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Home , Airolo, Bellinzona, Bodio, Canton of Schwyz, Canton of Uri, Erstfeld

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Territorial System Identification data Name: Main urban center: Zurich Country: State / Region: Canton of Zurich

Map 1:

A Zurich – Metropolitan Area Zurich (Zurich and greater surroundings)

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Pilot Area for Rurbance-Project Line Zurich (A) - – Milano (B) (planned «Gottardo»-study) Rural and urban regions on the «Gottardo»-route: of Zurich, Cantons of Zurich, (City of Zug), (only inner part of the Canton, City of Schwyz), Uri ( Altdorf), ( of , , /) and City of Milano

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Territorial System Reference data City of Zurich (end 2011)

Population City of Zurich 390’000 Area (km2): 92 Density: 4’240 p / km2

Cantons of Zurich, Uri, Schwyz, Zug and Ticino (pilot study-area «Gottardo»; end 2011)

Population Area Density Number of km2 p / km2 Municipalities

Canton Schwyz SZ 148’000 908 151 30

Canton Ticino TI 337’000 2’812 119 147

Canton Uri UR 35’000 1’077 32 20

Canton Zug ZG 115’000 239 481 11

Canton Zurich ZH 1’392’000 1’729 805 171

Pilot study-area «Gottardo»

Population pilot area 2’027’000 6’764 296 379

% of Switzerland 25.5% 16.38 %

Switzerland 7’953’000 41’285 193 *2‘408

* 1.1.2013

Spoken languages

ZH, UR, SZ, ZG German

TI Italian

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Land use (% in the TS, as for the CORINE Land Cover level 2 data 2006, in km2) SZ TI UR ZG ZH pilot area CH Urban fabric (1.1) 41.55 137.70 11.89 23.27 299.31 513.72 2’355.92 Industrial, commercial and transport units (1.2) 2.08 18.28 1.31 2.11 43.41 67.19 261.96 Mine, dump and construction sites (1.3) 0.28 1.54 0.25 1.32 7.12 10.51 26.12 Artificial, non-agricultural vegetated areas (1.4) 0.96 6.06 0.00 1.34 9.78 18.14 60.09 Arable land (2.1) 54.82 31.10 0.00 69.83 715.50 871.24 7’305.84 Permanent crops (2.2) 0.36 4.42 0.00 0.26 1.92 6.96 192.86 Pastures (2.3) 232.58 38.53 73.49 36.12 36.44 417.15 3760.56 Heterogeneous agricultural areas (2.4) 12.48 30.60 6.53 5.24 10.14 64.99 505.89 Forests (3.1) 303.978 1’385.26 171.77 64.56 507.42 2’432.99 12’478.24 Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation(3.2) 107.38 621.66 329.32 0.95 16.26 1’075.58 5’699.23 Spaces with little or no vegetation (3.3) 80.86 456.60 461.17 0 0 998.64 7’180.81 Inland wetlands (4.1) 6.80 1.00 0.26 2.10 6.87 17.03 35.79 Maritime wetlands (4.2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inland waters (5.1) 63.78 79.45 20.57 31.60 74.84 270.24 1'421.20 Total per Canton / CH 907.92 2’812.20 1’076.57 238.70 1’729.00 6’764.38 41’284.60

Map 2: Zurich region: land use map 2006 using Corine Land Cover legend http://eea.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=b5cbf63906584ef2ac5d29d627faf923

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Pilot line Zurich – Gottardo – Milano (northern part): land use map 2006 using Corine Land Cover legend

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Pilot line Zurich – Gottardo – Milano (southern part; without Italian part): land use map 2006 using Corine Land Cover legend

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Criteria of delimitation of the Territorial System The «Gotthard»-pass (Italian «passo del San Gottardo») is geographically and historically seen the heart of Switzerland and since Middle Ages one of the most important north-south-routes in Europe (myth and saga of the construction of the devil’s bridge in the Schöllenen-gorge). The pass has been a myth for Swiss population and still is today. «Gottardo» is the waterhead of many big European rivers and the continental water divide between north and south. During World War II, the «Gotthard» was the heart of the so called «Réduit», the last Swiss defence line of Switzerland. These facts give an important historical role and geographical situation of the «Gottardo»-line.

The delimitation of the pilot area in the «Gottardo-study» is given by geographical reasons. The Gottardo train-line forms a clear north-south-corridor (see map p. 2) and is clearly defined. The five cantons Zurich, Zug, Schwyz, Uri and Ticino include 25% of Swiss population and 16.5% of the Swiss land area. The «Gottardo»-line leads from Zurich for a short distance along the lake of Zurich, then going by tunnel to the densly-wooded Sihltal and by another tunnel to the level land of the densly populated Canton Zug. From there, the line continues along the lake of Zug to the inner part of the with its capital Schwyz. Through the famous Axenstrasse along the lake of , the corridor-line gets into the very rural with the small cities of Flüelen, the capital Altdorf and , more and more getting into the higher mountains.

