MPA Cement Sustainable Development Report 2017

1.5 Mt 35higher% 2012 r we lo 0 process waste to land ll 76% 2005

39wast%e derived fuels 1.5 Mt 35higher% 2012 1.5 1.5 Mt Mt 35% 35% 25% higher higherWaste r 2012Decarbonisation we reduced 2012 lo from1.5 diverted Mt 1998 35higher0% and reused 2012 process CO2 waste to land ll 76% r r r we we 2005 lo

0 we

process lo 0 waste process Health and0 safety 76% and to land ll Waste waste process 1.5 lost time 76% 39% by-products from Mt 35% to land ll waste wast2005 e higher injuries derived other sectors76% recycled to land ll fuels 2012 39wast%e derived 2005 fuels 2005 r

39% we lo waste Every £1 invested derived 0 39% Fossil fuel25% in construction process fuels waste reduced waste replaced generates nearly £3 76% derived 25% to land ll CO reduced fuels 2 in economic activity 2005 CO2

39wast%e 1.525% derived Mt reduced Domestic cement fuels 35higher% sales increased 201225% CO2 reduced

CO2 25%reduced r

we CO2 lo 0 process waste

MPA Cement76% to land ll

Sustainable2005 Development

39wast%e Report 2017 derived fuels tackling air quality

1 mpa cement Mineral Products Association

25%reduced

CO2 15

ReflectingUK cement on production 2016 8 Tackling air quality 3.5 7

Improving air quality is high on the Figure 7 (pages There were no changes in ownership in 2016, so the five companies manufacturing cement in the UK 3.0 Government priority list as the short and 8-9) shows the 6 remain Aggregate Industries (operating as Lafarge Cement), Breedon Cement (previously known as long-term impacts of nitrogen oxide (NOx), main release Hope Cement), CEMEX, Hanson, and Tarmac. Together these companies supplied 82% of the cement particulate matter (PM) and other emissions points of these become2.5 more apparent. air emissions consumed in the UK. in the cement e MPAe Cement members have invested heavily manufacturing Domestic production continued to grow, with output up to 9.8 million tonnes, a 5.9% increase on 2015. in reducing NOx, PM (dust) and sulphur process and dioxide2.0 (SO2) emissions and considerable the abatement However, production is still considerably lower than pre-recession levels, as shown in figure 1. progress has been made since data gathering measures taken g/tonne PC startedg/tonne PC in 1998 (figure 2). Emissions of NOx, 120 by MPA Cement PM and SO2 from cement manufacture are members to MPA Cement has been reporting on the sustainability performance of the UK cement sector since 2003 1.5 now very low with only minor variations each tackle them. and this report continues our commitment to transparency. MPA Cement members continue to minimise year. Emissions k Emissions k 100 the impact of their operations on the environment, neighbours and employees. These emissions are heavily regulated under 3.5 1.0 the Industrial Emissions Directive. This sets limits on the amount that can be emitted by cement plants across the UK and Europe. 80 3.0 0.5

60 2.5 0.0 UK cement production 1998 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year 3.5 2.0 40 PM 14 3.0 NOx 1.5 20 13 SO 2.5 1.0 12 0 e

2.0 11 0.5 g/tonne PC tion (Mt)

duc 10 1.5 0.0 Pro Emissions k 3.5 9 1.0

8 3.0 0.5

7 2.5 0.0 1998 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 6 Year 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2.0 Figure 2: Emissions of NOx, PM and SO2 in 1998 (base year) and from 2005 to 2016. Since 2008, emissions have been at a steady low rate with only Figure 1: Domestic cement production over the last 20 years Year very minor fluctuations since 2009 PM

NOx 2 3 1.5 SO 1.0 0.5 0.0 Tackling air quality Tackling air quality

members aim to increase the use of rail NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx) PARTICULATE MATTER – DUST SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2) TRANSPORT transport, Government targets to increase

