THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR
The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census KAYIN STATE, HPA-AN DISTRICT Paingkyon Sub-Township Report
Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017
The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census
Kayin State, Hpa-an District
Paingkyon Sub-Township Report
Department of Population
Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population
Office No.48
Nay Pyi Taw
Tel: +95 67 431062
www.dop.gov.mm
October 2017
Figure 1 : Map of Kayin State, showing the townships
Paingkyon Sub-Township Figures at a Glance 1
Total Population 88,604 2 Population males 42,977 (48.5%) Population females 45,627 (51.5%) Percentage of urban population 4.6% Area (Km2) 1,694.7 3 Population density (per Km2) 52.3 persons Median age 22.6 years
Number of wards 5 Number of village tracts 27 Number of private households 17,778 Percentage of female headed households 28.6% Mean household size 4.9 persons 4
Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 38.5% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 55.6% Elderly population (65+ years) 5.9%
Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 79.7 Child dependency ratio 69.1 Old dependency ratio 10.6
Ageing index 15.3
Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 94
Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 45.7% Male 51.0% Female 41.2%
People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 6,954 7.8 Walking 2,995 3.4 Seeing 4,655 5.3 Hearing 2,260 2.6 Remembering 3,145 3.5 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 30,386 46.1 Associate Scrutiny * < 0.1 Naturalised Scrutiny 49 0.1 National Registration 598 0.9 Religious 268 0.4 Temporary Registration 129 0.2 Foreign Registration * < 0.1 Foreign Passport * < 0.1 None 34,442 52.3
Labour Force (aged 15 – 64) Both sexes Male Female Labour force participation rate 53.8% 78.4% 31.7% Unemployment rate 13.9% 12.9% 16.2% Employment to population ratio 46.3% 68.3% 26.5%
Ownership of housing unit (Tenure) Number Per cent Owner 17,310 97.4 Renter 83 0.5 Provided free (individually) 224 1.3 Government quarters 134 0.8 Private company quarters * 0.1 Other * 0.1
Material for housing Wall Floor Roof Dhani/Theke/In leaf 9.7% 44.8% Bamboo 19.1% 14.5% 0.1% Earth 0.1% 0.2% Wood 65.5% 80.7% < 0.1% Corrugated sheet 0.1% 54.0% Tile/Brick/Concrete 4.7% 3.8% 1.0% Other 0.7% 0.8% 0.1%
Main source of energy for cooking Number Per cent Electricity * 0.1 LPG * < 0.1 Kerosene 88 0.5 Biogas 24 0.1 Firewood 15,577 87.6 Charcoal 1,995 11.2 Coal 72 0.4 Other * 0.1 Main source of energy for lighting Number Per cent
Electricity 295 1.7
Kerosene 2,583 14.5
Candle 12,199 68.6
Battery 128 0.7
Generator (private) 1,089 6.1
Water mill (private) 44 0.2
Solar system/energy 1,356 7.6
Other 84 0.5
Main source of drinking water Number Per cent
Tap water/piped 315 1.8
Tube well, borehole 495 2.8
Protected well/spring 8,524 47.9
Bottled/purifier water * < 0.1
Total Improved Water Sources 9,342 52.5
Unprotected well/spring 3,543 19.9
Pool/pond/lake 23 0.1
River/stream/canal 3,496 19.7
Waterfall/rainwater 1,092 6.2
Other 282 1.6
Total Unimproved Water Sources 8,436 47.5
Main source of water for non-drinking use Number Per cent
Tap water/piped 313 1.8
Tube well, borehole 565 3.2
Protected well/spring 7,976 44.9
Unprotected well/spring 3,535 19.9
Pool/pond/lake * 0.1
River/stream/canal 3,997 22.5
Waterfall/rainwater 1,091 6.1
Bottled/purifier water * < 0.1
Other 281 1.6 Type of toilet Number Per cent Flush 275 1.5 Water seal (Improved pit latrine) 7,118 40.1 Total Improved Sanitation 7,393 41.6 Pit (Traditional pit latrine) 593 3.3 Bucket (Surface latrine) 111 0.6 Other 34 0.2 None 9,647 54.3
Availability of communication amenities Number Per cent Radio 3,052 17.2 Television 5,371 30.2 Landline phone 371 2.1 Mobile phone 748 4.2 Computer 101 0.6 Internet at home 46 0.3 Households with none of the items 11,017 62.0 Households with all of the items * < 0.1
Availability of Transportation equipment Number Per cent Car/Truck/Van 395 2.2 Motorcycle/Moped 5,963 33.5 Bicycle 4,767 26.8 4-Wheel tractor 1,657 9.3 Canoe/Boat 695 3.9 Motor boat 672 3.8 Cart (bullock) 3,533 19.9
Note: 1 Population figures for Paingkyon Sub-Township are as of 29th March 2014.
2 Includes both household population and institution population.
3 Settlement and Land Record Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, (2014-2015)
4 Calculated based on conventional household population
* Less than 20. Contents
Introduction ...... 3
Census information on Paingkyon Sub-Township ...... 5
(A) Demographic Characteristics ...... 7
(B) Religion ...... 12
(C) Education ...... 13
(D) Economic Characteristics ...... 17
(E) Identity Cards ...... 23
(F) Disability ...... 24
(G) Housing Conditions and Household Amenities ...... 27
Type of housing unit ...... 27
Type of toilet ...... 28
Source of drinking water ...... 30
Source of lighting ...... 32
Type of cooking fuel ...... 34
Communication and related amenities ...... 36
Transportation items ...... 38
(H) Fertility and Mortality ...... 39
Fertility ...... 39
Childhood Mortality and Maternal Mortality ...... 41
Definitions and Concepts ...... 43
List of Contributors ...... 47
1
Introduction
In April 2014, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar conducted its latest census, after three decades without a Population and Housing Census. In the post-independence period, comprehensive population and housing censuses were only successfully undertaken in 1973, 1983 and most recently in April 2014.
