The Deeds of Count Roger Duke Robert Guiscard
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The Glories of Norman Sicily Betty Main, SRC
The Glories of Norman Sicily Betty Main, SRC The Norman Palace in Palermo, Sicily. As Rosicrucians, we are taught to be they would start a crusade to “rescue” tolerant of others’ views and beliefs. We southern Italy from the Byzantine Empire have brothers and sisters of like mind and the Greek Orthodox Church, and throughout the world, of every race and restore it to the Church of Rome. As they religion. The history of humankind has were few in number, they decided to return often demonstrated the worst human to Normandy, recruit more followers, aspects, but from time to time, in what and return the following year. Thus the seemed like a sea of barbarism, there Normans started to arrive in the region, appeared periods of calm and civilisation. which was to become the hunting ground The era we call the Dark Ages in Europe, for Norman knights and others anxious was not quite as “dark” as may be imagined. for land and booty. At first they arrived as There were some parts of the Western individuals and in small groups, but soon world where the light shone like a beacon. they came flooding in as mercenaries, to This is the story of one of them. indulge in warfare and brigandage. Their Viking ways had clearly not been entirely It all started in the year 1016, when forgotten. a group of Norman pilgrims visited the shrine of St. Michael on the Monte Robert Guiscard and Gargano in southern Italy. After the Roger de Hauteville “pilgrims” had surveyed the fertile lands One of them, Robert Guiscard, of Apulia lying spread out before them, having established his ascendancy over the promising boundless opportunities for south of Italy, acquired from the papacy, making their fortunes, they decided that the title of Duke of Naples, Apulia, Page 1 Calabria, and Sicily. -
Cry Havoc Règles Fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 Guiscarduiscard
maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 Guiscarduiscard HISTORY & SCENARIOS maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page2 © Buxeria & Historic’One éditions - 2014 - v1.1 maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 History Normans in Southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th Century 1 - The historical context 1.1 - Southern Italy and Sicily at the beginning of the 11th Century Byzantium had conquered Southern Italy and Sicily in the first half of the 6th century. But by the end of that century, Lombards coming from Northern Italy had conquered most of the peninsula, with Byzantium retaining only Calabria and Sicily. From the middle of the 9th century, the Aghlabid Dynasty of Ifrîquya (the original name of Eastern Maghreb) raided Sicily to take possession of the island. A new Byzantine offensive at the end of the century took back most of the lost territories in Apulia and Calabria and established Bari as the new provincial capital. Lombard territories further north were broken down between three cities led by princes: Capua, Salerno, and Benevento. Further east, Italian duchies of Naples, Amalfi, and Gaeta tried to keep their autonomy through successive alliances with the various regional powers to try and maintain their commercial interests. Ethnic struggles in Sicily between Arabs and Berbers on the one side, and various dynasties on the other side, led to power fragmentation: The island is divided between four rival military factions at the beginning of the 11th century. Beyond its natural boundaries, Southern Italy had to cope with two external powers which were looking to expel Byzantium from what they considered was part of their area of influence: the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire. -
Normans and the Papacy
Normans and the Papacy A micro history of the years 1053-1059 Marloes Buimer S4787234 Radboud University January 15th, 2019 Dr. S. Meeder Radboud University SCRSEM1 V NORMAN2 NOUN • 1 member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.1 1 English Oxford living dictionaries, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/norman> [consulted on the 19th of January 2018]. Index INDEX 1 PREFACE 3 ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF PEOPLE 7 CHAPTER 1: STATUS QUAESTIONIS 9 CHAPTER 2: BATTLE AT CIVITATE 1000-1053 15 CHAPTER 3: SCHISM 1054 25 CHAPTER 4: PEACE IN ITALY 1055-1059 35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 1 2 Preface During my pre-master program at the Radboud University, I decided to write my bachelor thesis about the Vikings Rollo, Guthrum and Rörik. Thanks to that thesis, my interest for medieval history grew and I decided to start the master Eternal Rome. That thesis also made me more enthusiastic about the history of the Vikings, and especially the Vikings who entered the Mediterranean. In the History Channel series Vikings, Björn Ironside decides to go towards the Mediterranean, and I was wondering in what why this affected the status of Vikings. While reading literature about this conquest, there was not a clear matter to investigate. Continuing reading, the matter of the Normans who settled in Italy came across. The literature made it clear, on some levels, why the Normans came to Italy. -
ROGER II of SICILY a Ruler Between East and West
. ROGER II OF SICILY A ruler between east and west . HUBERT HOUBEN Translated by Graham A. Loud and Diane Milburn published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org Originally published in German as Roger II. von Sizilien by Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1997 and C Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1997 First published in English by Cambridge University Press 2002 as Roger II of Sicily English translation C Cambridge University Press 2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Bembo 10/11.5 pt. System LATEX 2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Houben, Hubert. [Roger II. von Sizilien. English] Roger II of Sicily: a ruler between east and west / Hubert Houben; translated by Graham A. Loud and Diane Milburn. p. cm. Translation of: Roger II. von Sizilien. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0 521 65208 1 (hardback) isbn 0 521 65573 0 (paperback) 1. Roger II, King of Sicily, d. -
