DOCSLIB.ORG

25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data to Measure The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data to Measure The 25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data To Measure The Effectiveness Of Restoration Actions For Australia's Woodland Birds Michelle Gibson1, Jessica Walsh1,2, Nicki Taws5, Martine Maron1 1Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia, 2School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, 3800, Victoria, Australia, 3Greening Australia, Aranda, Canberra, 2614 Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 4BirdLife Australia, Carlton, Melbourne, 3053, Victoria, Australia, 5Greening Australia, PO Box 538 Jamison Centre, Macquarie, Australian Capital Territory 2614, Australia Before conservation actions are implemented, they should be evaluated for their effectiveness to ensure the best possible outcomes. However, many conservation actions are not implemented under an experimental framework, making it difficult to measure their effectiveness. Ecological monitoring datasets provide useful opportunities for measuring the effect of conservation actions and a baseline upon which adaptive management can be built. We measure the effect of conservation actions on Australian woodland ecosystems using two community group-led bird monitoring datasets. Australia’s temperate woodlands have been largely cleared for agricultural production and their bird communities are in decline. To reverse these declines, a suite of conservation actions has been implemented by government and non- government agencies, and private landholders. We analysed the response of total woodland bird abundance, species richness, and community condition, to two widely-used actions — grazing exclusion and replanting. We recorded 139 species from 134 sites and 1,389 surveys over a 20-year period. Grazing exclusion and replanting combined had strong positive effects on all three bird community metrics over time relative to control sites, where no actions had occurred. Effectiveness of grazing exclusion (when not combined with replanting) improved over time in terms of bird abundance but not species richness or community condition. Control sites with continued grazing and no replanting showed declines in species richness and bird abundance over time. Future monitoring programs should record details of site management history and effort (e.g. frequency, area) and include control sites without management actions so that the effectiveness of conservation actions can be evaluated. 33 The Status of Resources in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument Athline Clark1, Jonathan Martinez1 1Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Honolulu, United States The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is a biologically, culturally and historically significant place in the Hawaiian Archipelago and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Monument encompasses the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and is the largest protected area in the United States. Place-based conservation has been ongoing for over 20 years. Native Hawaiian practitioners consider Papahānaumokuākea to be one of the last remaining ʿāina momona. The Monument supports predator dominated coral reefs, is vital habitat for 23 threatened and endangered species, home to 14 million nesting seabirds and supports an exceptionally high percentage of species found nowhere else on earth. Ten years of information have been recently evaluated to assess the condition and trends of the physical environment, habitats, living resources and historic and cultural resources of the Monument. Transdisciplinary approaches are utilized to conduct these assessments using descriptive and applied scientific, archaeologic and traditional research. Resource abundance and habitat quality will be discussed. This management assessment provides recent information on Monument resources in addition to shedding light on the impacts of recent natural disasters and discoveries. There will be discussions on the status and trends of: physical habitats, Hawaiian Monk Seals, green sea turtles, marine biodiversity, terrestrial and marine non-indigenous species, and Native Hawaiian resources. SPEAKERS: 1. Introduction: Jonathan Martinez and Athline Clark 2. Habitats: Keo Lopes 3. Sea Turtles: Marylou Staman 4. Monk Seals: Thea Johanos 5. Terrestrial Non-Indigenous Species: Cynthia Vanderlip 6. Marine Biodiversity: Randy Kosaki 7. Marine Non-Indigenous Species: Brian Hauk 8. Native Hawaiian Resources: Kalani Quiocho 38 Improving Bird Surveys in the Kaʻū Forest Kevin Brinck3, Ayesha Genz1, Rick Camp4, Jackie Gaudioso-Levita5, Seth Judge6, Lanie Berry5, Alex Wang5 1University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies Unit, Hilo, United States, 2University of Hawaii, Hilo, United States, 3University of Hawaii at