 Niger b. CFA francs 14.5 14.3 18.2 14.4 14.3 16.7 17.3 . . . . 24.0 25.0 Nigeria b. naira 18 45.4 37.5 63.5 108 75.9 85.0 88.5 99.9 122 192 224 Rwanda b. francs 19 27.0 23.9 25.2 24.3 24.3 23.8 25.1 30.1 30.4 37 64.2 Senegal b. CFA francs § ¶ 20 48.2 44.4 50.5 51.8 56.3 56.8 65.6 77.7 92.4 97.1 101 Seychelles m. rupees 59.3 59.0 64.8 64.1 66.1 87.6 81.0 79.3 102 105 118 Sierra Leone m. leones 21 . . 48769 59408 56955 66841 62026 68056 83000 86800 70500 89400 Somalia m. ShillingsUS$ 22 ...... South Africa m. rand 10717 13932 16044 19473 19473 20201 23511 23819 25180 27801 31324 South Sudan m. pounds 23 ...... 1198 1185 1874 1404 Sudan m. pounds ‡ ǁ 24 1085 1510 1004 1276 1039 3200 2838 3578 4893 6747 7320 eSwatini m. lilangeni ‡ 25 161 173 168 202 255 283 410 392 451 584 663 Tanzania b. shillings 99.1 117 147 125 135 143 172 197 217 247 332 Togo b. CFA francs ...... 16.8 16.8 17.5 . . . . 25.5 26.0 Uganda b. shillings 231 234 244 267 331 379 393 407 462 611 581 Zambia m. kwacha 134 ...... 470 623 742 930 1042 1115 Zimbabwe m. US dollars ǁ 26 263 346 287 677 195 256 131 162 ...... Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Americas Central America and the Caribbean Belize m. dollars 16.1 13.6 15.3 15.8 17.6 19.4 22.1 25.4 28.2 40.5 32.5 Costa Rica m. colones 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cuba m. pesos 28 ...... 1259 1303 1650 1708 1892 2022 2099 Dominican Rep. m.pesos 2806 4051 5186 5056 4804 6436 8305 8621 9153 11629 11587 El Salvador m.US dollar 29 115 110 151 162 127 128 133 142 166 173 190 Guatemala m. quetzales 914 1225 1546 1239 1420 913 798 993 1043 1259 1203 Haiti m. gourdes 30 ...... Honduras m. lempiras 31 . . 779 974 1045 1426 1103 1179 1428 1813 2503 2963 Jamaica m. dollars 1802 1896 2212 2936 3244 3368 3804 5100 6005 10677 9896 Mexico m. pesos 25363 28664 30171 30631 31941 32215 34039 33081 46150 48243 61003 Nicaragua m. córdobas 32 318 391 377 496 533 520 571 655 728 826 849 Panama m. balboas 33 112 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trinidad & Tobago m. Dollars . . 76.8 117 135 444 581 719 760 878 865 908 North America Canada m. dollars 12360 12314 13191 13379 14143 14951 16001 17066 19255 21100 21828 USA m. dollars 34 298095 320086 331806 378463 440532 492999 533203 558335 589586 656756 705917 South America Argentina m. pesos 35 3460 3265 3182 3413 3988 4285 4935 5643 7109 8769 11063 Bolivia m. bolivianos 36 1027 1071 1218 1150 1328 1340 1365 1438 1737 2368 2427 Brazil m. reais 17898 20753 25682 28224 25829 28608 33080 35686 39887 44841 51283 Chile b. pesos § 37 1040 1135 1202 1226 1430 1638 1736 2044 2102 2425 2189 Colombia b. pesos 38 5703 6322 7507 8383 9434 10664 11405 12577 14082 17810 19496 Ecuador m. US dollars 39 296 266 384 505 739 710 954 950 1310 1646 1949 Guyana m. dollars ‡ 40 . . 2296 2692 3175 3169 4389 3699 3839 5053 6215 6334 Paraguay b. guaranies 41 364 384 375 400 408 505 479 601 666 734 837 Peru m. nuevos soles 42 3357 3183 3171 2953 3100 3147 3965 4227 4169 4397 5567 Uruguay m. pesos 6512 6727 6966 7318 7603 8017 8502 9456 9765 11893 13023 Venezuela m. bolivares fuerte ǁ 43 853 1216 1383 1244 1588 2740 5570 7794 9343 12153 8707 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Asia & Oceania Central Asia Kazakhstan b. tenge † 44 17.2 20.4 32.5 37.7 47.5 58.0 78.7 100 167 185 188 Kyrgyzstan m. som 45 902 1230 1075 1217 1423 1588 1629 1895 1900 2236 2884 Tajikistan m. somoni 18.7 21.5 29.6 70.7 107 134 ...... 