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48. (J) De Oud-Germaanse Religie (§§ Dit document vormt een onderdeel van de website https://www.religies-overzichtelijk.nl Hier vindt u tevens de koppelingen naar de andere teksten en de indexen, de toelichtingen en de afkortingen Laatste bewerking: 26-09-2020 [j] De Oud-Germaanse religie (§§ 476 – 521) (De Vries)1 1 De god Baldr…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 1.1 (§ 476) Inleiding tot de god Baldr ....................................................................... 5 1.2 De mythe van Baldr ....................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 De mythe van Baldr in de Snorra Edda .......................................................... 7 1.2.1.1 De inhoud van de mythe van Baldr in de Snorra Edda ..................................... 8 1.2.1.2 (§ 477-4) De bronnen van de mythe van Baldr in de Snorra Edda ....................... 9 1.2.2 De mythe van Baldr in de Poëtische Edda .................................................... 10 1.2.2.1 (§ 478-1) Algemene opmerkingen t.a.v. de mythe van Baldr in de Poëtische Edda 11 1.2.2.2 (§ 478-2) Loki’s rol in de mythe van Baldr in de Poëtische Edda ...................... 12 1.2.2.3 (§ 478-3) Conclusies t.a.v. Loki’s rol in de mythe van Baldr ........................... 13 1.2.3 De mythe van Baldr in Saxo’s Gesta Danorum................................................ 14 1.2.3.1 (§ 479-1) De inhoud van de mythe van Baldr in Saxo’s Gesta Danorum .............. 15 1.2.3.2 (§ 479-2) De verschillen tussen Snorri’s en Saxo’s Baldr-mythe ....................... 16 1.2.4 (§ 480) De mythe van Baldr en zijn verwantschap met een episode in het Bēowulf- epos ....................................................................................................... 17 1.2.5 (§ 481) De betekenis van de namen Baldr, Höðr en Nanna ................................ 18 1.2.6 Het motief van de onschuldige maretak als wapen in de mythe van Baldr ............. 19 1.2.6.1 (§ 482-1) Algemene opmerkingen t.a.v. het motief van de onschuldige maretak als wapen in de mythe van Baldr ............................................................................. 20 1.2.6.2 (§ 482-2) Het probleem van het oorspronkelijke wapen in de mythe van Baldr .... 21 1.2.6.3 (§ 482-3) De mythische betekenis van de maretak in de mythe van Baldr ........... 22 1.2.6.4 (§ 482-4) De oorsprong van de mythe van Baldrs dood op grond van het maretak- motief .................................................................................................... 23 1.2.7 De motieven van de behandeling van de dode in de mythe van Baldr ................... 24 1.2.7.1 (§ 483) Motieven rond Baldrs dood en wederopstanding ................................ 25 1.2.7.2 (§ 484-1) De rol van de reuzin Hyrrokkin en de dwerg Litr ............................. 26 1.2.8 De Hermóðr-episode in de mythe van Baldr .................................................. 27 1.2.8.1 (§ 485-1) Algemene opmerkingen t.a.v. de Hermóðr-episode in de mythe van Baldr …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28 1.2.8.2 (§ 485-2) De menselijke held Heremōd ..................................................... 29 1.2.8.3 (§ 485-3) De relatie tussen Hermóðr en de vegetatiecultus ............................ 30 1.3 Het probleem van het bestaan van een Baldr-cultus ............................................. 31 1.3.1 (§ 486-1) Theofore plaatsnamen met Baldr als eerste lid .................................. 32 1.3.2 (§ 486-2) De plantennaam Baldrsbrár.......................................................... 33 1.4 De verklaring van de god Baldr en de Baldr-mythe ................................................ 34 1.4.1 (§ 487) De verklaring van de god Baldr en de Baldr-mythe volgens het oudere onderzoek ....................................................................................................... 35 1.4.2 (§ 488) De naam van de god Baldr in West-Europa en Engeland .......................... 36 1.4.3 (§ 489) Mogelijk verband tussen Baldr en de oosterse vegetatiecultussen .............. 37 1.4.4 Conclusies t.a.v. de Baldr-mythe ............................................................... 38 1.4.4.1 (§ 490-1) Het karakter van de Baldr-mythe ................................................ 39 1.4.4.2 (§ 490-2) De Baldr-mythe als initiatiemythe (De Vries) ................................. 40 2 De god Heimdallr 41 2.1 (§ 491) De bronnen voor Heimdallr ................................................................... 42 2.2 (§ 492) Het oudere onderzoek t.a.v. Heimdallr .................................................... 43 2.3 (§ 493) Heimdallr als god van de wereldas .......................................................... 44 2.4 Met Heimdallr verbonden motieven .................................................................. 