Today the train goes up from Erstfeld to Göschenen (from about 470 meters to about 1120 meters over sea level). From end of 2016 on, the direct trains will enter the 57 km long in Erstfeld on 470 meters and only get out in (TI) on 321 meters over sea level. The highest point of the tunnel will be on 550 meters over sea level. Bodio is located more than half way down from (way out of today’s Gottardo tunnel coming from Göschenen) to Bellinzona and nearly at the end of the Valle Leventina. By this change, the small municipalities on the old train-line from Erstfeld to Bodio will experience an enormous change.

From Bodio, the train very soon gets to the capital of the Canton Ticino, Bellinzona. From there, a second new base tunnel will enter from the end of 2019 the . Monte Ceneri divides geographically the Canton of Ticino in a northern and a southern part, called and . The will be 15.4 km long and will evite as the Gotthard Base Tunnel hight differences. Through today’s Ceneri tunnel the train arrives in the Sottoceneri, passing the economic heart of Ticino, the city and agglomeration of Lugano, and the dam of Melide to get to the urban region of Mendrisio and Chiasso (the region called Mendrisiotto) and the Italian city of . From there the «Gottardo»-line leads through flat land via Lainate directly to Milano.

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Characterization of the Territorial System in terms of: Vulnerability City of Zurich Dependence on financial center (banks, insurances). Concerning to a study of January 2013 insurances will gain in Zurich a stronger position within the financial sector

→ promotion of other branches with high value added

Keeping housing prices on a reasonable level (danger of housing-bubble in Zurich region)

Keeping the outstanding quality of life (vulnerable balance)

Dependance on highly qualified specialists (f.e. lack of engineers)

General situation within the financial crisis - is to strong, especially against Euro, which has a bad effect on Swiss economy in - highly specialised suppliers to European companies in Zurich region

We will ask our partners in the Gottardo-study after starting our work to complete the characterization of the Territorial System on vulnerability for their Cantons and regions.

Characterization of the Territorial System in terms of: Resilience City of Zurich Localisation within the heart of Europe: Milano, and within 4 hours by train (Milano soon 3 hours), all big European cities within 1 to 2 hour-flight Keeping outstanding quality of life Keeping high quality of transportation system Building the metropolitan area Excellent education, science, health care and security Open to internationality and migration (31% of City population are not Swiss) Political stability (Switzerland in general) 2000-Watt-society We will ask our partners in the Gottardo-study after starting our work to complete the characterization of the Territorial System on resilience for their Cantons and regions.

RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet

Reasons for the selection of the Pilot Area and brief description The «Gottardo-Line» from Zurich to Milano is interesting because of different points of view. First to mention is its historical, geographical, strategical and political role as a heart of Switzerland (see above chapter Criteria of delimitation of the Territorial System). Then the area is home of very diverging urban and rural Swiss regions. There are the core cities Zurich and Milano, medium sized Swiss Cities as Zug, Schwyz, Bellinzona, Lugano, Chiasso (also the Italian city of Como), rural regions as Sihltal, the densly populated Canton Zug, the inner, more rural part of the Canton of Schwyz, the rural Canton Uri, upper rural part of the Canton Ticino (Leventina) as well as suburban and urban regions (Bellinzona, Lugano, Mendrisiotto, level land from Como to Milano).

The 57 km long Gottard Base-Tunnel will be opened in end of 2016. The travel by train will be shortened from about four to less than three hours one way. The cities get by that into «one-day- business-distance». On the other side, lots of municipalities between Erstfeld (UR) and Bodio (TI) will have new advantages and disadvantages, new chances and problems, new challenges. This fundamental change will have impacts on all rural and urban regions on the «Gottardo-line». What effects must the public sector expect in urban and rural areas with the opening of the Gotthard Base Tunnel? What are the impacts on the mutual relation of the Cantons, regions, cities and municipalities? What changes can be anticipated, where are there common interests? How should the cantons, regions and cities react? How can the efficiency and effectiveness of the relationship between urban and rural areas be improved as part of this development? What kinds of cooperation and partnerships could be successful in terms of generating an integrated urban-rural relationship?

To answer these questions and to find new strategies and integrated governance-models, the City of Zurich will work out a study with the named involved Cantons (requests pending) and other organisations with the working title «Zurich-Gottardo-Milano – interdependancy and interrelationsship between core cities, rural and urban regions». The study aims to get very concrete results on mutual cooperation and on a sustainable strategy and governance along the Gottardo- line.

23.1.2013/mh