Hilo Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies Unit, Hilo, United States, 4U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano, United States, 5Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Hilo, United States, 6National Park Service, Volcano, United States Most abundance estimates for Hawaiʻi forest birds are produced using point transect distance sampling. This method uses standardized counts recording the distance to each detected bird. The average density of each species is then estimated and multiplied by the habitat area to calculate abundance. The Kaʻū forest, on the slope of Mauna Loa volcano on Hawaiʻi Island, is the largest native forest in the state and home to eight native forest bird species, including three endangered and one threatened species. The forest is under management by the U.S. National Park Service and the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and in 2019, both agencies coordinated to conduct a simultaneous survey of their management units to produce a comprehensive estimate of Kaʻū forestʻs bird populations. We improved trends assessment using bootstrap regression methods which indicated that in the Kaʻū forest two endangered species (ʻakiapolaʻau (Hemignathus wilsoni) and Hawaiʻi ʻakepa (Loxops coccineus)) are in decline while the ʻalawī (Loxops mana) population is increasing. Surveyors recorded the local vegetation characteristics, allowing us to include site-level habitat information (such forest moisture category, canopy height and dominant undergrowth species) not previously used to estimate Hawaiʻi bird abundance. Both historical and contemporary descriptors of vegetation and the forest structure were used to improve density estimates. The effect on estimated abundance was moderate (< 10% difference) but we identified important covariates and methods to continue to improve future bird surveys in Kaʻū and elsewhere in Hawaiʻi. 41 Actions for Future Abundance: Investigating Perceptions of Coral Reef Health and Pro- environmental Behavior among Coastal Users in West Maui, Hawai‘i Francisca (Kika) Santana1, Alana Yurkanin2, Edwin (Ekolu) Lindsey III3, Tiara Stark2, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi1 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2The Nature Conservancy, Makawao, HI, United States, 3Polanui Hiu CMMA, Lahaina, HI, United States Coral reef ecosystems in Hawai‘i are under threat from global and local stressors, including rising ocean temperatures, overharvesting, pollution, and ocean-based recreational activity. Hawaiian reefs adjacent to large population centers, like West Maui’s once abundant, life- sustaining Nā Papalimu O Pi‘ilani reef, now show significant signs of human impact. Despite important links between coastal user activity and coral reef health, the social and psychological factors that influence human behavior in nearshore environments are not well-understood. What motivates individuals to take pro-environmental action to protect coral reefs? And how can communities effectively promote respectful reef etiquette among coastal users? We investigate these motivating questions by drawing from theories and methods in conservation psychology. Through a partnership between the community group Polanui Hiu, The Nature Conservancy, and Stanford University, we conducted an in-person survey of 300 coastal users in West Maui, an area popular for ocean-based recreation. We collected information on individual coastal users’ 1) reef-based activities, 2) perceptions of reef health, 3) social-psychological indicators (such as place attachment and self-efficacy), and 4) pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Initial results indicate that residents have more knowledge of coral reef health and more place attachment than visitors. Subsequent analyses will identify variables that predict pro- environmental behavior. The findings will provide community partners with insight into coastal user groups to target outreach and education and to assess support for future fisheries management efforts. We anticipate that the study will promote safer, sustainable human-reef interactions, which may facilitate the return of marine life in West Maui. 46 Teens Creating Conservation Innovations: Students Share Their Hawaiʻi Youth Sustainability Challenge Projects Elia Herman1, Natalie McKinney2 1Kupu, Honolulu, United States, 2Kōkua Hawaiʻi Foundation, Haleiwa, United States The Hawaiʻi Youth Sustainability Challenge (HYSC) helps students develop innovative solutions to the conservation challenges they identify in their schools and communities. In the 2019-2020 school year, Kupu and Kokua Hawaiʻi Foundation (KHF) are providing project grants, mentorship, and training to students in grades 10-12 from across Oʻahu. This smaller, more localized cohort allows the program to invest more deeply
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Critical Habitat for Canterbury Freshwater Fish, Kōura/Kēkēwai and Kākahi