NOx emissions are generated by the burning The manufacture of cement involves the SO2 emissions are generated from raw As well as investing in efficient road vehicles, passenger rail travel mean that freight must of fuels containing nitrogen compounds (fuel management of fine powders at many stages materials with a high content of pyrite (FeS2). MPA Cement members have spent millions compete with passenger transport for very NOx) and the reaction of nitrogen in air at of the process, including the crushing of of pounds in upgrading rail depots at plants limited capacity on rail networks. very high temperatures (thermal NOx). NOx raw materials, the grinding of clinker, the MPA Cement members that require so that more material can be transported by

abatement to control SO2 emissions have Currently 82% of cement is transported by emissions can be reduced through the use blending of clinker with other materials, and rail, lowering NOx, and CO2 emissions from of waste derived fuels, which have lower fuel the handling of the final cement product, installed two wet scrubbers; and two kilns product transportation. While MPA Cement road and 18% by rail and water. NOx compared to fossil fuels such as coal, itself a fine grey powder. use absorbent additions. and tend to have lower flame temperatures, which results in less thermal NOx. In 2016, the UK cement sector crushed 12.9 Mt of raw materials, produced 8.0 Mt One of the most common forms of NOx of clinker and blended this with 1.5 Mt of abatement is Selective Non-Catalytic natural and alternative materials to produce Reduction (SNCR) using ammonia. SNCR 9.8 Mt of cement. Particulate matter (PM) installation on a cement plant typically costs emissions are actively managed by the UK between £500,000 and £800,000. However, cement industry so that in 2016, despite this abatement technique may be associated handling over 22 Mt of powder material, the with ‘ammonia slip’ (unreacted ammonia total amount of dust emitted to air across all emitted from the SNCR). Thus, as regulation sites was just 501 tonnes – that is, 0.0023% drives emissions of NOx downward, there of the powder material handled. To deliver may well be a corresponding increase in such low emissions, cement manufacturers ammonia slip. have invested around £21.5 million in dust management in the last seven years.

Figure 4: Quantities of mineral products required in different applications

NOx (as NO ) PM10 SO

UK Emissions

Cement Sector Emissions

Figure 3: Proportion of UK emissions of NOx, PM10 (PM with particle size less than 10 micrometres) and SO2 arising from cement manufacture [Source: National Air Emissions Inventory]

4 5 3,015 30 direct employees local liaison meetings3,015 30 direct employees local liaison meetings Economic sustainability Social sustainability 3,015 30 direct employees local liaison 3,015 2,352 30 meetings direct employees local liaison ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY The UK continues to be an expensive place Domestic cement salesvisitors to cement sites 1. LOCAL COMMUNITIES 2. HEALTH & SAFETY for industry to operate, with high energy 120 meetings27,3012,352 Cement is the key component in producing prices (a result of energy and climate change improved 35%attending since open days, tours and visits visitors to cement sites The number of Lost Time Incidents (LTI) ready-mixed3.0 concrete, precast concrete policy costs) and high network and wholesale 3.0employee training hours 27,301increased during 2016 and three main causes and mortar. These materials are locally costs. 2012 but sales still 12% attending open days, tours and visits were identified: slips, trips and falls; handling, produced, with the majority of raw material employee traininglifting and hourscarrying; and hitting an object. lower than 2007 100 3,015 30 inputs being sourced from within the UK. MPA Cement members are still unable to direct employees 2,352local liaison Consequently, a new health & safety strategy The2.5 cement and concrete supply chain is access compensation from the indirect costs visitors to cement sitesmeetings was drafted with an initial focus on plant of the EU Emissions Trading System and UK 2.5 therefore a vital part of the UK economy 2,352 shutdowns, communication,27,301 occupational (figure 4). Carbon Price Support passed on in electricity attending open days, tours and visits health (dust) and improving root cause 1.5 visitors to cement sites bills, unlike some otherMt energy intensive 35% 80 analysis of employincidents.ee training hours Domestic cement production is improving, sectors. Figure 5 illustrates the renewable higher 27,301 2.0 attending open days, tours and visits with an increase of 5.9% in 2016 compared to and climate change policy cost impact on 2012 £650k employee2.0 training hours 2015, but sales of cement remain 12% lower cement. The Government aim is for much charitable donations made thanement) in 2007. Some 18% of cement sales in higher CO prices and more renewables in £650k 2 Indirect policy (including equivalent monetary 60value the UK are from imports, which have steadily the energy mix. Over a short period of time 2,352 cost passed on in charitable donations made increased1.5 their share of sales over the last ten where sta have undertaken this is likely to rapidly increaseelectricity the billspolicy cost £ visitors (including to cement equivalent sites monetary value

