WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW? Some people thought that came from ancient creatures such as dragons. Some people did not believe that fossils came from living animals or plants but were just part of the rocks.

WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST NOTICE? found complete and incomplete skeletons.

WHAT QUESTION DO YOU THINK THE SCIENTIST ASKED? What does the complete fossil look like? Are there animals alive today like the fossils?

WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST DO? Mary found many different fossilised animals. MARY ANNING MARY

WHAT WOULD YOU DO NEXT?

WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST WHAT DID OTHER SCIENTISTS FIND OUT? DO NEXT? Mary’s fossils convinced other people that Scientists are still finding new fossils. They use these were the remains of animals that lived carbon-14 dating to find out how old the animal a long time ago. or plant is. This helps us to understand how living things have evolved. A TIMELINE OF THE USE OF FOSSILS

BEFORE 1800s 1811–1821 ‘Devil’s toenails’. gave theminteresting namessuchas and didnotknow whattheywere, so People oftenfound fossils onthebeach Society inLondon. on theichthyosaur totheGeological palaeontologists, presented apaper Conybeare (1821) DelaBeche& . attheRoyal Societyin to theKing,presented apaperonthe Everard Home(1814), . fossilised remains ofanichthyosaur at and herbrother Joseph discovered the Anning(1811) Mary both Mary Anning Anning Mary

surgeon surgeon

1823 / 1824 not invited. whether itwasafake, was butMary Geographical Society. Theydebated plesiosaurtothe described Mary’s William Conybeare (1824) skeleton atLyme Regis. a nearlycomplete plesiosaur Anning(1823) Mary

1830 her expenses. clubbed together to raise moneyto helpwith with breast cancer, Society theGeological her life. Eventually, when Anningwasdiagnosed the scientific community and remained poorall fullyin Anningwasunable toparticipate Mary sold printstoraise moneyfor Mary. based onfossils Anningfound thatMary and DelaBechepainted‘DuriaAntiquior’ Henry discovered

1947 calculate whentheanimalorplantdied. calculate information beusedto thatcan of 14C in afossil sampleprovides Measuringtheamount new carbon. living organism dies,itstopstakingin living thingmore accurately. Whena to determinetheageofaformerly Carbon-14 datingenablesscientists

2016 that dinosaurs hadfeathers. Myanmar. Thisfossil suggests soft tissue,were found in preserved inamberincluding of Coelurosaur, fully Tail fossils ofababyspecies CURRENT extinct organisms. bodies andmovements of skeletons, andvisualisethe programs reconstruct can structure. Advanced computer scanners reveal afossil’s internal fossils. X-ray machinesandCT tiniest detailsofthesmallest Electron microscopes studythe examine anddescribefossils. A variety oftoolsare used to A TIMELINE OF THE USE OF FOSSILS

BEFORE 1800s 1811–1821 them‘Devil’s toesnails’. they called People didnotknow whattheywere so What doyou thinktheseare called? Society andtheRoyal Societyin London. share theirknowledge attheGeological Gentlemen scientistswere ableto these fossils? How didtheworld hearabout ichthyosaur atLyme Regis. discovered thefossilised remains ofan AnningandherbrotherMary Joseph Who found thisin1811?

1823 / 1824 about the find. Mary wasnotinvited. about thefind.Mary Conybeare toldthe Geographical Society Was itafake? skeleton atLyme Regis. The first almost complete plesiosaur What did Mary Anning find in 1823? Anningfindin1823? What didMary

1830 To raise moneyfor Mary, shewaspoor. because of thispainting? Why DelaBechesell copies didHenry 1830

1947 they died. non-living objectstowork outwhen the amountofradioactive in carbon Since fossils are? we tellhowHow old can 1947 , scientistshave measured

2016 dinosaurs mayhave hadfeathers. in China–thissuggestedthatmost in amber, includingfeathers, were found 2016 Tail fossils ofacoelurosaur, preserved discovered today? Are newfossils being CURRENT • modelmovement • tovisualisethebodies • toreconstruct skeletons understand extinct organisms? How willcomputers helpus • CTscanners • X-ray machines • Electron microscopes at fossils inthefuture? What toolswillwe usetolook

A TIMELINE OF THE USE OF FOSSILS

BEFORE 1800s 1811–1821 What doyou thinktheseare called? about thesefossils? How didtheworld hear What isit? Who found thisin1811?

1823 / 1824 Is itafake? What isthis?

