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Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in Dominican Amber

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Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in Dominican Amber Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Brachycamacina, a new subtribe of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in Dominican amber George Poinar, Jr., Andrei A. Legalov, and A.E. Brown ABSTRACT A new subtribe (Brachycamacina n. subtribe), genus and species (Brachycama- cus gyrommatus gen. n., sp. n.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Naupactini) of weevils are described from Dominican amber. The new subtribe differs from the nomi- native subtribe of the tribe Naupactini by the following combination of characters: prominent tooth on the profemur, antennae insertions in the middle of the rostrum, all tibiae with mucros, denticulate inner margins of the tibiae, apical two-thirds of the pro- tibiae widened and a very short scape. This represents the second broad-nosed weevil described from Dominican amber. George Poinar, Jr. Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. [email protected]. Andrei A. Legalov. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Street, 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia. [email protected] A.E. Brown. 629 Euclid Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA. Keywords: Coleoptera; Curculionoidea; Entiminae; new taxa; Dominican amber; Tertiary weevil INTRODUCTION subfamily are economic pests (White, 1983; Kus- chel, 1995). The earliest fossil of the group (Doro- Known as broad-nosed weevils, members of theus guidensis Kuschel, 1959) dates from the the subfamily Entiminae are somewhat robust non Maastrichtian of Chile (Kuschel, 1959; Legalov, wood-boring weevils that feed and develop mostly 2012b). A list of fossil Entiminae was published by on angiosperms. The subfamily is very large, com- Yunakov and Kirejtshuk (2011). The Entiminae prising some 12,000 species globally (Morrone, fauna in amber is fairly extensive. Nine species 1999; Oberprieler et al., 2007). Very little is known (Arostropsis groehni Yunakov and Kirejtshuk, 2011, about the life habits of most species but the biology Polydrusus archetypus Zherikhin, 1971, of many “pest’ species is well known. The larvae Paonaupactus sitonitoides Voss, 1953, are usually root feeders and some members of the Paonaupactus cephalotes (Voss, 1972), Pro- PE Article Number: 16.3.24A Copyright: Palaeontological Association November 2013 Submission: 5 April 2013. Acceptance: 15 October 2013 http://zoobank.org/:09736800-77D5-4A8A-A24F-1149A6A40AAA Poinar, Jr., George, Legalov, Andrei A., and Brown, A.E. 2013. Brachycamacina, a new subtribe of the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in Dominican amber, Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 16, Issue 3; 24A; 9p; palaeo-electronica.org/content/2013/531-new-weevil-tribe MARCÉ-NOGUÉ ET AL.: QUASIHOMOTHETIC TRANSFORMATION tonaupactus microphthalmus Zherikhin, 1971, Pro- Description. Rostrum with prominent oblique tonaupactus sobrinus (Voss, 1972), scrobes; eyes only slightly distant from base of Protonaupactus viridis (Wanat and Borowiec, scrobes, positioned partially on base of rostrum; 1986), Archaeosciaphilus marshalli Legalov, 2012a antennae inserted in middle of rostrum; scape very and Archaeocallirhopalus larssoni Legalov, 2013) short; pronotum elongate, postcoxal portion of were described from Late Eocene Baltic amber prothorax longer than precoxal portion; elytra elon- (Legalov, 2012b, 2013; Voss 1953, 1972; Wanat gate and distinctly convex; greatest width behind and Borowiec, 1986; Yunakov and Kirejtshuk, middle; first and second abdominal ventrites elon- 2011; Zherikhin, 1971). Hypomeces fushunensis gate; profemora with prominent sub-basal tooth; all Hong, 2002 (Tanymecini) is known from the Late tibiae with mucros; inner margin of tibiae denticu- Eocene amber of China (Hong, 2002). Only a sin- late; apical two thirds of protibiae widened, with gle representative, (Promecops tumidirostris Poi- apical comb of setae orientated transversely to tib- nar and Brown, 2011), of this widespread ial axis; claws free, appressed at base. subfamily, which is represented in Hispaniola by six Diagnosis. The new subtribe differs from other tribes and numerous species (Perez-Gelabert, genera of the tribe Naupactini by the profemoral 2008), has been described previously from Domini- tooth, all tibiae with mucros, denticulate inner mar- can amber (Poinar and Brown, 2011). This is in gins of the tibiae; antennal insertions in the middle contrast to wood-boring weevils, which are well of the rostrum, apical two-thirds of the protibiae represented in this deposit (see list of described widened and a very short scape. Dominican amber weevils in Poinar and Legalov Remarks. The subtribe Brachycamacina falls (2013). The present