DOCSLIB.ORG

Serbian Medieval Monuments (2003)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Serbian Medieval Monuments (2003) Study: Les Monastères orthodoxes dans les Balkans, Serbian Medieval Monuments (2003). (Serbia and Montenegro) Date of ICOMOS approval of this report: 15 January 2006 No 724 bis 3. THE PROPERTY Description The property consists of three churches, the Patriarchate of 1. BASIC DATA Peć Monastery, Gračanica Monastery and the Church of State Party: Serbia and Montenegro the Virgin of Ljeviša, Prizren, as a serial nomination linked to the Dečani Monastery, inscribed in 2004. Name of property: Serbian Medieval Monuments of Kosovo and Metohija The churches are presented with Dečani as representing the high points of the discrete ecclesiastical culture that Location: Province of Kosovo and Metohija developed in the Balkans in the 13th century under the Serbian Nemanjič dynasty (1166 – 1371), and persisted Date received by until the 17th the World Heritage Centre: 4 January 2005 century. Included in the Tentative List: 18 March 2002 The three nominated properties and the Dečani monastery (Gračanica Monastery) / 28 January 2005 (Patriarchate of comprise a group with shared donors, builders or master Peć Monastery and Church of the Virgin of Ljeviša) painters as well as similar architectural principles and typologies. Together their buildings represent the International Assistance from the World Heritage Fund for development of art and architecture in the Balkans from preparing the nomination: No the 13th to the 17th centuries and particularly the th Category of property: achievements of the 14 century. In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in Patriarchate of Peć Monastery Article 1 of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a serial nomination of several sites. The Patriarchate of Peć Monastery consists of a group of four churches, on the outskirts of Peć at the entrance to the Brief description: Rugovo gorge. Three of the churches, of the Holy Apostles, St Demetrius and the Holy Virgin, were built A group of three churches, the Patriarchate of Peć against each other and are interconnected with a shared Monastery, Gračanica Monastery and the Church of the narthex, giving the impression from above of one building Virgin of Ljeviša, mainly built in the 13th and 14th with three domes, a unique architectural symbiosis. All centuries reflect with Dečani Monastery the high points of the churches display an extensive series of wall paintings. the discrete Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical culture Slightly separate is the fourth church or chapel of that developed in the Balkans in the 13th century under the St Nicholas. The churches were originally part of a large Nemanja dynasty, and which persisted until the 17th monastic complex enclosed by a wall with five towers, but century. The churches contain significant manifestations of none of the early secular buildings survive. the Palaiologos Renaissance style of mural painting. The churches still preserve their picturesque setting. Around the churches and in caves in the Rugovo gorge, 2. ACTIONS many smaller churches and hermitages developed: the Background: This nomination is a proposal for an name Peć, adopted later than the churches, comes from the extension of Dečani Monastery inscribed on the World Old Slavic pest, a cave. One of the remaining hermitages, Heritage List at the 28th session of the World Heritage Marko’s cave, is included in the Buffer Zone. Committee (Suzhou, 2004) on the basis of criteria ii and iv. The nominated area of 1.53ha covers the area enclosed by the monastic wall. The buffer zone of 99.80ha extends to Date of the Technical Evaluation Mission: 21-28 the south over a portion of the Rugovo Gorge and to the September 2005 north over the outskirts of the town of Peć. The Serbian th Dates of request for additional information and of receipt Archbishopric was transferred to Peć in the late 13 from State Party: None century. The main construction of the churches, incorporating existing buildings, was in the second half of Consultations: ICOMOS has consulted its International the 13th century, but building work continued until the end Scientific Committee on Wall Paintings. of the 16th century. Peć became the spiritual centre and mausoleum of Serb Patriarchs, and the place for the Literature: Many publications on Byzantine art and coronations of kings. architecture including: Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261-1557) Edited by Helen C. Evans, The Metropolitan The monastery is now enclosed by a high wall with an Museum of Art and Yale University Press, 2004; Panić, entrance tower. The main church of the