DOCSLIB.ORG

State of the Park Report, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, Georgia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior State of the Park Report Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Georgia November 2013 National Park Service. 2013. State of the Park Report for Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. State of the Park Series No. 8. National Park Service, Washington, D.C. On the cover: Civil War cannon and field of flags at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. Disclaimer. This State of the Park report summarizes the current condition of park resources, visitor experience, and park infrastructure as assessed by a combination of available factual information and the expert opinion and professional judgment of park staff and subject matter experts. The internet version of this report provides the associated workshop summary report and additional details and sources of information about the findings summarized in the report, including references, accounts on the origin and quality of the data, and the methods and analytic approaches used in data collection and assessments of condition. This report provides evaluations of status and trends based on interpretation by NPS scientists and managers of both quantitative and non- quantitative assessments and observations. Future condition ratings may differ from findings in this report as new data and knowledge become available. The park superintendent approved the publication of this report. Executive Summary The mission of the National Park Service is to preserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of national parks for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. NPS Management Policies (2006) state that “The Service will also strive to ensure that park resources and values are passed on to future generations in a condition that is as good as, or better than, the conditions that exist today.” As part of the stewardship of national parks for the American people, the NPS has begun to develop State of the Park reports to assess the overall status and trends of each park’s resources. The NPS will use this information to improve park priority setting and to synthesize and communicate complex park condition information to the public in a clear and simple way. The purpose of this State of the Park report is to: • Provide to visitors and the American public a snapshot of the status and trend in the condition of a park’s priority resources and values; • Summarize and communicate complex scientific, scholarly, and park operations factual information and expert opinion using non-technical language and a visual format; • Highlight park stewardship activities and accomplishments to maintain or improve the State of the Park; • Identify key issues and challenges facing the park to help inform park management planning. Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park encompasses approximately 2,923 acres of mostly hardwood forest that preserves a Civil War battleground of the Atlanta Campaign. Between June 19 and July 2, 1864, a series of battles occurred here between Gen. Joseph E. Johnston’s Confederate force of 65,000 troops and Gen. William T. Sherman’s Union army of 100,000 men. Eventually, Sherman’s army outflanked the Confederate force and forced them to abandon their lines. The loss of Kennesaw Mountain removed one of the last major geographic obstacles protecting Atlanta, which eventually fell to the Union army in September of 1864. The fall of Atlanta bolstered the Union army’s resolve to continue the conflict and eventually led to the re-election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1864. The purpose of Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park is to preserve, protect, and interpret, for the benefit and inspiration of the people, the historical and natural features of this major battle site in the American Civil War’s 1864 Atlanta Campaign. Significance statements express why the park unit’s resources and values are important enough to warrant national park unit designation. Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park is significant because: • It is the only nationally designated battle site that commemorates the 1864 Atlanta Campaign. Union victory in this campaign ensured the re-election of Abraham Lincoln and thereby the eventual preservation of the Union. • Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park preserves 8.9 miles of original Civil War field fortifications, which were decisive elements in later stages of the American Civil War. • The Park is one of the best places to see a diverse community of migratory birds east of the Mississippi River. The park was the first designated Globally Important Bird Area in the state of Georgia and is a focus area for bird conservation in the Southern Piedmont of the United States. • Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park is the site of a major Civil War battle, which also provides one of the largest contiguous federally managed public green spaces in a major metropolitan area serving millions of recreationists each year. The summary table, below, and the supporting information that follows, provides an overall assessment of the condition of priority resources and values at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park based on scientific and scholarly studies and expert opinion. The internet version of this report, available at http://www.nps.gov/stateoftheparks/kemo/, provides additional detail and sources of information about the resources summarized in this report, including references, accounts on the origin and quality of the data, and the methods and analytical approaches used in the assessments. Reference conditions that represent “healthy” ecosystem parameters, and regulatory standards (such as those related to air or water quality) provide the rationale to describe current resource status. In coming years, rapidly evolving information regarding climate change and associated effects will inform our goals for managing park resources, and may alter how we measure the trend in condition of park resources. Thus, reference conditions, regulatory standards, and/or our judgment about resource status or trend may evolve as the rate of climate change accelerates and we respond to novel conditions. In this context, the status and trends documented here provide a useful point-in-time baseline to inform our understanding of emerging change, as well as a synthesis to share as we build broader climate change response strategies with partners. The Status and Trend symbols used in the summary table below and throughout this report are summarized in the following key. The background color represents the current condition status, the direction of the arrow summarizes the trend in condition, and the thickness of the outside line represents the degree of confidence in the assessment. In some cases, the arrow is omitted because data are not sufficient for calculating a trend (e.g., data from a one-time inventory or insufficient sample size). State of the Park Report iii Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Confidence in Condition Status Trend in Condition Assessment Warrants Condition is Improving High Significant Concern Warrants Condition is Unchanging Medium Moderate Concern Resource is in Good Condition is Deteriorating Low Condition State of the Park Summary Table Condition Priority Resource or Value Rationale Status/Trend Natural Resources web Estimated ozone, average visibility, and nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition levels Air Quality in the park for 2005–2009 warrant significant concern based on NPS Air Resource Division benchmarks. Soils in the park are mostly clay and sandy loam, with moderate to high erodibility. There is evidence of common, severe stream bank erosion, and common, high, and Geology and Soils extremely rapid sedimentation in streams. Sediment cover is 60–80% in many stream locations. The magnitude and timing of flows in the park are typical of streams draining urbanized areas (e.g., flashy flows after rain events and low base flows). Stream temperate, pH, and dissolved oxygen measurements were better than the state Water Quantity and Quality standards for Georgia, but nitrate, phosphorus, aluminum, and fecal coliform bacteria levels all warrant significant concern. Stream health is Fair based on the Macroinvertebrate Index of Biological Integrity. The park has a high species richness and diversity of amphibians and birds, with 23 species of amphibians and 208 species of birds documented to occur in the park. Twelve invasive species identified by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council as Flora and Fauna Category I (i.e., species that invade intact systems, displace native vegetation, and alter ecological processes) occur in the park, including Chinese privet, kudzu, and honeysuckle. The modeled Anthropogenic Light Ratio (ALR), a measure of light pollution calculated as the ratio of Average Anthropogenic Sky Glow to Average Natural Dark Night Sky Sky Luminance, was 19.67 which is considered of significant concern. The park is adjacent to the Atlanta metropolitan area with a population of 5.5 Million people and a 28% growth rate in the past decade. State of the Park Report iv Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Condition Priority Resource or Value Rationale Status/Trend Between 1992 and 2006, the percent of lands surrounding the park that are classified as forest or wetlands decreased from 60% to 30%, whereas the percent of Adjacent Land Cover and land classified as Low/High Intensity Residential or Commercial/Industrial/ Use Transportation increased from 26.6% to 38.5%. From 1992 and 2010, human population increased 70% in the watershed upstream of KEMO and 52% in the area surrounding the park. Cultural Resources web Less than 1% of the park acres deemed appropriate for survey have been adequately surveyed for archeological resources. Documentation for National Archeological Resources Register purposes is incomplete and out of date. Of the 23 known sites, 74% are in Good condition, 13% are in Fair condition, and 13% are of unknown condition No Ethnographic Overview and Assessment exists for the park, but the relationship of the park’s ethnographic resources and historic contexts has been partially Cultural Anthropology documented in various park reports that were primarily developed for other purposes.
Recommended publications
  • Call of the Chickadee

