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Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project THEODORE J. C. HEAVNER Interviewed By: Char
Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project THEODORE J. C. HEAVNER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 28, 1997 Copyright 2 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Canton, O io Nort western University and (Case) Western Reserve University of Iowa Harvard University U.S. Army - ,orean War Entered Foreign Service - .900 UNESCO .900-.901 Duties State Department - Foreign Service Institute - .902 3ietnamese 4anguage Training Cornell University - Sout east Asia Program .902-.908 Nort versus Sout 3ietnam Saigon, 3ietnam - Political Officer .908-.909 Diem and private armies Relations wit government officials Cinnamon production Ambassador Durbrow 3iet Cong t reat Consular district Duties Ngo Din Can Reporting Cat olic C urc role Diplomatic colleagues Environment 7ontagnards Pleiku 3ietnamese military 1 Tran 3an Don Saigon, 3ietnam - Political Officer .910-.91. 4yndon B. 9o nson visit Ambassador Ale:is 9o nson and Diem ,ennedy;s 3ietnam policy State Department - 3ietnam Working Group .91.-.913 Averell Harriman Counterinsurgency U.S. policy re Nort 3ietnam Strategy options Ot er agency programs Diem regime 3ietnamese loyalties T ieu ,y regime President ,ennedy interest Defoliants Roger Hilsman C ina role State Department - Foreign Service Institute (FSI) .913-.914 Indonesian 4anguage Training 7edan, Indonesia - Consul and Principal Officer .914-.911 Ambassador Howard 9ones Ambassador 7ars all Green Sukarno and communists Anti-U.S. demonstrations Sumatra groups -
16 Lc 39 1378S
16 LC 39 1378S The Senate Committee on Transportation offered the following substitute to HR 1052: A RESOLUTION 1 Dedicating certain portions of the state highway system; and for other purposes. 2 PART I 3 WHEREAS, our nation's security continues to rely on patriotic men and women who put 4 their personal lives on hold in order to place themselves in harm's way to protect the 5 freedoms that all United States citizens cherish; and 6 WHEREAS, Corporal Matthew Britten Phillips played a vital role in leadership and 7 demonstrated a deep personal commitment to the welfare of the citizens of Georgia; and 8 WHEREAS, Corporal Phillips was born on April 13, 1981, the beloved son of Michael and 9 Freida Phillips, and attended West Hall High School in Gainesville, Georgia; and 10 WHEREAS, he served as a guardian of this nation's freedom and liberty with the United 11 States Armed Forces, valiantly and courageously protecting his fellow Americans with the 12 173rd Airborne Brigade; and 13 WHEREAS, Corporal Phillips made the ultimate sacrifice during the Battle of Wannat when 14 his unit was ambushed by the Taliban; and 15 WHEREAS, Corporal Phillips embodied the spirit of service, willing to find meaning in 16 something greater than himself, and it is abundantly fitting and proper that this remarkable 17 and distinguished American be recognized appropriately by dedicating an intersection in his 18 memory. 19 PART II 20 WHEREAS, the State of Georgia lost one of its finest citizens and most dedicated law 21 enforcement officers with the tragic passing -
A History of 119 Infantry Brigade in the Great War with Special Reference To
The History of 119 Infantry Brigade in the Great War with Special Reference to the Command of Brigadier-General Frank Percy Crozier by Michael Anthony Taylor A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract 119 Brigade, 40th Division, had an unusual origin as a ‘left-over’ brigade of the Welsh Army Corps and was the only completely bantam formation outside 35th Division. This study investigates the formation’s national identity and demonstrates that it was indeed strongly ‘Welsh’ in more than name until 1918. New data on the social background of men and officers is added to that generated by earlier studies. The examination of the brigade’s actions on the Western Front challenges the widely held belief that there was an inherent problem with this and other bantam formations. The original make-up of the brigade is compared with its later forms when new and less efficient units were introduced. -
Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR FREDERICK ERNEST NOLTING, JR. Interviewed by: Ted Gittinger, LBJ Library Initial interview date: November 11, 1982 TABLE OF CONTENTS Situation on arrival in Vietnam Lack of stability in Vietnam Johnson calls Diem the “Churchill of Asia” Diem elected by 90% of votes - fraud? General McGarr transferred Embassy-Diem relations Taylor-Rostow mission aftermath U.S. combat engineer troops in Delta President Kennedy on punishing North Vietnam Diem opposes introduction of U.S. forces Retribution against North Vietnam General Ed Lansdale’s views Gilpatric task force Vietnamese (South) and communists Mostly anti-communist Viet Cong (fear of) Ap Bac Battle - 1963 Colonel Vann’s outburst Diem on pacification Buddhist crisis - May 1963 Tri Quang suicide Harriman’s view of Nolting Diem and Buddhists Bui Van Luong Religious agreement Buddhist and Viet Cong aims converge Pagoda raids 1 Buddhists’ organization Buddhist movement Mr. Nhu’s invention? Vietnamese - views of Diem’s fall Majority probably not happy Madam Nhu not popular Brothers-in-law criticize Diem CIA in 1960 coup? Embassy relations with U.S. military Appointment and description of MAAG General Paul Harkins Who is in charge? Kennedy says “Ambassador” Joint Chiefs’ view of rank Rufus Phillips’ NSC testimony Gloomy assessment Confusion of Vietnamese military Views on President President Johnson’s views on Vietnam Kennedy and Johnson’s views differ Johnson’s reasons for appointment of Ambassador Lodge Johnson inherits Kennedy’s Vietnam political mess Questions INTERVIEW Q: Ambassador Nolting, would you begin by telling me if there was anything that could be considered a legacy that Ambassador [Elbridge] Durbrow had left for you to inherit? NOLTING: Yes. -
JOHN FOSTER DULLES PAPERS PERSONNEL SERIES The
JOHN FOSTER DULLES PAPERS PERSONNEL SERIES The Personnel Series, consisting of approximately 17,900 pages, is comprised of three subseries, an alphabetically arranged Chiefs of Mission Subseries, an alphabetically arranged Special Liaison Staff Subseries and a Chronological Subseries. The entire series focuses on appointments and evaluations of ambassadors and other foreign service personnel and consideration of political appointees for various posts. The series is an important source of information on the staffing of foreign service posts with African- Americans, Jews, women, and individuals representing various political constituencies. Frank assessments of the performances of many chiefs of mission are found here, especially in the Chiefs of Mission Subseries and much of the series reflects input sought and obtained by Secretary Dulles from his staff concerning the political suitability of ambassadors currently serving as well as numerous potential appointees. While the emphasis is on personalities and politics, information on U.S. relations with various foreign countries can be found in this series. The Chiefs of Mission Subseries totals approximately 1,800 pages and contains candid assessments of U.S. ambassadors to certain countries, lists of chiefs of missions and indications of which ones were to be changed, biographical data, materials re controversial individuals such as John Paton Davies, Julius Holmes, Wolf Ladejinsky, Jesse Locker, William D. Pawley, and others, memoranda regarding Leonard Hall and political patronage, procedures for selecting career and political candidates for positions, discussions of “most urgent problems” for ambassadorships in certain countries, consideration of African-American appointees, comments on certain individuals’ connections to Truman Administration, and lists of personnel in Secretary of State’s office. -
The Foreign Service Journal, January 1950
g,L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 27, NO. 1 JOURNAL JANUARY, 1950 tMdMf'f! T % t'^W TC:l ■ ) - Y*?; 4 t1 Ui yi & ———■ IHHI«MI THE HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE First Meeting of the New Session It gives us special satisfaction to supply I. W. Harper Whiskey to men and women in America’s foreign service. We are proud to serve you, and we value highly the example you set for your guests. For these reasons alone, you can depend on our safeguarding I. W. Harper’s unexcelled taste and quality. Cost is never consulted in making this superb whiskey. It’s made for you to pour with pride and drink with pleasure. Distributed overseas by SCHENLEY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION THERE ARE NO FINER WHISKIES THAN AMERICAN WHISKIES I.W.HARPER AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION HONORARY PRESIDENT FOREIGN SERVICE DEAN ACHESON SECRETARY OF STATE HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF JOURNAL STATE THE COUNSELOR GEORGE F. KENNAN PRESIDENT W. WALTON BUTTERWORTH VICE PRESIDENT ELBERT G. MATHEWS SECRETARY-TREASURER JOHN M. McSWEENEY ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER BARBARA P. CHALMERS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERVE J. L’HEUREUX CHAIRMAN ELBRIDGE DURBROW VICE CHAIRMAN ELBERT G. MATHEWS JOHN M. McSWEENEY WILLIAM P. HUGHES ALTERNATE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY RAYMOND A. HARE HAROLD N. WADDELL THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL EDITORIAL BOARD EDMUND A. GULLION CHAIRMAN FRANK S. HOPKINS JOHN M. ALLISON VOL. 27, NO. 1 JANUARY 1950 PAUL J. REVELEY MARTIN F. HERZ JOAN DAVID MANAGING EDITOR ALEXANDER PAUL COVER PICTURE: Foreign Committee meets to map program. -
Interview with John W. Kimball
Library of Congress Interview with John W. Kimball The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JOHN W. KIMBALL Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 24, 1999 Copyright 2004 ADST Q: Today is the 24th of May, 1999. This is an interview with John W. Kimball and it is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. John, let me start at the beginning. Can you tell me when and where you were born, and something about your family? KIMBALL: I was born October 13, 1934, in San Francisco, California. My father moved from South Dakota in 1916 with his parents to farmland in Chino. My mother grew up in Wisconsin. She was a high school music teacher and worked in California in the late 1920s after teaching also in Alabama, Arizona, and Wyoming. They were married in Long Beach. When I was born, my father was working in an office in San Francisco. He managed farmland in the San Joaquin valley owned by gold dredging firms operating in the area. He passed away when I was eleven. Q: Was your mother teaching? KIMBALL: Not when I was born, no. Q: Were you brought up in San Francisco? Interview with John W. Kimball http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib001383 Library of Congress KIMBALL: No. My parents were living in Burlingame when I was born. I went to public schools in Berkeley and Palo Alto. I graduated from Palo Alto High School and, later, Stanford University. -
Images of Inherited War Ree American Presidents in Vietnam
THE 13 DREW PER PA S Images of Inherited War ree American Presidents in Vietnam William R. Hersch Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University David S. Fadok, Lieutenant General, Commander and President School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Jeffrey J. Smith, Colonel, PhD, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Images of Inherited War Three American Presidents in Vietnam William R. Hersch Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Drew Paper No. 13 Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jeanne K. Shamburger Hersch, William R., 1972– Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations Images of inherited war : three American presidents in Vietnam Daniel Armstrong / William R. Hersch, Lt. Colonel, USAF. Composition and Prepress Production pages cm. — (Drew paper, ISSN 1941-3785 ; no. 13) Nedra Looney Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-58566-249-4 Print Preparation and Distribution 1. Vietnam War, 1961–1975—Public opinion. 2. Vietnam War, Diane Clark 1961–1975—United States. 3. Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917–1963—Public opinion. 4. Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908–1973—Public opinion. 5. Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913–1994—Public opinion. 6. Political AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE culture—United States—History—20th century. 7. Public opinion—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS DS559.62.U6H46 2014 959.704’31–dc23 2014034552 Director and Publisher Allen G. Peck Editor in Chief Oreste M. Johnson Published by Air University Press in February 2014 Managing Editor Demorah Hayes Design and Production Manager Cheryl King Air University Press 155 N. -
Vietnam: Mr. Johnson's War -Or Mr. Eisenhower's?
