DOCSLIB.ORG

Original Research Article 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Original Research Article 2 1 Original Research Article 2 th 3 The Oromo Expulsion from Finfinne Area and the Emergence of Safarsfrom late 19 to 1974 4 5 6 Abstract 7 The main purpose of this study was to reveal the expulsion of the Oromo from their hereditary land and their possession by 8 Menilek in the late 19th century. In this study the researcher attempted to employ both primary and secondary sources. 9 Secondary data sources were collected through a brief review of related letratures in assessing published and unpublished 10 archival materials.Primary data sources were collected through oral interview based on focused group and questionnaire. 11 These data were carefully analysed and critically interpreted qualitatively according to the standard rules and desciplines of 12 social sciences. Even though some earlier attempts have been made to write the history of Finfinne, many areas of the Safars 13 have received very minimal attention. Therefore, this article is an attempt to fill the gap that have been created by other 14 written materials so far contributed something enreaching the sudy of the history of the foundation of safars in Finfinne. The 15 researcher also tried to narrate the history of the the foundation of different Safar from the beginnings untilthe 1974. Hence, 16 the study deals with the history of the transformation of Finfinne to Addis Ababa, the expulsion of the Oromo from Finfinne 17 area and the emergence of different Safars. In this study, the socio-economic and political conditions of Finfinne Oromo and 18 the surrounding are explored. After the expulsion of the Oromo from Finfinne area, the settlement of different ethnic groups in 19 Finfinne areas were also discussed. Certainly this study is far from being exhaustive. However, the researcher hopes it can at 20 least serve as an introduction to the study of Finfinne history and the expulsion of Oromo from the Finfinne which later on its 21 name was changed to Addis Ababa”New Flower”. 22 Key words: Safars, expulsion, Finfinne, Addis Ababa, Mekuanant, Mesafintst 23 Background 24 The power and influence of Gondar gradually declined in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as a result of the wars 25 ofZamana Masafint and the Dervish invasions/Mohadist invasion. Therefore it could no longer serve as a permanent capital of 26 the Empire [Pankhursst1968:689].It was TewodrosII who first moved his seat of power from Gondar to Debra-Tabor and then 27 briefly to Meqdella until his death. Following the struggle for power on the death of Tewodros II, Adwa and Meqele became 28 the centers and seats of the Emperor’s power (1872-89). However, the two towns could not sustain their new political status for 29 long; and the capital of the empire beganto move further south, together with the imperial power soon assumed by Menilek 30 ofShoa [Pankhurst1968:689; Agegnehu 1986:15-6]. 31 As a result of this, the late 19th century was characterized by the rise of Shoa as the center of the new political power of the 32 Ethiopia Empire. The region of Shoa was much less affected than any of the other Ethiopian regions by the ravages of the 33 warfare’s of the Zamana Masafint.Therefore; this made Shoa gradually to grow into prominence. However, within the region 34 of Shoa itself the centers of power of the local rulers were kept on changing.Accordingly, for some time Ankober had begun to 1 35 serve as the capital of the Shoan kingdom; but this, too, did not last long;[Pankhurst1968: 693-6],and soon after his escape 36 from the state prison of Tewodros II at Meqdalla in 1865 and his accession to the Shoan throne, Menilek changed the centre of 37 his political power from Ankober to Debre-Berhan,Angollela,Liche and Entoto,respectively[Gabra- 38 Sellassie1959E.C:101;Garreston1974:.32;Johnson1974:10;Tajjaba Bayana1968 E.C:18]. 