Newsletter 3
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State of the Park Report, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, Georgia
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior State of the Park Report Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Georgia November 2013 National Park Service. 2013. State of the Park Report for Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. State of the Park Series No. 8. National Park Service, Washington, D.C. On the cover: Civil War cannon and field of flags at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. Disclaimer. This State of the Park report summarizes the current condition of park resources, visitor experience, and park infrastructure as assessed by a combination of available factual information and the expert opinion and professional judgment of park staff and subject matter experts. The internet version of this report provides the associated workshop summary report and additional details and sources of information about the findings summarized in the report, including references, accounts on the origin and quality of the data, and the methods and analytic approaches used in data collection and assessments of condition. This report provides evaluations of status and trends based on interpretation by NPS scientists and managers of both quantitative and non- quantitative assessments and observations. Future condition ratings may differ from findings in this report as new data and knowledge become available. The park superintendent approved the publication of this report. Executive Summary The mission of the National Park Service is to preserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of national parks for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. NPS Management Policies (2006) state that “The Service will also strive to ensure that park resources and values are passed on to future generations in a condition that is as good as, or better than, the conditions that exist today.” As part of the stewardship of national parks for the American people, the NPS has begun to develop State of the Park reports to assess the overall status and trends of each park’s resources. -
Lucinda Hardage – from the Files at Kennesaw Mountain NBP
Lucinda Hardage – from the files at Kennesaw Mountain NBP Edited by Kimberlye M. Cole, 2013 Miss Lucinda Hardage, symbol of America, she saw it all – How war came to the land she knew for ninety-two years, saw boys in gray entrench upon her father’s farm in face of an advancing wave of blue. She lived to see those entrenchments become a part of a national park dedicated to perpetuate for America the memory of those stirring days of 1864, when soldiers and civilians, north and south, demonstrated that courageous hold characteristically American. To historians and other park officials, Miss Lucinda Hardage gave a wealth of first-hand information about the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, details and anecdotes available from no other source. She was a symbol of an era, the last direct link with a historic past. When she died July 14, 1940, seventy six years after the battle of Kennesaw, that personal link was broken. Miss Lucinda was born January 14, 1848, the daughter of George Washington and Mary Ann Cook Hardage. Her birthplace was a log cabin of one room, south of the Burnt Hickory Road, close to the base of Little Kennesaw Mountain. From Hall County, Georgia, her father had moved to Cobb County and built a cabin in Indian country. Miss Lucinda recalled that he cleared the land by day and improved the house after dark, with her mother’s assistance. Miss Lucinda was one of fourteen children. Two of her sisters who died in infancy are buried at the foot of the large cedar tree (now gone) near the trailside exhibit at Little Kennesaw. -
The Other Side of the Monument: Memory, Preservation, and the Battles of Franklin and Nashville
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MONUMENT: MEMORY, PRESERVATION, AND THE BATTLES OF FRANKLIN AND NASHVILLE by JOE R. BAILEY B.S., Austin Peay State University, 2006 M.A., Austin Peay State University, 2008 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2015 Abstract The thriving areas of development around the cities of Franklin and Nashville in Tennessee bear little evidence of the large battles that took place there during November and December, 1864. Pointing to modern development to explain the failed preservation of those battlefields, however, radically oversimplifies how those battlefields became relatively obscure. Instead, the major factor contributing to the lack of preservation of the Franklin and Nashville battlefields was a fractured collective memory of the two events; there was no unified narrative of the battles. For an extended period after the war, there was little effort to remember the Tennessee Campaign. Local citizens and veterans of the battles simply wanted to forget the horrific battles that haunted their memories. Furthermore, the United States government was not interested in saving the battlefields at Franklin and Nashville. Federal authorities, including the War Department and Congress, had grown tired of funding battlefields as national parks and could not be convinced that the two battlefields were worthy of preservation. Moreover, Southerners and Northerners remembered Franklin and Nashville in different ways, and historians mainly stressed Eastern Theater battles, failing to assign much significance to Franklin and Nashville. Throughout the 20th century, infrastructure development encroached on the battlefields and they continued to fade from public memory. -