45 2.4.1 (§ 494-1) Heimdallr en het Heimdallarhljóð .................................................. 46 2.4.2 (§ 494-2) Heimdallr en de aurugr fors ........................................................ 47 2.4.3 (§ 494-3) Heimdallr en de negen moeders .................................................... 48 2.4.4 (§ 494-4) Heimdallr en overige motieven ..................................................... 49 2.5 (§ 495) De verklaring van Heimdallr door De Vries ................................................ 50 3 Dioscurische goden………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51 3.1 (§ 496-1) Inleiding tot de dioscurische goden ...................................................... 52 3.2 (§ 496-1 en § 497) Verklaringen van de dioscurische goden in universeel en IE verband ... 53 3.3 (§ 498-1) De bronnen voor een dioscurencultus bij de Germanen .............................. 54 3.4 Nadere analyse van de Alcis, de Germaanse dioscuren ........................................... 55 3.4.1 (§ 498-2) De ‘vrouwelijke dracht’ van de priester m.b.t. de dioscuren ................. 56 3.4.2 (§ 499-1) Het probleem van de uitbeelding van de Germaanse dioscuren .............. 57 3.4.3 (§ 499-2) De verklaring van de naam Alcis .................................................... 58 3.4.4 (§ 499-3) De functie van de Germaanse dioscuren (De Vries) ............................. 59 3.4.5 Menselijke broederparen uit de heldenliteratuur als bewijs voor een Germaanse dioscurencultus ................................................................................................. 60 3.4.5.1 (§ 500-1) Het motief van het broederpaar dat leiding geeft aan een kolonisatiebeweging ........................................................................................ 61 3.4.5.2 (§ 500-2) Het verband tussen de Haddingjar en een Germaanse dioscurencultus .. 62 3.4.5.3 (§ 500-3) Overige verbanden met een Germaanse dioscurencultus ................... 63 3.5 (§ 500-4) Conclusie t.a.v. de Germaanse dioscuren ............................................... 64 4 De god Loki…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….65 4.1 De mythologie van Loki ................................................................................. 66 4.1.1 (§ 501) Loki als begeleider van Thor ........................................................... 67 4.1.2 Loki als tegenstander van Thor ................................................................. 68 4.1.3 (§ 502-3) Loki als grappenmaker ................................................................ 69 4.1.4 (§ 503) Loki als metgezel van Odin en Hœnir ................................................ 70 4.1.5 (§ 504-1) Loki en Heimdallr ...................................................................... 71 4.1.6 (§ 504-2) Loki als vijand der goden ............................................................. 72 4.2 Het karakter van Loki ................................................................................... 73 4.2.1 (§ 505) Algemene karaktertrekken van Loki .................................................. 74 4.2.2 De positie van Loki t.a.v. goden en demonen ................................................ 75 4.2.2.1 (§ 506-1) Loki’s verwanten ................................................................... 76 4.2.2.2 (§ 506-2) Commentaar op de verwantschapsverhoudingen rond Loki ................. 77 4.2.3 (§ 507) Loki in de volkstraditie .................................................................. 78 4.2.4 Interpretatie van het karakter van Loki ....................................................... 79 4.2.4.1 (§ 508-1) Interpretatie van het karakter van Loki volgens het oudere onderzoek .. 80 4.2.4.2 (§ 508-2) Interpretatie van het karakter van Loki volgens Dumézil ................... 81 5 De overige mannelijke goden……………………………………………………………………………………………… 82 5.1 (§ 509) Inleiding tot de overige mannelijke goden ................................................ 83 5.2 De god Hœnir............................................................................................. 84 5.2.1 (§ 510-1) Hœnir in de literatuur ................................................................ 85 5.2.2 (§ 510-2) Verklaring van Hœnir ................................................................. 86 5.3 De god Lóðurr ............................................................................................ 87 5.3.1 (§ 511-1) Lóðurr in de literatuur ................................................................ 88 5.3.2 (§ 511-2) Het wezenlijk karakter van Lóðurr ................................................. 89 5.4 De god Bragi .............................................................................................. 90 5.4.1 (§ 512-1) Bragi in de literatuur .................................................................
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