Defining and Perceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy" (2011)
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2011 "Videbantur Gens Effera": Defining and erP ceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy Jesse Hysell Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Hysell, Jesse, ""Videbantur Gens Effera": Defining and Perceiving Peoples in the Chronicles of Norman Italy" (2011). Master's Theses. 394. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/394 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "VIDEBANTUR GENS EFFERA": DEFINING AND PERCEIVING PEOPLES IN THE CHRONICLES OF NORMAN ITALY by Jesse Hysell A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty ofThe Graduate College in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Degree of Master ofArts Department of History Advisor: Luigi Andrea Berto, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2011 "VIDEBANTUR GENS EFFERA": DEFINING AND PERCEIVING PEOPLES IN THE CHRONICLES OF NORMAN ITALY Jesse Hysell, M. A. Western Michigan University, 2011 The goal ofthis project is to analyze the ways different cultural groups in Sicily and southern Italy were depicted in a set ofhistorical texts associated with the Norman takeover ofthose regions in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. To achieve that aim, I consider social vocabulary applied to three distinct peoples (native Italians, Greeks, and Muslims) in five sources written by Amatus ofMontecassino, Geoffrey Malaterra, William ofApulia, Alexander ofTelese, and Hugo Falcandus. -
'Bohemond of Taranto's 1107-8 Campaign in Byzantine Illyria – Can
Theotokis, G. (2012) ‘Bohemond of Taranto’s 1107-8 campaign in Byzantine Illyria – can it be viewed as a Crusade?’. Rosetta 11: 72-81. http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk/Issue_11/theotokis.pdf Rosetta 11. http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk/issue_11/theotokis.pdf Bohemond of Taranto’s 1107-8 campaign in Byzantine Illyria – Can it be viewed as a Crusade? Georgios Theotokis University of Notre Dame On the 9th October 1107, Bohemond the Count of Taranto and eldest son of Duke Robert Guiscard, crossed the Adriatic Sea to attack the Byzantine Empire and besieged the Illyrian city-port of Dyrrachium for almost a year. Three years before, having been released from captivity by the Seljuks of Melitene, he had returned to his crusader principality of Antioch only to find his troops hard-pressed by the Byzantine Army. What followed was a decision that was to have a significant impact, not only on Norman-Byzantine relations, but also on the whole controversy between the Eastern and Western churches. Bohemond took the decision to return to Europe and raise an army for a new Crusade, this time not against the Muslims of the Holy Land, but rather in the words of Anna Comnena against the ‘pagan, who was helping pagans wholeheartedly’, the Emperor Alexius Comnenus. Bohemond’s expedition can be seen as an important and early example of a crusade’s manipulation towards political objectives against fellow Christians, anticipating by a century the deviation of the Fourth Crusade in 1204. This paper will address a number of issues: whether modern historians can characterise -
The Career of Robert Guiscard
The Career of Robert Guiscard http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/robertguiscard.htm The Career of Robert Guiscard, according to the Annales Lupi Protospatharii Robert Guiscard was one of several brothers who came to Italy from Normandy to work as mercenaries and gain their fortune. After arriving in Italy in 1046, he served in several campaigns before taking the place of his brother Humphrey as Duke of the Normans. His power steadily grew, as he became involved in the politics of both Italy and the Byzantine empire. His most famous victory came at the battle of Durazzo on October 1081 (in the text below, the battle is dated to 1082 at a place called Durres) where he defeated a Byzantine army. Robert Guiscard went to become the duke of Apulia and Calabria, and founded the Kingdom of the Two Sicily's. For more information on Robert Guiscard, please see this biography of him, and Rupert Willoughby's article, The Shock of the New (innovative lance charge leads to Norman victories) from History Today v.49 (1999). Annales Lupi Protospatharii was written in the city of Bari while it was capital of the Byzantine territories in Italy, and during the first few decades of the Norman domination (ca. 850 - ca. 1100). Along with the Annales barenses and the Anonymi barensis chronicon, this work has long been recognized as among the most important historical sources for the place and period. The Annales Lupi Protospatharii covers the period from 855 to 1102. Only those paragraphs related to Robert Guiscard's career are included below. -
Open THESIS SUBMISSION5.Pdf
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES ACCIDENT, OPPORTUNITY, AND FAMILY TIES: NORMAN "STATE-BUILDING" IN SOUTHERN ITALY 999-1085 SEAN C. SURFACE SPRING 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in History with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Kathryn Salzer Associate Professor of History Thesis Supervisor Michael Milligan Senior Lecturer in History Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT Accident, Opportunity, and Family Ties: Norman "State-Building" in Southern Italy 999- 1085 analyzes the slow and tumultuous takeover of southern Italy and Sicily by Norman immigrants in the eleventh century. Inheriting from their forebears in Normandy a uniquely flexible definition of kinship, these invaders were highly adaptable to the chaotic political landscape of Italy in the High Middle Ages. Entering the scene as mercenaries, pilgrims, and adventurers seeking glory, over the course of the eleventh century they became bandits, then landowners, then counts beneath the native rulers, and finally achieved the status of ducal powers. With no apparent plan leading to this conquest, and many signs that they were possessed of a peerless ability to take advantage of their neighbors' disorder, the Normans under the (in)famous Robert Guiscard and his family created a powerful duchy, and by the middle of the twelfth century the Kingdom of Sicily, which would exert considerable influence over the affairs of the great powers of the papacy, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Byzantine Empire throughout the Crusader Era. The translation of social values, particularly the role of kinship between the Norman rulers, and how these values affected the course of the conquest and its aftermath are the subject of this thesis. -