Tour Stops Section #11 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
1 The Bandy Heritage Center for Northwest Georgia Atlanta Campaign Driving Tour Kennesaw Mountain Tour Stops Section #11 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain Heavy rain plagued both armies as they withdrew from their Dallas-New Hope-Pickett’s Mill lines during the first weeks of June 1864. Forced to return to the Western and Atlantic Railroad to supply his men, Sherman concentrated his forces in the Acworth-Big Shanty region. The lack of roads and the impassable conditions of the ones that existed prevented Sherman from continuing his strategy of moving around Johnston’s flanks in order to pry him from his strong defensive positions. A more direct approach to Atlanta would be needed. Johnston, having no choice but to shadow Sherman’s movements, established a new line south of Acworth. Taking advantage of several prominent heights in the area, Johnston’s line ran north from Lost Mountain to Gilgal Church, turned east at Pine Mountain, and extended past Brush Mountain to the Western and Atlantic Railroad. This line enabled Johnston to protect both his communications and supply lines as well as the approaches to Marietta. Taking advantage of the wild and broken terrain occupied by his army, Johnston turned the ridges and hills into an extended fortress of earthworks, rifle pits, and artillery firing positions that dominated all avenues of approach across his front. Reinforced by the arrival of Major General Francis Blair’s XVII Corps of McPherson’s Army of the Tennessee, Sherman began his advance to Marietta on June 10, 1864. McPherson, on the left, moved along the railroad toward Marietta. -
Newsletter 3
x Frederick H. Hackeman CAMP 85 December 2019 Commander’s Ramblings Brothers, As voted and approved at the September meeting, the camp will collect dues for all three levels of the SUVCW at $40.00 each year. This is to increase the bank balance to enable us to begin funding a more robust level of activities to include Eagle Scout and Flag cer- tificate presentations, the Last Soldier in Berrien County ceremony (Grave Marker purchase), and other activities that could entail an expense. One thing I would like to see is for each camp brother to continue to research and find other Union ancestors and submit Supplemental War applicatitons for these ancestors. They are just as worthy of remem- bering and honoring as our initial Ancestor. It was interesting for me to research and identify two more Union soldiers in my lmited ancestry (I have English immigrant ancestors in the late 1890’s). Get Ready, Get Set, Start your digging! There was discussion in September of previous activities that earned some money for the Camp coffers. If anyone can remember Commander and pass along what those activities were, please do so. They could be an- to Page 7 other means by which we can increase our financial state such that we can In this Issue Page 1 - Commander’s Ramblings Page 2 - Civil War Christmas Veterans of the Civil Page 4 - Berrien County in the War - 3rd Cavalry Page 6 - Book Report Page 7 - A Thanksgiving Proclamation Page 9 - November Camp minutes Page 10 - National &Department Events Page 11 - Civil War Time Line Page 13 - Battle of Nashville Page 19 - Member Ancestors List Sons of the Union Camp Communicator Next Camp Meeting January 9, 2012 - 6 p.m. -
Georgia Cobb Marietta
Form 10-306 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Oct. 1972) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Georgia NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Cobb INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) COMMON: _JVr ~~ " ~ • : - Kennesaw Mountain National:Battlefield Park AND/OR HISTORIC: STREET AND NUMBER: P. O. : BOK 1167 On western edge of Marietta, GA^just .of£ US CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Marietta 7th STATE: COUNTY: , CODE Georgia : 137: . Cobb 067 ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS TO THE PUBLIC District | | Building L7Q Public Public Acquisition: Occupied Yes: Site' Q Structure L~3 Private Q In Process Unoccupied Qtl Restricted Q Object C] Both Q Being Considered Preservation work | | Unrestricted- in progress PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Q Agricultural [_J Government | | Transportation Comments t - [~~1 Commercial | | Industrial Q Private Residence Other fSpec/fy; [ ] Educational [^Military Q Religious | 1 Entertainment [~~| Museum I | Scientific Ui IU National Park ^Service, Kenne'saw Mountain National. Battlefield Park REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (I! applicable) STREET AMD NUMBER: Southeast Region Cl TY OR TOWN: Atlanta COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC: Cobb County Courthouse STREET AND NUMBER: 177 Washington Avenue, N. ; E CITY_OR TOWN: Marietta TITLE OF SURVEY: None DATE OF SURVEY: DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: (Check One) f~l Excellent Stl Good Q Fair I | Deteriorated [ | Ruin* Q Unexpoted CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) (2Q Altered Q Unaltered Q Moved (X) Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (it known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Kennesaw Mountain is an erosional granitic hornblende remnant located in the upper Georgia Piedmont. -