Censuses are an important source of benchmark information on the characteristics of the population and households in every country. One unique feature of a census is its ability to provide information down to the lowest administrative level. Such information is vital for planning and evidence based decision-making at every level. Additional data uses include allocation of national resources; the review of administrative boundaries; the positioning of social infrastructures, drawing national development plans, service provision and developing social infrastructure, and for humanitarian preparedness and response.
The results of the 2014 Census have been published so far in a number of volumes. The first was the Provisional Results released in August 2014. The Census Main Results were launched in May 2015. These included The Union Report, Highlights of the Main Results, and reports of each of the 15 States and Regions. The reports on Occupation and Industry and Religion were launched in March 2016 and July 2016, respectively. All the publications are available online at http://www.dop.gov.mm/ and http:// myanmar.unfpa.org/node/15104.
The current set of the 2014 Census publications comprise township and sub-township reports. Their preparation involved collaborative efforts of the Department of Population and UNFPA. This report contains selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Paingkyon Sub-Township in Kayin State. The information included in this report is the situation of 2014 March 29, Census night. Township level information is very important. However, the level of confidence of township estimates is not the same as Union level information. Some of the townships have relatively small populations; the interpretation of these estimates should be made with caution. Some of the indicators, such as IMR/U5MR, were adopted only after careful analysis considering a number of factors to ensure consistency in the results. Estimates for townships with relatively small number of observations should not be taken as exact estimates of the mortality level, but rather they should be regarded as reasonable indicators for the scale of mortality risk they experience, an indication of which townships are better off and which are in a more vulnerable situation.
3
Census information on Paingkyon Sub-Township
5
(A) Demographic Characteristics
Total population 88,604 *
Males 42,977
Females 45,627
Sex ratio 94 males per 100 females
Percentage of urban population 4.6%
Area (Km2) 1,694.7 **
Population density (persons per Km2) 52.3 persons
Number of wards 5
Number of village tracts 27
Total Urban Rural
Population in conventional households 86,980 3,947 83,033
Number of conventional households 17,778 807 16,971
Mean household size 4.9 persons ***
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, there are more females than males with 94 males per 100 females.
• The majority of the people in the Sub-Township live in rural areas with only (4.6%) living in urban areas.
• The population density of Paingkyon Sub-Township is 52 persons per square kilometre.
• There are 4.9 persons living in each household in Paingkyon Sub-Township. This is higher than the Union average.
Note: * Includes both household population and institution population.
** Settlement and Land Record Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, (2014-2015)
*** Calculated based on conventional household population
7 Table 1: Population and number of conventional households by sex by ward and village tract; Paingkyon Sub-Township (Hpa-an District, Kayin State) No. of Population Sr Ward/Village Tract Conventional households Total Males Females Total 17,778 88,604 42,977 45,627 Ward 807 4,074 1,935 2,139 1 No (1)(W) 36 194 95 99 2 No (2)(W) 114 648 315 333 3 No (3)(W) 110 570 298 272 4 No (4)(W) 202 897 401 496 5 No (5)(W) 345 1,765 826 939 Village Tract 16,971 84,530 41,042 43,488 1 Ka So(VT) 902 4,310 2,066 2,244 2 Naung Kha Lone(VT) 273 1,332 662 670 3 Moe Naing(VT) 758 4,014 1,975 2,039 4 Win Pa Ya(VT) 481 2,208 1,045 1,163 5 Naung Boe Gyi(VT) 720 3,150 1,505 1,645 6 Ywar Kaing Kaung(VT) 477 2,378 1,135 1,243 7 Kawt Nwet(VT) 574 2,673 1,276 1,397 8 Naung Mya Lwe(VT) 385 1,942 935 1,007 9 Kawt Pa Mut(VT) 396 2,162 1,051 1,111 10 Kawt Ma Yaing(VT) 680 3,112 1,436 1,676 11 Daw Lan(VT) 1,046 4,634 2,259 2,375 12 Pa Ta(VT) 991 4,951 2,426 2,525 13 Naung Khwee(VT) 641 3,094 1,466 1,628 14 Bi Sa Kat(VT) 391 1,682 766 916 15 Tar Ka Yar(VT) 486 2,731 1,306 1,425 16 Hti Hpoe Kein(VT) 1,156 5,178 2,484 2,694 17 Yae Pu Gyi(VT) 195 910 415 495 18 Kyet Tu Yway(VT) 565 2,604 1,241 1,363 19 Paw Lauk(VT) 527 2,321 1,076 1,245 20 Htan Ta Pin(VT) 575 2,814 1,353 1,461 21 Me Pa Ra(VT) 664 3,539 1,719 1,820
8 Table 1: (Continued)
No. of Population Sr Ward/Village Tract Conventional households Total Males Females 22 Tar Lel(VT) 1,100 5,951 3,123 2,828 23 Win Saw(VT) 770 4,585 2,355 2,230 24 Law Kaw(VT) 616 3,120 1,513 1,607 25 Mi Kyaung(VT) 340 2,061 1,021 1,040 26 Tha Mo(VT) 795 4,898 2,387 2,511 27 Paung(VT) 467 2,176 1,046 1,130
9 Figure 2: Population by broad age groups, Table 2: Population by 5-year age groups, Paingkyon Sub-Township Paingkyon Sub-Township
Age groups Total Males Females Total 88,604 42,977 45,627 0 - 4 11,221 5,749 5,472 5 - 9 11,475 5,937 5,538 10 - 14 11,392 5,695 5,697 15 - 19 7,111 3,539 3,572 20 - 24 5,528 2,774 2,754 25 - 29 5,197 2,398 2,799 30 - 34 5,219 2,473 2,746 35 - 39 5,167 2,422 2,745 40 - 44 5,421 2,465 2,956 45 - 49 4,764 2,168 2,596 50 - 54 4,485 2,070 2,415 55 - 59 3,422 1,620 1,802 60 - 64 2,990 1,364 1,626 65 - 69 1,884 883 1,001 70 - 74 1,471 648 823 75 - 79 864 365 499 80 - 84 596 251 345 85 - 89 217 99 118 90 + 180 57 123
• The proportion of productive working population between 15 to 64 years of age in Paingkyon Sub-Township is 55.6 per cent.