180 197 Turkmenistan m. manat 46 116 ...... Uzbekistan b. som 47 34.9 37.5 41.1 44.5 53.0 ...... East Asia China b. yuan 48 169 184 220 251 274 314 351 410 473 548 660 Japan b. yen † 49 4897 4907 4969 4920 4928 4898 4878 4818 4758 4803 4820 Korea, North b. won 50 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 50.8 54.4 64.5 67.1 68.5 71.3 76.3 Korea, South b. won 51 14379 15609 16708 17643 18884 20421 22694 24039 25765 28733 31381 Mongolia m. tugriks 18416 26126 25384 28071 27899 32891 35914 46232 66200 77817 54110 Taiwan b. dollars 404 . . 270 260 257 262 258 249 268 282 302 South Asia Afghanistan m. afghanis 52 ...... 6186 5946 6100 6649 11835 12137 12783 Bangladesh b. takas 53 37.9 39.4 39.4 39.6 44.1 47.6 51.9 62.5 68.9 72.4 101 India b. rupees 54 627 647 703 722 774 965 1035 1102 1190 1518 1993 Nepal m. rupees ¶ 3486 3817 5882 7420 8255 10996 11745 11136 11389 14712 17811 Pakistan b. rupees ‡ 55 156 163 189 202 228 253 293 306 343 393 469 Sri Lanka b. rupees 56 44.6 63.3 60.3 54.7 52.3 62.7 64.7 82.2 117 164 175 South-East Asia Brunei m. dollars 57 438 421 390 405 530 308 449 472 492 520 505 Cambodia b. riel 336 311 277 255 268 278 290 311 321 335 565 Indonesia b. rupiah 58 8691 7340 9430 12755 18310 21712 20829 23923 30611 31349 34333 Laos b. kip 107 112 115 115 121 125 135 140 150 119 119 Malaysia m. ringgit 59 6321 5826 7351 8504 10950 10728 11817 11981 13649 14717 13974 Myanmar b. kyats 60 45.0 63.5 64.0 76.1 173 174 198 ...... Philippines m. pesos 61 52419 57586 57219 61879 70534 69670 75616 82476 92960 100654 100880 Singapore m. dollars 7595 7423 7820 8204 8238 8620 9252 9268 10009 10726 11043 Thailand b. baht 75.1 76.4 77.2 79.9 74.1 78.1 85.1 114.7 142.3 168 154 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Timor-Leste m. US dollars 62 xxx xxx xxx . . . . 6.6 9.8 24.4 11.5 23.7 36.5 Viet Nam b. dong 63 ...... 13058 14409 16278 20577 28735 34848 40981 Oceania Australia m. dollars 12371 12721 14514 14739 15873 16748 17921 19899 21179 23249 25372 Fiji m. dollars † 64 46.9 68.2 74.7 67.6 70.7 81.1 72.9 93.6 122 85.4 100 New Zealand m. dollars 1848 1931 1859 1885 2017 1861 2087 2428 2236 2491 2706 Papua New Guinea m. kina ‡ 65 91.72 93.5 85.5 66.3 68.8 78.7 94.5 95.7 117 106 143 Europe Central Europe Albania m. leks § ¶ 66 5891 6519 7638 8220 9279 10373 11000 13831 17619 21450 17356 Bosnia-Herzegovina m. marka † ¶ 67 ...... 501 351 315 273 278 279 311 341 Bulgaria m. leva † 68 656 746 887 947 986 978 1051 1116 1415 1553 1273 Croatia m. kunas 69 7367 5461 5251 5775 4757 4410 4754 4959 5251 6396 5966 Czechia m. koruny 70 41688 44670 44978 48924 53194 52481 58445 55358 54949 49827 51824 Czechoslovakia m. korunas 71 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Estonia m. euro ǁ 72 69.2 84.9 105 130 152 165 164 188 272 294 254 German DR m. marks 73 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Hungary b. forint 167 202 242 278 314 311 319 297 326 321 299 Kosovo m. euro xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.6 19.6 Latvia m. euro ǁ 74 47.1 60.4 77.7 130 