r 1.5 years. impact. volunteer projects) we attending openwher days,e sta tours ha andve undervisits taken 27,301 lo £ 0 40 volunteer projects) £650kemployee training hours ost (£ per tonne c process C 1.0 waste 3,758 charitable donations made 76% 1.03,015 to land ll £650k voluntary work hours by sta 30 direct employees (including equivalentlocal monetarliaison3,758 y value charitable donations made during normal working hours where sta have undertaken 20 voluntarmeetingsy work hours by sta (including2005 equivalent monetary value volunteer£ projects) 0.5 where sta have undertaken 0.5 during normal working hours a. Number of direct employees = 3,015Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits £ Direct cost volunteer projects) 120 b. Number of local liaison meetings = 303.0 39wast%e 3,758 120 c. Number of visitors to cement sitesa. attendingNumber open of da direcys, tourst employ andees visits = 3,015Number = 2,352 of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits 0 3.0 £650k derived 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012voluntar2013y work2014 hours2015 by sta 2016 d. Number of employee training hours = 27,3010.0 b. Number of local liaison meetingsfuels = 30 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 3,758 charitable donations made Year e. Charitable donations made (equivalent monetary value where sta c. haveNumber undertaken of visitors volunteer to cement projec2016 sitests) = attending £650k open days, tours and visits = 2,352 0.0 Year during normal working hours

(including equivalent monetary value e) f. Voluntary work hours by sta during normal working hoursd. = 3,758Number of employee training hours = 27,301 voluntary10 w0ork hours by sta 2,352 e) 100 e. Charitable donations2.5 made (equivalent monetary value where sta have undertaken volunteer projecCapacitts)y =Mechanis £650km where sta have undertaken during normal working2.5visitors hours to cement £sites Contractors a.f. NumberVoluntar ofy direc workt hoursemploy byees sta = 3,015Numberduring normal of w visitorsorking hours to cement = 3,758 sites attending open days, tours and visits volunteer projects) 27,301 Small scale feed in tari s attending open days, tours and visits b. Number of local liaison meetings = 30 employee training hours Employees (cost with compensation) g/tonne PC c. Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits = 2,352 g/tonne PC 80

a. Number of direct employees = 3,015Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits 80 (k (k 2 b. Number of local liaison meetings = 30 2.0 d. Number of employee training25% hours = 27,301 3,758 2 e. Charitable donations made (equivalent monetary value wherereduced sta have underRenewabletaken volunteer Obligation projec (cost ts) = £650k 2.0 c. Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits = 2,352 with compensation) voluntary work hours by sta

ement) f. Voluntary work hours by sta during normal working hours = 3,758 d. Number of employee training hours = 27,301 60 Indirect policCO2 y during normal working hours 60 e. Charitable donations made (equivalent monetary value where sta have undertaken volunteer projects) = £650k Carbon Price Support tax f. Voluntary work hours by sta during normal working hours =1.5 3,758 cost passed on in 60 electricity bills on fossil fuel use in power 1.5 Emissions of CO a. Number of direct employees = 3,015Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visitsgeneration Emissions of CO b. Number of local liaison meetings = 30 40 EU ETS CO cost in c. Number ost (£ per tonne c of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits = 2,352 £650k C d.1.0 Number of employee training hours = 27,301 electricity 40 charitable1.0 donations made e. Charitable donations made (equivalent monetary value where sta have undertaken volunteer projects) = £650k 20 f. Voluntary work hours by sta during normal working hours = 3,758 Climate Change Levy cost (including equivalent monetary value 20 with min-met exemption where sta ha£ve undertaken 0.5 20 volunteer projects) EU ETS 0.5 0 Direct cost 3,758 120 0.0 0 voluntary work hours by sta 2016 2003 0.02004 2005 2006 2007 during2008 normal2009 working2010 hours 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Figure 5: Cumulative direct and indirect climate change and renewable energy policy costs per t cement Capacity Mechanism Figure 6: Lost Time Injuries 2003-2016 e) 100 Contractors a. Number of direct employees = 3,015Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits Small scale feed in tari s 6 7 b. Number of local liaison meetings = 30 (cost with compensation) c. Number of visitors to cement sites attending open days, tours and visits = 2,352 Employees d. Number of employee training hours = 27,301 g/tonne PC 80