Holy Apostles was D., & Babić, G., Bogorodica Ljevisa, 1975; Ćurčić, S., built in the third decade of the 13th century. Its layout Gračanico, King Milutin’s Church and its Place in late conforms to the 13th century Ras school of Serbian Byzantine Architecture, 1979; Djurić, V. J., Ćirković, S., & Korac, V., Pećka patrijaršija, 1990; ICOMOS Thematic 141 churches. Built of stone, it has no aisles, a transept and a ruins of an older 13th-century church of the Theotokos, dome. which was in turn built on the ruins of a 6th-century early- Christian, three-naved basilica. Only the church remains Between 1316 and 1324 the church of St Demetrius was from the original monastery complex, which was intended constructed to the north and adjoining the earlier church. It as the seat of the Lipljan bishops. is slightly smaller and has similarly a single nave and dome but walls of alternating lines of stone and brick. The nominated area of 1.22 ha consists of the monastery church and a rectangular area of grass surrounding it In 1328 the third church of the Holy Virgin of Hodegetria enclosed by a low wall. The buffer zone of 12.10 ha was built adjoining on the south side of the Holy Apostles, includes part of the village of the same name. The church and at the same time a monumental narthex porch was has five domes, arranged in a sort of pyramid formation, built on the west side linking all three churches. The and polychrome walls of alternating courses of grey stone narthex has a barrel vault covering a central space and two and red bricks, with raised light mortar courses, in the so- aisles. Originally open on the west side with a series of called Byzantine ‘cloisonné’ system. The interior is richly elegant arcades, this was later filled in. decorated with further examples of Palaiologian Renaissance paintings. The similarity of construction of certain parts of the structure with the Dečani Monastery could imply that the The church is in two parts; the main church and a narthex builders of the Peć churches were master Dorde, and his added to the west façade. The central part of the church is brothers Nikola and Dobrosav, who worked on the Dečani a cross-in-square naos (nave). The narthex is a three aisled Monastery. structure roofed with barrel vaults either side and a central blind calotte (low window-less dome). By 1260, the Church of Holy Apostles was adorned with frescoes, preserved in the dome and altar space. These The plan, spatial arrangement, decorative wall treatment paintings reflect a mature phase of a plastic monumental and wall paintings together have made it an emblematic style of painting for which no analogies have been structure for Balkan architecture of the 14th century discovered. reflecting the spirit of the Byzantine tradition but slightly modified by western influence. Half a century later the west side of the church of the Holy Virgin and the narthex were decorated with a series of The interior paintings were carried out by painters from frescoes in a new style, the so called Palaiologian King Milutin’s workshop headed by Michael Astrapa and Renaissance style of Byzantium (after the dynasty of that Eutychios from Thessaloniki who worked at the church for name). These frescoes, along with those in the churches in almost two decades, completing the work in 1321. They Gračanica and Prizren, came to play a decisive role in the are fine examples of the Palaiologos Renaissance style and development of art in the Balkans. have been preserved almost in their entirety. In the altar, main dome and smaller domes are depictions of the In the church of the Holy Apostles, on the ceiling are the Eucharist and Old Testament themes. On the upper part of cycle of the passion of Christ, on the south wall, portraits walls numerous cycles show Great Feasts, Christ’s Public of members of the ruling Nemanjič dynasty and two Ministry, miracles, parables and the passion of Christ. grandiose half length portraits of St Nicholas and the Beneath these around the whole church are lines of saints Virgin Eleousa with Christ are on the west wall. and holy warriors. In the narthex passage the founder, King Milutin and his wife and ancestors are portrayed. In the church of the Holy Virgin there are paintings in the dome, on vaults, on the upper walls and on the walls of the Paintings were added to the external narthex at two periods diakonikon and prothesi, as separate chapels of Christ, the in the 16th century. These include a gallery of around 30 Divine Liturgy, prophets, the Resurrection and the life of pictures of Serbian bishops painted by artists from local the Virgin. These differ from the formal ‘classicism’ of workshops. those in the narthex and for the first time in the choir holy warriors and holy monks were painted against each other – Church of the Virgin of Ljeviša a pattern that was to persist in Serbian wall paintings. The church sits on the banks of the river Bistrica in the centre of the town of Prizren. Around 1345, in order to prepare the church for its new function as the seat of the Serbian Patriarchate, the church The nominated area of 12.39ha includes the church and a of St Demetrius had further paintings added including small open area surrounding it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Monasteries
    Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Monasteries Atlas of Whether used as a scholarly introduction into Eastern Christian monasticism or researcher’s directory or a travel guide, Alexei Krindatch brings together a fascinating collection of articles, facts, and statistics to comprehensively describe Orthodox Christian Monasteries in the United States. The careful examina- Atlas of American Orthodox tion of the key features of Orthodox monasteries provides solid academic frame for this book. With enticing verbal and photographic renderings, twenty-three Orthodox monastic communities scattered throughout the United States are brought to life for the reader. This is an essential book for anyone seeking to sample, explore or just better understand Orthodox Christian monastic life. Christian Monasteries Scott Thumma, Ph.D. Director Hartford Institute for Religion Research A truly delightful insight into Orthodox monasticism in the United States. The chapters on the history and tradition of Orthodox monasticism are carefully written to provide the reader with a solid theological understanding. They are then followed by a very human and personal description of the individual US Orthodox monasteries. A good resource for scholars, but also an excellent ‘tour guide’ for those seeking a more personal and intimate experience of monasticism. Thomas Gaunt, S.J., Ph.D. Executive Director Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) This is a fascinating and comprehensive guide to a small but important sector of American religious life. Whether you want to know about the history and theology of Orthodox monasticism or you just want to know what to expect if you visit, the stories, maps, and directories here are invaluable.
    [Show full text]
  • KFOS LOCAL and INTERNATIONAL VOLUME II.Pdf
    EDITED BY IOANNIS ARMAKOLAS AGON DEMJAHA LOCAL AND AROLDA ELBASANI STEPHANIE SCHWANDNER- SIEVERS INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KOSOVO’S STATEHOOD VOLUME II LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KOSOVO’S STATEHOOD —VOLUME II EDITED BY: IOANNIS ARMAKOLAS AGON DEMJAHA AROLDA ELBASANI STEPHANIE SCHWANDNER-SIEVERS Copyright ©2021 Kosovo Foundation for Open Society. All rights reserved. PUBLISHER: Kosovo Foundation for Open Society Imzot Nikë Prelaj, Vila 13, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo. Issued in print and electronic formats. “Local and International Determinants of Kosovo’s Statehood: Volume II” EDITORS: Ioannis Armakolas Agon Demjaha Arolda Elbasani Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers PROGRAM COORDINATOR: Lura Limani Designed by Envinion, printed by Envinion, on recycled paper in Prishtina, Kosovo. ISBN 978-9951-503-06-8 CONTENTS ABOUT THE EDITORS 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12 INTRODUCTION 13 CULTURE, HERITAGE AND REPRESENTATIONS 31 — Luke Bacigalupo Kosovo and Serbia’s National Museums: A New Approach to History? 33 — Donjetë Murati and Stephanie Schwandner- Sievers An Exercise in Legitimacy: Kosovo’s Participation at 1 the Venice Biennale 71 — Juan Manuel Montoro Imaginaries and Media Consumptions of Otherness in Kosovo: Memories of the Spanish Civil War, Latin American Telenovelas and Spanish Football 109 — Julianne Funk Lived Religious Perspectives from Kosovo’s Orthodox Monasteries: A Needs Approach for Inclusive Dialogue 145 LOCAL INTERPRETATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL RULES 183 — Meris Musanovic The Specialist Chambers in Kosovo: A Hybrid Court between
    [Show full text]
  • Original Scientific Paper SOLSTICE ORIENTATION of THE
