DOCSLIB.ORG

Endangered Status for 49 Species from the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed Rule

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Vol. 80 Wednesday, No. 189 September 30, 2015 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands; Proposed Rule VerDate Sep<11>2014 19:11 Sep 29, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\30SEP2.SGM 30SEP2 tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS2 58820 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 189 / Wednesday, September 30, 2015 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR www.regulations.gov. This generally • Inadequate existing regulatory means that we will post any personal mechanisms to prevent the introduction Fish and Wildlife Service information you provide us (see Public and spread of nonnative plants and Comments, below, for more animals. 50 CFR Part 17 information). • Stochastic events such as [Docket No. FWS–R1–ES–2015–0125; FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: landslides, flooding, drought, and 4500030113] Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands Fish hurricanes. • Human activities such as RIN 1018–BB07 and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Honolulu, HI 96850; by recreational use of anchialine pools, dumping of nonnative fish and trash Endangered and Threatened Wildlife telephone at 808–792–9400; or by into anchialine pools, and manmade and Plants; Endangered Status for 49 facsimile at 808–792–9581. Persons who structures and artificial lighting. Species From the Hawaiian Islands use a telecommunications device for the • deaf (TDD) may call the Federal Vulnerability to extinction due to AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Information Relay Service (FIRS) at small numbers of individuals and Interior. 800–877–8339. occurrences and lack of regeneration. • Competition with nonnative plants ACTION: Proposed rule. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION and nonnative invertebrates. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Executive Summary The effects of climate change are Wildlife Service (Service), propose to likely to exacerbate the impacts of these Why we need to publish a rule. Under list 10 animal species, including the threats, and may become a threat in the the Act, if a species is determined to be band-rumped storm-petrel future. an endangered or threatened species (Oceanodroma castro), the orangeblack We will seek peer review. We will seek throughout all or a significant portion of Hawaiian damselfly (Megalagrion comments from independent specialists its range, we are required to promptly xanthomelas), the anchialine pool to ensure that our designation is based publish a proposal in the Federal shrimp (Procaris hawaiana), and seven on scientifically sound data, Register and make a determination on yellow-faced bees (Hylaeus anthracinus, assumptions, and analyses. We will our proposal within 1 year. Listing a H. assimulans, H. facilis, H. hilaris, H. invite these peer reviewers to comment species as an endangered or threatened kuakea, H. longiceps, and H. mana), and on our listing proposal. Because we will species can only be completed by 39 plant species from the Hawaiian consider all comments and information issuing a rule. Islands as endangered species under the This rulemaking proposes to list of we receive during the comment period, Endangered Species Act (Act). If we the 49 species from the Hawaiian our final determinations may differ from finalize this rule as proposed, it would Islands as endangered species. These this proposal. extend the Act’s protections to these species are candidate species for which Information Requested species. we have on file sufficient information DATES: We will accept comments on biological vulnerability and threats Public Comments received or postmarked on or before to support preparation of a listing We intend that any final action November 30, 2015. Comments proposal, but for which development of resulting from this proposed rule will be submitted electronically using the a proposed listing rule had been based on the best scientific and Federal eRulemaking Portal (see precluded by other higher priority commercial data available and be as ADDRESSES, below) must be received by listing activities. This proposed rule accurate and as effective as possible. 