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Obsidian and the Teotihuacan State. Weaponry and Ritual Production At University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology No. 21 Obsidian and the Teotihuacan State Weaponry and Ritual Production at the Moon Pyramid La obsidiana y el Estado teotihuacano La producción militar y ritual en la Pirámide de la Luna David M. Carballo with contribution by–con contribución por Rodrigo Néstor Paredes Cetino Spanish Translation by–Traducción al Español por Alexander J. Martín University of Pittsburgh Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Center for Comparative Archaeology Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas Pittsburgh 2011 México, D.F. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carballo, David M. Obsidian and the Teotihuacan state : weaponry and ritual production at the moon pyramid = La obsidiana y el estado Teotihuacano : la produccion militar y ritual en la piramide de la luna / David M. Carballo ; with contribution by Rodrigo Nestor Paredes Cetino ; Spanish Translation by Alexander J. Martin. p. cm. -- (University of Pittsburgh memoirs in Latin American archaeology ; v.21) ISBN 978-1-877812-89-7 (alk. paper) 1. Teotihuacán Site (San Juan Teotihuacán, Mexico) 2. Indians of Mexico--Mexico--San Juan Teotihuacán--Antiquities. 3. Indians of Mexico--Implements--Mexico--San Juan Teotihuacán. 4. Obsidian implements--Mexico--San Juan Teotihuacán. 5. Excavations (Archaeology)--Mexico--San Juan Teotihuacán. 6. San Juan Teotihuacán (Mexico)--Antiquities. I. Paredes Cetino, Rodrigo Nestor. II. Martin, Alexander J. III. Title. F1219.1.T27C37 2011 972’.01--dc23 2011038026 ©2011 Center for Comparative Archaeology Department of Anthropology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 U.S.A. D.R.© Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D.F. México All rights reserved Printed on acid-free paper in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-877812-89-7 (Pittsburgh) ISBN 978-607-02-2570-3 (UNAM) Table of Contents Contents . .v List of Figures . vii List of Tables . xii Acknowledgements. xv 1. Crafting State Political Authority . .1 2. Teotihuacan and the Obsidian Industries of Prehispanic Central Mexico . 17 3. The Excavation of Obsidian Workshop Deposits at the Moon Pyramid (with contribution by Rodrigo Néstor Paredes Cetino) . 45 4. Developing the Analytical Framework through Lithic Replication . 67 5. Technological Analysis of the Moon Pyramid Deposits . 83 6. Contextual Analysis of the Moon Pyramid Deposits. .125 7. Conclusion . .155 Appendix A. A Compositional Provenance Study of the Moon Pyramid Obsidian Deposits Using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) . .165 Appendix B. Ley of Lithic Terminology . .175 Appendix C. Electronic Access to Detailed Data . .181 Bibliography . .183 v Contenido Contenido . vi Lista de figuras . viii Lista de tablas . xiii Agradecimientos . xv 1. Manufacturando la autoridad política estatal. .2 2. Teotihuacán y las industrias de obsidiana del Altiplano Central prehispánico . 18 3. Las excavaciones de los depósitos de taller de obsidiana en la Pirámide de la Luna (con contribución por Rodrigo Néstor Paredes Cetino) . 46 4. El desarrollo de un marco analítico por medio de la reproducción lítica . 68 5. Análisis tecnológico de los depósitos de la Pirámide de la Luna . 