DOCSLIB.ORG

Also at This Time, on the Second of Shawwal/12 June the Men of Pashah-I for No Reason Raised Their Heads Through the Collar Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Also at This Time, on the Second of Shawwal/12 June the Men of Pashah-I for No Reason Raised Their Heads Through the Collar Of 102 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” The Events of the Year One Thousand Three Hundred and Nine Lunar Hijri, Corresponding to the Twelfth Year of the Awe-inspiring and Mighty Reign of His Highness Amir fiAbd al-Rahman Khan On the first day of Muharram/7 August 1891, A. W. Walsh and F. A. Martin, two English representatives of Mr. Thompson of the Ikwan (ˆkw�n) Acorn?) Martin-Walsh-Lovett Company arrived in Kabul at the request of the government—mentioned above under the events of 1308—were received in audience, and it was agreed that they would take charge of Afghanistan trade goods in lapis lazuli from the Badakhshan mine, wool (pashm), rubies (y�qüt), and hard woods (chub-i archah)1 and nashtar (?) wood from the mountains of Jalalabad, as well as other trade goods. Of every one hundred rupees net fetched by the company for these goods, five rupees would be paid in cash to officials of the government as its profit. This contract and other terms were signed, a written document was drafted, they received permission to leave, and the two men went (back) to India. In the end, as was already indicated, the agreement led to loss, no profit was forthcoming, and commercial ties with that company were severed. From this point on, the trade goods of Afghanistan which belonged to the government were exported from the kingdom without [the use of] foreign middlemen. A Solicitous Manshur is Issued to the Hazarah Leaders Who Were Fortunate To Be The First (of the Hazarah Leaders) to Present Themselves Before Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan Also during these days, through a letter from Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan, it came to royal comprehension that some Hazarah leaders of the unpacified areas (y�ghist�n) like those of Hajaristan and some of those from Uruzgan and other places had come to offer their submission to the sardar without putting up a fight and as a result of the letters of counsel which His Majesty had issued in their names on the thirteenth of Zi’l-Hijjah of the previous year. So His Majesty, on the eighth of Muharram/14 August wrote the following words and sent them to those men: To the sincerity-showing minds of the people of the Hazarahjat who have come and are coming in peace to Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan and have made evident their friendship and obedience to me who is their padishah and their sovereign may it be absolutely clear that I ask of the Lord of the World that having taken the path of obedience in truth and sincerity, no signs of duplicity or hostility should appear on the face of the situation of all of you people, and as long as I live, I will view you with the eyes of love and kindness. After me, my children 1 RM: Afghani Nawis says “a kind of wood from which utensils (asb�b) are made” possibly cypress? 103 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” and grandchildren will be your close friends just like me. Now that you have presented yourselves and continue to present yourselves before Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan in peace and obedience, I had ordered him, before sending out this farman, to disarm you of your rifles and keep them in escrow (am�nat). /735/ He was not [ordered] to take your side arms, such as swords, daggers, and knives but to let you keep them. This is because if rifles are not confiscated it would be necessary, after the army has passed through, to leave either a few or many soldiers of the regular army behind in every place while the rest advanced. You would be unhappy and resentful if soldiers were billeted in every village and town. I don’t want to make you unhappy and resentful nor do I want to scatter the army around, for even though, through the grace of God, the army is large, still, breaking it up and scattering it about would be difficult for me to do and unpalatable to you and a cause of distress and harm. With this concern in mind, I ordered that your rifles would be confiscated and kept in escrow and then once affairs have all been settled and well-organized, they would be given back to you. This confiscation of your rifles and holding them in escrowwill last until the business of the Hazarahjat has been completely resolved. Afterwards, you may collect your rifles. The test of your friendship and sincerity was that you came to Sardar fiAbd al- Quddus Khan peacefully and now you must hand over your guns because you are firm friends, not enemies whose rifles are not going to be returned. After several days during which peace of mind is obtained about you, then those rifles are yours, because why wouldn’t a gun be entrusted to a servant, friend, and subject of the government? Moreover, if during that period, you should suffer any loss of weapons, gunpowder, and lead, it will be necessary for me to make it all good. And if in fact, it should be unpalatable and impossible for you to hand over your rifles, that would have