Renewable Obligation (cost (k e. Charitable donations made (equivalent monetary value where sta have undertaken volunteer projects) = £650k 2 f. Voluntary work hours by sta during normal working hours = 3,758 with compensation) Carbon Price Support tax 60 on fossil fuel use in power generation Emissions of CO EU ETS CO cost in 40 electricity

Climate Change Levy cost with min-met exemption 20

EU ETS 0 Guide to abatement measures

NOx PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) SO2

Primary abatement measures: ■ Fabric bag filters: Using a fabric ■ Absorbent additions (dry scrubber):

membrane to collect PM. The filters are Reacting absorbents with SO2 emissions ■ Low NOx burners: Indirect firing with very cleaned periodically to remove the PM produces substances that are then early fuel ignition in an oxygen-deficient for recycling/recovery. incorporated in the cement product. atmosphere, which tends to reduce the Absorbents added to gas emissions formation of NOx. ■ Electrostatic precipitators (ESP): Charging include quicklime (CaO), activated fly PM in an electrostatic field and attracting ash with a high calcium oxide content, Secondary abatement measures: it to an oppositely charged collection sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and plate. The PM is periodically dislodged ■ Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction hydrated lime (Ca(OH2)), which can also from the collection plates for recycling/ (SNCR): Injecting ammonia water (up be added to the raw materials. recovery. to 25% ammonia), ammonia precursor ■ Wet scrubber: Reacting SO emissions compounds, or urea solution into the 2 with oxygen, water and calcium gaseous emissions to reduce nitric oxide carbonate form calcium sulphate (NO) to harmless nitrogen gas (N2). (gypsum), water and carbon dioxide. ■ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): Injecting ammonia into the gaseous emissions and then passing the gas over a catalyst reduces NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to harmless N2.

8 PM from 1 PM from conveyors abated through: Preheater 3 PM from packaging 4 Use of an in-line raw 6 NOx abated through primary 7 SO abated through: storage silos ■ Constructing closed system conveyors abated through use mill allows SO in kiln and secondary measures: ■ Absorbent additions abated through of: ue gas to react with ■ Covering conveyors ■ Primary: low NOx burners ■ Wet scrubber use of silos ■ limestone as it is ground ■ Vacuum systems to deal with spillages Flexible lling pipes ■ Secondary: SNCR, SCR with: ■ Dust extraction ■ Adequate system for loading 5 PM from storage abated capacity 2 PM from mills, kiln (two thirds of through the use of Clinker dust emissions) and clinker ■ Level indicators Limestone closed and fully silo cooler (around a quarter of dust Coal mill and cut o automated storage areas emissions) abated through: 8 Separator switches to 2 Blender prevent over ■ Fabric bag lters Clay Pre-grinding lling ■ Clinker Coarse Fine Electrostatic precipitators 2 6 7 system 8 ■ Filters to extract 1 powder powder Cement silo dust from air 2 Rotary kiln displaced Portland Blended during lling Alternative and Raw grinding Raw materials cement cement waste derived mill storage material reception Gas ow Raw material ow Cooler (clinker cooler) 2 Cement grinding mill ( nish mill) 3 Transport 4 5

Very low emissions to air in 2016: NOx = 1.12 kg/tPCe, PM = 0.05 kg/tPCe, SO = 0.45 kg/tPCe Figure 7: The cement manufacturing process and the emission of NOx, PM and SO2 and their abatement