84 6. Análisis contextual de los depósitos de la Pirámide de la Luna . .126 7. Conclusión . .156 Apéndice A. Un estudio de procedencia composicional para los depósitos de obsidiana de la Pirámide de la Luna usando Espectrometría de Masa con Plasma de Acoplamiento Inductivo por Medio de Ablación Láser (LA-ICP-MS). .166 Apéndice B. Clave de terminología lítica . .176 Apéndice C. Acceso electrónico a los datos detallados . .182 Bibliografía . .183 vi List of Figures 1.1. Images of political authority and military expansion from four ancient societies . 13 2.1. Map of Mesoamerica . 19 2.2. Chronology for Teotihuacan and the Basin of Mexico . 20 2.3. Map of central Mexico . 21 2.4. The Moon Pyramid . 22 2.5. The Teotihuacan Map . 23 2.6. Mold-made figurine depicting a Teotihuacano soldier . 35 3.1. Location of the three obsidian deposits . 47 3.2. “Trapeze-and-Ray” or “Year Sign” roof adornment . 52 3.3. Excavation units in Front J, and detail of Deposit 1 . 54 3.4. Deposit 1 excavations photos . 57 3.5. Deposit 3 excavation photo and planview . 59 3.6. Small debitage and microdebitage . 64 3.7. Bone pressure-flaker . 66 4.1. Obsidian artifacts from Moon Pyramid Burial 5 . 70 4.2. Selected artifacts from Deposits 1 and 3. 71 4.3. Dart points from Moon Pyramid Burial 5 . 73 4.4. A sample of diagnostic debitage from Deposits 1 and 2. 74 4.5. Large bifaces and eccentric from Moon Pyramid offerings . 79 5.1. Early-stage percussion biface reduction flakes from Deposit 2 . 96 5.2. Early- and late-stage pressure biface reduction flakes from Deposit 1 . 96 5.3. Common errors in biface reduction from Deposit 1 . 98 5.4. Reduction stages for Teotihuacan dart points . 99 5.5. Photos of dart point reduction stages from Deposit 1. .100 5.6. Flake blanks from Deposit 1 . .100 5.7. Flake blanks from Deposit 1 . .101 5.8. Bifacial tool blanks from Deposit 1 . .101 5.9. Bifacial tool blanks from Deposit 1 . .102 5.10. Bifacial tool blanks from Deposit 1 . .102 5.11. Bifacial tool blanks from Deposit 1 . .103 5.12. Bifacial tool blanks from Deposit 1 and Deposit 2. .103 5.13. Early-stage preforms from Deposit 1 . .104 vii Lista de Figuras 1.1. Imágenes de autoridad política y expansión militar de cuatro sociedades antiguas . 13 2.1. Mapa de Mesoamérica . 19 2.2. Cronología para Teotihuacán y la cuenca de México . 20 2.3. Mapa del Altiplano Central. 21 2.4. La Pirámide de la Luna . 22 2.5. Mapa de Teotihuacán . 23 2.6. Figurailla hecha en molde que muestra un soldado teotihuacano . 35 3.1. Ubicación de los tres depósitos de obsidiana . 47 3.2. Ornamentación de techo en forma de “trapezoide-y-raya” o “signo del año” . 52 3.3. Unidades de excavación en el Frente J y los detalles del Depósito 1. 54 3.4. Fotografías de la excavación del Depósito 1 . 57 3.5. Fotografías de excavación del Depósito 3 y vista frontal . 59 3.6. Desechos pequeños y microdesechos . 64 3.7. Lascador de hueso elaborado por presión . 66 4.1. Artefactos de obsidiana del Entierro 5 de la Pirámide de la Luna . 70 4.2. Artefactos selectos de los Depósitos 1 y 3 . 71 4.3. Puntas de dardos del Entierro 5 de la Pirámide de la Luna . 73 4.4. Una muestra de desechos diagnósticos de los Depósitos 1 y 2 . 74 4.5. Bifaciales y excéntricos grandes de las ofrendas de la Pirámide de la Luna . 79 5.1. Lascas de reducción bifacial por percusión de etapa temprana del Depósito 2 . 96 5.2. Lascas de reducción bifacial por presión de etapas tempranas y tardías del Depósito 1 . 96 5.3. Errores comunes en la reducción bifacial del Depósito 1 . 98 5.4. Etapas de reducción para las puntas de dardo teotihuacanas . 99 5.5. Fotografías de las etapas de reducción de puntas de dardos del Depósito 1 . .100 5.6. Soporte de lasca del Depósito 1 . .100 5.7. Soporte de lasca del Depósito 1 . .101 5.8. Soporte de herramienta bifacial del Depósito 1 . .101 5.9. Soporte de herramienta bifacial del Depósito 1 . ..
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