RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Territorial System Identification data Name: Zurich Main urban center: Zurich Country: Switzerland State / Region: Canton of Zurich Map 1: A Zurich – Metropolitan Area Zurich (Zurich and greater surroundings) RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Pilot Area for Rurbance-Project Line Zurich (A) - Gottardo – Milano (B) (planned «Gottardo»-study) Rural and urban regions on the «Gottardo»-route: City of Zurich, Cantons of Zurich, Zug (City of Zug), Schwyz (only inner part of the Canton, City of Schwyz), Uri (capital Altdorf), Ticino (Cities of Bellinzona, Lugano, Mendrisio/Chiasso) and City of Milano RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Territorial System Reference data City of Zurich (end 2011) Population City of Zurich 390’000 Area (km2): 92 Density: 4’240 p / km2 Cantons of Zurich, Uri, Schwyz, Zug and Ticino (pilot study-area «Gottardo»; end 2011) Population Area Density Number of km2 p / km2 Municipalities Canton Schwyz SZ 148’000 908 151 30 Canton Ticino TI 337’000 2’812 119 147 Canton Uri UR 35’000 1’077 32 20 Canton Zug ZG 115’000 239 481 11 Canton Zurich ZH 1’392’000 1’729 805 171 Pilot study-area «Gottardo» Population pilot area 2’027’000 6’764 296 379 % of Switzerland 25.5% 16.38 % Switzerland 7’953’000 41’285 193 *2‘408 * 1.1.2013 Spoken languages ZH, UR, SZ, ZG German TI Italian RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Land use (% in the TS, as for the CORINE Land Cover level 2 data 2006, in km2) SZ TI UR ZG ZH pilot area CH Urban fabric (1.1) 41.55 137.70 11.89 23.27 299.31 513.72 2’355.92 Industrial, commercial and transport units (1.2) 2.08 18.28 1.31 2.11 43.41 67.19 261.96 Mine, dump and construction sites (1.3) 0.28 1.54 0.25 1.32 7.12 10.51 26.12 Artificial, non-agricultural vegetated areas (1.4) 0.96 6.06 0.00 1.34 9.78 18.14 60.09 Arable land (2.1) 54.82 31.10 0.00 69.83 715.50 871.24 7’305.84 Permanent crops (2.2) 0.36 4.42 0.00 0.26 1.92 6.96 192.86 Pastures (2.3) 232.58 38.53 73.49 36.12 36.44 417.15 3760.56 Heterogeneous agricultural areas (2.4) 12.48 30.60 6.53 5.24 10.14 64.99 505.89 Forests (3.1) 303.978 1’385.26 171.77 64.56 507.42 2’432.99 12’478.24 Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation(3.2) 107.38 621.66 329.32 0.95 16.26 1’075.58 5’699.23 Spaces with little or no vegetation (3.3) 80.86 456.60 461.17 0 0 998.64 7’180.81 Inland wetlands (4.1) 6.80 1.00 0.26 2.10 6.87 17.03 35.79 Maritime wetlands (4.2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inland waters (5.1) 63.78 79.45 20.57 31.60 74.84 270.24 1'421.20 Total per Canton / CH 907.92 2’812.20 1’076.57 238.70 1’729.00 6’764.38 41’284.60 Map 2: Zurich region: land use map 2006 using Corine Land Cover legend http://eea.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=b5cbf63906584ef2ac5d29d627faf923 RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Pilot line Zurich – Gottardo – Milano (northern part): land use map 2006 using Corine Land Cover legend RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Pilot line Zurich – Gottardo – Milano (southern part; without Italian part): land use map 2006 using Corine Land Cover legend RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Criteria of delimitation of the Territorial System The «Gotthard»-pass (Italian «passo del San Gottardo») is geographically and historically seen the heart of Switzerland and since Middle Ages one of the most important north-south-routes in Europe (myth and saga of the construction of the devil’s bridge in the Schöllenen-gorge). The pass has been a myth for Swiss population and still is today. «Gottardo» is the waterhead of many big European rivers and the continental water divide between north and south. During World War II, the «Gotthard» was the heart of the so called «Réduit», the last Swiss defence line of Switzerland. These facts give an important historical role and geographical situation of the «Gottardo»-line. The delimitation of the pilot area in the «Gottardo-study» is given by geographical reasons. The Gottardo train-line forms a clear north-south-corridor (see map p. 2) and is clearly defined. The five cantons Zurich, Zug, Schwyz, Uri and Ticino include 25% of Swiss population and 16.5% of the Swiss land area. The «Gottardo»-line leads from Zurich for a short distance along the lake of Zurich, then going by tunnel to the densly-wooded Sihltal and by another tunnel to the level land of the densly populated Canton Zug. From there, the line continues along the lake of Zug to the inner part of the Canton of Schwyz with its capital Schwyz. Through