    Available online at www.gi.sanu.ac.rs J. Geogr. Inst. Cvijic. 62(1) (1-9) Original scientific paper UDC: 910.1:51(497.11) DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1201001T SOLSTICE ORIENTATION OF THE ST NICHOLAS’ CHURCH MONASTERY STUDENICA, SERBIA Мilutin Tadić1*, Sava Anđelić** * University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography ** GH Army of Serbia, Belgrade Received 16 August 2011; reviewed 16 November 2011; accepted 19 March 2012 Abstract: St Nicholas’ Church of the Serbian monastery Studenica was erected in 13th century, before 1230. This is a modest one-nave building with an entrance on the west and the apse on the east side. In order to explain a large deviation of the longitudinal axis of the church from the south- east direction, the following has been done: 1) deviation of the longitudinal axis of the church from the east direction (24o to the NE) was accurately measured; 2) a corresponding sector of true horizon of the church was constructed in the orthographic transverse map projection; 3) the position of the point where ends the line of observation in the vertical axis of the church and the position of the point of actual Sunrise of Summer Solstice were determined topographically on the true horizon. Since the distance between these points is about 1.5o, it can be said that the proto- master probably founded the Church St Nicholas on the basis of Summer Solstice. A direct check made on 21st of June, 2011 confirmed the accuracy of the applied method. Key words: mathematical geography, archeoastronomy, church orientation, the St Nicholas’ church, the Studenica monastery Introduction In the Serbian monastery Studenica, thirty meters southeast of the Virgin Church (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Dermatology and Venereology in Serbia - Part I: Medieval Dermatovenereology
    B. Lalević-Vasić and B. Bobić Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2009; 1: 38-45 Medieval dermatovenereology in Serbia DOI: 10.2478/v10249-011-0100-2 History of dermatology and venereology in Serbia - part I: Medieval dermatovenereology Bosiljka M. Lalević-VASIĆ1* and Branko BOBIĆ2 1Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2Branko BOBIĆ, Medical Research Institute, Belgrade, Serbia *Correspondence: Bosiljka LALEVIĆ-VASIĆ, E-mail: [email protected] UDC 616.5(497.11)(091) UDC 616.97(497.11)(091) Abstract Medieval medicine in Serbia used to be the scientific medicine of that time. It included dermatology and venereology, which developed into an independent discipline in the second half of the 19th century. The most relevant sources for studying dermatology and venereology are Serbian medieval medical and therapeutic codices. The terms used in the manuscripts report about the diseases people in Serbia suffered from and were treated for in the Middle Ages. The following diseases were reported: scabies, leprosy, fungal scalp infections, as well as psoriasis, crusts (pyococcal ulcers), granulation, baldness, excessive body hair, leg wounds and old wounds, facial spots, unspecified skin diseases, urethritis and syphilis. Special attention was also given to cosmetics. Topical remedies were applied – various herbs, sulphur, mercury, tar, pyrethrum, plasters, ground glass, auripigment – in the form of a powder, liniment, ointment or plaster. he history is one and indivisible, and all events in the late 18th and early 19th century (1). Similar Tin the development of humankind or a nation developments followed in Serbia, although under together create a real totality.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovo & Serbia
    FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 18 March 2004 KOSOVO & SERBIA: Churches & mosques destroyed amid inter-ethnic violence By Felix Corley, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org>, and <br> Branko Bjelajac, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> Large scale violence in Kosovo and Serbia before the 5th anniversary of Nato's bombing raids has seen many Serbian Orthodox churches and mosques attacked, amid disputed suggestions, including by an un-named UNMIK official, that the violence in Kosovo was planned as a "pogrom against Serbs: churches are on fire and people are being attacked for no other reason than their ethnic background", Forum 18 News Service has learnt. In the Serbian capital Belgrade and in the southern city of Nis, mobs set two mosques on fire despite the pleas of the Serbian Orthodox Church. In Belgrade, Metropolitan Amfilohije of Montenegro and the Littoral personally pleaded with the mob and urged police and firefighters to react and preserve "what could be preserved". After initial hesitation for fear of the mob, firefighters and police did intervene, so the Belgrade mosque, which is "under state protection", was saved from complete destruction. In Kosovo since 1999, many attacks have been made on Orthodox shrines, without UNMIK, KFOR, or the mainly ethnically Albanian Kosovo Protection Service making any arrests of attackers. Some of the Serbian Orthodox Church's most revered shrines have been burnt amid the upsurge of inter-ethnic violence that erupted in Kosovo on 17 March, leaving at least 22 people dead and several hundred wounded.