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing reassesses all available information Therefore, we request comments or date. We must receive requests for regarding status of and threats to the 49 information from the public, including public hearings, in writing, at the species. land owners and land managers, other address shown in FOR FURTHER The basis for our action. Under the concerned governmental agencies, the INFORMATION CONTACT by November 16, Act, we can determine that a species is scientific community, industry, or any 2015. an endangered or threatened species other interested parties, concerning this ADDRESSES: You may submit comments based on any of five factors: (A) The proposed rule. We particularly seek by one of the following methods: present or threatened destruction, comments concerning: (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal modification, or curtailment of its (1) The biology, range, and population eRulemaking Portal: http:// habitat or range; (B) overutilization for trends of these species, including: www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, commercial, recreational, scientific, or (a) Biological or ecological enter FWS–R1–ES–2015–0125, which is educational purposes; (C) disease or requirements, including habitat the docket number for this rulemaking. predation; (D) the inadequacy of requirements for feeding, breeding, and Then, in the Search panel on the left existing regulatory mechanisms; or (E) sheltering; side of the screen, under the Document other natural or manmade factors (b) Genetics and taxonomy; Type heading, click on the Proposed affecting its continued existence. These (c) Historical and current range, Rules link to locate this document. You 49 species are experiencing population- including distribution patterns; may submit a comment by clicking on level impacts as the result of the (d) Historical and current population ‘‘Comment Now!’’ following current and ongoing threats: levels, and current and projected trends; (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail • Habitat loss and degradation due to and or hand-delivery to: Public Comments urbanization; nonnative, feral ungulates (e) Past and ongoing conservation Processing, Attn: FWS–R1–ES–2015– (hoofed mammals, e.g., pigs, goats, deer, measures for these species, their 0125, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, black-tailed deer, mouflon, cattle); habitats, or both. MS: BPHC, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls nonnative plants; wildfire; and water (2) Factors that may affect the Church, VA 22041–3803. extraction. continued existence of these species, We request that you send comments • Predation or herbivory by which may include habitat modification only by the methods described above. nonnative, feral ungulates; rats; slugs; or destruction, overutilization, disease, We will post all comments on http:// ants; and wasps. predation, the inadequacy of existing VerDate Sep<11>2014 19:11 Sep 29, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\30SEP2.SGM 30SEP2 tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 189 / Wednesday, September 30, 2015 / Proposed Rules 58821 regulatory mechanisms, or other natural Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER Cyperus neokunthianus (NCN), or manmade factors. INFORMATION CONTACT). Cyrtandra hematos (haiwale), Deparia kaalaana (NCN), Dryopteris glabra var. (3) Biological, commercial trade, or Public Hearing other relevant data concerning any pusilla (hohiu), Exocarpos menziesii threats (or lack thereof) to these species Section 4(b)(5) of the Act provides for (heau), Festuca hawaiiensis (NCN), and existing regulations that may be one or more public hearings on this Gardenia remyi (nanu), Huperzia addressing those threats. proposal, if requested. Requests must be stemmermanniae (NCN), Hypolepis (4) Empirical data or other scientific received within 45 days after the date of hawaiiensis var. mauiensis (olua), information describing the specific publication of this proposed rule in the Joinvillea ascendens ssp. ascendens impacts of climate change on the Federal Register (see DATES, above). (ohe), Kadua (previously Hedyotis) habitat, life history, and/or ecology of Such requests must be sent to the fluviatilis (kamapuaa, pilo), Kadua these species, for example, the species’ address shown in the FOR FURTHER haupuensis (NCN), Labordia lorenciana biological response, or likely response, INFORMATION CONTACT section. We will (NCN), Lepidium orbiculare (anaunau), to changes in habitat resulting from schedule public hearings on this Microlepia strigosa var. mauiensis climate-change related changes in proposal, if any are requested, and (NCN), Myrsine fosbergii (kolea), ambient temperature, precipitation, announce the dates, times, and places of Nothocestrum latifolium (aiea), drought, storm severity, or sea level. those hearings, as well as how to obtain Ochrosia haleakalae (holei), (5) Additional information concerning reasonable accommodations, in the Phyllostegia brevidens (NCN), the historical and current status, range, Federal Register and local newspapers Phyllostegia helleri (NCN), Phyllostegia distribution, and population size of at least 15 days before the hearing. stachyoides (NCN), Portulaca villosa these species, including the locations of Peer Review (ihi), Pritchardia bakeri (Baker’s loulu), any additional populations of these Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium var. In accordance with our joint
Recommended publications
  • Alien Freshwater Fish, Xiphophorus Interspecies Hybrid (Poeciliidae) Found in Artificial Lake in Warsaw, Central Poland