39 Besides economic interest, for military and strategic reasons, Ethiopian rulers often preferred the commanding positions of 40 mountain tops for military as the site for their Katama. And although Menilek’s reign seems to have been relatively more 41 “peaceful” than those of his predecessors, his capitals were still located on high places. In the region of Finfinne, what is 42 today Addis Ababa, for instance, Menilek is first said to have camped for some time especially on Wachcha mountain which is 43 located to the west of Finfinne/ Addis Ababa [Mahatama Sellassie1962 E.C:7; Greenfield1968:28; Pankhurst 1968.697- 44 9].However, Menilek’s camp before moving to Entoto was on Furi-Gara which means Furi mountain[Informant: Akalu 45 Bayou].The discovery of an old settlement site and ruins of some constructions of the reign of Lebne Dengel (1508-1540) on 46 the top of Entoto mountain made Menilek decide to move his capital towards the area[Gabra-Sellassie 1959 E.C:101; 47 Pankhurst1962:33-34;Tajjaba Bayana1968E.C:158-9; Marcus1974:.220].It has suggested that these ruins belonged to the reign 48 of king Dawit (1380-1412)[Taddesse Tamrat1972:151], however the evidence does not seem strong and plausible. It may, 49 however, be that this tradition refers to Lebne Dengel who sometimes bore the reignal name of Dawit as well;[Marcus1974: 50 220; Pankhurst 1962:33], the description which is still not historically supported, and some sources goes on narrating that in 51 1881 Menilek established his court there. [Tajjaba Bayana1968E.C:17]. 52 The history of the arrival of the Oromo people in the sixteenth century in East Africa from outside is a fabrication and denial of 53 historical facts. It is a mith created by Abyssinian court historians and monks, continued by their Europian which were 54 supporters of Abyssinian s repeated the same created myth.Hernce , this revealed that the Ethiopian rulers used to lay the claim 55 on Oromo territory and justified their colonization of the Oromo people [Gadaa Melbaa 1988:5]. Finfinne has been the 56 land of Oromo people which later became the center and seat of theunited Ethiopian imperialgovernment andcurrentlybecame 57 seatsof numerous nationan and international organizations. Many scolars admitted that it was the center of Oromia National 58 Regional State and the area formerly and historically inhabited by the Oromo people.However, currently the issue of the 59 administration of Finfinne and its surrounding is becoming the center of political arena for the politicians neglecting the 60 existed historical narrations. Besides its economic significance, the interest for military and strategic reasons by Menilek and 61 his officials, Masafints and Makuanints often made them to be attracted by the location and conducive temperature of Finfinne. 62 The Ethiopian rulers often preferred the commanding positions of mountain tops for military as the site for their 63 militarygarisson in addition to its economic and social significances. 64 Most of the existing literature asserts that the process of modern urbanization in Ethiopia began to take its shape from the 65 late 19th century on wards.This came about with the territorial expansion and conquest of Menilek(1889-1913), which seems 66 to bring about political “stability” and the effective centralization and bureaucratic governmental system.This is said to have 67 brought relative acceleration to the expansion of urbanization in Ethiopia, with the constraction of of the Addis Ababa 68 Djibouti railway and the improvements in the system of transportation and communication which were identified as factors 69 that contributed to this new phase of urban development.Shoanterritorial expansion to the south led to the appearance of 2 70 garrison centers, and northern settlement, which eventually evolved into foundation of permanentcity of Addis Ababachanging 71 its hereditaryname, Finfinne.The military garrison and settlements of new comers from the north was established either on 72 already existing settlement like Finfinne or on newsites [Mahatama Sellassie1962 E.C:7; Greenfield1968:28; Pankhurst 73 1968.697-9]. 74 Socially, this settlement area served mainly as permanent residences for Menilek’s riflemen/the naftagnas as the northern and 75 central Ethiopian settlers sometimes came to be reffered by some people collectively.Some letrature in Ethiopia indicated 76 that the emergence of present towns in some parts of Ethiopa allocated much to politico-military factors , that is to the 77 establishment of military garrisons, like Tabanja Yazhoch(riflemen quarter).It is clear that many towns in Ethiopia developed 78 historically from military garrisons, but many of the garrisons were also abandoned when their military needs declined[Wolde 79 Michael 1973:1-4]. 