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Military Operations in Kosovo: 1999-2001, Lessons Learned For
    LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES Center for Law and Military Operations (CLAMO) The Judge Advocate General’s School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS (CLAMO) Director COL David E. Graham Deputy Director LTC Stuart W. Risch Director, Domestic Operational Law (vacant) Director, Training & Support CPT Alton L. (Larry) Gwaltney, III Marine Representative Maj Cody M. Weston, USMC Advanced Operational Law Studies Fellows MAJ Keith E. Puls MAJ Daniel G. Jordan Automation Technician Mr. Ben R. Morgan Training Centers LTC Richard M. Whitaker Battle Command Training Program LTC James W. Herring Battle Command Training Program MAJ Phillip W. Jussell Battle Command Training Program CPT Michael L. Roberts Combat Maneuver Training Center MAJ Michael P. Ryan Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Peter R. Hayden Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Mark D. Matthews Joint Readiness Training Center SFC Michael A. Pascua Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Jonathan Howard National Training Center CPT Charles J. Kovats National Training Center Contact the Center The Center’s mission is to examine legal issues that arise during all phases of military operations and to devise training and resource strategies for addressing those issues. It seeks to fulfill this mission in five ways. First, it is the central repository within The Judge Advocate General's Corps for all-source data, information, memoranda, after-action materials and lessons learned pertaining to legal support to operations, foreign and domestic. Second, it supports judge advocates by analyzing all data and information, developing lessons learned across all military legal disciplines, and by disseminating these lessons learned and other operational information to the Army, Marine Corps, and Joint communities through publications, instruction, training, and databases accessible to operational forces, world-wide.
    [Show full text]
  • TODAY We Are Celebrating Our Children's Slava SVETI SAVA
    ST. ELIJAH SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH 2200 Irwin Street, Aliquippa, PA 15001 Rev. Branislav Golic, Parish Priest e-mail: [email protected] Parish Office: 724-375-4074 webpage: stelijahaliquippa.com Center Office: 724-375-9894 JANUARY 26, 2020 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Saint Sava Born Prince Rastko Nemanjic, son of the Serbian ruler and founder of the Serbian medieval state Stefan Nemanja, St. Sava became the first Patriarch of Serbia (1219-1233) and is an important Saint in the Serbian Orthodox Church. As a young boy, Rastko left home to join the Orthodox monastic colony on Mount Athos and was given the name Sava. In 1197 his father, King Stefan Nemanja, joined him. In 1198 they moved to and restored the abandoned monastery Hilandar, which was at that time the center of Serbian Orthodox monastic life. St. Sava's father took the monastic vows under the name Simeon, and died in Hilandar on February 13, 1200. He is also canonized a saint of the Church. After his father's death, Sava retreated to an ascetic monastery in Kareya which he built himself in 1199. He also wrote the Kareya typicon both for Hilandar and for the monastery of ascetism. The last typicon is inscribed into the marble board at the ascetic monastery, which today also exists there. He stayed on Athos until the end of 1207, when he persuaded the Patriarch of Constantinople to elevate him to the position of first Serbian archbishop, thereby establishing the independence of the archbishopric of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the year 1219. Saint Sava is celebrated as the founder of the independent Serbian Orthodox Church and as the patron saint of education and medicine among Serbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Hotel Prohor Pcinjski, Spa Bujanovac Media Center Bujanovac SPA Phone: +38164 5558581; +38161 6154768; [email protected]
    Telenet Hotels Network | Serbia Hotel Prohor Pcinjski, Spa Bujanovac Media Center Bujanovac SPA Phone: +38164 5558581; +38161 6154768; www.booking-hotels.biz [email protected] Hotel Prohor Pcinjski, Spa Bujanovac Hotel has 100 beds, 40 rooms in 2 single rooms, 22 double rooms, 5 rooms with three beds, and 11 apartments. Hotel has restaurant, aperitif bar, and parking. Restaurant has 160 seats. All rooms have telephone, TV, and SATV. Bujanovac SPA Serbia Bujanovacka spa is located at the southernmost part of Serbia, 2,5 km away from Bijanovac and 360 km away from Belgrade, at 400 m above sea level. Natural curative factors are thermal mineral waters, curative mud [peloid] and carbon dioxide. Medical page 1 / 9 Indications: rheumatic