• The proportion of children aged 14 and below together with the proportion of the elderly aged 65 and over are less than the proportion of the working age group population.
• Fewer proportions of children and elderly reduce the dependency of those age groups on the working age population.
10 Figure 3: Population pyramid (Union, Kayin State, Hpa-an District and Paingkyon Sub-Township)
• The birth rate has been increasing in Paingkyon Sub-Township since last 10 years.
• The population has markedly declined from age group 15-19 onwards.
• Compared to Union level, there is noticeably less percentage of working age group 15-64 population in Paingkyon Sub-Township.
• Except age groups 0-4, 5-9 and 20-24, there are less males than females in all age groups.
11 (B) Religion
• At the Union level, the composition of the population by religion is: 87.9% Buddhist, 6.2% Christian, 4.3% Islam, 0.5% Hindu, 0.8% Animist, 0.2% Other religion and 0.1% No religion.
• In Kayin State, it is 84.5% Buddhist, 9.5% Christian, 4.6% Islam, 0.6% Hindu, 0.1% Animist, 0.7% Other religion, and less than 0.1% No religion respectively.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
12 (C) Education
Table 3: Population aged 5 - 29 and current school attendance by sex by age
Total population Currently attending Age Total Males Females Total Males Females
5 2,373 1,223 1,150 468 218 250
6 2,380 1,280 1,100 1,159 611 548
7 2,287 1,172 1,115 1,378 676 702
8 2,269 1,162 1,107 1,468 709 759
9 2,109 1,057 1,052 1,461 705 756
10 2,630 1,286 1,344 1,758 823 935
11 2,125 1,048 1,077 1,421 645 776
12 2,227 1,046 1,181 1,374 595 779
13 2,265 1,120 1,145 1,161 494 667
14 1,818 885 933 776 322 454
15 1,809 858 951 602 245 357
16 1,414 708 706 328 142 186
17 1,268 617 651 237 86 151
18 1,436 702 734 194 77 117
19 989 481 508 111 52 59
20 1,423 725 698 70 34 36
21 933 483 450 52 25 27
22 1,031 486 545 38 12 26
23 1,098 525 573 22 9 13
24 877 412 465 15 9 6
25 1,225 597 628 12 6 6
26 917 412 505 9 3 6
27 951 440 511 7 4 3
28 1,171 477 694 2 - 2
29 790 346 444 4 1 3
13 • School attendance in Paingkyon Sub-Township drops after age 13 for both males and females.
• Compared to the Union, the school attendance of males in Paingkyon Sub-Township is lower since the age of school attendance.
14 Figure 7: Literacy rate, Kayin State (aged 15 and over)
Union : 89.5%
Kayin State : 74.4%
Hpa-an District : 73.3%
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 45.7%
15 Table 4: Youth literacy rate (15 - 24), Paingkyon Sub-Township
Total Literacy Rate Sex Population (15 - 24) (15 - 24)
Total 12,278 66.9
Males 5,997 63.6
Females 6,281 69.9
• The literacy rate of those aged 15 and over in Paingkyon Sub-Township is 45.7 per cent. It is lower than the literacy rate of Kayin State (74.4%) and the Union (89.5%). Female literacy rate is 41.2 per cent and for the males it is 51.0 per cent.
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, the literacy rate for youth aged 15-24 is 66.9 per cent with 69.9 per cent for females and 63.6 per cent for males.
Table 5: Population aged 25 and over by highest level of education completed, urban/rural and sex
Primary school Middle school High school Post- % Never University/ Vocational Total None (grade (grade Diploma graduate Other attended College training (grade 1 - 4) (grade 5) 6 - 9) 10 - 11) and above
Total 41,877 28,071 67.0 6,298 2,868 3,173 876 19 361 9 2 200
Urban 2,041 1,081 53.0 307 166 245 134 3 90 4 - 11
Rural 39,836 26,990 67.8 5,991 2,702 2,928 742 16 271 5 2 189
Males 19,283 12,206 63.3 3,026 1,313 1,904 481 15 154 3 - 181
Females 22,594 15,865 70.2 3,272 1,555 1,269 395 4 207 6 2 19
• About 67.0 per cent of the population aged 25 and over have never been to school.
• Of the rural population aged 25 and over, 67.8 per cent have never been to school.
• There are 63.3 per cent of males aged 25 and over who have never attended school as against 70.2 per cent for females.
• Among those aged 25 and over, 6.8 per cent has completed primary school (grade 5) and only 0.9 per cent has completed university/college education.