Alexander of Telese's Encomium of Capua and the Formation of The
The University of Manchester Research Alexander of Telese’s Encomium of Capua and the Formation of the Kingdom of Sicily DOI: 10.1111/1468-229X.12374 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Oldfield, P. (2017). Alexander of Telese’s Encomium of Capua and the Formation of the Kingdom of Sicily. History, 102(350), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-229X.12374 Published in: History Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:30. Sep. 2021 Alexander of Telese’s Encomium of Capua and the Formation of the Kingdom of Sicily1 Paul Oldfield (This article accepted for publication by History: The Journal of the Historical Association on 01/11/16) In 1130 Roger II Count of Sicily took the momentous step of claiming a novel royal title. -
What Was the Relationship Between Southern Italy and Sicily, Crusading and the Crusader States, C
What was the relationship between Southern Italy and Sicily, Crusading and the Crusader States, c. 1060-1198? Paula Z. Hailstone Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Degree 1 Declaration of authorship I, Paula Z Hailstone, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, that is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 26th September 2018 2 Abstract Despite the centrality of their geographical location in relation to routes to the East, the contribution of southern Italy and Sicily to the history of crusading and the crusader states (c. 1060-1198) has often only been recognised in passing. Historians have tended to focus upon either the development of the Italo-Norman states in southern Italy and Sicily, or on the crusades and their outcome in the Latin East. This thesis examines the interaction between these two different strands through an exploration of the role of identity. Building upon previous scholarship, it argues that an emergent Italo-Norman identity can be discerned in the actions and practices of the southern Italian contingent on the First Crusade and its aftermath. Different elements of identity were foregrounded by Bohemond et al for political purposes. A similar process of deliberate identification occurred following the creation of the kingdom of Sicily. Here, differences in the identities adopted on Sicily and the mainland were reflected in the subsequent political orientation of the two areas, with Sicily looking towards North Africa whilst the mainland continued to act as the principal conduit between the West and the Latin Near East. -
PROCEEDINGS of the BATTLE CONFERENCE 2004 Edited By
ANGLO-NORMAN STUDIES XXVII PROCEEDINGS OF THE BATTLE CONFERENCE 2004 Edited by John Gillingham THE BOYDELL PRESS NORMANDY AND NORMAN IDENTITY IN SOUTHERN ITALIAN CHRONICLES Ewan Johnson In Book Eleven of his Ecclesiastical History Orderic Vitalis records the feelings of Robert of Montfort, who was in Italy after fleeing Normandy in 1106, upon discov- ering the presence of others from the duchy in the entourage of Bohemond, prince of Antioch (1098-1111): `there to his joy [Robert] discovered some of his own fellow countrymen. Hugh of Le Puiset and Simon of Anet, Ralph of Pont-Echanfray and Walchelin his brother, and many others from North of the Alps were there with Bohemond'. ) The suggestion is that those Normans from north of the Alps formed a separate group of countrymen to those of Norman descent now based in the South. The suggestion is all the more striking because it talks of Robert's feelings, suggesting that he was comforted by the presence of those familiar to him whilst in a strange land, and uses language, the word compatriotas, which Orderic often used to denote not just that two or more individuals shared a place of residence or ethnic origin, but specifically that they felt friendship and obligations to one another as a result of these link-s.2 Orderic therefore suggests that Robert felt some sense of shared identity with those from north of the Alps, but not to those of Norman descent then living in Italy. 3 Orderic is not a writer often credited with drawing a distinction between the different parts of the Norman world: -
Theotokis, Georgios (2010) the Campaigns of the Norman Dukes of Southern Italy Against Byzantium, in the Years Between 1071 and 1108 AD
Theotokis, Georgios (2010) The campaigns of the Norman dukes of southern Italy against Byzantium, in the years between 1071 and 1108 AD. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1884/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the Author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The topic of my thesis is “The campaigns of the Norman dukes of southern Italy to Byzantium, in the years between 1071 and 1108 A.D.” As the title suggests, I am examining all the main campaigns conducted by the Normans against Byzantine provinces, in the period from the fall of Bari, the Byzantine capital of Apulia and the seat of the Byzantine governor (catepano) of Italy in 1071, to the Treaty of Devol that marked the end of Bohemond of Taranto’s Illyrian campaign in 1108. My thesis, however, aims to focus specifically on the military aspects of these confrontations, an area which for this period has been surprisingly neglected in the existing secondary literature. My intention is to give answers to a series of questions, of which