8 9 12

Environmental sustainability Environmental122 sustainability 0 1. PUBLICATION OF UPDATED 2. RECYCLED CONTENT 3. PROPORTION10 OF FUEL ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT COMPRISING WASTE MATERIAL DECLARATION (EPD) In 2016, MPA members used 1.5 million tonnes of waste and by-products from other The proportion of thermal input from waste MPA12 has updated its UK Average Cement industries. Co-processing of waste fuels in derived fuels declined8 for the third year in a EPD with 2016 data. The EPD is based on cement manufacture also recovers mineral row, from 44% in 2014 to 39% in 2016. The 50 a ‘Life Cycle Assessment’ and provides and metal content, thus co-processing is use of waste biomass and part biomass fuels 45 43.97 44.08 41.64 customers and stakeholders of the UK material recycling and energy recovery in reduced to only 16.7% of the thermal input, 40.36 39.74 39.15 cement10 sector with the most up-to-date one unique simultaneous process. Figure 8 down from 19.9% (the6 highest recorded 40 38.18 environmental information on UK-produced illustrates the recycled content of the average proportion) in 2014. 35.11 cement. The EPD is available to download UK produced cement. 35 frome the MPA website http://www. This worrying trend is attributed to 30 cement.mineralproducts.org/sustainability/ competition for biomass fuels with other 26.47 8 sustainable_production/environmental_ consumers who can receive4 Government % 25 product_declaration.php incentives, such as the Renewable Heat 19.47 Incentive, which cement manufacturers 20 cannot access due to poorly formed 14.28 14.93 6 policy. Due to the policy2 distortion, one 15 MPA Cement member ceased using a 10 100% biomass fuel in 2017 and another is 5.73 ntent as percentage of PC expecting to cease use during 2018. 5 4

cled co 0 0 y 1998 (Base 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Rec Year)

122 50

100 2016 KD recovered on-site 40 50 e Fuel ash 8 ARM (interground) 30 40 ARM (kiln feed) 6 rcentage Pe

ntent as percentage of PC 20 30 4 cled co y Rec 10 20 2

0 0 10 2016 1998 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 KD recovered on-site (base year) Year Figure 8: The total recycled content of UK produced cement from kiln dust (KD) recovered on site, fuel ash recycled as mineral content, alternative Figure 9: Waste derived fuel use in 1998 (base year) and from 2005-2016 raw materials (ARM) interground with clinker to produce cement and ARM fed to the kiln (kiln feed) Fuel ash

10 ARM (interground) 11 0

ARM (kiln feed) Environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability

4. DECARBONISATION ■ Low carbon cements: 5. RESPONSIBLE SOURCING MPA is working with During 2016, MPA Cement worked with Carbon Trust to access In 2016, the majority of cement produced in Government to produce an action plan the Government Industrial the UK was certified to very good or excellent setting out the tasks required to decarbonise Energy Efficiency level under the BES 6001 responsible the cement sector. The action plan was Accelerator Fund to sourcing scheme. Certification to BES 6001 published in October 2017. There are three undertake a project requires companies to demonstrate (and key technologies for reducing greenhouse that would enable the verify through an independent third party) gas emissions in cement manufacture: deployment of a range of that organisational governance, supply new low-carbon cements chain management and environmental and ■ Carbon capture and storage/use: vital in the UK. social responsibilities have been responsibly for the long term decarbonisation of managed. cement manufacture, which has a high Direct emissions of CO2 from 3 proportion of unavoidable process the UK cement sector in 2016 3 0m 3 emissions. were 24.7% lower than in 1998 6. WATER 2012 0m and 1.93% lower than in 2015. 2015 ■ Fuel switching to biomass: Considerable 2016 The reduction is attributed to 400,000m fuel switching has already taken place MPA Cement members continue to monitor an increase in the proportion 305,000m 294,000m but market pressure means that the use and reduce water consumption where of clinker substituted by of waste biomass fuels will continue possible. As a result, consumption of potable materials such as limestone. reducing if no action is taken. water decreased in 2016 by 26.5% on 2012, and 3.6% on 2015.