16 (D) Economic Characteristics
Table 6: Population aged 10 and over by labour force participation rate and unemployment rate by sex and age group
Labour Force Participation Rate Unemployment Rate Age groups Total Males Females Total Males Females
10-14 17.9 21.5 14.4 42 41 43.6
15 - 19 49.1 59.5 38.9 38.2 37.2 39.7
20 - 24 59.9 76.9 42.8 29.3 29 29.9
25 - 29 56.8 79.7 37.2 17.4 17.3 17.7
30 - 34 57.0 84.0 32.7 10.3 9.7 11.6
35 - 39 57.1 86.1 31.5 7.5 7.5 7.4
40 - 44 55.7 87.0 29.7 5.8 5.9 5.5
45 - 49 54.7 86.5 28.1 2.6 2.6 2.6
50 - 54 53.4 85.6 25.8 2.0 2.3 1.4
55 - 59 49.0 80.4 20.8 2.3 2.6 1.3
60 - 64 37.5 62.6 16.4 1.7 2.1 0.4
65 - 69 27.5 44.2 12.9 1.7 1.5 2.3
70 - 74 16.2 28.7 6.4 2.5 3.2 -
75+ 6.4 11.9 2.5 1.7 1.1 3.7
15 - 24 53.9 67.2 40.6 33.9 33.1 35.2
15 - 64 53.8 78.4 31.7 13.9 12.9 16.2
17 • Labour force participation rate for the population aged 15-64 in Paingkyon Sub-Township is 53.8 per cent.
• The labour force participation rate of females is 31.7 per cent and is significantly lower than that of their male counterparts which is 78.4 per cent.
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, labour force participation rate for the population aged 10-14 is 17.9 per cent.
• The unemployment rate for those aged 15-64 in Paingkyon Sub-Township is 13.9 per cent. There is a difference between the unemployment rate for males (12.9%) and for females (16.2%).
• The unemployment rate for young females aged 15-24 is 35.2 per cent.
Table 7: Population aged 10 and over not in the labour force by usual activity status and sex
Usual activity status Sex Did not seek Full time Household Pensioner, Total Ill, disabled Other work student worker retired, elderly
Total 36,488 4.0 23.6 44.1 12.0 1.9 14.3
Males 11,141 8.5 34.2 6.5 16.1 3.0 31.7
Females 25,347 2.1 18.9 60.6 10.2 1.4 6.7
• Among those aged 10 and over who are not in the labour force, 34.2 per cent of males are full time students while 60.6 per cent of females are household workers.
18 Table 8: Employed persons aged 15 - 64 by occupation by sex
Employed persons Per cent Occupation Total Males Females Total Males Females
Total 22,260 15,438 6,822 100.0 100.0 100.0
Managers 54 34 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Professionals 221 31 190 1.0 0.2 2.8
Technicians and Associate Professionals 204 157 47 0.9 1.0 0.7
Clerical Support Workers 96 56 40 0.4 0.4 0.6
Services and Sales Workers 932 389 543 4.2 2.5 8.0
Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers 17,920 12,758 5,162 80.5 82.6 75.7
Craft and Related Trades Workers 503 407 96 2.3 2.6 1.4
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 222 218 4 1.0 1.4 0.1
Elementary Occupations 972 706 266 4.4 4.6 3.9
Others ------
Not stated 1,136 682 454 5.1 4.4 6.7
19 • In Paingkyon Sub-Township, 80.5 per cent of the employed persons aged 15-64 are skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers.
• Analysis by sex shows that 82.6 per cent of males and 75.7 per cent of females are skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers.
• In Kayin State, 50.7 per cent are skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers.
20 Table 9: Employed persons aged 15 - 64 by industry by sex
Employed persons Per cent Industry Total Males Females Total Males Females
Total 22,260 15,438 6,822 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 18,372 13,102 5,270 82.5 84.9 77.3
Mining and quarrying 11 8 3 * 0.1 *
Manufacturing 236 147 89 1.1 1.0 1.3
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply ------
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 5 4 1 * * *
Construction 351 327 24 1.6 2.1 0.4
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 744 298 446 3.3 1.9 6.5
Transportation and storage 203 203 - 0.9 1.3 -
Accommodation and food service activities 204 102 102 0.9 0.7 1.5
Information and communication 28 16 12 0.1 0.1 0.2
Financial and insurance activities 1 - 1 * - *
Real estate activities ------
Professional, scientific and technical activities 2 2 - * * -
Administrative and support service activities 15 12 3 0.1 0.1 *
Public administration including civil servants 298 248 50 1.3 1.6 0.7
Education 241 33 208 1.1 0.2 3.0
Human health and social work activities 79 27 52 0.4 0.2 0.8
Arts, entertainment and recreation 4 - 4 * - 0.1
Other service activities 80 58 22 0.4 0.4 0.3
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and 126 84 42 0.6 0.5 0.6 services- producing activities of households for own use
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ------
Not stated 1,260 767 493 5.7 5.0 7.2
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent
21 • In Paingkyon Sub-Township, the proportion of employed persons working in the industry of “Agriculture, forestry and fishing” is the highest with 82.5 per cent.
• There are 84.9 per cent of males and 77.3 per cent of females working in “Agriculture, forestry and fishing” industry.
• In Kayin State, there are 55.8 per cent of employed population working in “Agriculture, forestry and fishing” industry.
22 (E) Identity Cards
Table 10: Population aged 10 and over by type of identity card, urban/rural and sex
Naturalised National T e mporary Foreign Citizenship Associate Religious Foreign Scrutiny Registration Registration Registration None Scrutiny Card Scrutiny Card Card Passport Card Card Card Card
Total 30,386 * 49 598 268 129 * * 34,442
Urban 2,221 * 1 43 25 2 - - 805
Rural 28,165 * 48 555 243 127 * * 33,637
Males 14,875 * 38 302 254 58 * * 15,739
Females 15,511 * 11 296 14 71 - * 18,703
Note: * Less than 20 cards.
