DOCSLIB.ORG

Orangutan Populations on Borneo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Orangutan Populations on Borneo FINAL REPORT ORANGUTAN Population and Habitat Viability Assessment 15-18 January 2004 Jakarta, Indonesia In Collaboration with: IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Sponsored by: Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation Orangutan Foundation 1 Orangutan PHVA Final Report August 2004 Cover photo copyright Orangutan Foundation. A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Singleton, I., S. Wich, S. Husson, S. Stephens, S. Utami Atmoko, M. Leighton, N. Rosen, K. Traylor-Holzer, R. Lacy and O. Byers (eds.). 2004. Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment: Final Report. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN. IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © Copyright CBSG 2004 Additional copies of Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124, www.cbsg.org. Orangutan PHVA 2 Final Report August 2004 ORANGUTAN Population and Habitat Viability Assessment 5-18 January 2004 Jakarta, Indonesia TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1. Executive Summary SECTION 2. Priorities for Conservation SECTION 3. Conservation Strategies Working Group SECTION 4. Sumatran Orangutan Working Group SECTION 5. Bornean Orangutan Working Group SECTION 6. Post-workshop Commentary SECTION 7. Pre-PHVA Data Collection Report: The Status of the Orangutan in Indonesia, 2003 SECTION 8. Participant List SECTION 9. Invitation List SECTION 10. VORTEX Reference 3 Orangutan PHVA Final Report August 2004 Map Credits Sumatra The Sumatra maps were created by Ian Singleton with considerable help from Riswan and Rachmadi A. Dadi of the Leuser Development Programme's GIS Dept. Field data used to compile the orangutan distribution was kindly made available by many sources, including Serge Wich, Carel van Schaik, Suci Utami, Dolly Priatna, Tine Guertz, Herman Rijksen, Erik Meijaard, Idrusman and Ibrahim. Much of the GIS work used in collating, analysing and mapping the data was carried out by Nick Jewel of the Leuser Management Unit. Borneo The data behind the Borneo orangutan distribution map comes from two different sources: 1) Ancrenaz, M. and Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. 2004. Orang-utan status in Sabah: distribution and population size; 2) Meijaard, E. and Dennis, R. 2003. Assessment of the extent of remaining habitat for Bornean Orangutan, based on 2002 forest cover data. At the workshop, the second set of data was edited by a host of people, overseen by cartographer Matt Doughty of UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Data contributors included: Simon Husson, Erik Meijaard, Andrew Hearn, Joanna Ross (for Bukit Baka); Fransiscus Harsanto (for Seruyan, Arut-Belantikan); Laura D'Arcy, Claire McLardy (for Katingan-Mendawai, Sungai Samba); Helen Morrogh-Bernard (Sebangau, Kahayan- Sebangau); Andrea Johnson (Gunung Palung); Birute Galdikas (Tanjung Puting); Carel van Schaik; Kisar Odom (Mawas); Dr. Kunkun (for Betung Kerihun); Togu Simorenangkir; Stephen Brend (Tanjung Puting); Dr. Akira Suzuki (Kutai); Andy Marshall (G. Palung + Berau). Orangutan PHVA 4 Final Report August 2004 FINAL REPORT ORANGUTAN Population and Habitat Viability Assessment 15-18 January 2004 Jakarta, Indonesia Section 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 Orangutan PHVA Final Report August 2004 Orangutan PHVA 6 Final Report August 2004 Executive Summary Introduction Serious downward trends in the integrity of Indonesia’s forest estate occurred throughout the 1990s due to widespread logging and conversion for plantation agriculture. Some protected areas were, in retrospect, left relatively unscathed, while others suffered from devastating fires that resulted from unwise land-use practices. Since the change in government in 1998, however, conservation in Indonesia has seen a virtual collapse, and deforestation has been enormous regardless of the legal status of the land (Holmes 2000; Jepson et al. 2001; Robertson and van Schaik 2001). As a result, wild orangutans are in steady decline due to logging, habitat conversion, fires and poaching. Leading orangutan experts recognized that, in order to reverse this disaster, it was imperative to ascertain current population status and to develop and implement important conservation strategies. Therefore, the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) was invited to conduct a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) workshop for both Bornean (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii and Pongo pygmaeus morio) and Sumatran (Pongo abelii) orangutans to develop a strategic recovery plan for these threatened species and their habitat. The PHVA workshop was held 15-18 January 2004 and generously hosted by BOS Indonesia at the Schmutzer Primate Centre at Ragunan Zoo in Jakarta. Over 80 people participated in the PHVA (participants and invitees are listed in Sections 8 and 9 of this report, respectively). At the