    CRITICAL HABITAT FOR CANTERBURY FRESHWATER FISH, KŌURA/KĒKĒWAI AND KĀKAHI REPORT PREPARED FOR CANTERBURY REGIONAL COUNCIL BY RICHARD ALLIBONE WATERWAYS CONSULTING REPORT NUMBER: 55-2018 AND DUNCAN GRAY CANTERBURY REGIONAL COUNCIL DATE: DECEMBER 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Aquatic habitat in Canterbury supports a range of native freshwater fish and the mega macroinvertebrates kōura/kēkēwai (crayfish) and kākahi (mussel). Loss of habitat, barriers to fish passage, water quality and water quantity issues present management challenges when we seek to protect this freshwater fauna while providing for human use. Water plans in Canterbury are intended to set rules for the use of water, the quality of water in aquatic systems and activities that occur within and adjacent to aquatic areas. To inform the planning and resource consent processes, information on the distribution of species and their critical habitat requirements can be used to provide for their protection. This report assesses the conservation status and distributions of indigenous freshwater fish, kēkēwai and kākahi in the Canterbury region. The report identifies the geographic distribution of these species and provides information on the critical habitat requirements of these species and/or populations. Water Ways Consulting Ltd Critical habitats for Canterbury aquatic fauna Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Methods ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'Alae 'Ula (Hawaiian Moorhen)
    NATIVE WATERBIRDS AVIAN NEWCOMERS These newly-created wetlands have been rapidly colonized by native waterbirds, Many non-native birds are attracted to the wetland restoration as well. The including four species that are highly endangered and found only in the Hawaiian long-necked white waders are Cattle Egrets, native to the Old World. Non-native Islands. The ‘Alae ‘Ula, or Hawaiian Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), songbirds include the Common Myna, White-rumped Shama, two unrelated kinds of and Koloa Maoli, or Koloa Duck (Anas wyvilliana), have by now raised many broods cardinals, and three kinds of doves. Many of these exotic species probably became here, nesting among the native sedges. The Ae‘o, or Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus established in recent decades as escaped cage birds. Before the accidental mexicanus knudseni), and the Nēnē, or Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis), stop introduction of mosquitoes in the 19th century and bird diseases they carry, by almost daily to rest and feed. In the morning and evening, watch for the ‘Auku‘u these coastal lowlands were home to native honeycreepers and other native or Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax). Long-distance migrants such songbirds, preserved abundantly in the fossil record of Makauwahi Cave. as the Kōlea or Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis( fulva) stop to rest and often winter here, as part of their annual 10,000-mile migration from breeding grounds in the Arctic to wintering sites in the tropics. Bones of all these bird species occur as fossils in the sediment of adjacent Makauwahi Cave, showing that they have thrived here for thousands of years.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes
    diversity Article A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes Rachel A. Paterson 1,*, Gustavo P. Viozzi 2, Carlos A. Rauque 2, Verónica R. Flores 2 and Robert Poulin 3 1 The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway 2 Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA, CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina; [email protected] (G.P.V.); [email protected] (C.A.R.); veronicaroxanafl[email protected] (V.R.F.) 3 Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-481-37-867 Abstract: Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowl- edge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influ- ence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 696.18 K
    Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 13(3):1-13 (2020) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A. Entomology ISSN 1687- 8809 http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ The Mymaridae of Egypt (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera) Al-Azab, S. A. Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Egypt. Email: [email protected] ______________________________________________________________ ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Diagnostic characters of the family Mymaridae, together with diagnosis Received:15/5/2020 and keys to the Egyptian genera of the family-based upon the external Accepted:2/7/2020 morphological characters of the adult female and male are presented with ---------------------- illustrations to facilitate their recognition. Synonyms, taxonomic notes, hosts, Keywords: and habitat of the genera together with their representative species in Egypt Hymenoptera, are also provided to give general picture and high light on the occurrence, Chalcidoidea, diversity, and distribution of the mymarids in Egypt. The study based on the Mymaridae, materials kept in the main reference insect collections in Egypt, and the Taxonomy, available literature. Egypt. INTRODUCTION The Mymaridae (fairy wasps) are a family of chalcid wasps found in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. It includes the most primitive members of the chalcid wasp and contains around 100 genera with about 1400 species (Noyes, 2005). Fairyflies are very tiny insects and include the world's smallest known insects. They generally range from 0.5 to 1.0 mm long. Adult mymarids are rather fragile, the body generally being slender and the wings narrow with an elongate marginal fringe. Their delicate bodies and their hair-fringed wings have earned them their common name. Very little is known of the life histories of fairyflies, as only a few species have been observed extensively.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Patterns of Hawaiian Stilt Chicks
    Wilson Bull., 11 l(4), 1999, pp. 478487 GROWTH PATTERNS OF HAWAIIAN STILT CHICKS J. MICHAEL REED,,2,8‘ ELIZABETH M. GRAY,334 DIANNE LEWIS3 LEWIS W. ORING,3 RICHARD COLEMAN,5 TIMOTHY BURR,6 AND PETER LUSCOMB7 ABSTRACT-We studied chick growth and plumage patterns in the endangered Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). Body mass of captive chicks closely fit a Gompertz growth curve, revealing a growth coefficient (K) of 0.065 day- ’ and point of inflection (T) of 17 days. When chicks fledged about 28 days after hatching, they weighed only 60% of adult body mass; at 42 d, birds still were only 75% of adult mass; culmen, tarsus, and wing chord at fledging also were less than adult size. This trend of continued growth to adult size after fledging is typical for most shorebirds. After hatching, captive chicks grew more rapidly than wild chicks, probably because of an unlimited food supply. We found no evidence for adverse effects of weather on the growth of wild chicks. As with other shorebirds, the tarsus started relatively long, with culmen and then wing chord growing more rapidly in later development. Tarsal and wing chord growth were sigmoidal, whereas culmen growth was linear. We describe plumage characteristics of weekly age classes of chicks to help researchers age birds in the wild. Received 28 Dec. 1998, accepted 20 April 1999. Avian growth patterns have been studied (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), a precocial primarily because of their relationships to the bird that is an endangered subspecies of the ecology and evolutionary history of different Black-necked Stilt.
    [Show full text]
  • Convergent Evolution of 'Creepers' in the Hawaiian Honeycreeper
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Biol. Lett. 1. INTRODUCTION doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0589 Adaptive radiation is a fascinating evolutionary pro- 1 cess that has generated much biodiversity. Although 65 2 Evolutionary biology several mechanisms may be responsible for such 66 3 diversification, the ‘ecological theory’ holds that it is 67 4 the outcome of divergent natural selection between 68 5 Convergent evolution of environments (Schluter 2000). Whether adaptive 69 6 radiations result chiefly from such ecological speciation, 70 7 ‘creepers’ in the Hawaiian however, remains unclear (Schluter 2001). Convergent 71 8 evolution is often considered powerful evidence for the 72 9 honeycreeper radiation role of adaptive forces in the speciation process 73 (Futuyma 1998), and thus documenting cases where it 10 Dawn M. Reding1,2,*, Jeffrey T. Foster1,3, 74 has occurred is important in understanding the link 11 Helen F. James4, H. Douglas Pratt5 75 12 between natural selection and adaptive radiation. 76 and Robert C. Fleischer1 13 The more than 50 species of Hawaiian honeycree- 77 1 14 Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, National pers (subfamily Drepanidinae) are a spectacular 78 Zoological Park and National Museum of Natural History, 15 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA example of adaptive radiation and an interesting 79 16 2Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, system to test for convergence, which has been 80 17 HI 96822, USA suspected among the nuthatch-like ‘creeper’ eco- 81 3Center for Microbial Genetics & Genomics,
    [Show full text]
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • National Wildlife Refuges Changed2.Pub