80 According to different letrature, there were important political centersthat predated Finfinne and the campaign of Emperor 81 Menilek.Among these political centers and seats of governments, Meqdalla (1865-68), Maqale/Adwa(1871-1889), and after 82 his accession to the Shoan throne,(1865-1889) and emperor of Ethiopia(1889-1913), Menilek changed the centre of his 83 political power to Shoa, like Ankober, Debre Berhan, Angollela,Liche, Entoto, and finally Finfinne, respectively[Gabra- 84 Sellassie1959E.C:101;Garreston1974:32;Johnson1974:10;Tajjaba Bayana1968 E.C:18]. 85 Besides economic interest, for military and strategic reasons, Ethiopian rulers often preferred the commanding positions of 86 mountain tops for military. And although Menilek’s reign seems to have been relatively “peaceful” than those of his 87 predecessors, his capitals were still located on hill sides and high places. In the region of Finfinne, what is today Addis 88 Ababa, for instance, Menilek is first said to have camped for some time especially on Wachcha mountain which is located to 89 the west of Finfinne/ Addis Ababa [Mahatama Sellassie1962 E.C:7; Greenfield1968:28; Pankhurst 1968.697-9].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Challenges of Emperor Haile Sellassie I in Post- Liberation Perid
    THE CHALLENGES OF EMPEROR HAILE SELLASSIE I IN POST- LIBERATION PERID 1.1 The Aborted (Failed) Coup D’état of 1960 in Ethiopia Introduction There had been various opposition against the Emperor Haile Sellassie rule in the post- liberation period. These oppositions were expressed in the form of plots and open rebellions either in group or individual. However, most of them had not significant effect. The root causes of the opposition Haile Sellassie’s government were prevailing economic and social inequalities, national oppression and absence of democratic rights. For example, the 1960 coup d’état was an open rebellion. This topic mainly deals with the 1960 coup d’état of Ethiopia to overthrow the Emperor Haile Sellassie I government by some prominent individuals and their supporters. Objectives After successful completion of this lesson, students will be able to; analyze the cause of the 1960 coup d’état; explain the prominent coup makers and the other participants with their functions; describe the course and its consequences of the 1960 coup d’état; and point out the strength and weaknesses of the 1960 coup d’état. Key Terms - Coup d’état: the sudden overthrow of an existing government by a small group. - Demonstration: a display which people to show their support or opposition for something. - Hostage: someone who is taken as prisoner by force or involuntary controlled by outside influence. - Rebel: rise in opposition or armed resistance to an existing government or leader. - Proclamation: an official declaration issued by a person of authority to make certain announcements or formal announcement made by a great seal of some matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia's Foreign Policy Under Emperor Haile Selassie I: an Appraisal
    ETHIOPIA’S FOREIGN POLICY UNDER EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE I: AN APPRAISAL. BY ARKA ABOTA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVESITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. DECEMBER 6,2002 ADDIS ABABA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ETHIOPIA’S FOREIGN POLICY UNDER EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE I: AN APPRAISAL. BY ARKA ABOTA ADVISOR SIGNATURE ------------------------------ ------------------------ EXAMINER SIGNATURE ------------------------------ ------------------------- EXAMINER SIGNATURE -------------------------------- --------------------------- ACKNOWLEDMENTS This thesis is the result of the cooperation and efforts of numerous people, which makes it an impossible task for me to acknowledge all diverse indebtedness. Grateful to all sources of assistance, I should like nevertheless to mention a few names. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) that sponsored me to pursue my post- graduate studies at Addis Ababa University. My special thanks go to Dr. Mengistu Huluka, the former Minister of MoA and now Ethiopian ambassador to Rome. I am also indebted to the staff of the Management and Training Service of the MoA for their all round support. I thank my thesis advisor Dr. Assefa Medhane for his guidance, encouragement and constant assistance without which this project would not have had its present shape. The understanding, support and encouragement that I have obtained from my spouse Hirut Hadaro, my children and all family members were a driving force throughout my study time. I wish to thank all of my friends for their constant support and encouragement. I would like to acknowledge my friend Kaleb Bassa for providing me with his personal computer and encouragement he rendered.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unsung and Forgotten Ethiopian Heroes and Heroines