PHVA, orangutan population data were integrated with estimates of human-based threats, such as current and projected land-use patterns. Computer models were used to evaluate current and future risk of population decline or extinction under alternative management scenarios. Participants developed detailed management recommendations based on these and other analyses. The main task of this new PHVA workshop, a follow-up to the 1993 Orangutan PHVA, was to assess the current status of wild orangutan habitats and populations and their future. The specific objectives of the workshop were to assist Indonesia’s wildlife managers, policy makers, and scientists to: 1) formulate priorities for practical scientific management of the wild population; 2) develop a risk analysis and simulation population model for the wild populations; 3) suggest research priorities linked to preservation of the species; and 4) encourage communication and collaboration with government and non-government conservation programs. A briefing book including taxonomic information, distribution maps, field study synopsis, life history information and relevant, current published and unpublished materials was distributed to participants. This workshop report addresses the objectives listed above and reports all findings and updated information on orangutans of Borneo and Sumatra as well as the pre-PHVA field research. 7 Orangutan PHVA Final Report August 2004 Pre-workshop Data Collection To properly prepare for the workshop, a project was proposed and funded by Orangutan Foundation UK to assemble updated information on orangutan distribution and densities. Additional Sumatran surveys were conducted with the support of The Gouden Ark Foundation, The Netherlands. Without new information on orangutan life history parameters, the modeling component of the PHVA workshop would not give us the tools for proper population management given current conditions. Data gaps were identified in all of the previous workshops and the situation concerning orangutan habitat and population trends has changed drastically since 1993. In order to draw the greatest benefit from a gathering of experts, preparatory fieldwork was undertaken, coordinated by Dr. Carel van Schaik. The most urgent need was updated information on the current distribution of wild orangutans and the quality of their remaining habitat. In order to obtain the necessary data, the distribution maps produced by Rijksen and Meijaard (1999) were reviewed and the information updated through consultation with all relevant field experts. Based on their recommendations, priority survey areas were identified. Visits to these areas were conducted by several teams of Indonesian and international researchers to update distributional information, estimate densities on the ground, and record the nature of habitat disturbance. The findings were presented at the PHVA workshop. The project report, which compiles all the known data on oranguatn distribution, genetics and ecology, can be found in Appendix II of this document. The PHVA Process The Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) was invited to serve as a neutral workshop facilitator and organizer. CBSG is a member of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - World Conservation Union, and for more than a decade has been developing, testing, and applying a series of science-based tools and processes to assist species management decision- making. One tool CBSG employs is use of neutral facilitators to moderate small working group sessions, as the success of the workshop is based on the cooperative process of dialogue, group meetings, and detailed modeling of alternative species and/or habitat management scenarios. Effective conservation action is best built upon critical examination and use of available biological information, but also very much depends upon the actions of humans living within the range of the threatened species. Motivation for organizing and participating
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Regional Disparity Among Regencies/Cities and The
    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 163 Proceedings of the International Conference on Strategic Issues of Economics, Business and, Education (ICoSIEBE 2020) Analysis of Regional Disparity Among Regencies/Cities and the Correlation with Economic Growth North Sumatera in 2010-2019 Armein Daulay1,*, Muhammad Yusuf1, Indra Maipita1 1Ilmu Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Medan *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This research is aimed to find out the level of regional disparity, the effects of government expenditure, natural resources, and the investment toward regional disparity among regencies/cities in North Sumatera Province, and the relationship between the inequality and economic growth of North Sumatera Province in 2010-2019. Using secondary data, the research applies Williamson index analysis technique to measure the development disparity. The panel regression analysis; Common Effect, Fixed Effect