    TAKE REFUGE Celebrating 100 Years of Threatened and Endangered Species Protection Through the National Wildlife Refuge System TAKE REFUGE Celebrating 100 Years of Threatened and Endangered Species Protection Through the National Wildlife Refuge System The State Public Interest Research Groups U.S. PIRG Education Fund March 2003 Written and designed by: Shannon Ryan, U.S. PIRG Education Fund For more information: Shannon Ryan U.S. Public Interest Research Group Education Fund 218 D Street, SE, Washington, DC 20003 Copies of this report may be ordered by sending a check or money order for $35.00 to: U.S. PIRG, 218 D Street, SE, Washington, DC 20003 The author would like to thank the following people: Alison Cassady and Tiernan Sittenfeld for research and writing assistance; Alicia Supernavage for production assistance; and refuge staff at Sauta Cave NWR, Buenos Aires NWR, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay NWR, Archie Carr NWR, Ash Meadows NWR, Nestucca Bay NWR, Attwater Prairie Chicken NWR, and James River NWR for their time and expertise. Production of this report would not have been possible without funding from: Center for Biological Diversity Defenders of Wildlife National Wildlife Federation Sierra Club PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Pages 11 & 12: Turtle tracks, Archie Carr NWR (background), Friends of the Carr Refuge. Cover & Back Cover: Lange’s metalmark butterfly, USFWS/David Wright; salt marsh bird’s beak, ©Thomas Oberbauer; sandhill crane, USFWS/D.D. Iwurst; Pages 13 & 14: Crystal Spring, Ash Meadows NWR (background), The Mason Neck NWR (background), Mason Neck Canoe and Kayak. American Southwest. Acknowledgements & Table of Contents: Balcones Canyonlands NWR Pages 15 & 16: Nestucca Bay NWR (background), USFWS/David Pitkin.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Fish Spawning and Migration Periods
    Freshwater Fish Spawning and Migration Periods Prepared for Ministry for Primary Industries November 2014 Prepared by: Josh Smith For any information regarding this report please contact: Josh Smith Freshwater Fish Technician Freshwater & Estuaries Phone +64 07 8567026 [email protected] National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd Gate 10 Silverdale Road Hillcrest, Hamilton 3216 PO Box 11115, Hillcrest Hamilton 3251 New Zealand Phone +64 07 8567026 NIWA CLIENT REPORT No: HAM2014-101 Report date: November 2014 NIWA Project: MPI15202 ISBN 978-0-473-32827-6 © All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or copied in any form without the permission of the copyright owner(s). Such permission is only to be given in accordance with the terms of the client’s contract with NIWA. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system. Whilst NIWA has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information contained in this document is accurate, NIWA does not give any express or implied warranty as to the completeness of the information contained herein, or that it will be suitable for any purpose(s) other than those specifically contemplated during the Project or agreed by NIWA and the Client. Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................... 6 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Native Trees Provide Habitat for Native Hawaiian Forest Birds
    NON-NATIVE TREES PROVIDE HABITAT FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN FOREST BIRDS By Peter J. Motyka A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Biology Northern Arizona University December 2016 Approved: Jeffrey T. Foster, Ph.D., Co-chair Tad C. Theimer, Ph. D., Co-chair Carol L. Chambers, Ph. D. ABSTRACT NON-NATIVE TREES PROVIDE HABITAT FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN FOREST BIRDS PETER J. MOTYKA On the Hawaiian island of Maui, native forest birds occupy an area dominated by non- native plants that offers refuge from climate-limited diseases that threaten the birds’ persistence. This study documented the status of the bird populations and their ecology in this novel habitat. Using point-transect distance sampling, I surveyed for birds over five periods in 2013-2014 at 123 stations across the 20 km² Kula Forest Reserve (KFR). I documented abundance and densities for four native bird species: Maui ‘alauahio (Paroreomyza montana), ʻiʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea), ʻapapane (Himatione sanguinea), and Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi, (Chlorodrepanis virens), and three introduced bird species: Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonicas), red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), and house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus). I found that 1) native forest birds were as abundant as non-natives, 2) densities of native forest birds in the KFR were similar to those found in native forests, 3) native forest birds showed varying dependence on the structure of the habitats, with ʻiʻiwi and ‘alauahio densities 20 and 30 times greater in forest than in scrub, 4) Maui ‘alauahio foraged most often in non-native cape wattle, eucalyptus, and tropical ash, and nested most often in non-native Monterey cypress, Monterey pine, and eucalyptus.