to introduce suspicion into my heart about your friendship and obedience. There is no place in the business of government for suspicion and doubt. Whatever there is [in the business of government] should be clear, straightforward, and unambiguous. I have written this so that you know that I have a use for you people and am putting your rifles in escrow and will give them back to you. There’s no other agenda [on my part] and nothing else to say. So don’t worry. The end. Thanks to this solicitous letter and the earlier advisory letters which had arrived, as well as to the distribution of khilfiats and the giving of reassurances by Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan, all the people of the Haz�rah-i y�ghistan, by the example of those who had gone first, were imbued with the hope of royal favors, and the people of Hajaristan and Sih Pay of Hazarah-i Day Zangi as well as all others who up until this time had gone into the wasteland of opposition and hypocrisy now began coming to see Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan. They Sir�j al-taw�rıkh volume three 1309/1891–1892 104 were given reassurances and then returned home. The sardar assigned Ghulam fiAli Khan Hazarah and his son Muhammad Nabi Khan, along with the sons of Jars fiAli Khan Malistani, to supply the tribal force with provisions and ordered them to go with the force and its provisions to Zawuli whose people had not submitted as required after Colonel Farhad Khan marched through there. So once again they headed for Zawuli district and were en route when fiAli Naqi Sultan, Shah Muhammad Yusuf Beg, fiAli Akbar Beg, fiAli Muhammad Beg, and fiAbbas Beg, (all) the chiefs and leaders of Uruzgan except for the leaders of Darrah-i Pahlawan who—as was mentioned above—had come to Kabul and been placed under house arrest, as well as Kalb Husayn Khan, fiAli Shifa Beg, Bakhsh fiAli Beg, Shayr fiAli Beg, Muhammad fiAziz Beg, and the notables and heads of the people of Sultan Ahmad together wrote a letter expressing their obedience and submission and sent it to the throne by the hand of Sayyid Husayn the son of Sayyid fiAta Muhammad, one of the sayyids of Uruzgan. His Majesty referred their affairs to Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan and gave their emissary permission to return home. During this time, nine wild men of Uruzgan who were ignorant of royal power and might sent Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan a letter which said: With the help of the five members of the ‘family of the cloak’ (�l-i fiab�), [the ahl al-bayt, i.e. the family of the Prophet], we humble people consider ourselves the ‘government of the five’ [lit: the “fifth government”] and with the aid of the King of Saints [fiAli b. Abi Talib] we will make the fame of this ‘government of the five’ echo throughout the world and will never place the command of the padishah of the Afghans on our necks. He forwarded this letter on to the throne and from His Majesty a letter was sent which told him to seize these nine stupid and despicable men with their absurd remarks, whether they come peacefully or not, make them repent and disavow their unworthy words, and give them the punishment they deserve. He also wrote these two quatrains describing the situation of those nine wild men: We nine who are brothers of the cloak/ the sea and the sun are our heart and mind, If the wheel (of fortune) should not turn for our success/then we will break the wheel and change reality. And when they are beaten down, exhausted, and done in, they will say; We nine who are brothers of the cloak/we suffer from famine and want If the shah of the world does not provide for us/we are poverty-stricken and utterly destitute. As required, Sardar fiAbd al-Quddus Khan set in order and rationalized the 105 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” affairs of a number of polaces such as the Hajaristan district and Sih Pay of Day Zangi, confiscated all their firearms and despite the fact that His Majesty had written that these would be held in escrow /736/ and then returned to them after matters had been resolved, since he was in the midst of things and did not see this as being in the best interests of the government, he had the weapons collected by agents deputized by Colonel Farhad Khan and by the leaders of the Afghan nomadic tribe of the Mulla Khayl who had suffered at the hands of the Hazarahs and whose hearts were filled with resentment and then sent the weapons to Kabul.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today
    Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today Ercan Karakoç Abstract After initiation of the glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) policies in the USSR by Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union started to crumble, and old, forgotten, suppressed problems especially regarding territorial claims between Azerbaijanis and Armenians reemerged. Although Mountainous (Nagorno) Karabakh is officially part of Azerbaijan Republic, after fierce and bloody clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, the entire Nagorno Karabakh region and seven additional surrounding districts of Lachin, Kelbajar, Agdam, Jabrail, Fizuli, Khubadly and Zengilan, it means over 20 per cent of Azerbaijan, were occupied by Armenians, and because of serious war situations, many Azerbaijanis living in these areas had to migrate from their homeland to Azerbaijan and they have been living under miserable conditions since the early 1990s. Keywords: Karabakh, Caucasia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Russia and Soviet Union Assistant Professor of Modern Turkish History, Yıldız Technical University, [email protected] 1003 Karakoç, E. (2011). A Brief Overview on Karabakh History from Past to Today. International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 8:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en Geçmişten günümüze Karabağ tarihi üzerine bir değerlendirme Ercan Karakoç Özet Mihail Gorbaçov tarafından başlatılan glasnost (açıklık) ve perestroyka (yeniden inşa) politikalarından sonra Sovyetler Birliği parçalanma sürecine girdi ve birlik coğrafyasındaki unutulmuş ve bastırılmış olan eski problemler, özellikle Azerbaycan Türkleri ve Ermeniler arasındaki sınır sorunları yeniden gün yüzüne çıktı. Bu bağlamda, hukuken Azerbaycan devletinin bir parçası olan Dağlık Karabağ bölgesi ve çevresindeki Laçin, Kelbecer, Cebrail, Agdam, Fizuli, Zengilan ve Kubatlı gibi yedi semt, yani yaklaşık olarak Azerbaycan‟ın yüzde yirmiye yakın toprağı, her iki toplum arasındaki şiddetli ve kanlı çarpışmalardan sonra Ermeniler tarafından işgal edildi.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi
    Official Digitized Version by Victoria Arakelova; with errata fixed from the print edition ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI YEREVAN SERIES FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES Edited by Garnik S. Asatrian Vol.1 SIAVASH LORNEJAD ALI DOOSTZADEH ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies Yerevan 2012 Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi Guest Editor of the Volume Victoria Arakelova The monograph examines several anachronisms, misinterpretations and outright distortions related to the great Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi, that have been introduced since the USSR campaign for Nezami‖s 800th anniversary in the 1930s and 1940s. The authors of the monograph provide a critical analysis of both the arguments and terms put forward primarily by Soviet Oriental school, and those introduced in modern nationalistic writings, which misrepresent the background and cultural heritage of Nezami. Outright forgeries, including those about an alleged Turkish Divan by Nezami Ganjavi and falsified verses first published in Azerbaijan SSR, which have found their way into Persian publications, are also in the focus of the authors‖ attention. An important contribution of the book is that it highlights three rare and previously neglected historical sources with regards to the population of Arran and Azerbaijan, which provide information on the social conditions and ethnography of the urban Iranian Muslim population of the area and are indispensable for serious study of the Persian literature and Iranian culture of the period. ISBN 978-99930-69-74-4 The first print of the book was published by the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a Historical Sketch George Passman Tate
    University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1911 The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch George Passman Tate Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the History Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tate, George Passman The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch, with an introductory note by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand. Bombay: "Times of India" Offices, 1911. 224 p., maps This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tate, G,P. The kfn&ean sf Af&mistan, DATE DUE I Mil 7 (7'8 DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, HIS EXCELLENCY BARON HARDINGE OF PENSHURST. VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, .a- . (/. BY m HIS OBEDIENT, SERVANT THE AUTHOR. il.IEmtev 01 the Asiniic Society, Be?zg-nl, S?~rueyof I~din. dafhor of 'I Seisinqz : A Menzoir on the FJisio~y,Topo~rcrphj~, A7zliquiiies, (112d Peo$Ie of the Cozi?zt~y''; The F/.o?zlic7,.~ of Baluchisia'nn : Travels on ihe Border.? of Pe~szk n?zd Akhnnistnn " ; " ICalnf : A lMe??zoir on t7ze Cozl7~try and Fnrrzily of the Ahntadsai Khn7zs of Iinlnt" ; 4 ec. \ViTkI AN INrPR<dl>kJCTOl2Y NO'FE PRINTED BY BENNETT COLEMAN & Co., Xc. PUBLISHED AT THE " TIMES OF INDIA" OFFTCES, BOMBAY & C.1LCUTT-4, LONDON AGENCY : gg, SI-IOE LANE, E.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkomans Between Two Empires
    TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) A Ph.D. Dissertation by RIZA YILDIRIM Department of History Bilkent University Ankara February 2008 To Sufis of Lāhijan TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by RIZA YILDIRIM In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA February 2008 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Oktay Özel Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Halil Đnalcık Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yaşar Ocak Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Evgeni Radushev Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History.