and Random Effect; is used to analyze the effects of government expenditure, investment, and natural resources toward regional disparity in North Sumatera in 2010-2019. This research also uses Product Moment Correlation and Regression Curve Estimation to find out the correlation between the disparity and economic growth. The result of the study shows that the level of regional disparity in North Sumatera Province is very high. Government expenditure, natural resources significantly affect the regional disparity, whereas the investment does not significantly affect the disparity. The correlation between the growth economy and regional disparity indicates a very weak negative correlation. Thus, the data cannot be used to explain the correlation between economy growth and development disparity in North Sumatera Province in 2010-2019. Keywords: Economy Growth, Regional Disparity 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Maritime Greatness and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Society in South Borneo
    JMSNI (Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration), 3 (2), 71-79 | E-ISSN: 2579-9215 Tracing the Maritime Greatness and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Society in South Borneo Yety Rochwulaningsih,*1 Noor Naelil Masruroh,2 Fanada Sholihah3 1Master and Doctoral Program of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Department of History Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University, Indonesia 3Center for Asian Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v3i2.6291 Abstract This article examines the triumph of the maritime world of South Borneo and Received: the construction of a cosmopolitan society as a result of the trade diaspora and November 8, 2019 the mobility of nations from various regions. A “liquid” situation has placed Banjarmasin as a maritime emporium in the archipelago which influenced in Accepted: the 17th century. In fact, the expansion of Islam in the 16th to 17th centuries December 8, 2019 in Southeast Asia directly impacted the strengthening of the existing emporium. Thus, for a long time, Banjarmasin people have interacted and even Corresponding Author: integrated with various types of outsiders who came, for example, Javanese, [email protected] Malays, Indians, Bugis, Chinese, Persians, Arabs, British and Dutch. In the context of the maritime world, the people of South Borneo are not only objects of the entry of foreign traders, but are able to become important subjects in trading activities, especially in the pepper trade. The Banjar Sultanate was even able to respond to the needs of pepper at the global level through intensification of pepper cultivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Through Central Borneo
    LIBRARY v.. BOOKS BY CARL LUMHOLTZ THKODOH CENTRAL BORNEO NEW TRAILS IN MEXICO AMONG CANNIBALS Ea(k Profuitly llluilraUd CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS THROUGH CENTRAL BORNEO 1. 1>V lutKSi « AKI. J-lMHol,!/. IN IMK HI 1 N<. AN U H THROUGH CENTRAL BORNEO AN ACCOUNT OF TWO YEARS' TRAVEL IN THE LAND OF THE HEAD-HUNTERS BETWEEN THE YEARS 1913 AND 1917 BY ^ i\^ ^'^'' CARL LUMHOLTZ IfEMBER OF THE SOaETY OF SCIENCES OF CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY GOLD MEDALLIST OF THE NORWEGIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCTETY ASSOCIE ETRANGER DE LA SOCIETE DE L'ANTHROPOLOGIE DE PARIS, ETC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR AND WITH MAP VOLUME I NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1920 COPYKICBT, IMO. BY CHARLF.'; '^CRIBN'ER'S SONS Publubed Sepcembcr, IMU We may safely affirm that the better specimens of savages are much superior to the lower examples of civilized peoples. Alfred Russel ffallace. PREFACE Ever since my camping life with the aborigines of Queensland, many years ago, it has been my desire to explore New Guinea, the promised land of all who are fond of nature and ambitious to discover fresh secrets. In furtherance of this purpose their Majesties, the King and Queen of Norway, the Norwegian Geographical So- ciety, the Royal Geographical Society of London, and Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, generously assisted me with grants, thus facilitating my efforts to raise the necessary funds. Subscriptions were received in Norway, also from American and English friends, and after purchasing the principal part of my outfit in London, I departed for New York in the au- tumn of 1913, en route for the Dutch Indies.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Ethnicity, Infrastructure, and the Use of Financial Institutions in Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
