Precise Radial Velocities of Giant Stars IX
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Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
Redox DAS Artist List for Period: 01.10.2017
Page: 1 Redox D.A.S. Artist List for period: 01.10.2017 - 31.10.2017 Date time: Number: Title: Artist: Publisher Lang: 01.10.2017 00:02:40 HD 60753 TWO GHOSTS HARRY STYLES ANG 01.10.2017 00:06:22 HD 05631 BANKS OF THE OHIO OLIVIA NEWTON JOHN ANG 01.10.2017 00:09:34 HD 60294 BITE MY TONGUE THE BEACH ANG 01.10.2017 00:13:16 HD 26897 BORN TO RUN SUZY QUATRO ANG 01.10.2017 00:18:12 HD 56309 CIAO CIAO KATARINA MALA SLO 01.10.2017 00:20:55 HD 34821 OCEAN DRIVE LIGHTHOUSE FAMILY ANG 01.10.2017 00:24:41 HD 08562 NISEM JAZ SLAVKO IVANCIC SLO 01.10.2017 00:28:29 HD 59945 LEPE BESEDE PROTEUS SLO 01.10.2017 00:31:20 HD 03206 BLAME IT ON THE WEATHERMAN B WITCHED ANG 01.10.2017 00:34:52 HD 16013 OD TU NAPREJ NAVDIH TABU SLO 01.10.2017 00:38:14 HD 06982 I´M EVERY WOMAN WHITNEY HOUSTON ANG 01.10.2017 00:43:05 HD 05890 CRAZY LITTLE THING CALLED LOVE QUEEN ANG 01.10.2017 00:45:37 HD 57523 WHEN I WAS A BOY JEFF LYNNE (ELO) ANG 01.10.2017 00:48:46 HD 60269 MESTO (FEAT. VESNA ZORNIK) BREST SLO 01.10.2017 00:52:21 HD 06008 DEEPLY DIPPY RIGHT SAID FRED ANG 01.10.2017 00:55:35 HD 06012 UNCHAINED MELODY RIGHTEOUS BROTHERS ANG 01.10.2017 00:59:10 HD 60959 OKNA ORLEK SLO 01.10.2017 01:03:56 HD 59941 SAY SOMETHING LOVING THE XX ANG 01.10.2017 01:07:51 HD 15174 REAL GOOD LOOKING BOY THE WHO ANG 01.10.2017 01:13:37 HD 59654 RECI MI DA MANOUCHE SLO 01.10.2017 01:16:47 HD 60502 SE PREPOZNAS SHEBY SLO 01.10.2017 01:20:35 HD 06413 MARGUERITA TIME STATUS QUO ANG 01.10.2017 01:23:52 HD 06388 MAMA SPICE GIRLS ANG 01.10.2017 01:27:25 HD 02680 HIGHER GROUND ERIC CLAPTON ANG 01.10.2017 01:31:20 HD 59929 NE POZABI, DA SI LEPA LUKA SESEK & PROPER SLO 01.10.2017 01:34:57 HD 02131 BONNIE & CLYDE JAY-Z FEAT. -
Mètodes De Detecció I Anàlisi D'exoplanetes
MÈTODES DE DETECCIÓ I ANÀLISI D’EXOPLANETES Rubén Soussé Villa 2n de Batxillerat Tutora: Dolors Romero IES XXV Olimpíada 13/1/2011 Mètodes de detecció i anàlisi d’exoplanetes . Índex - Introducció ............................................................................................. 5 [ Marc Teòric ] 1. L’Univers ............................................................................................... 6 1.1 Les estrelles .................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Vida de les estrelles .............................................................. 7 1.1.2 Classes espectrals .................................................................9 1.1.3 Magnitud ........................................................................... 9 1.2 Sistemes planetaris: El Sistema Solar .............................................. 10 1.2.1 Formació ......................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Planetes .......................................................................... 13 2. Planetes extrasolars ............................................................................ 19 2.1 Denominació .............................................................................. 19 2.2 Història dels exoplanetes .............................................................. 20 2.3 Mètodes per detectar-los i saber-ne les característiques ..................... 26 2.3.1 Oscil·lació Doppler ........................................................... 27 2.3.2 Trànsits -
• August the 26Th 2004 Detection of the Radial-Velocity Signal Induced by OGLE-TR-111 B Using UVES/FLAMES on the VLT (See Pont Et Al
2004 • August the 26th 2004 Detection of the radial-velocity signal induced by OGLE-TR-111 b using UVES/FLAMES on the VLT (see Pont et al. 2004, A&A in press, astro-ph/0408499). • August the 25th 2004 TrES-1b: A new transiting exoplanet detected by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TreS) team . (see Boulder Press release or Alonso et al.) • August the 25th 2004 HD 160691 c : A 14 Earth-mass planet detected with HARPS (see ESO Press Release or Santos et al.) • July the 8th 2004 HD 37605 b: The first extra-solar planet detected with HRS on the Hobby- Eberly Telescope (Cochran et al.) • May the 3rd 2004 HD 219452 Bb withdrawn by Desidera et al. • April the 28th 2004 Orbital solution for OGLE-TR-113 confirmed by Konacki et al • April the 15th 2004 OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: a planetary microlensing event (Bond et al.) • April the 14th 2004 FLAMES-UVES spectroscopic orbits for two OGLE III transiting candidates: OGLE-TR-113 and OGLE-TR-132 (Bouchy et al.) • February 2004 Detection of Carbon and Oxygen in the evaporating atmosphere of HD 209458 b by A. Vidal-Madjar et al. (from HST observations). • January the 5th 2004 Two planets orbiting giant stars announced by Mitchell et al. during the AAS meeting: HD 59686 b and 91 Aqr b (HD 219499 b). Two other more massive companions, Tau Gem b (HD 54719 b) and nu Oph b (HD 163917 b), have also been announced by the same authors. 2003 • December 2003 First planet detected with HARPS: HD 330075 b (see Mayor et al., in the ESO Messenger No 114) • July the 3rd 2003 A long-period planet on a circular orbit around HD 70642 announced by the AAT team (Carter et al. -