    The Unsung and Forgotten Ethiopian Heroes and Heroines Ghelawdewos Araia, PhD February 4, 2015 Too many to remember and call their names Heroes and heroines of utmost altruism Who fell on behalf of a noble struggle and Who gave their lives for justice, freedom, and Equality for all nationalities of Ethiopia Some of them were buried in shallow graves In ravines and mountainsides Others may have enjoyed a proper burial by their comrades Yet, they too were buried in unmarked fox holes But, thousands upon thousands have also fallen in the cities Murdered by the sadistic, cruel and barbaric Derg forces In front of their houses In the face of their families In a public square For the exhibition of a terrified and traumatized people Those fallen heroes and heroines of Assimba Were saluted by their comrades As testified by Kahsay Abraha Asmamaw Hailu & Solomon Gebreselassie The ones that met torture and death in the hands of the Derg Are now remembered by Nesibu Sibhat And their alias names documented by Konjit Berhan in Murkogna They are remembered, just remembered! Ironically, some of the unsung heroes and heroines Were killed by their own comrades Some of the latter were brainwashed by ideology And some in perfect camouflage The victim heroes in this block are also remembered By Ayalew Yimam and Hiwot Teffera All of the above unsung and forgotten heroes and heroines Are of recent memory And there are multitude of heroes and plethora of heroines Who are antecedent to the recent heroes In fact, who introduced altruistic sacrifice and And unparalleled
    [Show full text]
  • Badme and the Ethio-Eritrean Border: the Challenge of Demarcation in the Post-War Period Abbink, G.J
    Badme and the Ethio-Eritrean border: the challenge of demarcation in the post-war period Abbink, G.J. Citation Abbink, G. J. (2003). Badme and the Ethio-Eritrean border: the challenge of demarcation in the post-war period. Africa: Journal Of The International African Institute, 58(2), 219-231. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9474 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Leiden University Non-exclusive License: license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9474 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 218 NOTE E TESTIMONIANZE Africa, LVm, 2, 2003, pp 219-231 bone(49), ehe pare essere giunto alla conclusione ehe, pur esistendo tra gli hutu "" BADME AND THE ETHIO-ERITREAN BORDER: ed i tutsi, una differenziazione m qualche modo ascnvibile ad una specificità THE CHALLENGE OF DEMARCATION IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD etnica pur temperata storicamente da una forte osmosi, ciô non avrebbe do- vuto necessariamente comportare il conflitto. Al contrario si sarebbe potuti ap- prodare — corne del resto era stato in epoca precoloniale — a forme di pacifica Introduction cooperazione e convivenza se solo la pratica amministrativa perseguita dalle po- tenze coloniali (quella tedesca prima e poi la belga) non avesse fatto assumere The Ethiopian-Eritrean 'border war' of 1998-2000 ended almost three years alla differenziazione etnica quella coloritura di contrapposizione ideologica e ago. This conflict was about much more than a stretch of relatively useless politica certificata poi degenerata verso forme di conflitto assoluto. borderland, but in thé subséquent negotiations this issue bas corne to dominate Abbiamo accennato a corne l'africanistica italiana si sia nel corso degli ul- thé agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Peasants and Revolution in Ethiopia : Tigray 1975-1989 / by John Young
