The American Genealogist (1976) Vo/.52, pp.23-26

23 THE HAUTEVILLE ANCESTRY

BY CHARLES F. H. EVANS, F.S.A.

The late Mr G. Andrews Moriarty in his as yet unpublished The Plantagenet Ancestry devotes folios 71 to 74 to the Haute­ ville family and their relations the Princes of Capua, and the Dukes of Naples and Spoleto; and folio 74 gives an expanded version of his account of the ancestry of Guy, Duke of Spo­ leto, Lay Abbot of Mettlach (d. 860), that appeared in NEHGR 107 (1953) 282-4. However, these particular tables rely hea­ vily on W. H. Turton [The Plantagenet Ancestry (1928)]; E. Ru­ bel (Ahnentafel RUbel-Blass (1939)], and E. Winkhaus [Ahnen zu Karl dem Grossen und Widukind (1950-53)]; and as all their ac­ counts of the Lombard and Norman rulers of this period in Ita­ ly have been largely superseded by the writings of Augusto Sanfelice di Monteforte [La prima famiglia di Guaimario IV, Principe di Salerno (l936);Richerche storico-critico-genea­ logiche (1947-62], which are not readily available, here follows an attempt partly based on Sanfelice to revise and amplify Moriarty's pedigrees, and suggest further lines of research, without in any way following up every ancestral line as far as possible as Moriarty does. According to Moriarty (fo. 71) Tancred d'Hauteville mar­ ried twice, and by one of his wives, both of unstated origin, was the father of Robert Guiscard, who in turn married twice. By his first wife Alberada, also of uncertain origin, Robert Guiscard was the father of Bohemond of Antioch, whose de­ scendants are well-known [see F. L. Weis, Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists (4th ed. 1969), Line 103]; and by his sec­ ond wife Sikelgaita of Salerno Robert Guiscard is presumed by Moriarty to have had a daughter Matilda, wife of Raymond Berenger II of Barcelona and ancestress of the Counts of Barcelona and Provence, and so of Eleanor of Provence, wife of King Henry III (Weis, op.cit. Line 111). Now Szabolcs de Vajay has shown in a pamphlet entirely devoted to the subject that the above Matilda was certainly the eldest of the six children of Robert Guiscard by his sec­ ond wife Sikelgaita [Mahaut de Pouille, comtesse de Barce­ lone et vicomtesse de Narbonne, dans le contexte social de son temps (1971)]. Matilda married first in 1078 Raymond Berenger II, Count of Barcelona, who was assassinated in 1082 leaving an only child Raymond Berenger III; and second­ ly in 1085 Aymeri I, Viscount of Narbonne, who died on cru­ sade in 1105 and by whom she had five children including a son Guiscard named after his famous grandfather. Matilda died in 1108. Sybille, the youngest child of Robert Guiscard by Sikel­ gaita, married Eble II de Roucy. Turton (op.cit. fo. 184) gives Ade, wife of Gaucher II de Chatillon (d. 1148), as Ade de Roucy, a granddaughter of Eble II and Sybille de Roucy; and Elizabeth Woodville, wife of King Edward IV, was cer­ tainly descended from Gaucher II and Ade de Chatillon. How­ ever, W. M. Newman [Les seigneurs de Nesle en Picardie 1 (1971) 190-2] has examined the problem of the identity of 24 THE AMERICAN GENEALOGIST this Ade and concluded that she was not a Roucy at all, but a Pierrefonds. Thus this royal descent from Robert Guiscard collapses. Turton (fo. 207) provides yet another descent for Elizabeth Woodville from Robert Guiscard through the Ibelin family, alleging that the Ibelins were descended from Mamilie de Roucy, wrongly identified by Turton but in fact a daughter of Eble II and Sybille de Roucy. But this pedigree too is erroneous. Mamilie de Roucy married first Hugh du Puiset, Viscount of Chartres and Count of Jaffa, and secondly Albert de Namur; but her only known child was Hugh II du Puiset, Count of Jaffa, who left no proved descendants (J. L. LaMonte, "The Lords of Le Puiset on the Crusades" [Speculum 17 (1942) 100-18]; Count W. H. Rudt de Collenberg, "Les premiers Ibe­ lin" [Le Moyen Age 69 (1965) 465-74]. In 1059, at the Council of Melfi, Pope Nicholas II had recognized Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily, territory which within the twenty years previously the sons of Tancred d'Hauteville had captured from the Byzan­ tines. but the actual origins of the family of Hauteville were undistinguished. Tancred, of Hauteville-le-Guichard in Normandy, had two wives, Muriel and Fresende, both bastard daughters of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, died 1027 (de Vajay, op.cit.). By his first wife Muriel Tancred had five sons and a daughter; and by his second wife Fresende he had six sons and two daughters, including Robert Guiscard and Roger I, Count of Sicily, Tan­ cred died in 1041. Although Moriarty only assigns Robert Guiscard from this family as a Plantagenet ancestor, it has been plausibly sug­ gested by Count W. H. Rudt de Collenberg [Maximilla et Ma­ thildae reginae (1969)] that Roger of Sicily, by his third marriage in 1089 to Adelaide del Vasto-Saluzzo, had a daugh­ ter Matilda, who married first in 1095 Conrad, King of Italy (1074-1101), and secondly Guigues, Count of Albon (d. 1125). This is the Matilda who is the subject of an article by Mor­ iarty [NEHGR 111 (1957) 265-7], and who was unquestionably an ancestress of the Plantagenets through two of her daugh­ ters, Matilda, Countess of Maurienne, and Gersende, Countess of Forcalquier (Moriarty, P.A. fo. 102). Adelaide del Vasto was a granddaughter of Teto, Margrave of Vasto, and his wife Berta, daughter of Ulric Manfred, Margrave of Turin, by Berta d'Este [Moriarty, P.A. fos. 60-2; c. w. Previte-Orton, The early history of the house of Savoy (1912), 197, 212]. Sanfelice [Richerche 1 (1947) 83 f.] shows that Alberada, first wife of Robert Guiscard, whose marriage was annulled for consanguinity, must have been a daughter of Renaud I, Count of Burgundy (d. 1057), by his wife Adelaide Judith, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, by his first wife Judith of Brittany. Thus Robert Guiscard and his first wife Alberada were both descended from Richard II of Normandy. Alberada married secondly Roger de Pomerada. Renaud I was a descendant of Charlemagne [E. Brandenburg, Die Nachkommen Karls des Grossen (1935), no. IX, 48], and son of Otto Wil­ liam, Count of Burgundy, by his first wife Ermentrude de Roucy, daughter of Renaud, Count of Roucy, by Alberada of THE HAUTEVILLE ANCESTRY 25