study describes a new sub- within the family Curculionidae due to the genicu- tribe of entimine weevils from Dominican amber. late antennae with a compact club and elongate 1st and 2nd ventrites. The large mandibles with an MATERIALS AND METHODS apical scar that bear dorsal setae, short rostrum, tibiae with mucros and an apical comb of setae ori- The specimen was obtained from La Bucara entated transversely to the tibial axis, suggest mine in the Cordillera Septentrional of the Domini- placement in the subfamily Entiminae. The new can Republic. Dating of Dominican amber is con- subtribe is placed in the tribe Naupactini based on troversial with the latest purported age of 20-15 the prominent oblique lateral antennal scrobes, flat mya based on Foraminifera (Iturralde-Vinent and epistomis and free claws. MacPhee, 1996) and the earliest of 45-30 mya based on coccoliths (Cêpek in Schlee, 1990). In Genus BRACHYCAMACUS gen. n. addition, Dominican amber is secondarily depos- http://zoobank.org/E52B55B6-0423-4ED4-9CB9- ited in sedimentary rocks, which makes a definite 93F0CDCE32DF age determination difficult (Poinar and Mastalerz, Type species. Brachycamacus gyrommatus sp. n. 2000). A range of ages for Dominican amber is Description. Body black, almost naked; rostrum possible as the amber is associated with turbiditic short, slightly longer than wide, weakly curved, sandstones of the Upper Eocene to Lower Mio- without carinae; scrobes run laterally down to level cene Mamey Group (Draper et al., 1994). Domini- of eye; forehead wide; eyes large, rounded, dis- can amber was produced by the leguminous tree, tinctly convex; temples elongate; antennal attach- Hymenaea protera Poinar (Poinar, 1991), and a re- ment subdorsal; antennae elongate, almost construction of the Dominican amber forest based reaching base of pronotum; funicle with 1st-6th on amber fossils indicated that the environment antennomeres conical-elongate; club compact; was similar to that of a present-day tropical moist pronotum with weakly rounded sides; pronotal disk forest (Poinar and Poinar, 1999). distinctly convex, weakly narrowed at apex and base; humeri convex; striae regularly and distinctly SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY punctate; intervals weakly convex, of equal width to Family CURCULIONIDAE Schoenherr, 1825 striae; apex of elytra separately acuminate; pre- Subfamily ENTIMINAE Schoenherr, 1826 and postcoxal portions of prothorax short, almost Tribe NAUPACTINI Gistel, 1848 equal in length; metepisternum narrow; abdomen Subtribe BRACHYCAMACINA subtrib. n. convex ventrally; 1st and 2nd ventrites equal in http://zoobank.org/25EF5F3E-DC68-4C32-A5B1- length; 5th ventrite1.5 times as long as 4th ventrite; 305DC52ADDA7 legs long; femora weakly clavate, profemora with large sub-basal tooth; trochanters obconical; tibiae Type genus. Brachycamacus gen. n. 2 PALAEO-ELECTRONICA.ORG slightly curved, weakly widened at inner apices, dense; intervals weakly convex, equal in width to with corbels and mucros; tarsi long; 1st–3rd tar- striae; tips acuminate, winged at the margins. someres conical; 5th elongate; tarsomeres with Thorax. Punctate; postcoxal length of prothorax 1.8 pulvilli on underside; claws free, large, without times length of precoxal portion; front and middle teeth. coxae round to conical, prominent, front coxae Etymology. The genus name is derived from the contiguous; middle coxae separated by one-third Greek words “brachy” (short) and “kamakos” (sup- diameter of coxa, hind coxae not transverse. port) in reference to the short antennal scape. Abdomen. Third ventrite 0.5 times as long as 2nd ventrite; 4th ventrite of equal length to 3rd ventrite. Brachycamacus gyrommatus sp. n. Legs. Long; profemur with large sub-basal tooth; Figures 1-5 pro- and mesofemora 3.9 longer than wide; http://zoobank.org/60ED4AE1-6B56-4655-B891- metafemora 3.7 longer than wide; tibiae with clus- 05D65CC439CA ter of elongate, erect setae before apex; apical Holotype. Deposited in the Poinar amber collec- setal comb orientated transversely to tibial axis; tion (accession # C-7-414) maintained at Oregon inner margin with row of teeth; apical two thirds of State University, Corvallis, Oregon. protibiae widened, 12.4 times as long as wide in Description. Length body, 8.5 mm; length rostrum, basal third, 8.5 times as long in middle, 6.5 times 1.2 mm. as long at apex; mesotibiae 8.5 times longer than Head. Rostrum 0.3 times as long as pronotum, wide; metatibiae 8.8 times longer than wide. finely and densely punctate; without carinae, with Type locality. Amber mine in the northern portion prominent oblique scrobes; forehead flattened, of the Dominican Republic. punctate; eyes slightly distant from base; vertex Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from weakly flattened, punctate; temples 1.2 times as the Greek words “gyros” (round) and “ommatos”
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