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Dissertation Irene Schrotenboer Final
Tilburg University Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Lubberman-Schrotenboer, I.G. Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Lubberman-Schrotenboer, I. G. (2014). Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity: Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. CentER, Center for Economic Research. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. sep. 2021 Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op maandag 1 december 2014 om 10:15 uur door Irene Geessien Lubberman-Schrotenboer geboren op 23 mei 1977 te Sneek. -
Governing EMU Economic, Political, Legal and Historical Perspectives
Governing EMU Economic, Political, Legal and Historical Perspectives Francisco Torres Amy Verdun, Chiara Zilioli and Hubert Zimmermann (eds)* European University Institute European Central Bank European Investment Bank July 2004 * Francisco Torres, Amy Verdun and Hubert Zimmermann were the editors of these proceedings while Chiara Zilioli was one of the four initial conference organisers. 1 2 CONTENTS Preface page 7 Chapter 1: Introduction Francisco Torres, Amy Verdun and Hubert Zimmermann ”9 Democracy and Governance in the Euro area Chapter 2: Politicizing EMU: the ‘Legitimacy gap’and the Populist Challenge to the EU Oliver Schmidtke ”19 Chapter 3: EMU and EU Governance Francisco Torres ”35 Chapter 4: Common Currency and National Constitutions Anneli Albi ”63 Papers discussion Stefano Bartolini ”81 Svetlozar Andreev ”85 Alessandra Chirico ”89 General discussion Philippe Schmitter ”99 Michael Artis ” 111 The ECB between Growth and Stability Chapter 5: Governing EMU: the European Central Bank between Growth and Stability Simona Talani ” 117 Chapter 6: The Dog that Would Never Bite? What We Can Learn from the Origins of the Stability and Growth Pact Martin Heipertz and Amy Verdun ” 137 Chapter 7: The “Brussels Consensus” on Macroeconomic Stabilization Policies: A Critical Assessment Roberto Tamborini ” 153 Chapter 8: Stability and Growth: the Role of Monetary Policy and Other Policy Actors in EMU Bernhard Winkler ” 177 Chapter 9: The New Economy and Economic Policy in the Euro Zone Dario Togati ” 195 3 Papers discussion Martin Rhodes ” -
CY19 January a Collection of Bitcoin Commentary from the Brightest
CY19 January A collection of Bitcoin commentary from the brightest minds in the crypto community. Crypto Words CY19 January Contents Goals and Scope ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Support Crypto Words .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Cryptocurrency: The Canary in the Coal Mine.................................................................................................. 4 Tweetstorm: Bitcoin’s 10 Year Anniversary ......................................................................................................... 6 Bitcoin: Two Parts Math, One Part Biology .......................................................................................................... 8 Planting Bitcoin - Season (2/4) .................................................................................................................................... 12 Planting Bitcoin - Gardening (4/4) ............................................................................................................................ 18 Planting Bitcoin — Soil (3/4) .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Planting Bitcoin — Species (1/4) ............................................................................................................................... -
Country Codes and Currency Codes in Research Datasets Technical Report 2020-01
Country codes and currency codes in research datasets Technical Report 2020-01 Technical Report: version 1 Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre Harald Stahl Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 2 Abstract We describe the country and currency codes provided in research datasets. Keywords: country, currency, iso-3166, iso-4217 Technical Report: version 1 DOI: 10.12757/BBk.CountryCodes.01.01 Citation: Stahl, H. (2020). Country codes and currency codes in research datasets: Technical Report 2020-01 – Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre. 3 Contents Special cases ......................................... 4 1 Appendix: Alpha code .................................. 6 1.1 Countries sorted by code . 6 1.2 Countries sorted by description . 11 1.3 Currencies sorted by code . 17 1.4 Currencies sorted by descriptio . 23 2 Appendix: previous numeric code ............................ 30 2.1 Countries numeric by code . 30 2.2 Countries by description . 35 Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 4 Special cases From 2020 on research datasets shall provide ISO-3166 two-letter code. However, there are addi- tional codes beginning with ‘X’ that are requested by the European Commission for some statistics and the breakdown of countries may vary between datasets. For bank related data it is import- ant to have separate data for Guernsey, Jersey and Isle of Man, whereas researchers of the real economy have an interest in small territories like Ceuta and Melilla that are not always covered by ISO-3166. Countries that are treated differently in different statistics are described below. These are – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – France – Spain – Former Yugoslavia – Serbia United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. -
Exchange Rate Arrangements and Currency Convertibility: Developments and Issues
