Rosati Alexandra (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-6906-7807) Heterochrony in chimpanzee and bonobo spatial memory development Alexandra G. Rosati Correspondence Departments of Psychology and Anthropology University of Michigan 530 Church St Ann Arbor, MI 48109
[email protected] Keywords: Comparative cognition; spatial cognition; life history; ecology; apes Funding information: This work was supported by an L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, and AGR was supported by NIA R01AG04395. Figures and tables: 5 Black-and-white figures, 2 tables This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23833 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract Objectives: The emergence of human-unique cognitive abilities has been linked to our species’ extended juvenile period. Comparisons of cognitive development across species can provide new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping cognition. This study examined the development of different components of spatial memory, cognitive mechanisms that support complex foraging, by comparing two species with similar life history that vary in wild ecology: bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Materials and Methods: Spatial memory development was assessed using a cross- sectional experimental design comparing apes ranging from infancy to adulthood. Study 1 tested 73 sanctuary-living apes on a task examining recall of a single location after a one-week delay, compared to an earlier session. Study 2 tested their ability to recall multiple locations within a complex environment.