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, 46.1 per cent of the population aged 10 and over have Citizenship Scrutiny Card while 52.3 per cent have none.
• Analysis by sex shows that 50.3 per cent of males and 54.0 per cent of females do not have any type of card.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
23 (F) Disability
Table 11: Population by disability prevalence rate and type of disability by sex by age group
Total Population Type of disability
Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)
Total 88,604 81,650 6,954 7.8 4,655 2,260 2,995 3,145
0 - 4 11,221 10,912 309 2.8 96 94 259 196
5 - 9 11,475 11,328 147 1.3 36 34 68 64
10 - 14 11,392 11,249 143 1.3 30 44 44 67
15 - 19 7,111 6,985 126 1.8 29 28 54 60
20 - 24 5,528 5,426 102 1.8 27 23 37 55
25 - 29 5,197 5,094 103 2.0 28 17 39 46
30 - 34 5,219 5,094 125 2.4 36 26 40 56
35 - 39 5,167 4,984 183 3.5 77 41 52 66
40 - 44 5,421 5,064 357 6.6 225 59 102 79
45 - 49 4,764 4,253 511 10.7 355 99 109 130
50 - 54 4,485 3,758 727 16.2 514 127 157 212
55 - 59 3,422 2,698 724 21.2 544 163 183 241
60 - 64 2,990 2,147 843 28.2 625 244 294 349
65 - 69 1,884 1,180 704 37.4 547 241 297 319
70 - 74 1,471 757 714 48.5 559 341 418 413
75 - 79 864 394 470 54.4 382 251 317 312
80 - 84 596 216 380 63.8 303 216 282 252
85 - 89 217 62 155 71.4 122 110 130 121
90 + 180 49 131 72.8 120 102 113 107
24 Table 11: (Continued)
Total Population Type of disability
Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)
Males 42,977 39,780 3,197 7.4 1,985 999 1,379 1,394
0 - 4 5,749 5,596 153 2.7 55 51 130 94
5 - 9 5,937 5,858 79 1.3 20 12 41 31
10 - 14 5,695 5,605 90 1.6 18 28 25 45
15 - 19 3,539 3,468 71 2.0 16 20 28 28
20 - 24 2,774 2,712 62 2.2 18 15 23 32
25 - 29 2,398 2,341 57 2.4 13 9 18 29
30 - 34 2,473 2,399 74 3.0 16 14 27 32
35 - 39 2,422 2,319 103 4.3 38 24 34 43
40 - 44 2,465 2,295 170 6.9 96 24 59 32
45 - 49 2,168 1,929 239 11.0 154 47 72 56
50 - 54 2,070 1,742 328 15.8 218 53 72 94
55 - 59 1,620 1,303 317 19.6 234 70 84 96
60 - 64 1,364 996 368 27.0 258 102 124 149
65 - 69 883 559 324 36.7 247 112 136 132
70 - 74 648 350 298 46.0 220 140 178 183
75 - 79 365 171 194 53.2 155 106 127 125
80 - 84 251 92 159 63.3 122 92 106 106
85 - 89 99 31 68 68.7 49 45 59 51
90 + 57 14 43 75.4 38 35 36 36
25 Table 11: (Continued)
Total Population Type of disability
Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)
Females 45,627 41,870 3,757 8.2 2,670 1,261 1,616 1,751
0 - 4 5,472 5,316 156 2.9 41 43 129 102
5 - 9 5,538 5,470 68 1.2 16 22 27 33
10 - 14 5,697 5,644 53 0.9 12 16 19 22
15 - 19 3,572 3,517 55 1.5 13 8 26 32
20 - 24 2,754 2,714 40 1.5 9 8 14 23
25 - 29 2,799 2,753 46 1.6 15 8 21 17
30 - 34 2,746 2,695 51 1.9 20 12 13 24
35 - 39 2,745 2,665 80 2.9 39 17 18 23
40 - 44 2,956 2,769 187 6.3 129 35 43 47
45 - 49 2,596 2,324 272 10.5 201 52 37 74
50 - 54 2,415 2,016 399 16.5 296 74 85 118
55 - 59 1,802 1,395 407 22.6 310 93 99 145
60 - 64 1,626 1,151 475 29.2 367 142 170 200
65 - 69 1,001 621 380 38.0 300 129 161 187
70 - 74 823 407 416 50.5 339 201 240 230
75 - 79 499 223 276 55.3 227 145 190 187
80 - 84 345 124 221 64.1 181 124 176 146
85 - 89 118 31 87 73.7 73 65 71 70
90 + 123 35 88 71.5 82 67 77 71
• Eight in every 100 persons in Paingkyon Sub-Township have, at least, one form of disability.
• Slightly more females than males have disability.
• The prevalence of disability increases with age and it increases considerably after the age of 50.
• Difficulties with seeing and remembering were the most commonly mentioned forms of disability in the Sub-Township.
26 (G) Housing Conditions and Household Amenities
Type of housing unit
Table 12: Conventional households by type of housing unit by urban/rural
Apartment/ Bungalow/ Semi-pacca Wooden Bamboo Hut 2 - 3 Residence Total Hut 1 year Other Condominium Brick house house house house ye ars
Total 17,778 0.7 2.1 5.7 72.3 16.6 1.8 0.6 0.1
Urban 807 0.4 2.9 17.6 73.5 5.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
Rural 16,971 0.7 2.1 5.1 72.3 17.1 1.8 0.7 0.1
• The majority of the households in Paingkyon Sub-Township are living in wooden houses (72.3%) followed by households in bamboo houses (16.6%).