FOR THOSE WHO STILL HEAR the Gunsrm by William Glenn Robertson
FOR THOSE WHO STILL HEAR THE GUNSrM by William Glenn Robertson Dave Rmh of B&G The Armies (~ollide Bragg }~orces His Way Across (~hickamattga (~reek The failure of Gen. Braxton Bragg's bold and bring the remainder to La Fayette, Ga. (see Mills on the previous day by elements of effort to cripple the Federal XIV Corps in Pg. 51). By 8:30a.m., Bragg had decided upon Thomas J. Wood's Federal division, was to McLemore's Cove on September 11, 1863 (see the next offensive action to take. Believing that remain in contact with the Federals in its Maps, Pp. 10-ll) did not break the offensive Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden's XXI Corps front. On Armstrong's right, Brig. Gen. John spirit of either the Army of Tennessee or its might be vulnerable, he resolved to send forces Pegram was to deploy his two brigades in an commander. After a few hours of fitful rest, north from La Fayette to strike any elements arc stretching southeast toward the hamlet Bragg was again issuing orders as early as of that corps that could be found. ofVillanow, Ga., on the direct route from La seven o'clock the morning of the 12th. At that Accordingly, Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk was Fayette to Resaca. When he learned around hour he directed Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. told to move Frank Cheatham's large five noon that Armstrong had broken contact with Johnson to continue shielding the army's supply brigade division ten miles north on the the Federals at Lee and Gordon's Mills, line by blocking any Federal push toward Chattanooga road to Rock Spring Church (see Bragg sternly sent him forward again. -
Bloody Battle at Chickamauga
Bloody Battle at Chickamauga http://civilwar150.longwood.edu The week of September 15-21, 1863 would see the second bloodiest battle of the American Civil War—the famous engagement at Chickamauga, Georgia which resulted in a Confederate victory, but one which was not as complete as it may have been because of the actions of a stubborn Union general. While the Chickamauga campaign dominated activities in the war’s western theater, in the east there was minor skirmishing between the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia as the former moved southward towards the Rapidan River against Robert E. Lee’s depleted force. President Abraham Lincoln actions overshadowed those of the military as on September 15 he ordered suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus which allowed for the holding of individuals by military or civil authorities without charge. The country’s attention, however, was focused along the Tennessee-Georgia border, where the Union Army of the Cumberland under William Rosecrans and the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Braxton Bragg moved towards a collision. In the preceding weeks, Rosecrans had outmaneuvered Bragg and forced a Confederate evacuation of Chattanooga. The southern commander was then frustrated in two attempts to destroy isolated elements of the Federal army, and by September 18 the two forces faced each other near Chickamauga Creek in north Georgia. Bragg hoped to move to the north and cut Rosecrans off from Chattanooga. The main fighting began on Saturday, September 19, when Union General George Thomas engaged Confederate cavalry under Nathan Bedford Forest. By the end of the day the two sides were fighting along a three mile long line in heavily wooded terrain. -
Satin Army Corps System
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMY CORPS SYSTEM IN THE UNION ARMY Allan Satin, Cincinnati Civil War Round Table, [email protected] © Allan Satin & Cincinnati Civil War Round Table, 2010, www.cincinnaticwrt.org At the end of the American Civil War, the Union Army was organized into army corps each with its own unique number which remained with it even if the corps was transferred from one army to another. How did this system develop in the Union Army? The United States Regular Army had no field commands larger than a regiment when the Civil War broke out in April 1861. Regiments were assigned to geographical departments with no intervening level of command. With the expansion of the armies resulting from the recruitment of the volunteer forces, command levels between the regimental and departmental levels were clearly required. At first, those departments with large enough field forces organized their new regiments into brigades (e.g. May 28 in the Department of Washington). As the forces became larger, divisions were formed (June 11 in the Department of Pennsylvania). The first major campaign was fought with armies organized into divisions (First Bull Run). Military men in the United States were familiar with the corps d’armée system as it had existed in the armies of Napoleon, but conservative commanders such as George B. McClellan and Don Carlos Buell were reluctant to form army corps in the armies under their command. McClellan wanted to postpone the creation of army corps until he had tested his divisional commanders through active operations to see which of them would be capable of commanding at the army corps level. -
