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Armistice Day: Remember the Centennial ARMISTICE DAY: REMEMBER THE CENTENNIAL PLUS Explore North Texas’ WWI Heritage I Historic Victory Parade Photos WWI Veteran Headstones ISSN 0890-7595 Vol. 56, No. III thc.texas.gov [email protected] TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION John L. Nau, III Chair John W. Crain Vice Chair Gilbert E. “Pete” Peterson Secretary Earl Broussard, Jr. David A. Gravelle James “Jim” Bruseth Chief Justice Wallace B. Jefferson (ret.) Monica P. Burdette Laurie E. Limbacher Garrett Kieran Donnelly Catherine McKnight Renee Rupa Dutia Tom Perini Lilia Marisa Garcia Daisy Sloan White Mark Wolfe Executive Director Medallion STAFF Chris Florance Division Director Andy Rhodes Managing Editor Judy Jensen Sr. Graphic Design Coordinator thc.texas.gov Real places telling the real stories of Texas texastimetravel.com The Texas Heritage Trails Program’s travel resource texashistoricsites.com The THC’s 22 state historic properties thcfriends.org Friends of the Texas Historical Commission Our Mission To protect and preserve the state’s historic and prehistoric resources for the use, education, enjoyment, and economic benefit of present and future generations. The Medallion is published quarterly by the Texas Historical Commission. Address correspondence to: Managing Editor, The Medallion, P.O. Box 12276, Austin, TX 78711-2276. Portions of the newsletter that are not copyrighted or reprinted from other sources may be reprinted with permission. Contributions for the support of this publication are gratefully accepted. For information about alternate formats of this publication, contact the THC at 512-463-6255. The Medallion is financed in part by a grant from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. All of the agency’s public programs and activities are operated free from discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, gender, or disability. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against should write to Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. The Medallion is available online at thc.texas.gov/medallion. If you would prefer to receive The Medallion electronically instead of through the mail, please send your name and address to [email protected]. You will be notified by email when each new issue is available on the THC website and will no longer receive a printed copy. TOP: An ornate entablature with names of fallen WWI soldiers graces the exterior of Royal- Texas Memorial Stadium at the University of Texas-Austin. Photo: Leah Brown. ON THE COVER: A WWI doughboy statue stands on Main Plaza near the Comal County Courthouse Square in downtown New Braunfels. Photo: Patrick Hughey. 2 THE MEDALLION FALL 2018 TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION MICHAEL D. VISCONAGE, CO-DIRECTOR, TEXAS WWI CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION ASSOCIATION LEADERSHIP LETTER The Texas World War I Centennial Commemoration Organizations and individuals in Texas have taken up the Association remembers the impact that the Great War challenge, holding over 135 events—including educational had on Texas and Texans 100 years ago. Approximately programs, exhibits, symposiums, living history reenactments, 200,000 Texans served in uniform during WWI; 5,171 concerts, parades, restorations of local monuments, and lost their lives. They came from every part of the state remembrance ceremonies. One hundred years later, there and represented every race, religion, and ethnicity. Texas are three things Texans can still do to honor the war’s women served as nurses, Red Cross volunteers, and legacy this fall: switchboard operators in France. • Reach out to schools to encourage participation in At home, the war saw the first national effort to enlist 100 Years/100 Schools, a collaboration with the THC civilian communities to conserve resources, buy war bonds, focused on incorporating the WWI Centennial into plant victory gardens, and back the war effort. The impact Veterans Day events in the schools. on Texas industry and technology was significant. Beginning in 1914, Texas livestock, cotton, lumber, and oil were • Sign up to participate in the Bells of Peace, a national being shipped to Europe from Texas ports. Texas railroads initiative at 11 a.m. on November 11. had the most track mileage in the United States. Prototype • Recognize those who served (in your community, standard road networks like the Bankhead Highway were organization, or family) by creating a remembrance established to support military vehicles. The Texas climate event on or around Armistice Day. made the state a natural location for military cantonments for soldiers from northern states. Nearly one-third of U.S. In 1919, Texans returned from the war. Parades in cities military aviation training fields were established in Texas, and small towns welcomed troops home. World War I put serving as a catalyst for the aviation industry in the state. the U.S. on the world