    GENDER, ETHNICITY, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND THE USE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN KALIMANTAN BARAT, INDONESIA _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CHRISTINA POMIANEK DAMES Dr. Mary Shenk, Dissertation Supervisor JULY 2012 © Copyright by Christina Dames 2012 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School have examined the dissertation entitled GENDER, ETHNICITY, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND THE USE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN KALIMANTAN BARAT, INDONESIA presented by Christina Pomianek Dames, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Assistant Professor Mary Shenk Associate Professor Craig Palmer Associate Professor Todd VanPool Professor James S. Rikoon This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my parents. ACKNOWLEGEMENTS Now at the conclusion of my graduate studies in anthropology, I look back and recognize the many people who have been instrumental in helping me to discover, pursue, and achieve my goals. In thanks. First and foremost, to my dissertation advisor and mentor, Dr. Mary Shenk, for her guidance and for the many hours she has spent reading and commenting on drafts of this dissertation. To my late mentor Dr. Reed Wadley, who is solely responsible for opening my eyes to Indonesia and in Kalimantan Barat. Although we only worked together for a few short years, meeting Dr. Wadley completely changed the course of my life. I am deeply saddened that we are not able to share our ―stories from the field,‖ but I am forever grateful that our paths crossed at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Perjalanan Panjang Perubahan Status UGN Menjadi PTN
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321097917 Pendidikan di Tapanuli Bagian Selatan -Perjalanan Panjang Perubahan Status UGN Menjadi PTN Book · November 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 225 3 authors, including: Kiman Siregar Syiah Kuala University 54 PUBLICATIONS 42 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Study of Exchange Method of Life Cycle Assessment to Exergetic Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production Using Catalyst From Oil Palm View project Pengembangan Mesin Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biomassa (PLTBm) Skala Komersialisasi Pada Sistem Listrik PT.PLN (Persero) Melalui Aplikasi Wet Tar Scrubber dan Gas Filter Serta Optimalisasi Nilai Heating Value Gas Mampu Bakar dan Penggunaan Gas Engine View project All content following this page was uploaded by Kiman Siregar on 16 November 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Pendidikan di Tapanuli Bagian Selatan PERJALANAN PANJANG PERUBAHAN STATUS UGN MENJADI PTN UU No. 19 Tahun 2002 Tentang Hak Cipta Fungsi dan Sifat Hak Cipta Pasal 2 1. Hak Cipta merupakan hak eksklusif bagi pencipta atau pemegang Hak Cipta untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak ciptaannya, yang timbul secara otomatis setelah suatu ciptaan dilahirkan tanpa mengurangi pembatasan menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hak Terkait Pasal 49 1. Pelaku memiliki hak eksklusif untuk memberikan izin atau melarang pihak lain yang tanpa persetujuannya membuat, memperbanyak, atau menyiarkan rekaman suara dan/atau gambar pertunjukannya. Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 72 1. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 2 ayat (1) atau pasal 49 ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah).
    [Show full text]
  • Intimacy-Geopolitics of Redd+ Exploring Access & Exclusion in the Forests of Sungai Lamandau, Indonesia
    INTIMACY-GEOPOLITICS OF REDD+ EXPLORING ACCESS & EXCLUSION IN THE FORESTS OF SUNGAI LAMANDAU, INDONESIA BY PETER JAMES HOWSON A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2016 To be truly radical is to make hope possible, rather than despair convincing. – Raymond Williams, Sources of Hope, 1989 ABSTRACT Indonesia remains the largest contributor of greenhouse gases from primary forest loss in the world. To reverse the trend, the Government of Indonesia is banking on carbon market mechanisms like the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) programme. Geographers have made significant progress in detailing the relationships between private and public interests that enable REDD+. Less understood are the materialities of everyday life that constitute the substantive nodes – the bodies, the subjectivities, the practices and discourses – of political tensions and conflicts within Indonesia’s nascent REDD+ implementation framework. Concerns for ‘equity’ rooted within an economistic frame of ‘benefit sharing’ seem to be high on political agendas. Yet, relatively few studies have investigated the basic principles and intimate processes underlying benefit sharing approaches within sites of project implementation. Focussing on Sungai Lamandau, Central Kalimantan as a case study, I consider the powers local actors mobilise to access, and exclude others from the diverse and, at times, elusive set of ‘benefits’ within one ‘community-based’ REDD+ project. Reflecting on over 150 interviews and ten months of ethnographic observations, the exploration provides a timely alternative to overly reductive REDD+ research, which remains focused on links between benefit sharing, safeguards, additionality, monitoring and verification.