154 176 219 293 352 398 262 Lithuania m. euro ǁ 123 163 193 193 187 218 244 280 323 370 291 Montenegro m. euros 75 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 49 50 47 58.1 55.2 North Macedonia m. denars 76 3769 4602 15397 6841 6292 6683 6259 6149 7272 7229 7000 Poland m. zlotys 77 12800 13673 14864 15407 16141 17479 19078 20541 23774 22525 24661 Romania m. new lei ǁ 1465 2031 2864 3491 4151 4994 5757 6324 6358 7558 6785 Serbia m. dinars 78 8600 21292 33060 43695 42070 43154 41996 47342 56792 61944 65843 Slovakia m. euros † ǁ 449 523 632 662 762 762 848 898 934 1001 972 Slovenia m. euros ǁ 208 207 275 328 360 396 413 485 506 566 575 Yugoslavia b. yugoslav dinar 79 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Eastern Europe Armenia b. drams † 80 36.5 36.7 36.8 36.8 44.3 52.3 64.4 78.3 95.8 121 131 Azerbaijan m. manats ǁ 81 99.1 107 123 136 173 224 288 641 812 1321 1184 Belarus b. roubles 0.04 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.9 Georgia m. lari † 82 52.4 37.2 49.4 74.6 91.5 135 388 720 1556 1625 1008 Moldova m. lei † ¶ 83 63.0 63.3 76.7 94.7 115 116 151 216 276 383 277 Russia b. roubles 84 159 260 341 437 521 604 773 939 1114 1396 1636 Ukraine m. hryvnias § 85 2564 3789 3985 4647 5892 7033 8675 10613 14556 17832 18079 USSR b. roubles 84 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Western Europe Austria m. euros 1994 2090 1999 1999 2111 2158 2160 2105 2557 2558 2401 Belgium m. euros 3378 3463 3393 3344 3434 3433 3400 3434 3773 4298 4046 Cyprus m. euros † ǁ 269 299 360 253 255 271 302 304 295 310 339 Denmark m. kroner 19428 19339 21017 21269 21075 21441 20800 23173 22731 24410 23252 Finland m. euros 86 1552 1691 1653 1712 2193 2330 2412 2494 2409 2702 2837 France m. euros 87 30667 30829 31236 32491 34174 35859 35737 36503 37032 37797 40629 Germany m. euros 28807 28760 28849 29338 29237 28813 24385 28604 29307 30788 32054 Greece m. euros 4496 4895 4948 5030 4462 5048 5652 6064 6235 7219 7660 Iceland m. krónur † 88 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ireland m. euros 696 754 858 862 855 887 921 949 1003 1081 1019 Italy m. euros 89 19727 21576 21813 22962 23767 24371 23913 23622 23368 25150 24514 Luxembourg m. euros 90 132 139 179 163 176 189 196 197 209 162 160 Malta m. euros † ǁ 26.0 25.9 28.4 28.7 30.0 32.5 42.3 35.3 35.8 38.3 42.6 Netherlands m. euros 6595 6482 6929 7149 7404 7552 7693 8145 8388 8448 8733 Norway m. kroner 25809 25722 26669 32461 31985 32945 31471 32142 34439 35932 38960 Portugal m. euros 2259 2393 2598 2765 2755 2996 3248 3242 3190 3285 3563 Spain m. euros 91 10432 11151 11423 10913 11413 12292 12864 13752 14661 15174 14525 Sweden m. kronor 92 41980 43652 44246 42401 42903 40527 41240 41150 43163 39710 38751 Switzerland m. francs † ¶ 93 4727 4729 4664 4493 4404 4357 4339 4174 4231 4439 4413 UK m. pounds 94 25212 26267 27841 30082 32718 32971 34222 35128 37234 40473 41295 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Middle East Bahrain m. dinars 95 137 135 140 167 194 200 193 216 242 271 311 Egypt m. pounds ¶ 8516 9731 12790 13333 14563 14804 15933 17922 19350 21718 22831 Iran b. rials 96 12238 15517 19102 23507 32774 49300 64801 85412 86998 110316 128746 Iraq b. dinars ¶ 97 ...... 