diseases, recuperation states after injuries and surgery, some cardiovascular diseases, peripheral blood vessel diseases. Medical treatment is provided in the Institute for specialized rehabilitation "Vrelo" in Bujanovacka Spa. The "Vrelo" institute has a diagnostic-therapeutic ward and a hospital ward within its premises. The diagnostic-therapeutic ward is equipped with the most modern means for diagnostics and treatment. Exceptional treatment results are achieved by combining the most modern medical methods with the curative effect of the natural factors - thermal mineral waters, curative mud and natural gas. In the vicinity of Bujanovacka Spa there is Prohorovo, an area with exceptional natural characteristics. In its centre there is the St. Prohor Pcinjski monastery, dating from the 11th century, with a housing complex that was restored for the purpose of tourist accommodation. The Prohorovo area encompasses the valley of the river Pcinja and Mounts Kozjak and Rujan, and is an area exceptionally pleasant for excursions and hunting.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W
    Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W. Ingrao, senior editor Gary B. Cohen, editor Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies A Scholars’ Initiative Edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert United States Institute of Peace Press Washington, D.C. D Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana Copyright 2009 by Purdue University. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Second revision, May 2010. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative / edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-55753-533-7 1. Yugoslavia--History--1992-2003. 2. Former Yugoslav republics--History. 3. Yugoslavia--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 4. Former Yugoslav republics--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 5. Ethnic conflict-- Yugoslavia--History--20th century. 6. Ethnic conflict--Former Yugoslav republics--History--20th century. 7. Yugoslav War, 1991-1995. 8. Kosovo War, 1998-1999. 9. Kosovo (Republic)--History--1980-2008. I. Ingrao, Charles W. II. Emmert, Thomas Allan, 1945- DR1316.C66 2009 949.703--dc22 2008050130 Contents Introduction Charles Ingrao 1 1. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia Andrew Wachtel and Christopher Bennett 12 2. Kosovo under Autonomy, 1974–1990 Momčilo Pavlović 48 3. Independence and the Fate of Minorities, 1991–1992 Gale Stokes 82 4. Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995 Marie-Janine Calic 114 5. The International Community and the FRY/Belligerents, 1989–1997 Matjaž Klemenčič 152 6. Safe Areas Charles Ingrao 200 7. The War in Croatia, 1991–1995 Mile Bjelajac and Ozren Žunec 230 8. Kosovo under the Milošević Regime Dusan Janjić, with Anna Lalaj and Besnik Pula 272 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    [Show full text]
  • Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
    Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace-Making Through Protectorate
    Contents Contents About HPN Membership About the Humanitarian Practice Network (HPN) Humanitarian Other reports Exchange Network Website Report Peace-Making through Protectorate: Papers Operational and Political Challenges Good Practice January 1999 Reviews Koenraad Van Brabant About HPG Background Briefings Tensions between Albanian Kosovars and Serbs are long- Reports standing. Ethnic Albanians first came under Serb dominance Research In then, following the defeat of Serb-led forces by Turks at the Focus battle of Kosovo Polje in 1389 (in the plains close to Disasters Prishtina) under Turkish rule. This event has been turned into a cornerstone of Serb nationalism. Kosovo's emotional Search importance to the Serbs is further strengthened by religious reasons: many of Serbia’s historical monastries are located Language in Kosovo. Indeed, the patriarch of the Serb orthodox church English resided in Pec, western Kosovo, between 1253 and the late Français 18th century. During the Second World War the Italians created a 'Greater Albania' in 1941. Following the defeat of the Axis powers, new states were formed in the Balkans, including Albania and Yugoslavia. In 1945 the ruler of Albania, Hoxha, accepted Tito's request to include Kosovo into the new Yugoslavia. This triggered an armed uprising and Tito sent in 30,000 troops to quell the storm. Since then the policies of Belgrade have fluctuated between 'strong arm’ tactics and greater tolerance; Kosovo remained the poorest province in Tito's Yugoslavia, and its ethnic Albanians had the lowest social status. Tensions rose again in the 1980s and peaked in 1989 at the 600th anniversary of the battle of Kosovo Polje, which drew over half a million Serbs in a nationalist rally.
    [Show full text]