    Call of the Chickadee

    December, the Doorway to Winter: Call of the Chickadee “Chicka-dee-dee-dee”- this beloved little bird sings its name for the whole world to hear. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are small plump birds, just 4 to 5 inches in length with 8-inch wingspans. Both males and females look alike with soft gray backs and tails, white cheeks, a white chest and belly, and a splash of buff-colored feathers below the wings. Their most distinctive characteristics are their black caps and black masks and throats. The chickadees along with their cousins the Carolina chickadees and tufted titmice are members of a passerine family of birds called Paridae and are often referred to as Parids. They are common sites in the winter landscape as they are non-migratory and stay in their habitats year-round. The range of black-capped chickadees and Carolinas overlap and sometimes the birds interbreed so identification can be confusing. Black-capped chickadees are generally a northern species and are the more common bird here at Duke Farms. Black-capped chickadees live in mixed deciduous and coniferous forests, but readily visit bird feeders in suburban backyards. The black-capped chickadee is found from Alaska east through Canada and throughout the upper two-thirds of the United States. They are year-round residents wherever they live. In winter Chickadees often form small flocks that may include other birds like titmice and nuthatches. They flit from tree branch to tree branch gleaning the dead insects, spider eggs, seeds, mosses and berries from bark and trees. Chickadees often collect and cache their food for future meals, sometimes storing food in holes in snags or under bark or lichen.
  • Cavity Nesting Birds Guild