    [Show full text]
  • Aha Kau Kānāwai Legislative Testimony SB167 SD1 HD1 RELATING to the STATE PLAN Ke Kōmike Hale O Ke
    ʻŌlelo Hōʻike ʻAha Kau Kānāwai Legislative Testimony SB167 SD1 HD1 RELATING TO THE STATE PLAN Ke Kōmike Hale o ke Ikehu a me ka Hoʻomalu Ao Kūlohelohe House Committee on Energy & Environmental Protection Malaki 23, 2021 10:00 a.m. Lumi 325 The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) SUPPORTS SB167 SD1 HD1, which seeks to improve the quality of life for Hawaiʻi residents by amending the State Planning Act to establish green infrastructure objectives and policies for state facilities. OHA supports the green infrastructure policies and principles reflected in this measure, and deeply appreciates the recent amendments to this bill that would better ensure the inclusion and integration of Hawaiian plants1 that reflect Hawaiʻi’s unique cultural and ecological heritage in the use of green infrastructure for state facility systems. Native Hawaiian culture is intimately tied to the land and its resources. Historically, each island, moku, and ahupuaʻa supported varied and diverse plant life. Such plants were and continue to be essential to perpetuating place-based Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices, as well as Native Hawaiian traditional knowledge. The connection between Native Hawaiian culture and Hawaiʻi’s plant life is also evident in other forms: from place names based on regional flora (e.g., ʻAiea, Hauʻula, Kapālama), to moʻolelo (e.g., ʻŌhiʻa and Lehua), chants (e.g., the Kumulipo), and hula relating to and inspired by Hawaiian plants. Accordingly, the increased presence of Hawaiian plants in the development of “green infrastructure” projects can help ensure that our cultural heritage is reflected in our public spaces, educating both residents and visitors as to the value and significance of our islands’ flora while also providing the environmental and health benefits realized from such projects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationships of the Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Drepaninini) As Indicated by Dna-Dna Hybridization
    THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS (DREPANININI) AS INDICATED BY DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION CH^RrES G. SIBLEY AND Jo• E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--Twenty-twospecies of Hawaiian honeycreepers(Fringillidae: Carduelinae: Drepaninini) are known. Their relationshipsto other groups of passefineswere examined by comparing the single-copyDNA sequencesof the Apapane (Himationesanguinea) with those of 5 speciesof carduelinefinches, 1 speciesof Fringilla, 15 speciesof New World nine- primaried oscines(Cardinalini, Emberizini, Thraupini, Parulini, Icterini), and members of 6 other families of oscines(Turdidae, Monarchidae, Dicaeidae, Sylviidae, Vireonidae, Cor- vidae). The DNA-DNA hybridization data support other evidence indicating that the Hawaiian honeycreepersshared a more recent common ancestorwith the cardue!ine finches than with any of the other groupsstudied and indicate that this divergenceoccurred in the mid-Miocene, 15-20 million yr ago. The colonizationof the Hawaiian Islandsby the ancestralspecies that radiated to produce the Hawaiian honeycreeperscould have occurredat any time between 20 and 5 million yr ago. Becausethe honeycreeperscaptured so many ecologicalniches, however, it seemslikely that their ancestor was the first passefine to become established in the islands and that it arrived there at the time of, or soon after, its separationfrom the carduelinelineage. If so, this colonist arrived before the present islands from Hawaii to French Frigate Shoal were formed by the volcanic"hot-spot" now under the island of Hawaii. Therefore,the ancestral drepaninine may have colonizedone or more of the older Hawaiian Islandsand/or Emperor Seamounts,which also were formed over the "hot-spot" and which reachedtheir present positions as the result of tectonic crustal movement.
    [Show full text]