    [Show full text]
  • Livability Court Records 1/1/1997 to 8/31/2021
    Livability Court Records 1/1/1997 to 8/31/2021 Last First Middle Case Charge Disposition Disposition Date Judge 133 Cannon St Llc Rep JohnCompany Q Florence U43958 Minimum Standards For Vacant StructuresGuilty 8/13/18 Molony 148 St Phillips St Assoc.Company U32949 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 10/17/11 Molony 18 Felix Llc Rep David BevonCompany U34794 Building Permits; Plat and Plans RequiredGuilty 8/13/18 Mendelsohn 258 Coming Street InvestmentCompany Llc Rep Donald Mitchum U42944 Public Nuisances Prohibited Guilty 12/18/17 Molony 276 King Street Llc C/O CompanyDiversified Corporate Services Int'l U45118 STR Failure to List Permit Number Guilty 2/25/19 Molony 60 And 60 1/2 Cannon St,Company Llc U33971 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 8/29/11 Molony 60 Bull St Llc U31469 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 8/29/11 Molony 70 Ashe St. Llc C/O StefanieCompany Lynn Huffer U45433 STR Failure to List Permit Number N/A 5/6/19 Molony 70 Ashe Street Llc C/O CompanyCobb Dill And Hammett U45425 STR Failure to List Permit Number N/A 5/6/19 Molony 78 Smith St. Llc C/O HarrisonCompany Malpass U45427 STR Failure to List Permit Number Guilty 3/25/19 Molony A Lkyon Art And Antiques U18167 Fail To Follow Putout Practices Guilty 1/22/04 Molony Aaron's Deli Rep Chad WalkesCompany U31773 False Alarms Guilty 9/14/16 Molony Abbott Harriet Caroline U79107 Loud & Unnecessary Noise Guilty 8/23/10 Molony Abdo David W U32943 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 8/29/11 Molony Abdo David W U37109 Public Nuisances Prohibited Guilty 2/11/14 Pending Abkairian Sabina U41995 1st Offense - Failing to wear face coveringGuilty or mask.
    [Show full text]
  • Sculpture of Tacoma's Beloved Ivan Will Help Tell the Story of Critically
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Oct. 26, 2016 SCULPTURE OF TACOMA’S BELOVED IVAN WILL HELP TELL THE STORY OF CRITICALLY ENDANGERED GORILLAS AS THEIR NUMBERS DWINDLE IN THE WILD Lifelike 600-pound bronze statue unveiled Wednesday morning in Point Defiance Park Tacoma, Wash. – A new 600-pound ambassador for critically endangered gorillas now stands in Point Defiance Park near the entrance to Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. The larger- than-life sculpture of Tacoma’s beloved Ivan, cherished by generations of residents in the Puget Sound region, was unveiled Wednesday morning during a ceremony that stressed the perils of poaching and habitat loss the species faces in Africa. Jodi Carrigan, assistant curator of primates at Zoo Atlanta, with the just-unveiled sculpture of Ivan, a western lowland gorilla, in Point Defiance Park Wednesday morning. She was among the zookeepers who cared for Ivan and got to know the gorilla well. “Thanks to individuals like Ivan, who make special connections with us and leave us with such lasting impressions, we hope we will never face the extinction of western lowland gorillas,” said Jodi Carrigan, assistant curator of primates at Zoo Atlanta. “As we celebrate him and impact he’s made, we realize the enormous capacity he has had to change our own lives for the better. He helped us better understand the species that share our planet. And I know he will continue to live on as a powerful ambassador for gorillas everywhere.” Carrigan was among the people who knew the gentle gorilla best, having spent several years caring for him after he joined the gorilla family in Zoo Atlanta’s award-winning habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Bornean Orangutans
    Envisioning a future for BORNEAN ORANGUTANS Conservation impacts of 10 years of Bornean action plan implementation and recommendations for improved population outcomes Authors: Julie Sherman, Marc Ancrenaz, and Erik Meijaard Protected areas, forest change and forest fragment maps and analysis by Maria Voigt cover illustration : Lucy Molleson CONTENTS Evaluating Bornean orangutan conservation effectiveness ........................................................................ 1 Results ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Plan implementation ................................................................................................................................. 2 Stakeholder interventions .......................................................................................................................... 3 Rescue and release .................................................................................................................................... 4 Law enforcement ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Management of orangutans in concessions ............................................................................................... 6 Habitat loss and habitat protection ........................................................................................................... 7 Orangutan
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Orangutan Tool Use NEW INSIGHTS for HUMAN EVOLUTION