    Cavity Nesting Birds Guild

    Supplemental Volume: Species of Conservation Concern SC SWAP 2015 Cavity Nesting Birds Guild Carolina Chickadee Poecile carolinensis Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Purple Martin Progne subis Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus NOTE: The Red-cockaded Woodpecker is discussed in its own species account. Contributor (2013): Paige Koon (SCDNR) DESCRIPTION Taxonomy and Basic Description Red-bellied Woodpecker, David Brezinski/USFWS The cavity nesting guild includes a diverse group of birds that all require the use of cavities or crevices as nesting locations. The most well-known cavity- nesting species are woodpeckers (family Picidae), and this account addresses 4 species: Downy Woodpecker, Pileated Woodpecker, Red-bellied Woodpecker, and Downy Woodpecker, Dan Red-headed Woodpecker. The remaining birds in the Sudia/USFWS Cavity Nesting Birds Guild included in this account are from the families Paridae (Carolina Chickadee), Troglodytidae (Carolina Wren), Apodidae (Chimney Swift), and Hirundinidae (Purple Martin). The Downy Woodpecker is the smallest of the 4 woodpeckers discussed here. It is distinguished in appearance by its black and white coloration, white breast, white striping on the head, and white on Pileated Woodpecker, Mark the back between the wings. Adult males have a Musselman/USFWS smudge of red across the back of their head. The Pileated Woodpecker, the largest in North America, is a striking bird with a red crest and solid-black back. In flight, the white on the underside of its wings is readily apparent. The Red-bellied Red-headed Woodpecker, Woodpecker is a medium-sized woodpecker that is Dave Menke/USFWS distinguished by its zebra-striped wings and back, and red “mullet”.
  • Biology of Mixed Foraging Flocks of Avian Species. Douglass Hathaway Morse Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

    Biology of Mixed Foraging Flocks of Avian Species. Douglass Hathaway Morse Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1965 Biology of Mixed Foraging Flocks of Avian Species. Douglass Hathaway Morse Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Morse, Douglass Hathaway, "Biology of Mixed Foraging Flocks of Avian Species." (1965). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1048. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1048 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 65—11,400 microfilmed exactly as received MORSE, Douglass Hathaway, 1938- BIOLOGY OF MIXED FORAGING FLOCKS OF AVIAN SPECIES. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1965 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan BIOLOGY OF MIXED FORAGING FLOCKS OF AVIAN SPECIES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Zoology by Douglass Hathaway Morse B •S•9 Bates College, 1960 M.S., The University of Michigan, 1962 May, 1965 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 thank the Department of Zoology and the Museum of Zoology at Louisiana State University for support and the use of equipment during the course of this study* The International Center for Medical Research and Training extended many courtesies to me during my stay in Costa Rica* Mr* Rex R.
  • EKOKIDS: SCHOOLYARD NATURE GUIDES Birds

    EKOKIDS: SCHOOLYARD NATURE GUIDES Birds

    EKOKIDS:SCHOOLYARD NATURE GUIDES Trees Mammals Invertebrates Reptiles & Birds Amphibians EKOKIDS: SCHOOLYARD NATURE GUIDES Birds Birds are common visitors to schools, neighborhoods, parks, and other public places. Their diversity, bright colors, cheerful songs, and daytime habits make them great for engaging children and adults in nature study. Birds are unique among animals. All birds have feathers, wings, and beaks. They are found around the world, from ice-covered Antarctica to steamy jungles, from dry deserts to windy mountaintops, and from freshwater rivers to salty oceans. This booklet shares some information on just a few of the nearly 10,000 bird species that can be found worldwide. How many of these birds can you find in your part of the planet? Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) DESCRIPTION • Other names: redbird, common cardinal • Medium-sized songbird in the cardinal family • Males: bright red feathers, black face masks • Females: light brown feathers, gray face masks • Males and females: reddish-orange bills • Length: 8¾ inches; wingspan: 12 inches HABITAT The northern cardinal can be found throughout the Birds eastern U.S. This native species favors open areas with brushy habitat, including neighborhoods and NORTHERN CARDINAL suburban areas. FUN FACT EKOKIDS: SCHOOLYARD NATURE GUIDES Northern cardinals mate for life. When courting, the Mississippi State University Extension Service male feeds the female beak-to-beak. H ouse Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) DESCRIPTION • Other name: rosefinch • Length: 6 inches; wingspan: 9½ inches • Males: bright, orange-red face and breast; streaky, gray-brown wings and tail • Females: overall gray-brown; no bright red color HABITAT The house finch is not native to the southeastern U.S.
  • Lucinda Hardage – from the Files at Kennesaw Mountain NBP