    PEASANTS AYD KE'I'OL5Tr'GN IN ETHIOPIA TTGMY !975 - i 989 John J'oung •’3 ,A . Simon Fraser Unn erst?. 1973 M X . Xlciilaster Unltersity. 1974 %IP A . Uniiers~t>of Victoria, 1982 THESIS SUBXfl'ITED IN PARTIAL FULFLLLMENT OF THE REQCIREXiENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PiiILOSOPHY In the Department of POLITICAL SCIENCE O John Young 1994 Sih4ON FRASER UNIVERSITY September 1994 A11 rights resensd. Tlus u.ork may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by phoiocop? or orher means. without permission of the author Nationa! Library Bibliotheque nationale of Canada du Canada Acquisitions an3 Direction des acquis~tionset Bib!iogiaphic Services Branch des services Sibliographiqiles THE AUTHOR HAS GRANTED AN L'AUTEUR A ACCORDE UNE LICENCE IRREVOCABLE NON-EXCLUSIVE IRREVOCABLE ET NON EXCLUSIVE LICENCE ALLOWING THE NATIONAL PElZMETTANT A LA BBLIOTHEQUE LIBRARY OF CANADA TO NATIONALE DU CANADA DE REPRODUCE, LOAN, Df STlUBUTE OR REPRODUIRE, PRETER, DISTRIBUER SELL COPIES OF HISMER TKESIS BY OU VENDRE DES COPIES DE SA ANY MEANS AND IN ANY FORM OR THESE DE QUELQUE MANEE E'f FOrnLAT, mTGTXIS mSIS SOUS QUELQUE FORhaE QUE CE SOI'I' AVAILABLE TO INTERESTED POUR METTRE DES EXEMPLAXRES DlJ PERSONS. CETTE THESE A LA DISPOSITlON DES PERSON INTERESSEES THE AUTHOR RETAINS OWNERSHIP L'AUTEUR CONSERVE LA PROPRIETI OF THE COPYRIGHT IN PIIS/HER DU DROIT D'AUTEUR QUI PROTEGE THESIS. NEITHER THE TMESIS NOR SA THESE. NI LA THESE NI DES SUBSTANTIAL EXTRACTS FROM IT EXTRAITS SUBSTANTIELS DE CELLE- MAY BE PRINTED OR OTHERWISE CI NE DOIWWT ETRlE IMPRIMES OU - REPRODUCED WITHOUT HIS/HER AUTREMENT REPRODUITS SANS SON PERMISSION.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation Practices, State Intervention and Farmers' Life-Worlds In
    Irrigation Practices, State Intervention and Farmers’ Life-Worlds in Drought-Prone Tigray, Ethiopia Promoters: Prof. Dr. N.E. Long Hoogleraar in de ontwikkelingssociologie Wageningen Universiteit Prof. L.F. Vincent Hoogleraar in de irrigatie en waterbouwkunde Wageningen Universiteit Promotiecommissie: Prof. Dr. L. de Haan Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen Prof. Dr. P. Richards Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. P. van der Zaag Universiteit Delft Dr. Ir. D. Hilhorst Wageningen Universiteit Irrigation Practices, State Intervention and Farmers’ Life-Worlds in Drought-Prone Tigray, Ethiopia Woldeab Teshome Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, prof.dr.ir. L. Speelman in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 15 december 2003 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula Woldeab Teshome Irrigation Practices, State intervention and Farmers’ Life-Worlds in Drought-Prone Tigray, Ethiopia ISBN: 90-5808-945-2 Copyright @2003 by Woldeab Teshome To Nishan, Eyobed and Belen Table of Contents xi List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii List of Boxes xiii List of Photos xiv Acronyms xv Glossary of Local Terms xvii Preface and Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Problem 3 1.2 Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches 3 Irrigation and irrigation management 4 Irrigation system as a sociotechnical system 6 Social construction 7 Social requirements for use 8 Social effects 9 The dynamics of State intervention: some central concepts 10 Agency and social actors 11 Life-Worlds 11 Livelihood and
    [Show full text]
  • Local History of Ethiopia
    Local History of Ethiopia Mek - Mekwenta © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) mek (mäq) (A) deep pit HEA94 Mek (Mec) (village) 11/35 [+ Gu] meka (mäqa) (A) kind of reed, Arundo donax, can be used for cutting pens; meka (meeqa) (O) how much? maka (maqaa) (O) name HCH71 Meka 06°59'/35°50' 2049 m, near Shewa Gimira 06/35 [Gz] HEH99c Meka (Meca) (abandoned) 12/36 [+ Gu] HFD07 Mekabir Anbesa (Mek'abir A., Meqabir A.) 13/38 [Gz q] 13°39'/38°12' 1202 m, west of Sekota in Simen HC... Mekakalenye Demeke, in Dalocha wereda 07/38 [n] The school was started in 1983/84, with grade 6 added in 1988/89. In 1993/94 there were 248 boys and 27 girls, with 4 male teachers. [12th Int. Conf. of Ethiopian Studies 1994 p 141] HCE66 Mekale (Mecale), cf Mekele 05/39 [+ WO Gu] HED97 Mekalyes, see Mekane Iyesus HEM02 Mekamechit (Mecamecit) (pass) 2040 m 11/39 [+ Gu] mekan (mäkan) (Geez,A) 1. place; 2. (also mehan) (A) barren, sterile /woman or cattle/; mekan (mäqan) (A,T) lintel, door frame; mekane (T) place /for/, abode of; mekan (mäkan) (A), mekwan (mäkwan) (T) sterile; Mekan, Shuro, a small Nilotic tribe living along the Ethiopia-Sudan border, cf Me'en HEU13 Mekan (Mecan, Mecam, Makhan) 12/39 [+ Gu WO 18] see under Korbeta HEU13 Mekan (pass) 2512 m 12/39 The artist William Simpson from London was at Mekan on 7 May 1868 when accompanying Napier's headquarters on the way back from Mekdela. ?? Mekane Akiset (Makana A.) (historical) ../.. [x] In the district of Selesit which was perhaps in Agame? Sebagades (1818-1831) made a land charter to the convent of Mekane Akiset.