the famous Axenstrasse along the lake of Lucerne, the corridor-line gets into the very rural Canton of Uri with the small cities of Flüelen, the capital Altdorf and Erstfeld, more and more getting into the higher mountains. Today the train goes up from Erstfeld to Göschenen (from about 470 meters to about 1120 meters over sea level). From end of 2016 on, the direct trains will enter the 57 km long Gotthard Base Tunnel in Erstfeld on 470 meters and only get out in Bodio (TI) on 321 meters over sea level. The highest point of the tunnel will be on 550 meters over sea level. Bodio is located more than half way down from Airolo (way out of today’s Gottardo tunnel coming from Göschenen) to Bellinzona and nearly at the end of the Valle Leventina. By this change, the small municipalities on the old train-line from Erstfeld to Bodio will experience an enormous change. From Bodio, the train very soon gets to the capital of the Canton Ticino, Bellinzona. From there, a second new base tunnel will enter from the end of 2019 the Monte Ceneri. Monte Ceneri divides geographically the Canton of Ticino in a northern and a southern part, called Sopraceneri and Sottoceneri. The Ceneri Base Tunnel will be 15.4 km long and will evite as the Gotthard Base Tunnel hight differences. Through today’s Ceneri tunnel the train arrives in the Sottoceneri, passing the economic heart of Ticino, the city and agglomeration of Lugano, and the dam of Melide to get to the urban region of Mendrisio and Chiasso (the region called Mendrisiotto) and the Italian city of Como. From there the «Gottardo»-line leads through flat land via Lainate directly to Milano. RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Characterization of the Territorial System in terms of: Vulnerability City of Zurich Dependence on financial center (banks, insurances). Concerning to a study of January 2013 insurances will gain in Zurich a stronger position within the financial sector → promotion of other branches with high value added Keeping housing prices on a reasonable level (danger of housing-bubble in Zurich region) Keeping the outstanding quality of life (vulnerable balance) Dependance on highly qualified specialists (f.e. lack of engineers) General situation within the financial crisis - Swiss Franc is to strong, especially against Euro, which has a bad effect on Swiss economy in general - highly specialised suppliers to European companies in Zurich region We will ask our partners in the Gottardo-study after starting our work to complete the characterization of the Territorial System on vulnerability for their Cantons and regions. Characterization of the Territorial System in terms of: Resilience City of Zurich Localisation within the heart of Europe: Milano, Munich and Paris within 4 hours by train (Milano soon 3 hours), all big European cities within 1 to 2 hour-flight Keeping outstanding quality of life Keeping high quality of transportation system Building the metropolitan area Excellent education, science, health care and security Open to internationality and migration (31% of City population are not Swiss) Political stability (Switzerland in general) 2000-Watt-society We will ask our partners in the Gottardo-study after starting our work to complete the characterization of the Territorial System on resilience for their Cantons and regions. RURBANCE Project Territorial System Factsheet Reasons for the selection of the Pilot Area and brief description The «Gottardo-Line» from Zurich to Milano is interesting because of different points of view. First to mention is its historical, geographical, strategical and political role as a heart of Switzerland (see above chapter Criteria of delimitation of the Territorial System). Then the area is home of very diverging urban and rural Swiss regions. There are the core cities Zurich and Milano, medium sized Swiss Cities as Zug, Schwyz, Bellinzona, Lugano, Chiasso (also the Italian city of Como), rural regions as Sihltal, the densly populated Canton Zug, the inner, more rural part of the Canton of Schwyz, the rural Canton Uri, upper rural part of the Canton Ticino (Leventina) as well as suburban and urban regions (Bellinzona, Lugano, Mendrisiotto, level land from Como to Milano). The 57 km long Gottard Base-Tunnel will be opened in end of 2016. The travel by train will be shortened from about four to less than three hours one way. The cities get by that into «one-day- business-distance». On the other side, lots of municipalities between Erstfeld (UR) and Bodio (TI) will have new advantages and disadvantages, new chances and problems, new challenges.