    Lucinda Hardage – from the Files at Kennesaw Mountain NBP

    Lucinda Hardage – from the files at Kennesaw Mountain NBP Edited by Kimberlye M. Cole, 2013 Miss Lucinda Hardage, symbol of America, she saw it all – How war came to the land she knew for ninety-two years, saw boys in gray entrench upon her father’s farm in face of an advancing wave of blue. She lived to see those entrenchments become a part of a national park dedicated to perpetuate for America the memory of those stirring days of 1864, when soldiers and civilians, north and south, demonstrated that courageous hold characteristically American. To historians and other park officials, Miss Lucinda Hardage gave a wealth of first-hand information about the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, details and anecdotes available from no other source. She was a symbol of an era, the last direct link with a historic past. When she died July 14, 1940, seventy six years after the battle of Kennesaw, that personal link was broken. Miss Lucinda was born January 14, 1848, the daughter of George Washington and Mary Ann Cook Hardage. Her birthplace was a log cabin of one room, south of the Burnt Hickory Road, close to the base of Little Kennesaw Mountain. From Hall County, Georgia, her father had moved to Cobb County and built a cabin in Indian country. Miss Lucinda recalled that he cleared the land by day and improved the house after dark, with her mother’s assistance. Miss Lucinda was one of fourteen children. Two of her sisters who died in infancy are buried at the foot of the large cedar tree (now gone) near the trailside exhibit at Little Kennesaw.
  • Alarm Calls of Tufted Titmice Convey Information About Predator Size and Threat Downloaded from Jason R

    Alarm Calls of Tufted Titmice Convey Information About Predator Size and Threat Downloaded from Jason R

    Behavioral Ecology doi:10.1093/beheco/arq086 Advance Access publication 27 June 2010 Alarm calls of tufted titmice convey information about predator size and threat Downloaded from Jason R. Courter and Gary Ritchison Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, Moore 235, 521 Lancaster Ave., Richmond, KY 40475, USA Many birds utter alarm calls when they encounter predators, and previous work has revealed that variation in the characteristics http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org of the alarm, or ‘‘chick-a-dee,’’ calls of black-capped (Poecile atricapilla) and Carolina (P. carolinensis) chickadees conveys infor- mation about predator size and threat. Little is known, however, about possible information conveyed by the similar ‘‘chick-a-dee’’ alarm call of tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor). During the winters of 2008 and 2009, free-ranging flocks (N ¼ 8) of tufted titmice were presented with models of several species of raptors that varied in size, and titmice responses were monitored. Smaller, higher threat predators (e.g., eastern screech-owl, Megascops asio) elicited longer mobbing bouts and alarm calls with more notes (D-notes) than larger lower threat predators (e.g., red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis). During playback experiments, titmice took longer to return to feeding after playbacks of alarm calls given in response to a small owl than to playbacks given in response to a large hawk or a robin (control). Like chickadees, titmice appear to utter alarm calls that convey information about predator size and threat. Titmice, however, appear to cue in on the total number of D-notes given per unit time instead of the number of D-notes per alarm call.
  • Tour Stops Section #11 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain

    Tour Stops Section #11 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain

    1 The Bandy Heritage Center for Northwest Georgia Atlanta Campaign Driving Tour Kennesaw Mountain Tour Stops Section #11 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain Heavy rain plagued both armies as they withdrew from their Dallas-New Hope-Pickett’s Mill lines during the first weeks of June 1864. Forced to return to the Western and Atlantic Railroad to supply his men, Sherman concentrated his forces in the Acworth-Big Shanty region. The lack of roads and the impassable conditions of the ones that existed prevented Sherman from continuing his strategy of moving around Johnston’s flanks in order to pry him from his strong defensive positions. A more direct approach to Atlanta would be needed. Johnston, having no choice but to shadow Sherman’s movements, established a new line south of Acworth. Taking advantage of several prominent heights in the area, Johnston’s line ran north from Lost Mountain to Gilgal Church, turned east at Pine Mountain, and extended past Brush Mountain to the Western and Atlantic Railroad. This line enabled Johnston to protect both his communications and supply lines as well as the approaches to Marietta. Taking advantage of the wild and broken terrain occupied by his army, Johnston turned the ridges and hills into an extended fortress of earthworks, rifle pits, and artillery firing positions that dominated all avenues of approach across his front. Reinforced by the arrival of Major General Francis Blair’s XVII Corps of McPherson’s Army of the Tennessee, Sherman began his advance to Marietta on June 10, 1864. McPherson, on the left, moved along the railroad toward Marietta.
  • Comparative Notes on the Life History of the Carolina Chickadee1