Stability of Planets in Triple Star Systems F
A&A 619, A91 (2018) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833097 & © ESO 2018 Astrophysics Stability of planets in triple star systems F. Busetti1, H. Beust2, and C. Harley1 1 University of the Witwatersrand, CSAM, Private Bag 3, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa e-mail: [email protected] 2 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France e-mail: [email protected] Received 25 March 2018 / Accepted 27 August 2018 ABSTRACT Context. Numerous theoretical studies of the stellar dynamics of triple systems have been carried out, but fewer purely empirical studies that have addressed planetary orbits within these systems. Most of these empirical studies have been for coplanar orbits and with a limited number of orbital parameters. Aims. Our objective is to provide a more generalized empirical mapping of the regions of planetary stability in triples by considering both prograde and retrograde motion of planets and the outer star; investigating highly inclined orbits of the outer star; extending the parameters used to all relevant orbital elements of the triple’s stars and expanding these elements and mass ratios to wider ranges that will accommodate recent and possibly future observational discoveries. Methods. Using N-body simulations, we integrated numerically the various four-body configurations over the parameter space, using a symplectic integrator designed specifically for the integration of hierarchical multiple stellar systems. The triples were then reduced to binaries and the integrations repeated to highlight the differences between these two types of system. Results. This established the regions of secular stability and resulted in 24 semi-empirical models describing the stability bounds for planets in each type of triple orbital configuration. -
Statistical Properties of Habitable Zones in Stellar Binary Systems
Draft version October 13, 2020 Typeset using LATEX preprint style in AASTeX63 Statistical properties of Habitable zones in stellar binary systems Paolo Simonetti,1, 2 Giovanni Vladilo,2 Laura Silva,2 and Alessandro Sozzetti3 1University of Trieste - Dep. of Physics, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy 2INAF - Trieste Astronomical Observatory, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy 3INAF - Torino Astrophysical Observatory, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy (Accepted October 13, 2020) Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT Observations of exoplanets and protoplanetary disks show that binary stellar systems can host planets in stable orbits. Given the high binary fraction among stars, the contribution of binary systems to Galactic habitability should be quantified. Therefore, we have designed a suite of Monte Carlo experiments aimed at generating large (up to 106) samples of binary systems. For each system randomly extracted we calculate the intersection between the radiative habitable zones and the regions of dynamical stability using published empirical formulations that account for the dynamical and radiative parameters of both stars of the system. We also consider constraints on planetary formation in binary systems. We find that the habitability properties of circumstellar and circumbinary regions are quite different and complementary with respect to the binary system parameters. Circumbinary HZs are, generally, rare (' 4%) in the global population of binary systems, even if they are common for stellar separations . 0:2 AU. Conversely, circumstellar HZs are frequent (≥ 80%) in the global population, but are rare for stellar separations . 1 AU. These results are robust against variations of poorly constrained binary systems parameters. -
Quantization of Planetary Systems and Its Dependency on Stellar Rotation Jean-Paul A
Quantization of Planetary Systems and its Dependency on Stellar Rotation Jean-Paul A. Zoghbi∗ ABSTRACT With the discovery of now more than 500 exoplanets, we present a statistical analysis of the planetary orbital periods and their relationship to the rotation periods of their parent stars. We test whether the structure of planetary orbits, i.e. planetary angular momentum and orbital periods are ‘quantized’ in integer or half-integer multiples with respect to the parent stars’ rotation period. The Solar System is first shown to exhibit quantized planetary orbits that correlate with the Sun’s rotation period. The analysis is then expanded over 443 exoplanets to statistically validate this quantization and its association with stellar rotation. The