    [Show full text]
  • Being Persian in Late Mamluk Egypt: the Construction and Significance of Persian Ethnic Identity in the Salons of Sultan Qāniṣawh Al-Ghawrī (R
    Being Persian in Late Mamluk Egypt: The Construction and Significance of Persian Ethnic Identity in the Salons of Sultan Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī (r. 906–922/1501–1516)* CHRISTIAN MAUDER University of Bergen ([email protected]) Abstract People identified as Persians constituted one of the most prominent groups of nonlocal inhabitants in Mamluk Egypt, and earlier scholarship has paid considerable attention to Egyptian-Persian relations. Nevertheless, the determining factors that made someone Persian in Mamluk Egyptian contexts remain poorly understood. Accounts of the majālis, or learned salons, convened by the penultimate Mamluk Sultan Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī (r. 906–922/1501–1516) offer a unique opportunity to examine which factors, agents, and motivations were decisive in the construction of what it meant to be Persian during the late Mamluk period. An examination of these sources demonstrates that language, cultural capital, and region of origin were the most important elements in the process of Persian identity construction at al-Ghawrī’s court. The key actors in this process were persons who identified themselves as Persians and sought to make strategic use of the benefits their identity could entail within the patronage context of al-Ghawrī’s court. In contrast to what is known about other ethnic identities within the Mamluk Sultanate, neither persons who identified as Persians nor their local interlocutors considered ancestry a defining factor of being Persian. Introduction At the beginning of an article entitled “Pharaonic History in Medieval Egypt,” published in 1983, Michael Cook asked whether there was something that could be considered an * An earlier version of this article, written with the support of the German National Academic Foundation, was presented at the Second Conference of the School of Mamluk Studies in Liège, Belgium, in June 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 the States of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kïpchak
    ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1 The Oghuz 3 THE STATES OF THE OGHUZ, THE KIMEK AND THE KÏPCHAK* S. G. Agajanov Contents The Oghuz ........................................ 66 The Kimek ....................................... 74 The Kïpchak ....................................... 77 The Oghuz During the ninth and tenth centuries, the nomadic Turkic Oghuz tribes formed a principal- ity on the middle and lower reaches of the Syr Darya (Jaxartes), in the Aral Sea region and the area of the northern Caspian. There are a number of obscure points in the history of the formation of the Oghuz people and principality in western Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The late S. P. Tolstov considered the home of the Oghuz to be the deserts and steppes of the Aral Sea region. In his view, they had lived there in ancient times before migrating from western to eastern Central Asia.1 In spite of its originality, however, this viewpoint did not gain general acceptance. Research in recent decades points to the conclusion that the Oghuz in western Central Asia originally came from the eastern T’ien Shan region. Oghuz historical tales relate that the headquarters of their supreme ruler or leader was at one time situated on the shores of Lake Issyk-kül. According to different versions of this legend, there was strife among the Oghuz caused by the hostile relations between their ruler and his son, Oghuz Khan. In his * See Maps 1 and 2. 1 Tolstov, 1948. 66 ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1 The Oghuz account of this old legend, the Persian historian Rash¯ıd al-D¯ın, who lived at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth century, wrote that after a lengthy struggle, Oghuz Khan seized his father’s lands in the district of Talas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reasons for Drawing Attention to Western Iran (Kermanshah Province) During the Second Half of Sassanian Era
