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THE EXALTATION of the CROSS the Cross Prefigured the Word of the Cross September 14, 2008 Revision C GOSPEL: John 19:6-35 EPISTLE: 1 Corinthians 1:18-24

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THE EXALTATION of the CROSS the Cross Prefigured the Word of the Cross September 14, 2008 Revision C GOSPEL: John 19:6-35 EPISTLE: 1 Corinthians 1:18-24 THE EXALTATION OF THE CROSS The Cross Prefigured The Word of the Cross September 14, 2008 Revision C GOSPEL: John 19:6-35 EPISTLE: 1 Corinthians 1:18-24 Table of Contents The Search for the Cross by Helena .......................................................................................................... 680 The Cross Prefigured ................................................................................................................................ 682 Old Testament Use of the Cross .......................................................................................................... 682 Shapes of Crosses ........................................................................................................................... 682 Traditional References to the Cross ................................................................................................ 682 Jacob Blesses Ephraim: Genesis 48:8-20 .................................................................................. 682 Moses vs. Amalek: Exodus 17:8-13 ......................................................................................... 683 The Blood on the Doorpost: Exodus 12:7, 22 .......................................................................... 683 Joshua and the Long Day: Joshua 10:6-14 ............................................................................... 683 Moses at the Red Sea: Exodus 14:21, 27 ................................................................................. 684 Jonah in the Sea-Monster’s Belly: Jonah 2 .............................................................................. 684 Parables of the Cross ........................................................................................................................... 684 The Waters of Mara Healed: Exodus 15:22-16:1 .......................................................................... 684 The Lord’s Discipline: Proverbs 3:11-18 ...................................................................................... 685 The Glory of the Lord in Zion by the Cross: Isaiah 60:11-16 ....................................................... 686 Making the sign of the Cross ............................................................................................................... 687 Use of the Sign of the Cross for Healing ........................................................................................ 688 The Sign of the Cross at the Second Coming ................................................................................. 689 Gospel Lesson: John 19:6-35 ................................................................................................................... 690 The Love of God and the Cross ........................................................................................................... 690 Propitiation for our Sins ................................................................................................................. 691 The Effect of the Blood of Christ ................................................................................................... 691 The Glory of the Cross ................................................................................................................... 692 The Word of the Cross .............................................................................................................................. 694 Epistle Lesson: 1 Corinthians 1:18-24 ................................................................................................ 694 What is the Word of the Cross? ...................................................................................................... 694 Foolishness and Weakness ............................................................................................................. 694 The Deity of Christ ......................................................................................................................... 698 The Search for the Cross by Helena The Feast Day of the Exaltation of the Cross traces its roots to c. 326 AD when the Empress Helena, the mother of Constantine, journeyed to Jerusalem to look for the real cross. An old Jew named Judah told her that the Cross was buried under the Temple of Venus that Hadrian had built on Golgotha. Helena ordered that the Temple of Venus be torn down and the ground under it excavated. Having done that, they found three crosses. John Chrysostom stated1 that they suspected which cross was the real one: first from its lying in the middle (John 19:18), and second from the title written by Pilate (John 19:19). Copyright © Mark Kern 2005 1 John Chrysostom, Homilies on John, LXXXV, 1. 680 But they still needed to dispel all uncertainty as to which, if any, was the real one. At that moment a funeral procession was passing by. Patriarch Macarius of Jerusalem suggested that they place the crosses one by one on the dead man. When they placed the first two on him, nothing happened. When they placed the third on him, he was restored to life. After that, they placed it on a sick woman and she recovered. Patriarch Macarius then raised up the cross for everyone to see and all the people sang, “Lord have mercy” with tears and joy. Empress Helena then had a silver casing made to contain the Cross. In the early 7th Century, the Persians conquered Jerusalem and carried the Cross to Persia. Fourteen years later, the Greek Emperor Heraclius conquered Persia and brought the Cross back to Jerusalem and placed it in the Church of the Resurrection on Golgotha. September 14th, then, celebrates both the occasion of the finding of the Cross by Helena, and its return by Heraclius. The Eastern Church began celebrating the Exaltation of the Cross in the 4th Century. The Western Church eventually did so also after the 7th Century. The Exaltation of the Cross is a feast day that is not celebrated much in the West today, however. Some Western Churches celebrate Holy Cross Sunday in mid September using the Gospel lesson for the Sunday Before the Exaltation of the Cross and the Epistle for the feast day of the Exaltation. But this is not commonly done. Lutherans sometimes use the Epistle lesson for the Sunday after the Exaltation for Reformation Sunday in November. In both cases, the ideas are expressed that the Cross has become more than just a piece of wood that the Lord died on. However, the Word of the Cross is not emphasized in either case as it is in the Eastern Church. In the West, both Holy Cross Sunday and Reformation Sunday are one-day events. In the East, the celebration of the Exaltation of the Cross takes in two Sundays (before and after) with a major feast day in between. In addition to the above, taking up one’s cross is also the theme of the 3rd Sunday in Lent (The Adoration of the Cross) and All Saints Sunday (the 1st Sunday after Pentecost.) 681 The Cross Prefigured September 14, 2008 Old Testament Use of the Cross The use of the Cross as a symbol or sign did not first appear in New Testament times. Other pagan cultures had used it before. For example, a cross-shaped emblem was used in Egypt, Nineveh and Phoenicia, among other countries. These crosses were shaped like the modern Greek Cross with equal length arms2. Shapes of Crosses Other crosses used are the X-shaped St. Andrew Cross, so called because the Apostle Andrew was crucified on one of that shape. The St. Andrew Cross is very prominently displayed on the British flag today. Also used has been the Tee-shaped St. Anthony Cross, derived3 from the crutch or walking stick of Anthony the Great. During the Middle Ages in Europe the Celtic Cross, having a circle behind the crossbeam was used a lot, and carved in stone in many places. Most commonly used in the West is the Latin Cross, which is the style displayed on most Western Churches. For executions in Roman times, a “Simple Cross” was sometimes used. This was a plain vertical stake where the victim’s hands were tied or nailed above his head4. The Greek word for cross, stauros, means “an upright stake” and does not imply a crossbeam. Thus a “cross” did not have to have a crossbeam, and referring to the Cross Jesus died on as “a tree” (1 Peter 2:24, Galatians 3:13) is perfectly consistent with the meaning of stauros. Many comments have been made by the Church Fathers in comparing the “tree” that Christ died on with the “tree” that caused mankind to fall in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:1- 16). By the “tree” in the Garden, Satan set a trap for Adam and caused him to fall. By the “tree” of the Cross, God also set a trap for Satan. If Satan had known what would result from this trap, he “would not have crucified the Lord of Glory” (1 Corinthians 2:8). Traditional References to the Cross According to tradition, there were times when Old Testament saints used the sign of the Cross without specifically calling it such. Some examples are: Jacob Blesses Ephraim: Genesis 48:8-20 When Jacob was an old man living in Egypt, he blessed Joseph’s two children Manasseh and Ephraim. In doing so, he crossed his arms (in the shape of a cross) and blessed Ephraim, the younger, ahead of Manasseh (Genesis 48:14). Joseph was at first displeased with this since the elder child traditionally received the greater blessing. Jacob, however, said that he knew what he was doing and that his blessing was prophetic (Genesis 48:17-19). 2 Merrill F. Unger, Unger’s Bible Dictionary, Moody Press, Chicago, 1967, pg. 227. 3 Thurston and Attwater, Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Christian Classics, Westminster,
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