results imply that the exoplanetary orbital periods are highly correlated with the parent star’s rotation periods and follow a discrete half-integer relationship with orbital ranks n=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, etc. The probability of obtaining these results by pure chance is p<0.024. We discuss various mechanisms that could justify this planetary quantization, such as the hybrid gravitational instability models of planet formation, along with possible physical mechanisms such as inner discs magnetospheric truncation, tidal dissipation, and resonance trapping. In conclusion, we statistically demonstrate that a quantized orbital structure should emerge naturally from the formation processes of planetary systems and that this orbital quantization is highly dependent on the parent stars rotation periods. Key words: planetary systems: formation – star: rotation – solar system: formation 1. INTRODUCTION The discovery of now more than 500 exoplanets has provided the opportunity to study the various properties of planetary systems and has considerably advanced our understanding of planetary formation processes. -
CHARA Array Measurements of the Angular Diameters of Exoplanet
CHARA Array Measurements of the Angular Diameters of Exoplanet Host Stars Ellyn K. Baines, Harold A. McAlister, Theo A. ten Brummelaar, Nils H. Turner, Judit Sturmann, Laszlo Sturmann, & P. J. Goldfinger Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3969, Atlanta, GA 30302-3969 baines, [email protected]; theo, nils, judit, sturmann, [email protected] Stephen T. Ridgway Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732 [email protected] ABSTRACT We have measured the angular diameters for a sample of 24 exoplanet host stars using Georgia State University’s CHARA Array interferometer. We use these improved angular diameters together with Hipparcos parallax measure- ments to derive linear radii and to estimate the stars’ evolutionary states. Subject headings: infrared: stars — planetary systems — stars: fundamental parameters — techniques: interferometric arXiv:0803.1411v1 [astro-ph] 10 Mar 2008 1. Introduction Nearly 300 exoplanet systems are now known, discovered via radial velocity surveys and photometric transit events. Most known exoplanet host stars are Sun-like in nature, and their planets have minimum masses comparable to Saturn with orbital semimajor axes ranging from 0.04 to 6.0 AU (Marcy et al. 2005), painting pictures of planetary systems very different from our own. For preprints, please email [email protected]. –2– Many exoplanet host stars’ angular diameters have been estimated using photometric or spectroscopic methods. For example, Ribas et al. (2003) matched 2MASS infrared photom- etry to synthetic photometry in order to estimate stellar temperatures, which then produced angular diameter estimations. -
Ricky Leon Murphy Project
Ricky Leon Murphy The Appendices: Project – HET606 Appendix 1 – Known Exoplanets Semester 2 – 2004 Appendix 2 – Location of Tau Bootis Appendix 3 – Location of HD 209458 Appendix 4 – Image Reduction Search for Other Worlds Introduction As of September 2004, there are 136 known planets outside our solar system (http://exoplanets.org). These extra-solar planets, or exoplanets, are one of the most current and highly studied subjects in Astronomy today and it is one of the very few subjects that involve both amateur and professional astronomers. The huge telescopes perched atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii are pointed at these objects, as are 8” telescopes purchased from the local shopping mall – and many others around the world. Why are we finding these planets now if only 8” telescopes can detect them? Simple; we know what we are looking for and we have better tools to get the job done. While telescope size does not seem to matter with the search and study of exoplanets, it’s what you do not hear about that really matters: improved sensitivity in CCD cameras, improved resolution in spectroscopy, and fast computers to perform the mathematics. The goal of gathering repeatable data is very important when studying exoplanets. The rewards of such study carry implications across the board in Astronomy: we can learn about our own solar system and test the theories of solar system formation and evolution, improve the sensitivity to detect small Earth-like planets, and possibly provide targets for the spaced based telescopes and SETI projects; however, the most important implication is that perhaps for the first time in history, amateurs and professionals from around the world are engaged in this subject and working together to share the data. -
Beryllium Abundances in Stars with Planets Extending the Sample