Lorraine. Thus Alberada, wife of Robert Guiscard, was named after her ancestress. Richard II, Duke of Normandy, was the son of Richard I, son of William I, son of Rollo, Count of Normandy, by his wife Poppa. Bernard, Count of Senlis, is described by the chroniclers as avunculus of William I; and so Poppa was very probably a sister of Bernard. If so the Dukes of Nor­ mandy had a descent from Charlemagne, as Bernard was certain­ ly a grandson of the Carolingian Pippin, son of Bernard, King of Italy [Moriarty, P.A., fo. 226; J. Dhondt, Etudes sur la naissance des principautes territoriales en France (1948), 119-20, 122; K. F. Werner, "Die Nachkornrnen Karls des Grossen" in Karl der Grosse 4 (1967), no. VI, 2]. Otto William, Count of Macon and Burgundy (d. 1026), was the son of Adalbert of Ivrea, King of Italy (d. 971) [Werner, no. VII,47], by Gerberge of Macon, who subsequently married as his first wife Eudes Henry, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1002). The problem of the identity of Gerberge has been discussed and elucidated by de Vajay ["A propos de la guerre de Bour­ gogne" in Annales de Bourgogne 34 (1962) 153-69]. Gerberge was the daughter of Otto, Count of Macon, son of Letaud II, Count of Macon (d. 965), by his first wife Ermengeard, daugh­ ter of Manasses I the Old, Count of Chalon-sur-Saone (d. 918), by Ermengeard de Vienne (Moriarty, P.A., fos. 10, 255). There are useful pedigrees of these families to be found in Abbe E. Jarry, Formation territoriale de la Bourgogne (1948). Ermengeard de Vienne was the daughter of Boso, Count of Vienne, King of Burgundy (d. 887) [Moriarty, P.A., fos. 19, 51, 234), presumably by his wife Ermengeard (d. 898) [Werner, no. V, 10], daughter of the Emperor Louis II. Sikelgaita (1025-1090), who married Robert Guiscard in 1058 as his second wife, was a daughter of Guaimar IV, Prince of Salerno and Capua (1010-1052), by his first wife Porpora di Tabellaria (d. 1036), daughter of Laidolfo, Count of Ta­ bellaria, by Aloara, daughter of Truppualdo, Count of San Massimo. Laidolfo was son of Alfano, Count of Tabellaria (d. 1037), by Porpora di Arnalfi, daughter of Leone di A­ malfi, son of Sergius I, Duke of Arnalfi (d. 966/7), proba­ bly by the daughter of a Count John. Sergius I was the de­ scendant of a Count Muscus, and his pedigree has been estab­ lished by Adolf Hofmeister ["Starnrnreihe der HerzOge von A­ malfi aus dem Hause des Muscus comes" in Byzantinish-neu­ griechische Jahrbucher 4 (1923) 328-39] . Guaimar IV at one time ruled over not only Salerno and Capua but the duchies of Arnalfi, Sorrento, Gaeta, Apulia and Calabria as well. He was a lineal descendant of the Margraves of Tuscany, as follows. Guaimar IV, Prince of Salerno (assassinated 1052), was the son of Guaimar III, Prince of Salerno (d. 1031), by his cousin Gaitelgrima, daughter of Pandolfo, Prince of Benevento and Capua (d. 1014), son of Landolfo III, Prince of Benevento (d. 969). Guaimar III was son of Giovanni II, who became Prince of Salerno in 981 (d. 999), by his cousin Sikelgaita, daughter of Landolfo II, Prince of Benevento and Capua (d. 961), and sister of the above Landolfo III. Giovanni II was son of 26 THE AMERICAN GENEALOGIST