    [Show full text]
  • Memories of the Italian Fascist Occupation of Ethiopia
    MEMORIES OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION OF ETHIOPIA THE ANTI-IMPERIALIST TRIANGLE Publication of the All-Ethiopian Communist League CONTINENTS IN MOTION Monthly Bulletin of News on the WORLD-WIDE Anti-Imperialist Struggle file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/mr/My%20Documents/AIT-FEBRUARY19-2007.htm (1 of 224)3/21/2007 1:41:49 PM MEMORIES OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION OF ETHIOPIA FEBRUARY - 19 (YEKATIT 12) 2007 MEMORIES OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION OF ETHIOPIA 1935-1941: REMEMBERING THE INFAMY OF THE FEBRUARY 19 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/mr/My%20Documents/AIT-FEBRUARY19-2007.htm (2 of 224)3/21/2007 1:41:49 PM MEMORIES OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION OF ETHIOPIA (YEKATIT 12) 1937 INDISCRIMINATE MASS MASSACRE OF CIVILIANS IN ADDIS ABEBA BY THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION FORCES THIS SPECIAL FEBRUARY 19 ISSUE OF THE ANTI- IMPERIALIST TRIANGLE IS DEDICATED: (1) IN MEMORY OF THOSE ETHIOPIANS WHO WERE MASSACRED INDISCRIMINATELY IN ADDIS ABEBA BETWEEN FEBRUARY 19 AND 22, 1937 BY THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPIERS AS WELL AS THE THOUSANDS WHO WERE file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/mr/My%20Documents/AIT-FEBRUARY19-2007.htm (3 of 224)3/21/2007 1:41:49 PM MEMORIES OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION OF ETHIOPIA MARTYRED IN DEFENSE OF ETHIOPIAN NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN THE COURSE OF THE FIVE-YEAR-LONG PATRIOTIC RESISTANCE AGAINST ITALIAN FASCIST OCCUPATION BETWEEN 1935 AND 1941. (2) IN ORDER TO PAY OUR TRIBUTE, AND HONOR THE MEMORY, IN PARTICULAR, OF THE TWO UNFORGETTABLE HEROES, THE ERITREAN-ETHIOPIANS, ABRHA DEBOCH AND MOGUS ASGEDOM FOR THE EXCEPTIONAL VALOR THEY EXHIBITED AND FOR THEIR INDOMITABLE PATRIOTIC SPIRIT IN DEFYING ITALIAN FASCIST/RACIST ARROGANCE BY STRIKING A BLOW AGAINST THE UGLY SYMBOL OF ITALIAN FASCISM ON ETHIOPIAN SOIL, THE BRUTAL AND BRUTISH FASCIST SCOUNDREL, GENERAL GRAZIANI.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Wake of the Overthrow of the Haile-Selassie Regime in Ethiopia In
    In the wake of the overthrow of the Haile-Selassie regime in Ethiopia in 1974 and the coming to power of the military, a number of opposition forces launched insurrections. But only one movement, the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), triumphed, liberating Tigray in 1989, and in an ethnic-based coalition which it dominated, assuming state power in 1991. This is the first chronicle of the history of that struggle, and it is based largely on interviews with peasants who formed the core of the Tigrayan revolution and the TPLF leadership. It provides the necessary background to understanding post-1991 political developments in Ethiopia. It also offers an explanation of peasant-based revolution that contrasts with contemporary approaches by Marxists, Skocpol, and in particular the works of Wolf, Paige, Migdal, and Scott, all of whom largely ignore the political considerations and the role of the revolutionary party, which Dr Young identifies as a critical element in his study. Peasant revolution in Ethiopia African Studies Series 90 Editorial Board Professor Naomi Chazan, The Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Professor Christopher Clapham, Department of Politics and International Relations, Lancaster University Professor Peter Ekeh, Department of African American Studies, State University of New York, Buffalo Dr John Lonsdale, Trinity College, Cambridge Professor Patrick Manning, Department of History, Northeastern University, Boston Published in collaboration with THE AFRICAN STUDIES CENTRE, CAMBRIDGE A list of books in this series will be found at the end of this volume Peasant revolution in Ethiopia The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975-1991 John Young Addis Ababa University I CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.