892 1649 1814 2497 3718 3787.5 Israel m. new shekels 98 31680 33954 35766 37815 37459 38568 40039 41507 46759 49528 50154 Jordan m. dinars 363 375 375 370 434 416 428 497 732 964 1114 Kuwait m. dinars 99 712 707 784 882 950 1039 1020 1052 1209 1185 1220 Lebanon b. pounds 1251 1402 1445 1368 1392 1439 1451 1521 1737 1763 2150 Oman m. rials ‡ 100 515 606 700 718 757 858 1053 1162 1248 1331 1295 Qatar m. riyals ...... 2770 2856 2811 3231 3879 5687 8436 7092 Saudi Arabia b. riyals § 101 68.7 74.9 78.9 69.4 70.3 78.4 95.1 111 133 143 155 Syria b. pounds 47.6 49.3 53.4 55.3 67.1 70.2 75.7 74.9 82.7 86.8 101 Turkey m. liras ǁ 4168 6248 8844 13641 15426 15568 16232 18622 19528 21878 24873 UAE m. dirhams 102 15546 21579 21293 19663 21428 25035 24254 26315 31073 42497 50814 Yemen b. riyals 103 61.5 76.6 91.1 130 148 136 156 162 209 239 288 Yemen, North m. rials 104 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

Numbered footnotes can be found on the Footnotes worksheet. † Figures for these countries do not include military pensions ‡ Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending) § Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditure ¶ Figures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forces ǁ This country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency. The symbols || and || between two parts of a series for a country indicate a series break, where data before the red lines may not be consistent with data after. Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021 Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion. All figures are expressed in terms of the current currency. In cases where there has been hyperinflation and multiple redenominations of currency, this can mean that figures for earlier years Financialmay be only years a fractionare always of atreated present-day as starting currency in the unit. specified year. For example for countries with an FY of October-September, FY1974 means October 1974-September 1975. Figures in blue are SIPRI estimates. Figures in red indicate highly uncertain data. ". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Africa North Africa Algeria b. dinars 1 422 631 723 807 956 1048 1118 1118 1118 1230 1230 Libya m. dinars ‡ ¶ 2 . . . . 3769 5042 4779 ...... Morocco m. dirhams 3 26605 27042 29360 34173 34034 31912 32632 33845 34696 35531 45865 Tunisia m. dinars 818 1007 1064 1234 1542 1921 2120 2073 2233 2931 3242 Sub-Saharan Angola th/m. kwanzas ǁ 4 321743 341875 395680 587869 673000 433216 452356 508175 501224 536216 573920 Benin b. CFA francs . . . . 40 42 46 54 47 68 50.1 39.9 41.3 Botswana m. pula 2372 2522 2480 2605 3276 4089 6114 5180 5048 5695 6419 Burkina Faso b. CFA francs † 61.3 65.5 75.4 82.1 87.6 87.5 88.6 112 170 210 220 Burundi b. francs ‡ . . . . 85.1 94.6 96.2 104 110 110 116 156 129 Cameroon b. CFA francs § 175 164 181 194 199 209 230 239 239 247 226 Cape Verde m. escudos 686 774 836 815 835 887 1014 919 1001 958 1091 Central African Rep. m. CFA francs ‡ 5 25549 23534 21823 23676 18989 15794 15916 16157 16960 23894 23769 Chad b. CFA francs 305 288 . . 359 194 131 184 129 141 137.53 186 Congo, Republic of m. CFA francs § 108164 . . . . 181341 348510 . . 