A&A 530, A66 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200913827 & c ESO 2011 Astrophysics Beryllium abundances in stars with planets Extending the sample M. C. Gálvez-Ortiz1, E. Delgado-Mena2, J. I. González Hernández2,3, G. Israelian2,N.C.Santos4, R. Rebolo2,5, and A. Ecuvillon2 1 Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, HatfieldAL109AB,UK e-mail: [email protected] 2 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 3 Dpto. de Astrofísica y Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4 Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal 5 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain Received 8 December 2009 / Accepted 31 March 2011 ABSTRACT Context. Chemical abundances of light elements such as beryllium in planet-host stars allow us to study the planet formation scenarios and/or investigate possible surface pollution processes. Aims. We present here an extension of previous beryllium abundance studies. The complete sample consists of 70 stars that host planets and 30 stars without known planetary companions. The aim of this paper is to further assess the trends found in previous studies with fewer objects. This will provide more information on the processes of depletion and mixing of light elements in the interior of late-type stars, and will provide possible explanations for the abundance differences between stars that host planets and “single” stars. Methods. Using high-resolution UVES spectra, we measure beryllium abundances of 26 stars that host planets and one “single” star mainly using the λ 3131.065 Å Be ii line, by fitting synthetic spectra to the observational data. -
Solar System Analogues Among Exoplanetary Systems
Solar System analogues among exoplanetary systems Maria Lomaeva Lund Observatory Lund University ´´ 2016-EXA105 Degree project of 15 higher education credits June 2016 Supervisor: Piero Ranalli Lund Observatory Box 43 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Människans intresse för rymden har alltid varit stort. Man har antagit att andra plan- etsystem, om de existerar, ser ut som vårt: med mindre stenplaneter i banor närmast stjärnan och gas- samt isjättar i de yttre banorna. Idag känner man till drygt 2 000 exoplaneter, d.v.s., planeter som kretsar kring andra stjärnor än solen. Man vet även att vissa av dem saknar motsvarighet i solsystemet, t. ex., heta jupitrar (gasjättar som har migrerat inåt och kretsar väldigt nära stjärnan) och superjordar (stenplaneter större än jorden). Därför blir frågan om hur unikt solsystemet är ännu mer intressant, vilket vi försöker ta reda på i det här projektet. Det finns olika sätt att detektera exoplaneter på men två av dem har gett flest resultat: transitmetoden och dopplerspektroskopin. Med transitmetoden mäter man minsknin- gen av en stjärnas ljus när en planet passerar framför den. Den metoden passar bäst för stora planeter med små omloppsbanor. Dopplerspektroskopin använder sig av Doppler effekten som innebär att ljuset utsänt från en stjärna verkar blåare respektive rödare när en stjärna förflyttar sig fram och tillbaka från observatören. Denna rörelse avslöjar att det finns en planet som kretsar kring stjärnan och påverkar den med sin gravita- tion. Dopplerspektroskopin är lämpligast för massiva planeter med små omloppsbanor. Under projektets gång har vi inte bara letat efter solsystemets motsvarigheter utan även studerat planetsystem som är annorlunda. -
Survival of Exomoons Around Exoplanets 2
Survival of exomoons around exoplanets V. Dobos1,2,3, S. Charnoz4,A.Pal´ 2, A. Roque-Bernard4 and Gy. M. Szabo´ 3,5 1 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AD, Landleven 12, Groningen, The Netherlands 2 Konkoly Thege Mikl´os Astronomical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, E¨otv¨os Lor´and Research Network (ELKH), 1121, Konkoly Thege Mikl´os ´ut 15-17, Budapest, Hungary 3 MTA-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, 9700, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Szombathely, Hungary 4 Universit´ede Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France 5 ELTE E¨otv¨os Lor´and University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary E-mail: [email protected] January 2020 Abstract. Despite numerous attempts, no exomoon has firmly been confirmed to date. New missions like CHEOPS aim to characterize previously detected exoplanets, and potentially to discover exomoons. In order to optimize search strategies, we need to determine those planets which are the most likely to host moons. We investigate the tidal evolution of hypothetical moon orbits in systems consisting of a star, one planet and one test moon. We study a few specific cases with ten billion years integration time where the evolution of moon orbits follows one of these three scenarios: (1) “locking”, in which the moon has a stable orbit on a long time scale (& 109 years); (2) “escape scenario” where the moon leaves the planet’s gravitational domain; and (3) “disruption scenario”, in which the moon migrates inwards until it reaches the Roche lobe and becomes disrupted by strong tidal forces.