    Comparative Notes on the Life History of the Carolina Chickadee1

    COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CAROLINA CHICKADEE1 RICHARD BREWER knowledge of the life histories of closely related organisms is basic to A understanding their ecological and evolutionary relationships. The Carolina and Black-capped Chickadees (Parus carolinensis Audubon and P. atricapillus Linnaeus) are sibling species occupying essentially allopatric breeding ranges. Where their ranges are contiguous in western Illinois and eastern Missouri, interbreeding apparently occurs, with the production of a zone in which a large proportion of the birds may be hybrids. This paper presents information on certain aspects of the life history of the Carolina Chickadee, along with comparative material on the Black-capped Chickadee and on a population occurring at the line of contact between these two species. Appreciation is due S. C. Kendeigh, who directed the study. Many persons have aided me through discussion or by assistance in field work; particularly, I am indebted to G. W. COX, W. L. Gillespie, and G. C. West. For supplying me with much valuable information through correspondence, I extend my thanks to K. L. Dixon, L. D. K. Lawrence, C. McMullen, J. T. Tanner, and especially to H. Brackbill and A. Laskey whose sizable contributions are cited specifically in the appropriate sections beyond. My wife, Lucy Sharp Brewer, assisted in tending and observing young in the laboratory. Work during the years 1956-1959 was supported by National Science Foundation pre- doctoral fellowships. PROCEDURE Field work was conducted from October 1954 to November 1959. Although some supplemental observations were made in Indiana, Michigan, Mis- souri, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas, the principal areas of investiga- tion were the following counties of Illinois: Bond, Champaign, Clinton, Coles, Cumberland, Douglas, Effingham, Fayette, Jackson, Piatt, Randolph, Shelby, Washington, and Williamson.
  • Backyard Birds in Texas

    Backyard Birds in Texas

    Backyard Birds in Texas by Mark klyM In Memory of Rob Fleming ROB FLEMING OCTOBER 27, 1941 MARCH 30, 2003 rob Fleming passed away on March 30, 2003 after a lengthy battle with cancer. rob earned his art degree from Southwest Texas State University and was a successful commercial artist in Houston before opening his own design studio in 1982. rob joined TPWD in 1990 as a staff illustrator and was the Fine art Manager in the Creative Services branch of the Communications Division. rob provided many illustrations for TPWD programs throughout his career and was the winner of numerous awards for his work. leaving the paints to the painters, rob wove his own brand of magic with Prismacolor pencils. Whether a still-life study or a Texas landscape, rob’s technique of color layering created distinctive and truly unique pencil paintings. His colorful pencil studies are in various corporate and private collections throughout the state, and his art graces many TPWD posters, brochures, books and reports. His gentle style and wonderful talent will truly be missed. Cover illustration of Downy Woodpecker by Rob Fleming. Introduction birdwatching, or birding as it is more often referred to, is one of the fastest growing hobbies today. reasons for this popularity are as diverse as birders—aesthetics of the birds, the chance to get out in nature or a simple love for birds. These are some of the common answers to the question “Why do you like birds?” Creating a habitat that is welcoming to the birds that visit your backyard can help you enjoy the hobby of birding without even leaving the comfort of your living room.
  • Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston, and the Atlanta Campaign'

    Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston, and the Atlanta Campaign'