    Wild Orangutan Tool Use NEW INSIGHTS FOR HUMAN EVOLUTION Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Ellen J.M. Meulman aus den Niederlanden Promotionskomitee Prof. Dr. Carel P. van Schaik (Leitung der Dissertation/Vorsitz) Dr. Judith M. Burkart Zürich, 2014 For all the great apes (human or non-human), I have had the luck to know or meet and be inspired by in one way or another… Table of Contents ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. 7 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG (GERMAN ABSTRACT) ............................................. 9 ABSTRAK (INDONESIAN ABSTRACT) ........................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................... 14 General introduction .......................................................................................................... 14 How to define tool use? .................................................................................................... 14 Did tool use make us human? .......................................................................................... 15 Is tool use cognitively demanding? .................................................................................. 16 How orangutans can contribute to the study of tool use .................................................. 18 Aims and
    [Show full text]
  • Trial by Fire F Orest F Ires and F Orestry P Olicy in I Ndonesia’ S E Ra of C Risis and R Eform
    TRIAL BY FIRE F OREST F IRES AND F ORESTRY P OLICY IN I NDONESIA’ S E RA OF C RISIS AND R EFORM CHARLES VICTOR BARBER JAMES SCHWEITHELM WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE FOREST FRONTIERS INITIATIVE IN COLLABORATION WITH WWF-INDONESIA & TELAPAK INDONESIA FOUNDATION INDONESIA’S FOREST COVER Notes: (a) Hotspots, showing ground thermal activity detected with the NOAA AVHRR sensor, represent an area of approximately 1 square kilometer. Data from August - December 1997 were processed by IFFM-GTZ, FFPCP (b) Forest cover is from The Last Frontier Forests, Bryant, Nielsen, and Tangley, 1997. "Frontier forest" refers to large, ecologically intact and relatively undisturbed natural forests. "Non-frontier forests" are dominated by eventually degrade the ecosystem. See Bryant, Nielsen, and Tangley for detailed definitions. AND 1997-98 FIRE HOT SPOTS CA, and FFPMP-EU. ondary forests, plantations, degraded forest, and patches of primary forest not large enough to qualify as frontier forest. "Threatened frontier forests" are forests where ongoing or planned human activities will TRIAL BY FIRE F OREST F IRES AND F ORESTRY P OLICY IN I NDONESIA’ S E RA OF C RISIS AND R EFORM CHARLES VICTOR BARBER JAMES SCHWEITHELM WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE FOREST FRONTIERS INITIATIVE IN COLLABORATION WITH WWF-INDONESIA & TELAPAK INDONESIA FOUNDATION TO COME Publications Director Hyacinth Billings Production Manager Designed by: Papyrus Design Group, Washington, DC Each World Resources Institute report represents a timely, scholarly treatment of a subject of public concern. WRI takes responsibility for choosing the study topics and guaranteeing its authors and researchers freedom of inquiry. It also solicits and responds to the guidance of advisory panels and expert reviewers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Malayic-Speaking Orang Laut Dialects and Directions for Research
    KARLWacana ANDERBECK Vol. 14 No., The 2 Malayic-speaking(October 2012): 265–312Orang Laut 265 The Malayic-speaking Orang Laut Dialects and directions for research KARL ANDERBECK Abstract Southeast Asia is home to many distinct groups of sea nomads, some of which are known collectively as Orang (Suku) Laut. Those located between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula are all Malayic-speaking. Information about their speech is paltry and scattered; while starting points are provided in publications such as Skeat and Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a, b, 1960), Sopher (1977: 178–180), Kadir et al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), and Collins (1988, 1995), a comprehensive account and description of Malayic Sea Tribe lects has not been provided to date. This study brings together disparate sources, including a bit of original research, to sketch a unified linguistic picture and point the way for further investigation. While much is still unknown, this paper demonstrates relationships within and between individual Sea Tribe varieties and neighbouring canonical Malay lects. It is proposed that Sea Tribe lects can be assigned to four groupings: Kedah, Riau Islands, Duano, and Sekak. Keywords Malay, Malayic, Orang Laut, Suku Laut, Sea Tribes, sea nomads, dialectology, historical linguistics, language vitality, endangerment, Skeat and Blagden, Holle. 1 Introduction Sometime in the tenth century AD, a pair of ships follows the monsoons to the southeast coast of Sumatra. Their desire: to trade for its famed aromatic resins and gold. Threading their way through the numerous straits, the ships’ path is a dangerous one, filled with rocky shoals and lurking raiders. Only one vessel reaches its destination.
    [Show full text]