297650 218394 162422 175760 171710 Congo, Dem. Rep. as is/mil. francs 6 166400 219563 305813 344440 315710 454915 399976 428966 477265 581999 670325 Côte d’Ivoire b. CFA francs 7 192 169 208 212 258 337 357 295 338 314 349 Djibouti m. francs ...... Equatorial Guinea m. CFA francs ...... 82340 81184 82567 79980 83083 94172 . . Eritrea m. nakfa ǁ 8 ...... Ethiopia m. birr 4750 6486 6493 7489 8814 9498 11940 12138 16009 15717 16500 Gabon b. CFA francs 9 133 126 142 139 103 101 120 157 145.17 156 156 Gambia m. dalasis ‡ 10 . . . . 358 373 609 591 . . . . 553 728 762 Ghana m. cedis ǁ 11 175 354 606 498 770 721 640 822 1006 1226 1376 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Guinea b. francs 12 . . . . 1180 1360 1381 1657 1451 1656 1785 1819 2019 Guinea-Bissau m. CFA francs ǁ 13 8484 8267 12504 10726 10616 10077 9330 11169 11192 13226 13412 Kenya m. shillings 50327 64537 77485 70743 73281 92379 97064 112916 112631 115173 120427 Lesotho m. maloti 534 385 454 466 535 571 624 723 661 643 621 Liberia m. dollars 14 10.7 14.4 16.0 14.3 14.8 14.8 14.6 12.0 21.5 16.9 16.9 Madagascar b. ariary ǁ 15 119 146 151 159 168 173 189 208 244 278 333 Malawi m. kwacha 7082 8659 12444 26426 19209 20668 26575 37305 44440 70367 68326 Mali b. CFA francs ¶ 72.7 76.0 76.0 76.0 108 183 215 270 268 279 341 Mauritania b. ouguiyas ‡ . . . . 42.2 43.4 43.8 43.2 48.4 52 56.8 59.1 75.3 Mauritius m. rupees 458 503 501 712 605 599 782 782 782 777 709 Mozambique m. meticais ǁ 16 3369 3455 3947 4753 5448 5359 6997 8304 11855 13469 10668 Namibia m. dollars 17 3006 3293 3414 3882 6483 6655 6132 6014 6041 5953 6224 Niger b. CFA francs 33.1 39.6 76.0 52.4 72.0 . . 98.6 118 128 145 138 Nigeria b. naira 18 299 369 365 381 374 397 444 495 654 669 975 Rwanda b. francs 19 44.1 46.4 51.7 55.0 69.0 80.3 89.5 102.6 102 121 153 Senegal b. CFA francs § ¶ 20 97 109 100 117 119 127 181 179 214 209 226 Seychelles m. rupees 86 108 136 166 394 241 292 304 299 304 323 Sierra Leone m. leones 21 99700 110800 129274 137275 220827 199300 271145 291029 236040 235468 233602 Somalia m. ShillingsUS$ 22 ...... 26.1 60.3 46.6 47.7 61.8 76.6 77.5 98.4 South Africa m. rand 30442 34331 37702 40448 42842 45072 46600 48355 47865 50236 52439 South Sudan m. pounds 23 1501 4720 2684 3110 4569 4852 8344 8029 34170 14416 . . Sudan m. pounds ‡ ǁ 24 ...... 13737 16951 29123 24228 33088 50578 eSwatini m. lilangeni ‡ 25 775 774 734 863 890 954 1263 1127 1317 1228 1240 Tanzania b. shillings 465 502 637 783 896 1164 1207 1301 1429 1426 1627 Togo b. CFA francs 28.1 27.8 32.1 35.8 41.1 41.4 48.7 51.9 58.0 99.9 66.9 Uganda b. shillings 2070 993 769 783 910 1074 1104 1400 1644 3155 4165 Zambia m. kwacha 1344 1503 1783 2058 2729 3215 3089 3205 3956 3773 3879 Zimbabwe m. US dollars ǁ 26 98.3 198 318 357 368 377 358 341 420 547 . . Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Americas Central America and the Caribbean Belize m. dollars 30.1 31.1 30.2 37.3 40.7 39.0 44.9 46.5 49.0961 48.8936 49.0542 Costa Rica m. colones 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cuba m. pesos 28 2140 2128 2880 2710 2852 2687 2807 2782 2919 . . . . Dominican Rep. m.pesos 13239 13326 15584 16028 19059 20634 22111 25328 29396 31460 33257 El Salvador m.US dollar 29 201 221 224 238 234 248 248 261 295 317 372 Guatemala m. quetzales 1368 1537 1758 1962 1900 1933 2211 2021 2054 2555 2647 Haiti m. gourdes 30 . . . . 