• About 73.5 per cent of urban households and 72.3 per cent of rural households live in wooden houses.
27 Type of toilet Figure 14: Proportion of households with access to improved sanitation
Union : 74.3%
Kayin State : 68.9%
Hpa-an District : 67.7%
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 41.6%
28 Table 13: Conventional households by type of toilet by urban/rural
Type of toilet Total Urban Rural
Flush 1.5 - 1.6
Water seal (Improved pit latrine) 40.1 83.1 38.0
Improved sanitation 41.6 83.1 39.6
Pit (Traditional pit latrine) 3.3 0.3 3.5
Bucket (Surface latrine) 0.6 - 0.7
Other 0.2 0.4 0.1
None 54.3 16.2 56.1
Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 17,778 807 16,971
• Up to 41.6 per cent of the households in Paingkyon Sub-Township have improved sanitation facilities (flush toilet (1.5%), water seal (improved pit latrine) (40.1%)).
• Compared to other townships in Kayin State, Paingkyon Sub-Township proportion belongs to the (42-64) proportion group of households with improved sanitation facilities.
• The proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities in Kayin State is 68.9 per cent while it is 74.3 per cent at the Union level.
• About 54.3 per cent of the households in the Paingkyon Sub-Township have no toilet facilities. For the entire Kayin State, it is 24.5 per cent.
• In the rural areas of Paingkyon Sub-Township, 56.1 per cent of the households have no toilet facilities.
29 Source of drinking water Figure 15: Proportion of households with access to improved source of drinking water
Union : 69.5%
Kayin State : 64.0%
Hpa-an District : 65.4%
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 52.5%
30 Table 14: Conventional households by source of drinking water by urban/rural
Source of drinking water Total Urban Rural
Tap water/ Piped 1.8 - 1.9
Tube well, borehole 2.8 1.6 2.8
Protected well/ Spring 47.9 86.1 46.1
Bottled water/ Water purifier * 0.2 *
Total improved drinking water 52.5 87.9 50.8
Unprotected well/Spring 19.9 7.9 20.5
Pool/Pond/ Lake 0.1 0.9 0.1
River/stream/ canal 19.7 2.8 20.5
Waterfall/ Rain water 6.2 - 6.4
Other 1.6 0.5 1.7
Total unimproved drinking water 47.5 12.1 49.2
Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 17,778 807 16,971
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, 52.5 per cent of households use improved sources of drinking water (tap water/piped, tube well, borehole, protected well/spring and bottled water/water purifier).
• Compared to other townships in Kayin State, Paingkyon Sub-Township household belongs to the (33-57) proportion group in use improved sources for drinking water and it is lower than the Union average (69.5%).
• About 47.9 per cent of the households use water from protected well/spring and 19.9 per cent use water from unprotected well/spring.
• About 47.5 per cent of the households use water from unimproved sources.
• In rural areas, 49.2 per cent of the households use water from unimproved sources for drinking water.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
31 Source of lighting Figure 16: Proportion of households using electricity for lighting
Union : 32.4%
Kayin State : 26.9%
Hpa-an District : 26.1%
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 1.7%
32 Table 15: Conventional households by source of lighting by urban/rural
Source of lighting Total Urban Rural
Electricity 1.7 9.5 1.3
Kerosene 14.5 11.6 14.7
Candle 68.6 60.8 69.0
Battery 0.7 3.8 0.6
Generator (private) 6.1 1.5 6.3
Water mill (private) 0.2 - 0.3
Solar system/energy 7.6 12.5 7.4
Other 0.5 0.1 0.5
Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 17,778 807 16,971
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, 1.7 per cent of the households use electricity for lighting. Compared to other townships in Kayin State, this proportion belongs to the lowest group. The percentage of households that use electricity in Kayin State is 26.9 per cent.
• The use of candle for lighting is the highest in the Sub-Township with 68.6 per cent.
• In rural areas, 69.0 per cent of the households use candle for lighting.
33 Type of cooking fuel Figure 17: Proportion of households using wood-related cooking fuel
ပ
Union : 81.0%
Kayin State : 87.9%
Hpa-an District : 85.9%
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 98.8%
34 Table 16: Conventional households by type of cooking fuel by urban/rural
Type of cooking fuel Total Urban Rural
Electricity 0.1 0.1 0.1
LPG * - *
Kerosene 0.5 - 0.5
BioGas 0.1 - 0.1
Firewood 87.6 94.7 87.3
Charcoal 11.2 5.0 11.5
Coal 0.4 0.1 0.4
Other 0.1 0.1 0.1
Per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 17,778 807 16,971
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, households mainly use wood-related fuels for cooking with 87.6 per cent using firewood and 11.2 per cent using charcoal.
• About 0.1 per cent of households use electricity for cooking.
• About 87.3 per cent of households in rural areas mainly use firewood and 11.5 per cent use charcoal.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
35 Communication and related amenities Table 17: Conventional households by availability of communication and related amenities by urban/rural
Conventional Land line Mobile Internet at % with none of % with all of Residence Radio Television Computer households phone phone home the items the items
Total 17,778 17.2 30.2 2.1 4.2 0.6 0.3 62.0 *
Urban 807 20.6 45.6 3.0 9.3 1.2 0.2 46.0 0.1
Rural 16,971 17.0 29.5 2.0 4.0 0.5 0.3 62.7 *
• About 30.2 per cent of the households in Paingkyon Sub-Township have access to television and is the highest among the access of communication and related amenities. About 45.6 per cent of households in urban areas and 29.5 per cent of households in rural area have access to television.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, 30.2 per cent of the households having a television and about one in six households (17.2%) reported having a radio.