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park
National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory 2009 Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Table of Contents Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Concurrence Status Geographic Information and Location Map Management Information National Register Information Chronology & Physical History Analysis & Evaluation of Integrity Condition Treatment Bibliography & Supplemental Information Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Inventory Summary The Cultural Landscapes Inventory Overview: CLI General Information: Purpose and Goals of the CLI The Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) is an evaluated inventory of all significant landscapes in units of the national park system in which the National Park Service has, or plans to acquire any enforceable legal interest. Landscapes documented through the CLI are those that individually meet criteria set forth in the National Register of Historic Places such as historic sites, historic designed landscapes, and historic vernacular landscapes or those that are contributing elements of properties that meet the criteria. In addition, landscapes that are managed as cultural resources because of law, policy, or decisions reached through the park planning process even though they do not meet the National Register criteria, are also included in the CLI. The CLI serves three major purposes. First, it provides the means to describe cultural landscapes on an individual or collective basis at the park, regional, or service-wide level. Secondly, it provides a platform to share information about cultural landscapes across programmatic areas and concerns and to integrate related data about these resources into park management. Thirdly, it provides an analytical tool to judge accomplishment and accountability. -
Atlanta Heritage Trails 2.3 Miles, Easy–Moderate
4th Edition AtlantaAtlanta WalksWalks 4th Edition AtlantaAtlanta WalksWalks A Comprehensive Guide to Walking, Running, and Bicycling the Area’s Scenic and Historic Locales Ren and Helen Davis Published by PEACHTREE PUBLISHERS 1700 Chattahoochee Avenue Atlanta, Georgia 30318-2112 www.peachtree-online.com Copyright © 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2011 by Render S. Davis and Helen E. Davis All photos © 1998, 2003, 2011 by Render S. Davis and Helen E. Davis All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without prior permission of the publisher. This book is a revised edition of Atlanta’s Urban Trails.Vol. 1, City Tours.Vol. 2, Country Tours. Atlanta: Susan Hunter Publishing, 1988. Maps by Twin Studios and XNR Productions Book design by Loraine M. Joyner Cover design by Maureen Withee Composition by Robin Sherman Fourth Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Manufactured in August 2011 in Harrisonburg, Virgina, by RR Donnelley & Sons in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Davis, Ren, 1951- Atlanta walks : a comprehensive guide to walking, running, and bicycling the area’s scenic and historic locales / written by Ren and Helen Davis. -- 4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-56145-584-3 (alk. paper) 1. Atlanta (Ga.)--Tours. 2. Atlanta Region (Ga.)--Tours. 3. Walking--Georgia--Atlanta-- Guidebooks. 4. Walking--Georgia--Atlanta Region--Guidebooks. 5. -
A Short History of Army Intelligence
A Short History of Army Intelligence by Michael E. Bigelow, Command Historian, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Introduction On July 1, 2012, the Military Intelligence (MI) Branch turned fi fty years old. When it was established in 1962, it was the Army’s fi rst new branch since the Transportation Corps had been formed twenty years earlier. Today, it remains one of the youngest of the Army’s fi fteen basic branches (only Aviation and Special Forces are newer). Yet, while the MI Branch is a relatively recent addition, intelligence operations and functions in the Army stretch back to the Revolutionary War. This article will trace the development of Army Intelligence since the 18th century. This evolution was marked by a slow, but steady progress in establishing itself as a permanent and essential component of the Army and its operations. Army Intelligence in the Revolutionary War In July 1775, GEN George Washington assumed command of the newly established Continental Army near Boston, Massachusetts. Over the next eight years, he dem- onstrated a keen understanding of the importance of MI. Facing British forces that usually outmatched and often outnumbered his own, Washington needed good intelligence to exploit any weaknesses of his adversary while masking those of his own army. With intelligence so imperative to his army’s success, Washington acted as his own chief of intelligence and personally scrutinized the information that came into his headquarters. To gather information about the enemy, the American com- mander depended on the traditional intelligence sources avail- able in the 18th century: scouts and spies.