1.8 2.4 2.4 4.2 4.0 5.1 10.9 10.0 29.9 Honduras m. lempiras 31 3216 3790 4141 6030 6421 7695 8256 9356 9211 9986 9936 Jamaica m. dollars 10138 11925 12312 13061 13590 14775 17494 18764 29772 37259 33764 Mexico m. pesos 60514 68309 75291 82675 89840 86672 99652 95745 112328 127955 131429 Nicaragua m. córdobas 32 946 1154 1651 1843 2113 2697 2433 2596 2578 2527 2686 Panama m. balboas 33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Trinidad & Tobago m. Dollars 923 976 1414 1201 1240 1435 1456 1098 1201 1068 1055 North America Canada m. dollars 19255 21808 19978 18764 20076 23900 23474 30761 29025 29612 30815 USA m. dollars 34 738005 752288 725205 679229 647789 633830 639856 646753 682491 734344 778232 South America Argentina m. pesos 35 13541 16654 20703 28050 40209 50621 66586 90373 107976 150844 205131 Bolivia m. bolivianos 36 2297 2800 3454 3900 4325 3977 3818 3982 4278 4136 4203 Brazil m. reais 59819 61788 66379 70881 76874 81874 84509 93120 102938 102177 101701 Chile b. pesos § 37 2497 2751 2659 2739 2910 3029 3247 3480 3557 3646 3646 Colombia b. pesos 38 19787 19048 21035 23367 23713 25026 26528 29530 29962 33346 34043 Ecuador m. US dollars 39 2094 2454 2590 2736 2787 2598 2513 2463 2549 2400 2244 Guyana m. dollars ‡ 40 6328 6614 6855 7222 8110 9588 10684 12289 12837 14019 13800 Paraguay b. guaranies 41 969 1195 1420 1604 1778 2012 1946 1956 2216 2305 2465 Peru m. nuevos soles 42 6156 6486 7538 8931 9135 10548 8562 8705 8704 9189 9198 Uruguay m. pesos 15158 15931 18780 21405 24048 26505 29773 33407 39075 40700 48837 Venezuela m/b. bolivares fuerte ǁ 43 10306 15345 21939 37496 35217 56721 107844 4440000 3489538 539134496 . . Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Asia & Oceania Central Asia Kazakhstan b. tenge † 44 221 265 325 388 413 454 439 452 542 739 717 Kyrgyzstan m. som 45 3550 3988 5054 5764 6866 7542 8085 8360 8753 8999 9812 Tajikistan m. somoni 235 329 361 . . 515 621 662 668 745 803 825 Turkmenistan m. manat 46 ...... Uzbekistan b. som 47 ...... 11624 . . . . East Asia China b. yuan 48 714 810 916 1017 1119 1224 1320 1424 1538 1660 1741 Japan b. yen † 49 4790 4869 4762 4792 5028 5120 5040 5104 5160 5200 5262 Korea, North b. won 50 82.6 89.8 99.1 105 111 117 123 130 217 . . . . Korea, South b. won 51 32572 34348 35993 37566 39541 41367 42816 44451 47395 51163 53955 Mongolia m. tugriks 74443 110300 154252 157672 191092 200446 206746 213485 237064 261271 294300 Taiwan b. dollars 288 295 311 296 298 313 312 319 317 340 358 South Asia Afghanistan m. afghanis 52 14063 15464 11486 12136 16000 11439 12850 13055 14561 18200 22155 Bangladesh b. takas 53 125 142 156 164 202 237 272 252 357 377 396 India b. rupees 54 2146 2373 2573 2846 3194 3323 3967 4290 4609 5170 5466 Nepal m. rupees ¶ 19491 22629 21109 31160 32858 33459 43189 48201 45108 50271 50257 Pakistan b. rupees ‡ 55 549 652 745 809 941 1008 1082 1328 1531 1589 1770 Sri Lanka b. rupees 56 173 194 188 207 250 280 254 284 266 304 292 South-East Asia Brunei m. dollars 57 542 516 513 516 720 537 564 452 493 590 606 Cambodia b. riel 702 780 876 981 1122 1323 1552 1857 2198 2416 2641 Indonesia b. rupiah 58 42392 51202 61305 87707 82217 101693 98249 117578 107578 127358 136996 Laos b. kip 150 160 172 197 ...... Malaysia m. ringgit 59 12415 14359 13922 15489 16100 17700 17300 15100 13900 15600 16000 Myanmar b. kyats 60 . . 