WORLD ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SURVEYS Exchange Rate Arrangements and Currency Convertibility Developments and Issues Prepared by a Staff Team led by R. Barry Johnston with Mark Swinburne Alexander Kyei Bernard Laurens David Mitchem Inci Otker Susana Sosa Natalia Tamirisal INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Washington, DC 1999 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution © 1999 International Monetary Fund Production: IMF Graphics Section Figures: Theodore F. Peters, Jr. Typesetting: Joseph Ashok Kumar ISBN 1-55775-795-X ISSN 0258-7440 Price: US$25.00 (US$20.00 to full-time faculty members and students at universities and colleges) Please send orders to: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services 700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A. Tel: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet:http://www.imf.org recycled paper ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Contents Page Preface vii List of Abbreviations ix Part I I Overview 1 II Convertibility of Currencies for Current International Payments and Transfers 6 The IMF's Jurisdictional View of Exchange Restrictions 6 Trends in Exchange Controls on Payments for Current Account Transactions and Current Transfers 9 Coordinating Exchange and Trade Liberalization 11 Bilateralism and Regionalism 11 Procedures for Acceptance of Obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3, and 4 12 III Controls on Capital Movements 14 Information on Capital Controls 14 Structure of Capital Controls 14 Trends in Controls on Capital Movements 17 Promoting -
Military Expenditure by Country, in Local Currency, 1988-2020
Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2020 (see below for 1999-2020) © SIPRI 2021 Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion. All figures are expressed in terms of the current currency. In cases where there has been hyperinflation and multiple redenominations of currency, this can mean that figures for earlier years may be only a fraction of a present-day currency unit. Financial years are always treated as starting in the specified year. For example for countries with an FY of October-September, FY1974 means October 1974-September 1975. Figures in blue are SIPRI estimates. Figures in red indicate highly uncertain data. ". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question. Country Currency Notes 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Africa North Africa Algeria b. dinars 1 6.1 6.5 8.1 10.4 23 29.8 46.8 58.8 79.5 101.1 112.2 Libya m. dinars ‡ ¶ 2 . 577 675 Morocco m. dirhams 3 7530 8408 8817 9999 10489 11640 12564 18420 12946 13748 14008 Tunisia m. dinars 199.8 222.2 217.7 240.8 256.2 277.2 300.5 324.3 386.9 396.1 416.6 Sub-Saharan Angola th/m. kwanzas ǁ 4 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.2 4.7 35.4 643.1 20452 104621 66889 Benin b. CFA francs 11 9.1 8.935 . -
Bih Economic Update
BiH Economic Update July 5, 1999 Economic Restructuring Office (ERO) USAID BiH Economic Update – Table of Contents I. National Income and Economic Activity Page BiH GDP 4 Federation GDP 4 RS GDP 5 Federation and RS Economic Activity Indicators 6 Recovery to the Pre-War Level of Income 9 Electricity Consumption and the Shadow Economy 10 II. Sectoral Growth Industrial Production 12 Construction 13 Domestic Trade 14 III. Foreign Trade 15 IV. Population and Labor Market Population 17 Employment 18 V. Prices and Wages Prices 19 Wages 20 Exchange Rates 22 VI. Fiscal Indicators State of BiH 24 Federation 24 Republika Srpska 25 Consolidated Entity Budgets 26 VII. Monetary and Financial Sectors Monetary Sector 28 Interest Rates 30 VIII. Privatization Trade in Privatization Claims 31 Ownership Status and Productivity in the Retail Trade Sector 33 Appendix A : The Federation and RS Economic Activity Indicators 34 Appendix B : Historical BiH National Income and Inflation Data 37 2 Preface This update summarizes key economic indicators and for the Bosnian economy and their trends. Special sections are also included that present new economic indicators, explore prospects for economic growth, and review the statistical history of BiH and other topics. In most cases, indicators are given for the Federation and Republika Srpska separately. The Entities’ Institutes for Statistics descend from a common Yugoslav-era statistical system and probably continue to follow similar methodologies in the collection and construction of most indicators. It is not yet possible to provide statistics on the BiH economy as a whole except in cases where Entity statistical quantities can simply be added together. -
Gligor Bishev, Ph.D. RELIABILITY of the EXCHANGE RATE AS A
Gligor Bishev, Ph.D. RELIABILITY OF THE EXCHANGE RATE AS A MONETARY TARGET IN AN UNOPTIMAL CURRENCY AREA - MACEDONIAN CASE Vienna, December, 1997 ABSTRACT The main topic of the research work is, whether the exchange rate targeting is an efficient strategy for maintaining price stability without decelerating the economic growth below the potential one in a situation when national currency area is not an optimum currency area with the anchor currency country in the Mundell-McKinnon style. The research work is devided into six chapters. In the first introductory chapter the set up of the Macedonian monetary order is presented, together with the outline what is following in next five chapters. The main topic of investigation in the second chapter is, if there is an alternative efficient strategy, except exchange rate targeting, for maintaining price stability in a small and open economy that is highly integrated into the international trade and financial flows. The research topic in third chapter is what are preconditions for a national currency area to be an optimum currency area. In the fourth chapter the benefits and costs of exchange rate targeting strategy in Macedonia are presented regarding the monetary policy (money supply growth and interest rates), domestic prices, international competitiveness and employment and output. In the fifth chapter, the regime of the exchange rate that is appropriate for intermediate monetary target and viable on long-run is analyzed from the point of view of eight factors: openness and integration into the world economy, the scope of concentration of trade towards particular regions or countries, the level of currency substitution in the domestic economy, the depth of financial and foreign exchange market, the level of wage elasticity and labour mobility, the degree of capital mobility, the stability/instability of money demand, the scope of product and export diversification and the level of economic development and expected future potential growth. -