36 Figure 19: Proportion of households with access to mobile phone
Union : 32.9%
Kayin State : 25.3%
Hpa-an District : 22.0%
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 4.2%
• About 4.2 per cent of the households in Paingkyon Sub-Township reported having mobile phones. Compared to other townships in Kayin State, Paingkyon Sub-Township proportion belongs to the lowest group.
37 Transportation items Table 18: Conventional households by availability of transportation items by urban/rural
Conventional Car/Truck/ Motorcycle/ 4-Wheel Canoe/ Cart State/District/Township Bicycle Motor boat households Van Moped tractor Boat (bullock)
Kayin State 308,041 12,451 127,940 108,518 18,062 8,716 7,090 43,381
Urban 67,167 5,730 32,145 24,280 940 825 421 997
Rural 240,874 6,721 95,795 84,238 17,122 7,891 6,669 42,384
Hpa-an District 161,457 6,050 65,234 59,098 7,497 5,211 4,275 20,414
Urban 22,042 1,992 11,817 8,853 334 464 79 231
Rural 139,415 4,058 53,417 50,245 7,163 4,747 4,196 20,183
Paingkyon Sub-Township 17,778 395 5,963 4,767 1,657 695 672 3,533
Urban 807 47 413 265 74 1 2 54
Rural 16,971 348 5,550 4,502 1,583 694 670 3,479
• In Paingkyon Sub-Township, 33.5 per cent of the households have motorcycle/moped as a means of transport and it is the highest proportion, followed by 26.8 per cent of households having bicycle.
• Analysis by urban/rural residence, the majority of the households mainly use motorcycle/moped as a means of transport.
38 (H) Fertility and Mortality
Fertility
• Age specific fertility rate is the highest at age group 25-29.
• For women aged 15-49, the total fertility rate is 3.7 children per woman and it is higher than the total fertility rate of 2.5 at the National level.
39 Figure 21: Total fertility rate
Union : 2.5
Kayin State : 3.4
Hpa-an District : 3.4
Paingkyon Sub-Township : 3.7
40 • The expectation of life at birth in Kayin State is 62.1 years and is lower than that of National level at 64.7 years.
• The female life expectancy at 66.7 years is higher than that of the males at 57.7 years.
Childhood Mortality and Maternal Mortality
• The Infant and Under 5 mortality rates in Hpa-an District are lower than the Union average. The Infant mortality in Hpa-an District is 55 deaths under age one per 1,000 live births while Under 5 mortality is 63 deaths under age 5 per 1,000 live births.
• The Infant and Under 5 mortality rates in Paingkyon Sub-Township are higher than those in Kayin State and Hpa-an District. The Infant mortality in Paingkyon Sub-Township is 62 per 1,000 live births and Under 5 mortality is 71 per 1,000 live births.
41 • In Kayin State, there are 276 women dying while during pregnancy/delivery or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy for every 100,000 live births.
• The maternal mortality ratio is lower than that of the Union level.
• Compared to the average maternal mortality ratio of 140 for Southeast Asian countries, the maternal mortality ratio of 282 for Myanmar is high.
42 Definitions and Concepts
Population: The population in this report corresponds to the de-facto population of Myanmar on Census Night (see below).
th th Census Night: The night between the 29 and the 30 March 2014. Every person in Myanmar was enumerated where they spent the Census Night.
Rural area: Areas classified by the Department of General Administration (GAD) as village tracts. Generally these are areas with low population density and a land use which is predominantly agricultural.
Urban area: Areas classified by the GAD as wards. Generally these areas have an increased density of building structures, population and better infrastructural development.
Population Density: The population density relates to the number of persons in a given administrative area to the surface of the area, expressed in square kilometres (Km2). Areas covered by water are excluded from the calculation.
Mean Household Size: The average number of persons per household (people living in households divided by number of conventional households).
Sex ratio: The number of males for every 100 females in a population.
Dependency ratio: The total dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 years and older than 64) to the population of working-age (age 15-64). Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. Three different measures can be calculated: total dependency ratio, child dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio.
Child Dependency Ratio: is the proportion of people younger than 15 years to the working age population (15-64).
Old Dependency Ratio: is the proportion of people older than 64 years to the working age population (15-64).
Ageing Index: The number of persons aged 65 years and over per 100 people under the age of 15 years.
Median Age: The age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older.
Education: Education is the process by which people learn through instruction and teaching. The 2014 MPHC placed an emphasis on literacy skills, school attendance and educational attainment. The other categorisations used under education were:
(a) Literacy: The ability to read and write in any language with reasonable understanding.
(b) School attendance: The attendance at any regular educational institution or systematic instruction at any level of education during the last 12 months. This included schooling at pre-primary, primary, middle, high school and tertiary institutions of higher learning. The options were: (a) Currently attending; (b) Attended previously; (c) Never attended.
43 (c) Educational Attainment: The highest grade/standard/diploma/degree completed within the most advanced level attended in the education system of the country where the education was received. It covered both public and private institutions accredited by government.
Disability: Disability is a situation where a person is at a greater risk than the general population of experiencing restrictions in performing routine activities (including activities of daily living) or participating in roles (such as work) if no supportive measures are offered. The difficulties covered in the 2014 census included:
(a) Walking difficulty(wheel chairs, crutches, limping, problems climbing steps);
(b) Seeing difficulty(low vision, blind);
(c) Hearing difficulty(partially or completely deaf);
(d) Mental/Intellectual difficulty(slow learning development making it hard to compete with their counterparts at school, other mental conditions).