1297 2104 2245 2366 3168 2991 3019 2870 3260 3700 Philippines m. pesos 61 109986 117010 122408 143342 137764 151777 158222 206474 149699 179602 185219 Singapore m. dollars 11061 11276 11524 11751 12296 13103 13824 14176 14307 14623 15086 Thailand b. baht 168 167 180 184 193 205 214 221 227 232 223 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Timor-Leste m. US dollars 62 26.4 20.5 33.4 31.7 29.6 37.0 26.2 25.4 21 34 38 Viet Nam b. dong 63 49739 55100 70000 78024 90000 99000 110000 113534 126618 . . . . Oceania Australia m. dollars 25250 26320 24320 27110 30097 33914 37076 35168 36699 38305 41715 Fiji m. dollars † 64 97 109 106 107 141.2 141.5 148.4 165.3 176 164 152 New Zealand m. dollars 2654 2612 2559 2646 2837 2738 3280 3261 4073 4807 4474 Papua New Guinea m. kina ‡ 65 126 152 231 236 277 276 248 257 262 268 298 Europe Central Europe Albania m. leks § ¶ 66 19321 19877 19820 19022 18788 16671 16250 17199 18995 21670 24109 Bosnia-Herzegovina m. marka † ¶ 67 325 298 300 291 281 286 279 271 285 289 287 Bulgaria m. leva † 68 1230 1066 1099 1196 1102 1116 1186 1255 1593 3771 2140 Croatia m. kunas 69 5585 5913 5589 5459 6113 6057 5696 6120 6068 6634 6845 Czechia m. koruny 70 47706 43785 43474 42053 41990 43783 47783 48892 58893 66735 75500 Czechoslovakia m. korunas 71 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Estonia m. euro ǁ 72 251 280 340 361 386 418 450 479 521 569 615 German DR m. marks 73 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Hungary b. forint 281 296 298 286 281 316 363 403 484 596 742 Kosovo m. euro 29.1 36.7 33.8 36.6 40.4 45.1 47.0 51.0 54 59 69 Latvia m. euro ǁ 74 196 212 199 214 223 255 368 430 601 618 664 Lithuania m. euro ǁ 246 248 256 267 322 425 575 724 895 977 1027 Montenegro m. euros 75 56.7 57.1 52.7 48.8 50.9 51.3 55.8 58.6 67 69 90 North Macedonia m. denars 76 6044 5859 5719 5869 5767 5553 5770 5532 6233 8029 8543 Poland m. zlotys 77 26505 28015 29266 29317 32634 38497 36123 37706 43483 45200 50778 Romania m. new lei ǁ 6630 7255 7293 8162 9014 10337 10738 14765 17181 19527 24299 Serbia m. dinars 78 67806 72377 75096 78330 80747 78796 79024 87478 81925 120063 115666 Slovakia m. euros † ǁ 859 766 794 729 752 889 907 935 1098 1610 1612 Slovenia m. euros ǁ 583 479 423 382 366 361 406 422 449 512 504 Yugoslavia b. yugoslav dinar 79 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Eastern Europe Armenia b. drams † 80 148 146 153 182 190 214 207 214 248 313 308 Azerbaijan m. manats ǁ 81 1185 2432 2550 2642 2688 2972 2229 2642 2843 3152 3804 Belarus b. roubles 2.3 3.8 6.7 8.5 10.2 11.3 11.9 12.1 14 16 17 Georgia m. lari † 82 810 791 812 735 734 680 746 803 846 875 903 Moldova m. lei † ¶ 83 227 270 289 336 387 434 547 571 628 747 770 Russia b. roubles 84 1783 2064 2513 2813 3251 4048 4645 3902 3863 4217 4462 Ukraine m. hryvnias § 85 20533 19937 22662 23140 35627 64651 75253 86067 113606 140003 159788 USSR b. roubles 84 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Western Europe Austria m. euros 2430 2453 2481 2432 2491 2403 2610 2797 2870 2892 3160 Belgium m. euros 3960 3956 4023 3964 