    [Show full text]
  • "Now the People Are Like a Lord"- Local Effects of Revolutionary
    "Now the People Are Like a Lord"- Local Effects of Revolutionary Reform in a Tigray Village, Northern Ethiopia Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. by Barbara Hendrie Department of Anthropology University College London July 31,1999 2 ABSTRACT The thesis examines aspects of social change in rural Tigray, northern Ethiopia. It is based on fieldwork conducted between February 1993 and February 1995 in two villages located on the south central highland plateau: Enda Mariyam, and Tegula. The majority of fieldwork was conducted in Enda Mariyam - a village of some 228 farming households - and spanned two complete agricultural years. The thesis considers the local implications of reform measures implemented by nationalist rebels - the Tigray People's Liberation Front - as part of a revolutionary agenda for the transformation of "traditional" Ethiopian peasant society. These measures included, most notably, land tenure reform, as well as changes in customary law and the re-organisation of rural administration. In addition, campaigns were mounted aimed at modifying certain aspects of peasant practice. In the context of a village-based ethnography, the thesis aims to qualify the most significant effects of these measures on social life and livelihoods. A key concern is how reform measures have affected the relationship between subsistence-oriented production, social organisation, and social stratification. In a setting where agricultural inputs - including land, oxen, and seed - are scarce, differential abilities amongst farming households to access agricultural inputs informs the pattern of social relationships. In this context, land reform is intimately linked to changes in the dynamics of wealth differentiation and social stratification in the village.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Rebellion and Famine in the North Under Haile Selassie
    3. REBELLION AND FAMINE IN THE NORTH UNDER HAILE SELASSIE Northern Marginalization under Shewan Rule The northern provinces of Gonder, Gojjam, Wollo and Tigray are the heartland of the "core" culture of Ethiopia -- the Ethiopian Orthodox church, the Amharic language and script, plow-based agriculture, and many elements of the social system of the country derive from this historic region. Most of the Emperors also came from here. At the end of the 19th century, the center of power in Ethiopia decisively shifted from the north to Shewa, with the assumption of the title of Emperor by Menelik, King of Shewa. Menelik was an Amhara, from the dynasty that ruled Manz, at the northern tip of the modern province of Shewa. The majority of the inhabitants of the rest of Shewa were Oromo -- as is the case today. In terms of descent, the group that became politically dominant in Shewa (and subsequently in Ethiopia) was a mixture of Amhara and Oromo; in terms of language, religion and cultural practices, it was Amhara. The northern Amhara regarded the Shewans as "Galla" (the pejorative term for Oromo),1 and together with the Tigrayans and some of the Agau and Oromo people in Wollo, resisted the new Shewan domination, which led to their economic and political marginalization. Revolt in Wollo Between 1928 and 1930 there was a rebellion -- or a series of rebellions -- in northern Wollo against Shewan domination. The specific political cause was support for Ras Gugsa Wale, a northern Amhara lord with a strong claim on the throne, against the Shewan Ras Teferi (who crowned himself the Emperor Haile Selassie after defeating the revolt).
    [Show full text]
  • Aksoum (Ethiopia): an Inquiry Into the State of Documentation And
    Aksoum (Ethiopia) : an inquiry into the state of documentation and preservation of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments Hiluf Berhe Woldeyohannes To cite this version: Hiluf Berhe Woldeyohannes. Aksoum (Ethiopia) : an inquiry into the state of documentation and preservation of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments. Archaeology and Prehistory. Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2015. English. NNT : 2015TOU20126. tel-01341824 HAL Id: tel-01341824 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01341824 Submitted on 4 Jul 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 5)µ4& &OWVFEFMPCUFOUJPOEV %0$503"5%&-6/*7&34*5²%&506-064& %ÏMJWSÏQBS Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès 1SÏTFOUÏFFUTPVUFOVFQBS Hiluf Berhe Woldeyohannes le lundi 7 décembre 2015 5JUSF AKSUM (ETHIOPIA): AN INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF DOCUMENTATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HERITAGE SITES AND MONUMENTS ²DPMF EPDUPSBMF et discipline ou spécialité ED TESC : Anthropologie sociale et historique 6OJUÏEFSFDIFSDIF UMR 5608 TRACES %JSFDUFVSUSJDF
    [Show full text]