Working Paper Series* Department of Economics Alfred Lerner College of Business & Economics University of Delaware
WORKING PAPER SERIES* DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ALFRED LERNER COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE WORKING PAPER NO. 2010-03 CROATIAN WAGE INEQUALITY AND WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, 1970-2008: MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINANTS Ivo Bicanic, Saul D. Hoffman, and Oriana Vukoja ____________________________ *http://lerner.udel.edu/economics/workingpaper.htm .© 2010 by author(s). All rights reserved. CROATIAN WAGE INEQUALITY AND WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, 1970-2008: MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINANTS Ivo Bicanic, Saul D. Hoffman, and Oriana Vukoja June, 2010 Bicanic, Professor of Economics, University of Zagreb; Hoffman, Professor of Economics, University of Delaware; Vukoja, Teaching Assistant, University of Zagreb. This research was supported by Title VIII funds from the U.S. Department of State through a grant administered by the University of Delaware. This paper was prepared for presentation at the University of Delaware Title VIII Research Conference, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 1-2, 2010. 1. Introduction The primary goal of this project is to offer a reliable measurement of medium-term changes of wage inequality and wage differentials in Croatia from 1970 (when the first data was collected) to 2008 (the most recent data available at the time of writing). This period covers, of course, a tumultuous time for Croatia and the Croatian economy: the fall of socialism, hyperinflation, and the Homeland war. We focus on the two most often used inequality measures, the Gini coefficient and the Theil index, using data on wage differences by level of education and vocational training and also by income intervals. We also examine differences over time in inequality for key industrial sectors that were arguable affected quite differently by the many shocks that the Croatian economy experienced over this time period. -
The Commission Also Declared Its Willingness to Allow Greater Use Of
19.6.2001 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 174 E/191 The Commission also declared its willingness to allow greater use of State aid for research and development (R&D) in the shipbuilding sector and recalled that substantial funding was also available under the Community research framework programme. In addition Community shipyards would continue to be able to benefit from other aid possibilities such as investment aid for innovation, regional investment aid for the modernisation of existing shipyards, as well as restructuring and closure aid, where necessary, to help in the process of structural adjustment and reconversion to other activities. These views were presented to the Industry Council on 5 December 2000, which welcomed the Commission’s determination to tackle the problem of unfair Korean competition and took note of the Commission’s proposals in this regard. The operational programme for the Lisbon and Tagus Valley region includes under Priority III-Measure 3.17 projects to improve river connections between the banks of the Tagus at Lisbon. These projects have not yet been submitted to the Commission, which is not therefore in a position to confirm or deny the figure of 60 % of Community funding claimed by the honourable Members. The average rate of funding for the measure is only 48,8 %, however, and in view of the fact that these projects are likely to generate income, the actual figure in the case of this project could in no event exceed 50 %. (1) If appropriate, the directive relevant to the contract in question is Council Directive 93/36/EEC of 14 June 1993 coordinating procedures for the award of public supply contracts (OJ L 199, 9.8.1993), as amended by European Parliament and Council Directive 97/52/EC of 13 October 1997 amending Directives 92/50/EEC, 93/36/EEC and 93/37/EEC concerning the coordination of procedures for the award of public service contracts, public supply contracts and public works contracts respectively (OJ L 328, 28.11.1997). -
Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic -
World Bank Document
FILE COPY o RE§UtED 10 R lDOCUMENTO;NTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Not For Public Use Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. P-1612a-YU REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN Public Disclosure Authorized TO REPUBLISKA SKUPNOST ZA CESTE S.R. SLOVENIJE (Republic Community for Roads of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia) ZAJEDNICA PREDUZECA ZA PUTEVE S.R. SRBIJE (Association of Enterprises for Roads of the Socialist Republic of Serbia) and REPUBLISKA SAMOUPRAVNA INTERESNA ZAJEDNICA ZA PUTEVE S.R. CRNE GORE (Self-Managing Republic Interest Community for Roads of-the Socialist Republic of Montenegro) Public Disclosure Authorized WITH THE GUARANTEE OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA FOR A SEVENTH HIGHWAY PROJECT June 25, 1975 Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for official use only by the Bank Group. It may not be published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS * Currency Unit Yugoslav Dinar (Din.) US$1 Din. 16.00 Din. 1 us$o.0625 Din. 1,000 US$62.50 Din. 1,000,000 US$62,500.00 * The Yugoslav Dinar has been floating since July 13, 1973. The currency equivalents given above are as of September 30, 197h. The Yugoslav Central Bank established on October 29, 1974 a new intervention rate of US$1.00 equal to Dinars 17.23. Fiscal Year January 1 to December 31 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO REPUBLISKA SKUPNOST ZA CESTE S.R.