3913 3789 3848 3932 4101 4253 4791 Cyprus m. euros † ǁ 361 345 323 290 270 296 267 319 382 359 367 Denmark m. kroner 25328 24259 25617 23682 22769 22633 24190 24961 28787 30389 32395 Finland m. euros 86 2807 2949 3069 3134 3004 3065 3088 3058 3183 3242 3586 France m. euros 87 39296 38932 39083 39165 40049 41160 42835 43846 43556 44766 46275 Germany m. euros 32487 32488 34088 33322 33664 34418 36039 37620 39331 43774 46291 Greece m. euros 6164 5128 4604 4259 4169 4345 4488 4535 4878 4887 4651 Iceland m. krónur † 88 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ireland m. euros 962 935 901 901 899 899 906 914 938 994 1004 Italy m. euros 89 24177 24335 23178 22563 20879 20000 22636 23572 24078.4 23563 25373 Luxembourg m. euros 90 207 185 185 195 210 249 236 319 333.2 383 429 Malta m. euros † ǁ 44.3 40.2 38.9 40.5 42.6 46.7 54.0 57.3 56.7 74.7 70.7 Netherlands m. euros 8472 8379 8067 7702 7788 7816 8242 8539 9417 10719 11035 Norway m. kroner 39279 40534 41560 43427 46234 46894 50397 56664 61349 66127 66993 Portugal m. euros 3563 3528 3220 3558 3099 3215 3737 3276 3621 3821 4070 Spain m. euros 91 14883 14168 14679 12987 12948 13694 12672 14299 15100 15354 15293 Sweden m. kronor 92 42423 41070 42301 42528 44976 45438 46491 47323 49840 55213 59425 Switzerland m. francs † ¶ 93 4292 4417 4306 4665 4226 4351 4506 4557 4552 5083 5354 UK m. pounds 94 41443 41584 41385 40651 40698 38789 39769 40430 42174 45375 46483 Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 © SIPRI 2021

Country Currency Notes 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Middle East Bahrain m. dinars 95 317 389 445 507 555 542 566 576 574.4 585.7 528.2 Egypt m. pounds ¶ 26724 26244 28960 30947 41034 43190 47120 51569 59363 66342 76163 Iran b. rials 96 142498 154602 216229 222485 268307 320159 397579 480524 451908 552552 705917 Iraq b. dinars ¶ 97 4391 5006 4829 9072 8073 11211 7057 8781 7487 9056 8403 Israel m. new shekels 98 51879 54256 56299 58945 63723 64198 67190 70301 70947 73078 74663 Jordan m. dinars 1106 1132 1046 1026 1100 1147 1256 1377 1390 1443 1475 Kuwait m. dinars 99 1250 1568 1695 1590 1683 1741 2017 2065 2200 2255 2089 Lebanon b. pounds 2390 2452 2649 2918 3422 3376 3929 3680 4184.2 3800.8 2897 Oman m. rials ‡ 100 1412 1923 3557 3371 3158 2897 3051 2616 2909 2519 2587.5 Qatar m. riyals 6831 ...... Saudi Arabia b. riyals § 101 170 182 212 251 303 327 239 264 279 232 216 Syria b. pounds 109 120 ...... Turkey m. liras ǁ 26526 28485 31779 35082 38467 42619 53853 64243 94860 117089 124480 UAE m. dirhams 102 64286 70445 69866 86528 83568 ...... Yemen b. riyals 103 318 345 347 354 369 ...... Yemen, North m. rials 104 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

Numbered footnotes can be found on the Footnotes worksheet. † Figures for these countries do not include military pensions ‡ Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending) § Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditure ¶ Figures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forces ǁ This country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency. The symbols || and || between two parts of a series for a country indicate a series break, where data before the red lines may not be consistent with data after.