1000 Combustion of waste derived fuels (excluding biomass)

Combustion of 1000 800 fossil fuels

Calcination e) 800 600 g/tonne PC (k 2 600 400 Emissions of CO 400 200

200 0 1998 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 (baseline) Year

Figure 10: Reduction in direct emissions of CO in 1998 (base year) and 2010-2016 2 0

12 13 Data tables Data tables

CIRCULAR ECONOMY DECARBONISATION

Units 1998 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Units 1998 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total waste and by- tonnes 446,511 1,528,315 2,481,106 1,811,200 1,452,553 1,612,584 1,619,766 1,454,354 CO2 emissions kgCO2/ 520 471 468 459 468 462 476 464 products used as fuel from calcination tPCe and raw materials (process emissions) Proportion of fuel % 5.7 38.2 39.7 40.4 44.0 43.0 41.6 39.2 comprising waste CO2 emissions kgCO2/ 387 187 177 169 164 158 172 172 material from combustion tPCe of fossil fuels Biomass fraction of % Not 16.7 16.8 17.2 18.9 19.9 18.5 16.7 fuel input (100% and available Indirect CO2 kgCO2/ Not 55 61 56 44 58 57 48 part biomass fuels) emissions from tPCe available Proportion of raw % 4.0 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.0 7.7 7.4 5.9 electricity use material comprising waste

Process waste tonnes Not 11,379 9,195 2,819 10,390 1,513 11,009 4,086 recovered on-site available ENVIRONMENTAL Process waste tonnes nil 36,945 47,796 57,471 47,238 33,988 35,103 49,238 recovered off-site Units 1998 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Process waste sent to tonnes 289,207 14,021 4,631 nil nil nil nil nil landfill Emissions of NOx kgNOx/ 3.34 1.35 1.31 1.31 1.25 1.27 1.04 1.12 tPCe

Emissions of PM kgPM/ 0 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 tPCe

Emissions of SO2 kgSO2/ 2.56 0.33 0.40 0.48 0.48 0.41 0.31 0.45 tPCe

Mains water use m3/tPCe Not 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 available

Licensed m3/tPCe Not Not Not 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 abstraction available available available

14 15 MPA Cement site locations

1 Rugby 2 South Ferriby Key 3 Tilbury 4 Ketton Kiln sites 5 Padeswood Grinding and blending sites 6 Ribblesdale 7 Hope Grinding1 only sites 8 Dagenham 2 22 1 16 3 9 Dewsbury Blending12 only sites 4 3 10 Theale 12 5 4 23 11 Walsall 6 5 21 43 7 12 Cauldon13 6 14 45 8 7 22 13 Cookstown 56 9 16 8 1 76 22 14 A member of LafargeHolcim Belfast 6 10 16 9 2 89 2 7 22 11 15 Aberthaw 7 10 16 17 89 21 13 22 5 3 12 14 11 16 16 Dunbar 12 109 13 21 18 4 12 13 1011 14 17 Tunstead 11 4 14 6 21 13 13 9 2 5 1112 14 1 15 18 7 Barnstone 1413 6 17 21 12 13 5 9 2 6 16 14 12 15 19 7 18 Celtic Ash 1413 6 17 24 23 17 5 11 9 42 7 16 12 19 10 3 1415 20 6 71 18 15 8 18 17 Northfleet 20 17 5 11 9 42 8 16 12 15 22 7 19 21 17 1 18 Seaham 18 5 11 24 23 1617 16 19 12 4 3 9 20 15 10 8 19 22 1 18 20 Scotash 1718 11 424 23 21 19 10 3 10 20 15 1 8 1819 23 20 22 24 23 West Thurrock 21 19 3 20 15 10 8 11 19 20 23 24 24 23 22 21 19 3 Purfleet 2021 15 10 8 12 2413 20 23 14 2122 13 24 2223 14 2423 6 9 2 15 24 7 17 5 16 12 18 17 11 4 1 18 19 24 23 19 3 20 15 10 8 20 21 22 23 24

mpa cement members CEMEX UK Hanson Breedon The Mineral Products Association is the trade association for the aggregates, asphalt, cement, concrete, dimension Kerneos* stone, lime, mortar and silica sand industries. Lafarge Cement MPA Cement Tarmac Gillingham House This report has been titled as 2017 to follow the 38-44 Gillingham Street London SW1V 1HU general MPA nomenclature to use the year of data collection rather than the year of performance. Tel +44 (0)20 7963 8000 Fax +44 (0)20 7963 8001 *Kerneos are members of MPA but data from their [email protected] operations has not been included in this report www.cement.mineralproducts.org because they produce calcium aluminate cements rather than Portland cement. © MPA February 2018