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SUMMER 2016 Waco’ s Awakening Burgeoning Brazos Trail City A New Hot Spot for Cultural Tourism CONTENTS SUMMER 2016 TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION John L. Nau, III, Chair John W. Crain, Vice Chair THC OUTREACH Robert K. Shepard, Secretary 10 History Afloat East Texas Paddling Earl Broussard, Jr. Trail Lets Visitors Float Thomas M. Hatfield Through the Past. Wallace B. Jefferson Tom Perini Gilbert E. “Pete” Peterson Judy C. Richardson 11 Cemetery Queries Daisy Sloan White Three Frequently Asked Questions Answered by THC Staff. Executive Director: Mark Wolfe FEATURE Medallion Staff: 6 Waco’s Awakening Chris Florance Burgeoning Brazos Trail Division Director City a New Hot Spot Andy Rhodes Managing Editor for Cultural Tourism. Judy Jensen Senior Graphic Design Coordinator ISSN 0890-7595 Vol. 54, No. III thc.texas.gov [email protected] ON THE COVER: Waco’s historic suspension bridge. Photo: Andy Rhodes. VISIT US ON THE WEB FAST FACTS thc.texas.gov These numbers show the significant economic impact Learn more about the real places telling the real stories of Texas. of cultural travel in Waco. texastimetravel.com The Texas Heritage Trails Program’s travel resource texashistoricsites.com 1.3 6,300 $26.4 The THC’s 20 state historic properties thcfriends.org MILLION VISITORS JOBS SUPPORTED MILLION VISITOR Friends of the Texas Historical Commission ANNUALLY TO WACO’S BY WACO TOURISM CONTRIBUTION TO WACO’S SILO DISTRICT STATE TAX REVENUE Source: Waco Convention & Visitors Bureau TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION thc.texas.gov 2 LEADERSHIP LETTER My Fellow Texans, Senate District 22 in the heart of Texas is a perfect microcosm of our state: part rural, part suburban, part urban. Each area in SD-22 can make for a great place to raise a family, grow a business, and enjoy life. Many of our communities participate in the THC’s historic preservation programs that contribute to the rich cultural value of Texas. Heritage tourism can boost the economy no matter where you live. The majority of the counties I serve feature magnificent courthouses, with seven of those buildings having been restored to the glory of their historic period through the THC’s work. The Main Street program offers expert advice on using historic preservation to create nostalgia magnets from revitalized downtowns. Seven cities in SD-22 benefit from that program. My hometown of Granbury, while not a participant, continues to practice the lessons that made it the model for the Texas Main Street concept launched in 1981. In this Medallion issue you will read more about historic sites in Waco, the largest Main Street community in my district, and how it benefits from cultural tourists. So—how will those travelers find the history in your town? The Texas Heritage Trails initiative is designed to help cultural travelers find local history in every geographic area of our state. Two of the 10 trail regions covering Texas, the Brazos and Lakes Trail Regions, work directly with the towns in SD-22 to enhance economic development through tourism. Working at the grassroots level with cities and counties, chambers of commerce, visitors’ bureaus, private businesses, and local museums and historic sites, the Trail Regions leverage thousands of volunteer hours to bring people through our great towns. Our heritage and preserving the places that tell our stories enhance the quality of life for all Texans. Read on, and I hope to see you in one of the many special communities in Senate District 22 soon. Sincerely, Brian Birdwell Texas Senate, District 22 SUMMER 2016 TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 3 THC OUTREACH Texas to Observe the ‘War to End All Wars’ THC Seeks World War I Historic Resources to Honor Upcoming Centennial Anniversary By William McWhorter THC Staff On April 6, 2017, Texans will observe the war between the Allied powers the 100th anniversary of America’s and Germany). entry into World War I. The war had a Today, generations after the end profound impact on the United States of World War I, evidence of that era and Texas. While causing great loss for and reminders of its impact on Texas many, it also positioned the United can still be found. The war’s enduring States to become a world power in the influence is obvious in honor rolls, 20th century. monuments, and historical markers; at Texas, by virtue of its distinguished active military installations, such as San role in the war from 1917 to 1919, Antonio’s Fort Sam Houston and El was once home to thousands of Paso’s Fort Bliss; and at county and state veterans who enlisted or were parks such as Galveston’s Fort Travis drafted into service. Moreover, tens and La Porte’s Battleship Texas State of thousands from across the nation Historic Site. were assigned to posts throughout the The THC’s commemorative efforts While the horse played a significant role in the U.S. Army during World War I, the use of Lone Star State, which hosted dozens of will educate Texans and honor the Lone mechanized