    Alien Freshwater Fish, Xiphophorus Interspecies Hybrid (Poeciliidae) Found in Artificial Lake in Warsaw, Central Poland

    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 132 (2019) 291-299 EISSN 2392-2192 SHORT COMMUNICATION Alien freshwater fish, Xiphophorus interspecies hybrid (Poeciliidae) found in artificial lake in Warsaw, Central Poland Rafał Maciaszek1,*, Dorota Marcinek2, Maria Eberhardt3, Sylwia Wilk4 1 Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland 2 Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland 4 Veterinary Clinic “Lavia-Vet”, Jasionka 926, 36-002, Jasionka, Poland *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes an introduction of aquarium ornamental fish, Xiphophorus interspecies hybrid (Poeciliidae) in an artificial water reservoir in Pole Mokotowskie park complex in Warsaw, Poland. Caught individuals have been identified, described and presented in photographs. Measurements of selected physicochemical parameters of water were made and perspectives for the studied population were evaluated. The finding is discussed with available literature describing introductions of alien species with aquaristical origin in Polish waters. Keywords: aquarium, invasive species, ornamental pet, green swordtail, southern platyfish, variatus platy, stone maroko, Pole Mokotowskie park complex, Xiphophorus ( Received 14 July 2019; Accepted 27 July 2019; Date of Publication 29 July 2019 ) World Scientific News 132 (2019) 291-299 1. INTRODUCTION The fish kept in aquariums and home ponds are often introduced to new environment accidentaly or intentionaly by irresponsible owners. Some species of these ornamental animals are characterized by high expansiveness and tolerance to water pollution, which in the case of their release in a new area may result in local ichthyofauna biodiversity decline.
  • Incidence and Evaluation of a New Rust Disease on Myrtaceae in Hawaii

    Incidence and Evaluation of a New Rust Disease on Myrtaceae in Hawaii

    Incidence and Evaluation of a New Rust Disease on Myrtaceae in Hawaii: Puccinia psidii Winter, Guava Rust Anne Marie LaRosa1 and Rob Hauff2 1USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry 2Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife Background Related Surveys and Research Figure 1. Ohia seedling with pustules. Figure 2. Rose apple dieback caused by P. psidii. Distribution: The rust disease, Puccinia psidii Winter, or guava rust, was originally Complimenting the forest survey, the Hawaii Agricultural Research Center is carrying described in 1884 from infections on guava in Brazil. Until 2005 this pathogen was out a nursery survey for P. psidii. Nurseries on all of the main islands that provide unknown outside the Neotropics and the state of Florida. It was first detected in seedlings to forestry and conservation are being targeted. Data such as host species, Hawaii in the spring of 2005 on ohia-lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud) and disease severity, and host species growing in adjacent natural areas are being has since spread from Oahu to all major Hawaiian Islands (Killgore and Heu, 2005). collected. Host Range: Puccinia psidii has an unusually broad host range for a rust. Other related work on P. psidii includes molecular work conducted by the University of Worldwide, the host range currently includes 21 genera and 72 species of Hawaii. Dr. Zhong is analyzing genetic material to characterize the disease in Hawaii Myrtaceae, including such common tropical species as Eucalyptus and guava and comparing it to DNA samples from Brazil and Florida. Disease material from the (Simpson and others, 2006).
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment

    Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment

    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
  • Alien Plant Invasions in Mediterranean Habitats: an Assessment for Sicily

    Alien Plant Invasions in Mediterranean Habitats: an Assessment for Sicily

    Biol Invasions https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02561-0 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL PAPER Alien plant invasions in Mediterranean habitats: an assessment for Sicily Riccardo Guarino . Milan Chytry´ . Fabio Attorre . Flavia Landucci . Corrado Marceno` Received: 9 November 2020 / Accepted: 1 May 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Levels of plant invasions in different longer flowering period than the native species. The habitat types were assessed in several regional studies, investigated habitats differed strongly in their level of but few of them were from the Mediterranean. Here invasion by alien species, ranging from 0 to 15.6% of we compare the levels of vascular plant invasion aliens of all species recorded. Most of the habitats across habitats and plant communities of Sicily. We were colonized by very few alien species or com- used a large dataset of plant species presences/ pletely lacked them, except for sandy coasts, natu- absences in vegetation plots to analyze the invasion rally-disturbed riverbeds, and synanthropic habitats. It patterns across habitats considering biogeography, life must be noted, however, that the number of alien form and phenology of alien plants. Vegetation plots species occurring in a given habitat does not relate to were classified based on the EUNIS classification of the severity of the impact of invasion in that habitat. European habitats. The invasiveness of each species Some habitats are invaded by few (or single) species, was expressed in terms of its absolute and percentage which attain a high cover, transforming the whole frequency. Representation of different life forms and ecosystem. The habitat-based approach proved to be phenological patterns was compared between alien suitable for evaluating the habitat specificity and and native species.
  • Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names for Fish and Wildlife Species Found in Idaho

    Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names for Fish and Wildlife Species Found in Idaho

    APPENDIX A: COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SPECIES FOUND IN IDAHO. How to Read the Lists. Within these lists, species are listed phylogenetically by class. In cases where phylogeny is incompletely understood, taxonomic units are arranged alphabetically. Listed below are definitions for interpreting NatureServe conservation status ranks (GRanks and SRanks). These ranks reflect an assessment of the condition of the species rangewide (GRank) and statewide (SRank). Rangewide ranks are assigned by NatureServe and statewide ranks are assigned by the Idaho Conservation Data Center. GX or SX Presumed extinct or extirpated: not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. GH or SH Possibly extinct or extirpated (historical): historically occurred, but may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20–40 years. A species could become SH without such a 20–40 year delay if the only known occurrences in the state were destroyed or if it had been extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. The SH rank is reserved for species for which some effort has been made to relocate occurrences, rather than simply using this status for all elements not known from verified extant occurrences. G1 or S1 Critically imperiled: at high risk because of extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences), rapidly declining numbers, or other factors that make it particularly vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. G2 or S2 Imperiled: at risk because of restricted range, few populations (often 20 or fewer), rapidly declining numbers, or other factors that make it vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. G3 or S3 Vulnerable: at moderate risk because of restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors that make it vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation.
  • Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships

    Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships

    Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales.
  • Invasive Aphids Attack Native Hawaiian Plants

    Invasive Aphids Attack Native Hawaiian Plants

    Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-006-9045-1 INVASION NOTE Invasive aphids attack native Hawaiian plants Russell H. Messing Æ Michelle N. Tremblay Æ Edward B. Mondor Æ Robert G. Foottit Æ Keith S. Pike Received: 17 July 2006 / Accepted: 25 July 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Invasive species have had devastating plants. To date, aphids have been observed impacts on the fauna and flora of the Hawaiian feeding and reproducing on 64 native Hawaiian Islands. While the negative effects of some inva- plants (16 indigenous species and 48 endemic sive species are obvious, other species are less species) in 32 families. As the majority of these visible, though no less important. Aphids (Ho- plants are endangered, invasive aphids may have moptera: Aphididae) are not native to Hawai’i profound impacts on the island flora. To help but have thoroughly invaded the Island chain, protect unique island ecosystems, we propose that largely as a result of anthropogenic influences. As border vigilance be enhanced to prevent the aphids cause both direct plant feeding damage incursion of new aphids, and that biological con- and transmit numerous pathogenic viruses, it is trol efforts be renewed to mitigate the impact of important to document aphid distributions and existing species. ranges throughout the archipelago. On the basis of an extensive survey of aphid diversity on the Keywords Aphid Æ Aphididae Æ Hawai’i Æ five largest Hawaiian Islands (Hawai’i, Kaua’i, Indigenous plants Æ Invasive species Æ Endemic O’ahu, Maui, and Moloka’i), we provide the first plants Æ Hawaiian Islands Æ Virus evidence that invasive aphids feed not just on agricultural crops, but also on native Hawaiian Introduction R.
  • Field Instructions for The

    Field Instructions for The

    FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INVENTORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 2013 Hawaii Edition Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON: FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS VERSION 5.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSES OF THIS MANUAL ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 UNITS OF MEASURE ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 PLOT SETUP .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 PLOT INTEGRITY ......................................................................................................................................................................
  • Guidance Document Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide

    Guidance Document Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide

    GUIDANCE DOCUMENT Recovery of Native Plant Communities and Ecological Processes Following Removal of Non-native, Invasive Ungulates from Pacific Island Forests Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide SERDP Project RC-2433 JULY 2018 Creighton Litton Rebecca Cole University of Hawaii at Manoa Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank 47 Page Intentionally Left Blank 1. Ferns & Fern Allies Order: Polypodiales Family: Aspleniaceae (Spleenworts) Asplenium peruvianum var. insulare – fragile fern (Endangered) Delicate ENDEMIC plants usually growing in cracks or caves; largest pinnae usually <6mm long, tips blunt, uniform in shape, shallowly lobed, 2-5 lobes on acroscopic side. Fewer than 5 sori per pinna. Fronds with distal stipes, proximal rachises ocassionally proliferous . d b a Asplenium trichomanes subsp. densum – ‘oāli’i; maidenhair spleenwort Plants small, commonly growing in full sunlight. Rhizomes short, erect, retaining many dark brown, shiny old stipe bases.. Stipes wiry, dark brown – black, up to 10cm, shiny, glabrous, adaxial surface flat, with 2 greenish ridges on either side. Pinnae 15-45 pairs, almost sessile, alternate, ovate to round, basal pinnae smaller and more widely spaced.
  • 25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data to Measure The

    25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data to Measure The

    25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data To Measure The Effectiveness Of Restoration Actions For Australia's Woodland Birds Michelle Gibson1, Jessica Walsh1,2, Nicki Taws5, Martine Maron1 1Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia, 2School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, 3800, Victoria, Australia, 3Greening Australia, Aranda, Canberra, 2614 Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 4BirdLife Australia, Carlton, Melbourne, 3053, Victoria, Australia, 5Greening Australia, PO Box 538 Jamison Centre, Macquarie, Australian Capital Territory 2614, Australia Before conservation actions are implemented, they should be evaluated for their effectiveness to ensure the best possible outcomes. However, many conservation actions are not implemented under an experimental framework, making it difficult to measure their effectiveness. Ecological monitoring datasets provide useful opportunities for measuring the effect of conservation actions and a baseline upon which adaptive management can be built. We measure the effect of conservation actions on Australian woodland ecosystems using two community group-led bird monitoring datasets. Australia’s temperate woodlands have been largely cleared for agricultural production and their bird communities are in decline. To reverse these declines, a suite of conservation actions has been implemented by government and non- government agencies, and private landholders. We analysed the response of total woodland bird abundance, species richness, and community condition, to two widely-used actions — grazing exclusion and replanting. We recorded 139 species from 134 sites and 1,389 surveys over a 20-year period. Grazing exclusion and replanting combined had strong positive effects on all three bird community metrics over time relative to control sites, where no actions had occurred.
  • United States of America

    United States of America

    anran Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT COUNTRY REPORTS NITED TATES OF MERICA U S A FRA2005/040 Rome, 2005 FRA 2005 – Country Report 040 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up- to-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005), which is the most comprehensive assessment to date. More than 800 people have been involved, including 172 national correspondents and their colleagues, an Advisory Group, international experts, FAO staff, consultants and volunteers. Information has been collated from 229 countries and territories for three points in time: 1990, 2000 and 2005. The reporting framework for FRA 2005 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes more than 40 variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources.
  • Metadata for Hawaii Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)

    Metadata for Hawaii Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)

    HYDRO Hawaii ESI: HYDRO (Hydrology Polygons and Lines) Metadata: Identification_Information Data_Quality_Information Spatial_Data_Organization_Information Spatial_Reference_Information Entity_and_Attribute_Information Distribution_Information Metadata_Reference_Information Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Publication_Date: 200111 Title: Hawaii ESI: HYDRO (Hydrology Polygons and Lines) Edition: Second Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: None Issue_Identification: Hawaii Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Seattle, Washington Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Other_Citation_Details: Prepared by Research Planning, Inc., Columbia, South Carolina for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Description: Abstract: This data set contains vector arcs and polygons representing coastal hydrography used in the creation of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) for Hawaii. The HYDRO data layer contains all annotation used in producing the atlas. The annotation features are categorized into