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences May 2013, Vol. 3, No. 5 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Reasons for Drawing Attention to Western Iran (Kermanshah Province) During the Second Half of Sassanian Era Glareh Amiri Kermanshah , Hafez settlements Email: [email protected] Abstract Historically, Iran plateau has nurtured different cultures and due to its natural and geographical characteristics, has linked east cultures to Mesopotamia, so that the civilizations related to this plateau have served considerably humanity for a period of 1000 years. Among these cultures, the ones related to the western part of Iran plateau would play significant roles. Zagros foothills which have stretched from northern to the southern west are replete with green and affluent valleys with a distinguished position for the establishment of various cultures since ancient times. Kermanshah as a region located in such western parts draw the attention of Sassanid kings at the last years of fourth century (AD) (the second half of Sasanian kingdom), and Fars province became secondary to Sassanid s. Kermanshah in this period was a part of Mai or Mad located in Koust Khourbaran area, and later this region was called Kermanshah covering lands from Nahavand to Ctesiphon.There are several reasons to Sassanid kings attention in the second half of the Sassanid era to the western parts of Iran including military factors, religious beliefs, good weather, the existence of Khorasan wide road (Silk Road), tendency to gaining independence from religious centers and also commercial and economic factors. This paper, using historical documents and data and applying historical research techniques, attempts to investigate the geographical and political situation of the central Zagros region and the reasons for Sassanid kings attention to this region.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Inner Asia
    This page intentionally left blank A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Geographically and historically Inner Asia is a confusing area which is much in need of interpretation.Svat Soucek’s book offers a short and accessible introduction to the history of the region.The narrative, which begins with the arrival of Islam, proceeds chrono- logically, charting the rise and fall of the changing dynasties, the Russian conquest of Central Asia and the fall of the Soviet Union. Dynastic tables and maps augment and elucidate the text.The con- temporary focus rests on the seven countries which make up the core of present-day Eurasia, that is Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Sinkiang, and Mongolia. Since 1991, there has been renewed interest in these countries which has prompted considerable political, cultural, economic, and religious debate.While a vast and divergent literature has evolved in consequence, no short survey of the region has been attempted. Soucek’s history of Inner Asia promises to fill this gap and to become an indispensable source of information for anyone study- ing or visiting the area. is a bibliographer at Princeton University Library. He has worked as Central Asia bibliographer at Columbia University, New York Public Library, and at the University of Michigan, and has published numerous related articles in The Journal of Turkish Studies, The Encyclopedia of Islam, and The Dictionary of the Middle Ages. A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Princeton University Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521651691 © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate in Medieval Central Eurasia
    Climate in Medieval Central Eurasia Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Henry Misa Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2020 Thesis Committee Scott C. Levi, Advisor John L. Brooke 1 Copyrighted by Henry Ray Misa 2020 2 Abstract This thesis argues that the methodology of environmental history, specifically climate history, can help reinterpret the economic and political history of Central Eurasia. The introduction reviews the scholarly fields of Central Eurasian history, Environmental history and, in brief, Central Eurasian Environmental history. Section one introduces the methods of climate history and discusses the broad outlines of Central Eurasian climate in the late Holocene. Section two analyzes the rise of the Khitan and Tangut dynasties in their climatic contexts, demonstrating how they impacted Central Eurasia during this period. Section three discusses the sedentary empires of the Samanid and Ghaznavid dynasties in the context of the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Section four discusses the rise of the first Islamic Turkic empires during the late 10th and 11th century. Section five discusses the Qarakhitai and the Jurchen in the 12th century in the context of the transitional climate regime between the Medieval Quiet Period and the early Little Ice Age. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and their implications for the study of Central Eurasian Climate History. This thesis discusses both long-term and short-term time scales; in many cases small-scale political changes and complexities impacted how the long-term patterns of climate change impacted regional economies.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples
    INNER ASIA �9 (�0�7) �97–�39 Inner ASIA brill.com/inas A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples Joo-Yup Lee University of Toronto [email protected] Shuntu Kuang University of Toronto [email protected] Abstract In the past 10 years, geneticists have investigated the genetic variation of modern Turkic populations as well as ancient DNA of the Xiongnu and others. The accumu- lated findings of these surveys, however, have not been adequately noted by specialists in Inner Asian history. In order to fill this gap, we conducted a comparative analy- sis of textual information and genetic survey data on the early and medieval Turkic peoples. First, we examined the information on the origins, identity, and physiognomy of the early and medieval Turkic peoples contained in the Chinese Standard Histories (zhengshi 正史). We then discussed how the findings of genetic surveys complement the textual information. Both Chinese histories and modern DNA studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous popula- tions. The Turkicisation of central and western Eurasia was not the product of migra- tions involving a homogeneous entity, but that of language diffusion. Keywords Turkic peoples – Chinese Standard Histories – Y-DNA haplogroup – Turkicization – physiognomy © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi �0.��63/���050�8-��340089Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 07:15:16AM via free access 198 Lee and Kuang Introduction In the past 10–15 years, geneticists have traced the genetic origins of various human populations by studying their paternally inherited Y-chromosomes and maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA.1 In the process, geneticists have also investigated the genetic variation of modern Inner Asian populations (Wells et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. XIV, No. 4 April, 2007
    View from the Fringe Newsletter of the New England Rug Society Vol. XIV, No. 4 April 2007 www.ne-rugsociety.org April Meeting: Tom Hannaher on Budget Collecting On April 13, NERS members are invited to attend a joint meeting of the Armenian Library and Museum of April Meeting Details America and the New England Rug Society at which Date: Friday, April 13 textile collector and NERS member Tom Hannaher will Time: 7:30PM present a talk on how to collect esthetically-significant textiles and rugs on a limited budget. Place: Armenian Library and Museum, A self-employed entrepreneurial veteran of New 65 Main Street, Watertown England’s high-tech audio business, Tom has for years Directions: been a collector of ethnographic textiles. Describing Go to Watertown Square (out-of-towners, get off the how he became interested in the field, he said, “At first I Mass Pike at exit 17 and follow the signs.) Take was fascinated with oriental rugs but quickly realized I Main Street (Rte. 20) westbound (left turn if coming could not afford the high prices that the best pieces were from the Pike). The first light is Church Street, and bringing in the marketplace. So I started looking a bit the Museum is on the righthand corner. farther and discovered that there were wide-ranging Parking: opportunities to purchase important ethnographic textile Go right on Church Street and into the municipal lot art at much lower prices simply because their categories on the right. Most meters are free after 6PM, but hadn’t been ‘discovered’ yet.” check to make sure! Tom’s present collecting efforts are concentrated in the category of pre-Columbian textiles of the Andean talk.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Kingship Among the Peoples of the Steppes1 by K
    Sacred Kingship among the Peoples of the Steppes1 by K. Czeglédy2 The study of the institution of sacred kingship was greatly advanced by the Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions (Rome, 1955), which was dedicated to this theme.3 The many contributions enriched our knowledge of sacred kingship in every way, but in my opinion, the most important aspect of these contributions is that they allow us to pursue a new, comparative study of this phenomenon. Several terminological difficulties, however, stand in the way of such a comparative approach. The comprehensive, phenomenological material of the Congress was extremely heterogenous, and it quickly became clear that further progress would first require a clarification of terms. Such a move towards clarity was made by the Dutch scholar Th. P. van Baaren, who argued convincingly that in order to clarify the notion of "sacred kingship" we should return to the original Frazerian terminology.4 This would mean that the only sacred kingships are those in which 1) after his ascension to the throne the king is treated as a divinity on earth; 2) the king rules his people with divine power; 3) the king is accountable for order in the cosmos; and 4) the life and death of the king have cosmic significance. The death of the king has a representative character, and just as in the case of the demi-gods of pre-history, the dying of the king becomes a fountain of life for his entire people. It is obvious that there are only a few cases in which all of these criteria are met.
    [Show full text]