Giovanni, Count of Laurino, by Gaitelgrima, daughter of A­ tenolfo, Count of Teano, son of Atenolfo II, Prince of Ben­ evento and Capua (d. 940). Thus three generations of this family married Lombard princesses, all belonging to the house of Benevento and Capua. Giovanni di Laurino was son of Lambert, Margrave of Tus­ cany, who was blinded and exiled by his half-brother, Hugh of Arles, King of Italy. Lambert was a younger son of Adal­ bert II, Margrave of Tuscany (d. 915), by Bertha (d. 925), widow of Theotbald, Count of Arles, and daughter of the Carolingian Lothar II, King of Lorraine (d. 869) [Werner, nos. IV, 10; V, 15 and VI, 19]. Adalbert II was son of Adal­ bert I, Margrave of Tuscany, by his second wife Rotilde of Spoleto (Moriarty, P.A., fo. 61). It has been suggested that Adalbert II was son by the first wife Ansuara of Salerno, but the frequent occurrence of the Spoleto family names Gui (Wido) and Lambert amongst the descendants of Adalbert II makes it certain that his mother was Rotilde, who was daughter of Guido I, Duke of Spoleto, Lay Abbot of Mettlach (d. 860), by Itta, daughter of Conrad, count of Auxerre, and sister of Rudolf I, King of Upper Burgundy. Guido I was son of Lambert, Count of Nantes (d. 836), by Rotilde, daugh­ ter of Charlemagne [Moriarty, P.A., fos. 33 and 74; Sanfe­ lice, Richerche 1 (1947), 15, 25, 33-4 and 2 (1947), table 3]. While this descent cannot be held to be fully proved, it is highly probable. The ancestry of Guido I has been discussed b¥ Dhondt [op.cit.318-22]; M. Mitterauer [Karo­ lingische Markgrafen im Sudosten (1963), 64-72, which in­ cludes a bibliography of the subject]; and W. Metz ["Mis­ zellen zur Geschichte der Widonen und Salier" in Histor­ isches Jahrbuch, 85 Jahrgang (1965), 1-27]. The authority on the Princes of Capua is N. Cilento ["La Cronaca dei Conti e dei Principi Langobardi di Capua" in Bulletino dell'istituto storico italiano per il medio evo, no. 69 (1957); Le origini della Signoria Capuana nella lan­ gobardia minore (1966): Italia meridionale langobarda (1966)]. But the frequent occurrence of the same few names in their pedigree makes it confusing. The above-mentioned Landolfo III and Sikelgaita of Capua were children of Landolfo I, Prince of Benevento and Capua (d. 943), by Gemma of Naples. Landolfo I was a brother of the above-mentioned Atenolfo II, and both were sons of Atenolfo I, Prince of Benevento and Capua (d. 912), whose family can be traced back to Lan­ dolfb of Capua who flourished in the first half of the 9th century. Gemma was daughter of Atanasio II, Duke and Bish­ op of Naples (d. 898) , who belonged to a Byzantine family said to be related to various patriarchs, including Taras­ ius (d. 806) and Photius (d. 891). Atanasio II was son of Gregorio III, Duke of Naples (d. 870), son of Sergio I, Duke of Naples (d. 864), and his wife Drosu, son of Marino and his wife Euprassia [Moriarty, P.A., fo. 73; M. Schipa, Storia del Ducato Napolitano (861-1140) (1895)].

Bryn Cadwrfa, Montgomery, Powys, SY15 6PA, Wales