vehicles increased. The armored car training facilities. Star State’s World War I experience. and motorcycle above are at Fort Brown’s horse In observance of the centennial Three initial projects include a new, stables in Brownsville. anniversary, Gov. Greg Abbott directed dedicated page on the agency’s website, and in urban and rural cemeteries the Texas Historical Commission a mobile-app tour, and a request of the across Texas. (THC) to serve as the lead agency to public to help determine where World Texas’ World War I-related military commemorate the role Texas played War I is interpreted or preserved presence is noteworthy. Texas and during World War I. The THC’s in Texas. Oklahoma fielded two full-strength Texas First World War Centennial infantry divisions: the storied 36th and Commemoration will officially observe WWI IN TEXAS 90th. Texans also made up a portion of a period from April 6, 2017 (the U.S. In 1917, Texas responded impressively to a third division (the 42nd) while serving Declaration of War on Germany) the national war effort. Approximately in additional units that formed, trained, through June 28, 2019 (signing of 989,600 Texans registered for the war, and deployed in Texas and across the Treaty of Versailles that ended and according to the Texas Veterans the nation. Commission, In addition, Texas hosted 19 U.S. 198,000 Texans Army posts, of which at least nine served in the served as military training camps. These military (including garrisons were joined by another nine 450 Texas women military training airfields—several of as nurses). Three which helped train British and Canadian Texans earned the flying cadets. The U.S.S. Texas (BB-35), a Medal of Honor. dreadnought-era battleship (the principal Tragically, at type of early 20th-century warship) least 5,246 Texans served in the Atlantic Ocean, joining the died in service. 6th Battle Squadron of the British Grand Their tombstones Fleet in 1918. Today she is berthed along stand in France the Houston Ship Channel, adjacent to the San Jacinto Battleground. A 1918 parade of the 36th Infantry Division in downtown Fort Worth. TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION thc.texas.gov 4 THC OUTREACH Texas was a segregated state Email information to Statewide, the Texas World War I in 1917, so there was little public [email protected], Centennial Commission was created by consideration for civil rights and equal noting what resources are located in volunteers with a passion for preserving employment opportunities. However, your community. If possible, include the history of Texas’ involvement in women and minorities still contributed a photo, the street address, or the First World War. Since 2015, the to the war effort in both military service GPS waypoint for the location organization has actively engaged local and home-front production. of the resource. You can also mail stakeholders, including museums, On the home front, Texans information to: civic and veteran groups, historic sites, primarily lived on farms and ranches Texas Historical Commission academic institutions, military bases, or in small towns, yet they responded Military Sites Program and more. To learn more, visit to the nation’s call to support the war P.O. Box 12276 thc.texas.gov. effort with Liberty Bond drives and Red Austin, Texas 78711-2276 Over the coming year, the Cross training. Manpower shortages THC’s website will feature additional and increased wartime needs opened MOVING FORWARD information about the centennial. up new employment opportunities for An exciting travel-friendly resource is Texans are encouraged to share Texans. Farm families and small-town already underway. The THC’s Heritage information regarding the war’s legacy in residents moved to major cities to work Tourism program is developing a new their communities, and plan centennial in war industry plants and at military mobile tour about World War I on observances in their counties. For more posts. Those who returned home after the Texas Home Front, scheduled information about the THC’s efforts, the war found, in many ways, a new to launch in early 2017 in time for contact the agency’s History Programs and dynamic Texas. the centennial. Division at 512-463-5853. H “We’re excited to highlight VIEWING VESTIGES the World War I home- County Historical Commissions front history that may not and like-minded preservationists can be widely known by Texas help the THC create an inventory of residents or visitors,” said locations housing World War I-related Brad Patterson, director of the exhibits, archives, trophy artillery, THC’s Community Heritage memorials, markers, and monuments. Development Division. “It’s The information culled by this exciting to connect folks with this request for assistance will benefit not info during the centennial of this only heritage tourists, but historians important conflict.” and public school students actively Additional World War I conducting research during commemorative efforts have been the centennial.
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