Identity card: An identity card is a document used to verify aspects of a person›s personal identity. There are several types of identity cards issued by the Government of Myanmar, and national passports in the case of foreigners.
Labour Force Status: According to the type of usual economic activities during the 12 months before Census Night, all persons 10 years of age and over were classified as follows:
Labour Force: The Labour force is a general term covering “employed” and “unemployed” persons in the population.
Employed: “Employed” persons refer to those who did any work during the time of the week before the census date or worked for more than 6 months in the 12 months before the census date for pay or profit, such as a wage, salary, allowance, business profit, etc. Also included in this category were persons 44 working in family businesses, on a farm, in a store, in a private hospital etc., even though they were not paid any wages.
Unemployed: “Unemployed” persons refer to those who had no work but were able to work and actually seeking a job during the reference period, or at the time of the census enumeration.
Not in labour force: This category comprised persons who had no work and did not make any positive efforts to find a job during the 6 months before the census date or were unable to work. This included full time students, household work, elderly people, etc.
Employment Status: All employed persons were classified according to the economic activity status in the place where they worked during the last 12 months or if they worked in more than one place, where they worked most of the time. There were five employment categories:
(a) Employee (Government): those employed and working for government including in state organisation institutions.
(b) Employee (Private organisation): those employed and working for private employers or private organisations. All people in private companies, NGOs, international organisations, retail and wholesale enterprises fell under this category.
(c) Employer: persons who during the reference period worked in their own business, which also employed one or more other persons.
(d) Own account worker: self-employed persons who worked in their own business or worked in their own/family business for family gain and did not have any employees.
(e) Unpaid family worker: persons who worked in a business, farm, trade or professional enterprise operated by a member of the household/family and received no pay.
Labour force participation rate: The labour force participation rate is the ratio between the labour force and the overall size of the total population of the same age range. This is an important indicator as it portrays the proportion of the population that is economically active.
Labour force Labour force = (Employed + Unemployed) x 100 participation rate Total Population
Unemployment rate: The percentage of the total labour force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work. These are people who are without work, looking for jobs and available for work.
Unemployed Unemployment rate = x 100 Labour force (Employed + Unemployed)
45 Employtment to population ratio: A statistical ratio that measures the proportion of the country’s working-age population (ages 15 to 64) that is employed. The International Labour Organization (ILO) states that a person is considered employed if they have worked at least 1 hour in “gainful” employment in the most recent week.
Employment to Employed = x 100 population ratio Total Population
Occupation: Occupation refers to the kind of work an employed person did in the establishment during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. Put differently, occupation is the kind of work done during the last 12 months by the person employed, regardless of the industry of the establishment. In the 2014 Myanmar Census, field data collectors were instructed to collect a detailed description of the work being done such as accounts clerk, data entry operator (clerk), legal secretary, domestic worker, fisherman, human resource manager, etc. If an employed person was engaged in two or more jobs, the kind of work was decided by the work in which he/she was mainly engaged in, that is in terms of time. The occupational classification is based on the ISCO 2008.
Industry: Industry refers to the main activity of the establishment where an employed person usually worked during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. In the 2014 Myanmar Census, industry was explained to the enumerators as the type of economic activity carried out at the person’s place of work. It is defined in terms of the kind of goods produced or services supplied by the enterprise in which the person works and not necessarily the specific duties or functions of the person’s job. For example, a clerical officer working in stores within a factory that makes television sets. The industry should be recorded as manufacture of electrical goods. If an employed person worked in two or more establishments, “industry” was decided by the establishment where he/she worked most. The industrial classification is based on the ISIC Revision 4.
Live Birth: A live birth is one where the infant shows one or more of the following signs of life immediately after birth: crying or similar sounds, movement of the limbs or any other parts of the body and/or any other tangible signs of life. The census was concerned only with children born alive. Also collected was information on the last live birth of ever married female respondents.
Total fertility rate (TFR): The average number of children that a woman would give birth to if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to the current schedule of age-specific fertility rates.
Age specific fertility rate (ASFR):The age-specific fertility rate measures the annual number of births to women of a specified age or age group per 1,000 women in that age group. Unless otherwise specified, the reference period for the age-specific fertility rates is the calendar year.
46 List of Contributors
Contributors to the Kayin State, Hpa-an District, Paingkyon Sub-Township Report
Name Institution Role Prepared by
Daw Myo Thandar Staff Officer, Department of Population Leader
Daw Wint No No Htun Junior Clerk, Department of Population Assistant Daw Ei Mon Aung Junior Clerk, Department of Population Assistant
Translator and Reviewer U George Paw Tun UNFPA Consultant Translation and Review
Data Processing and IT Team Programming and generation Daw Sandar Myint Deputy Director, Department of Population of tables Immigration Assistant, Daw Su Myat Oo Generation of tables Department of Population Daw Aye Thiri Zaw Junior Clerk, Department of Population Generation of tables
Daw Lin Lin Mar Staff Officer, Department of Population Generation of maps Assistant Computer Operator, Daw Cho Cho Than Generation of maps Department of Population U Zin Min Oo Senior Clerk, Department of Population Generation of maps
Designer
U Naing Phyo Kyaw Staff Officer, Department of Population Graphic Designer
U Soe Naing Junior Clerk, Department of Population Graphic Designer
47
The Townships Reports can be downloaded at : www.dop.gov.mm or http://myanmar.unfpa.org/census