stage. It introduced Texans to the world and the world to Texas. The WWI Centennial A 100 percent grassroots effort, the Texas World War I Commemoration will continue through June 2019 Centennial Commemoration Association (TXWWICCA), to coincide with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. was formed in 2015 to provide information, communications, and resources to organizations interested in commemorating the role of Texas and Texans in the Great War. The TXWWICCA is part of the U.S. WWI Centennial Michael D. Visconage Commission national effort, established by Congress. Colonel, USMCR (Ret.) www.texasworldwar1centennial.org THC.TEXAS.GOV FALL 2018 THE MEDALLION 3 THE DAY THE GUNS FELL SILENT ARMISTICE DAY MARKED END OF WORLD WAR I Text by Lila Rakoczy, THC Military Sites Program Coordinator On November 11, 1918, a 30-year-old Texan in the Intelligence Section of the 360th Infantry Regiment reflected in his diary on the day’s events: “The orders called for continuing the artillery fire with the same intensity until eleven in the morning, when the hostilities would be suspended for thirty-five days. The Germans were granted the truce so they would enter into negotiations for the conditions for peace. Those of us who heard the orders began to breathe easier, while the rest of the soldiers continued to agonize in desperation.” What Private José de la Luz Sáenz learned that morning, and what the rest of the world would come to realize, was that The U.S. would go on to experience the trauma of two the Great War was effectively over. Its official demise would more wars—World War II and the Korean War—before come seven months later with the signing of the Treaty of Armistice Day would undergo its final transformation. In Versailles. But for nations around the world, the truce that 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower, himself a veteran of silenced the guns of war—at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the First World War, issued the first presidential declaration the 11th month—would become the real cultural touchstone acknowledging the holiday’s new name: Veterans Day. that generations would turn to when remembering their nation’s loss, sacrifice, and duty. This November 11, on the 100th anniversary of that momentous truce, countless Texans and their fellow Armistice Day was born. Americans will join millions around the world in solemnly marking the occasion. Communities large and small have In the years that followed, every November 11 offered a organized parades, the laying of wreaths, the ringing of connection for survivors with the memory of the 116,516 bells, and moments of silence. Names of the dead have been American military personnel who lost their lives. Newly collected and will be read. created organizations such as the American Legion and the American Battle Monuments Commission further channeled And while Veterans Day is a time to show gratitude for all the enduring need to remember. those in uniform, past and present, there will be an added layer of meaning this year as we pause to recall the terrible In 1926, Congress took the formal step of declaring by price paid 100 years ago by those who served in “the war to Congressional Resolution that “the recurring anniversary end war.” of this date should be commemorated to perpetuate peace through good will and mutual understanding between To learn more about the THC’s WWI-related cultural resources, visit thc.texas.gov/wwi. nations.” But it would take another 12 years for Armistice Day to be officially recognized as a national holiday. Above: Texan Private José de la Luz Sáenz in 1918, left, and an undated photo, right. 4 THE MEDALLION FALL 2018 TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION As the popular song of the day proclaimed, “The Texans are ready!” To honor the men and women who served in World War I, the Texas Historical Commission invites Texans everywhere to show their appreciation by joining in centennial activities. There are a variety of ways you can do your part. Educators are encouraged to join the 100 Years/ 100 Schools initiative and incorporate World War I programming into a Veterans Day event at their school. thc.texas.gov/100 Consider going to an event, tending to World War I graves in your neighborhood, or participating in the national Bells of Peace initiative. www.texasworldwar1centennial.org To learn more about how Texas is honoring the war’s 100th anniversary, visit the THC’s World War I resource page or the Texas World War I Centennial Commemoration Association’s website. thc.texas.gov/wwi www.texasworldwar1centennial.org And of course, one of the simplest and most powerful acts you can do on the day is observe a moment of silence at 11 a.m. on Nov. 11, 2018. You can also widen your impact by using social media to tell the world your family’s and community’s World War I stories. Perhaps it’s an ancestor’s sacrifice, or how your town responded to the war effort.
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