    H-CivWar Bledsoe on Hess, 'Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston, and the Atlanta Campaign' Review published on Wednesday, May 21, 2014 Earl J. Hess. Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston, and the Atlanta Campaign. Civil War America Series. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. xvi + 322 pp. $35.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-4696-0211-0. Reviewed by Drew S. Bledsoe (Lee University) Published on H-CivWar (May, 2014) Commissioned by Hugh F. Dubrulle Sherman’s Failed Experiment The Atlanta campaign of 1864 was pivotal to the Union’s efforts to secure the Confederate heartland. It also contributed immensely to Abraham Lincoln’s reelection bid in November of 1864. The capture of Atlanta helped ensure that the United States would not abandon its efforts to prosecute the American Civil War to a victorious conclusion. Despite the campaign’s importance, however, it has not enjoyed the same level of historical attention as other Civil War campaigns, particularly those in the Virginia theater of operations. Nevertheless, several important studies of the Atlanta campaign dominate the historiography of the Civil War in the West, particularly William R. Scaife’s outstanding (and out-of-print) The Campaign for Atlanta (1993) and Albert E. Castel’s Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864 (1992). Still, detailed battle studies of individual engagements within the Atlanta campaign are strikingly scarce. Thankfully, this trend has changed in recent years, and Earl J. Hess’s Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston, and the Atlanta Campaign is not only an outstanding study of one of the most important battles of the Atlanta campaign, but also among the best battle studies in recent memory.
  • Georgia Cobb Marietta

    Georgia Cobb Marietta

    Form 10-306 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Oct. 1972) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Georgia NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Cobb INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) COMMON: _JVr ~~ " ~ • : - Kennesaw Mountain National:Battlefield Park AND/OR HISTORIC: STREET AND NUMBER: P. O. : BOK 1167 On western edge of Marietta, GA^just .of£ US CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Marietta 7th STATE: COUNTY: , CODE Georgia : 137: . Cobb 067 ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS TO THE PUBLIC District | | Building L7Q Public Public Acquisition: Occupied Yes: Site' Q Structure L~3 Private Q In Process Unoccupied Qtl Restricted Q Object C] Both Q Being Considered Preservation work | | Unrestricted- in progress PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Q Agricultural [_J Government | | Transportation Comments t - [~~1 Commercial | | Industrial Q Private Residence Other fSpec/fy; [ ] Educational [^Military Q Religious | 1 Entertainment [~~| Museum I | Scientific Ui IU National Park ^Service, Kenne'saw Mountain National. Battlefield Park REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (I! applicable) STREET AMD NUMBER: Southeast Region Cl TY OR TOWN: Atlanta COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC: Cobb County Courthouse STREET AND NUMBER: 177 Washington Avenue, N. ; E CITY_OR TOWN: Marietta TITLE OF SURVEY: None DATE OF SURVEY: DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: (Check One) f~l Excellent Stl Good Q Fair I | Deteriorated [ | Ruin* Q Unexpoted CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) (2Q Altered Q Unaltered Q Moved (X) Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (it known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Kennesaw Mountain is an erosional granitic hornblende remnant located in the upper Georgia Piedmont.
  • Catalogue of the Alumni of the University of Pennsylvania

    Catalogue of the Alumni of the University of Pennsylvania

    ^^^ _ M^ ^3 f37 CATALOGUE OF THE ALUMNI OF THE University of Pennsylvania, COMPRISING LISTS OF THE PROVOSTS, VICE-PROVOSTS, PROFESSORS, TUTORS, INSTRUCTORS, TRUSTEES, AND ALUMNI OF THE COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENTS, WITH A LIST OF THE RECIPIENTS OF HONORARY DEGREES. 1749-1877. J 3, J J 3 3 3 3 3 3 3', 3 3 J .333 3 ) -> ) 3 3 3 3 Prepared by a Committee of the Society of ths Alumni, PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 1877. \ .^^ ^ />( V k ^' Gift. Univ. Cinh il Fh''< :-,• oo Names printed in italics are those of clergymen. Names printed in small capitals are tliose of members of the bar. (Eng.) after a name signifies engineer. "When an honorary degree is followed by a date without the name of any college, it has been conferred by the University; when followed by neither date nor name of college, the source of the degree is unknown to the compilers. Professor, Tutor, Trustee, etc., not being followed by the name of any college, indicate position held in the University. N. B. TJiese explanations refer only to the lists of graduates. (iii) — ) COEEIGENDA. 1769 John Coxe, Judge U. S. District Court, should he President Judge, Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia. 1784—Charles Goldsborough should he Charles W. Goldsborough, Governor of Maryland ; M. C. 1805-1817. 1833—William T. Otto should he William T. Otto. (h. Philadelphia, 1816. LL D. (of Indiana Univ.) ; Prof, of Law, Ind. Univ, ; Judge. Circuit Court, Indiana ; Assistant Secre- tary of the Interior; Arbitrator on part of the U. S. under the Convention with Spain, of Feb.