1830 sell copies of his painting? sell copies ofhispainting? Why DelaBeche didHenry

1947

old fossils are? we tellhow How can

2016 being found today? Are newfossils still CURRENT understand extinct organisms? How willcomputers helpus at fossils inthefuture? What toolswillwe usetolook

MARY ANNING ACTIVITY 1 Real BodyPart Name given Anning’stime inMary ICTHYOSAUR VERTEBRA CROCODILE’S TOOTH VERTEBERRIES, VERTEBERRIES, SERPENT STONE SNAKESTONES, AMMONITE

DEVIL’S FINGERS, THUNDERBOLTS BELEMNITES FROM GOD

(FAECES –DINOSAUR POO) BEZOAR STONE

BIVALVE MOLLUSC DEVIL’S TOENAILS OYSTER-LIKE

MARY ANNING ACTIVITY 2 Part 3 Part 1 Part 2 UNFOLDING FOSSIL FABLES

We are going to learn about Mary Anning and the fossils that she discovered. We will be exploring what fossils can tell us.

VOCABULARY FOSSIL EVIDENCE PREDICT PRESERVE ADAPTATION HABITAT WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW?

Much of what people knew Some people now believe that A large fossilised ancient rhino about fossils was due to myths the discovery of certain fossils leg bone was believed to belong and folklore. started the myth that there to a giant. People thought that were dragons and serpents. the giant had been struck down by a lightning bolt from one of the gods.

Why do you think people believed these ideas? WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW?

People did not know what these fossils were or where they had come from WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW?

4 cm 15 cm 8 cm 3 cm 5 cm

Be as creative as you can. Pretend you know nothing about fossils. What would you call these fossils? WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW?

These are the names that people used to give to these fossils

THUNDERBOLTS A CROCODILE’S TOOTH SNAKESTONE BEZOAR STONES DEVIL’S TOE NAILS

Can you match the correct name to the fossil?

4 cm 15 cm 8 cm 3 cm 5 cm WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW?

4 cm 15 cm 8 cm 3 cm 5 cm

A CROCODILE’S TOOTH SNAKESTONE THUNDERBOLTS DEVIL’S TOE NAILS BEZOAR STONE

What do you think these really are? WHAT DID PEOPLE ALREADY KNOW?

4 cm 15 cm 8 cm 3 cm 5 cm

A CROCODILE’S TOOTH SNAKESTONE THUNDERBOLTS DEVIL’S TOE NAILS BEZOAR STONE

ICTHYOSAUR AMMONITE BELEMNOIDAE COPROLITE (VERTEBRA) (SHELL) (PART OF A SQUID) BIVALVE MOLLUSC (FOSSILISED POO) WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST NOTICE?

As well as thinking that fossils were ancient mythological creatures, some people believed that fossils had never been living plants or animals. They suggested that the imprints had been made by the rocks themselves. Mary Anning found the fossilised skull of an animal. A couple of months later she found the remains of the rest of the animal. AFTER SHE FOUND THE SKULL OF THE FOSSILISED ANIMAL, WHAT QUESTION DO YOU THINK SHE ASKED? AFTER SHE FOUND THE SKULL OF THE FOSSILISED ANIMAL, WHAT QUESTION DO YOU THINK SHE ASKED?

What does the complete fossil look like? Are there animals alive today like the fossils? WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST DO? WHAT WILL YOU DO?

1. Draw the missing parts of the fossil

STICK YOUR FOSSIL 2. Label what you think the PART/S HERE animal was like: • How did it move? • What did it eat? • How did it protect itself? • How did it attract mates?

3. Be prepared to present this to your class. WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST FIND OUT? WHAT DID YOU FIND OUT?

7 metres WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST FIND OUT? WHAT DID YOU FIND OUT?

This is a plesiosaur

Will we always think it looks like this? What can we not tell about an animal from a fossil? Mary Anning found the first complete ichthyosaur, a plesiosaur, a pterodactylus and other fossilised animals. She never went to London to talk about her work and she was poor all of her life.

Henry de la Beche

Why do you think these gentlemen were able to talk about their ideas at the Geological Society in London? William Conybeare WHAT DID THE SCIENTIST FIND OUT?

The fossils that Mary Anning found helped to convince people that they were the remains of dead animals and plants that had lived a long time ago and which had died out. WHAT DID OTHER SCIENTISTS DO NEXT?

In 2010, the Royal Society voted Mary Anning as one of the ten women in British history who have had the most influence on science

1947 – Carbon14 dating Present and Future When a living organism dies, it stops taking in new A variety of tools are used to examine and describe carbon. By looking at the carbon in a fossil sample fossils. Electron microscopes study the tiniest and comparing it to a living organism, we can work details of the smallest fossils. X-ray machines and out how old a fossil is. CT scanners reveal fossils’ internal structures. Advanced computer programs can reconstruct skeletons and visualise the bodies and movements of extinct organisms. WHAT ARE CURRENT SCIENTISTS DOING?

Professor Alice Roberts is an evolutionary biologist. She is a medical doctor and understands how the body works. She carries out research into how humans originated. She also looks at ancient skeletons to see how they were effected by disease. What questions do you have about animals and plants that have become extinct?

WHAT WOULD YOU DO NEXT?