Vietnam: Mr. Johnson's War -Or Mr. Eisenhower's? Edward Cuddy Conventional wisdom pins responsibility for the Vietnam War primarily on Lyndon B. Johnson. This essay presents a revisionist argument, attempting to shift primary responsibility for the war on President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The case rests heavily on John F. Kennedy's challenge to historians: "How the hell" can they evaluate presidential performances unless they know the "real pressures" and the "real alternatives" confronting the occupiers of the Oval Office. In assessing those pressures, this essay concludes that Eisenhower had the unique luxury of a clean break from President Truman's commitments, thanks to the Vietnamese victory at Dien Bien Phu, and a clear-cut alternative provided by the Geneva Accords. Unfortunately, Eisenhower chose to ignore the Accords, committed America to South Vietnam, and played a major role, during and after his presidency, in creating the heavy pressures that shaped Johnson's Vietnam decisions. The Kennedy Challenge "How the hell can you tell?" snapped President John F. Kennedy, when asked to rank American presidents for the Schlesinger poll in 1962. He was challenging Schlesinger's son, Arthur, Jr., historian and presidential aide. Only the president himself can know his "real pres- sures" and "real alternatives," he insisted, though a detailed study could help reveal the differences made by individuals. "Would Lin- coln have been judged so great a President, if he had lived long enough to face the almost insoluble problem of Reconstruction?" he mused.' Today, Kennedy's words reek with prophetic irony. Like Lin- coln, he, too, was assassinated and succeeded by another President Johnson, leaving historians to debate a similar question: Would Kennedy's stature have fared so well if he had confronted the in- tractable dilemmas of Vietnam? Of the five presidents from Harry S Truman to Richard M. -
A History of St. Mark's Parish, in Which Governor Spotswood Did Not Have a Prominent Place, Would Be Like a Portrait with the Most Prominent Feature Left Out
A HISTORY OF ST. MARK'S PARISH CULPEPER COUNTY, VIRGINIA, WITH NOTES OF OLD CHURCHES AND OLD FAMILIES, AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE Manners and Customs of the Olden Time. BY REV. PHILIP SLAUGHTER, D.D. Rector of Emmanuel Church, Culpeper Co.s Va. AUTHOR OF THE HISTORIES OF ST. GSORGB'S AND BRISTOL PARISHES, VA. 1877. IKNES & COMPANY, Printers, BALTIMORE, MO. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE. The author believes that he was the first person who conceived the idea of writing a history of the old parishes in Yirginia upon the basis of the old vestry-books and registers. Thirty years ago he published the History of Bristol Parish (Petersburg), of which he was then rector. In 1849 he published the History of St. George's Parish, in Spotsylvania. His labors were then suspended by ill-health, and he went abroad, never expecting to resume them. This personal evil resulted in the general good. Bishop Meade, the most competent of all men for this special task, was induced to take up the subject, and the result was the valuable work, " The Old Ohurches and Families of Yirginia," in which the author's histories of St. George and Bristol Parishes, and some other materials which he had gathered, were incorporated. The author, in his old age, returns to his first love, and submits to the public a history of his native parish of St. Mark's. The reader will please bear in mind that this is not a general history of the civil and social institutions within the bounds of this parish, and yet he will find in it many incidental illustrations of these subjects. -
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The 77 TH SFG Mission to South Vietnam:196 0 By Eugene G. Piasecki 46 Veritas 1954, in accordance with the Geneva Accords, President Dwight In a separate military agreement between France D. Eisenhower and and the Ho Chi Minh-led Viet Minh ended the fighting Secretary of State John between the Communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam Foster Dulles greeting and the French Expeditionary Corps. Vietnam was Vietnamese President partitioned at the 17th parallel. The Viet Minh withdrew Ngo Dinh Diem on north of the parallel and French forces to the south. New his visit to the USA military equipment fielding and French troop strength in 1957. Arriving in was capped. Only replacements could enter South Eisenhower’s personal Vietnam and the general elections would be supervised airplane, Diem was hailed as the “Savior by a United Nations International Control Commission 1 of Southeast Asia” (ICC). India, Poland, and Canada formed the ICC. From by the president. 1955 to 1960, internal political and military instability in the south did not go unnoticed by North Vietnam. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in the 1950s mirrored the post Korean-War American Army organization and was trained to conduct conventional LTG Samuel T. “Hanging Sam” operations against Communist invasion by North Williams. A Veteran of WWI, Vietnamese Regular Army forces. Little consideration WWII, and Korea he was the was given to counterguerrilla warfare. Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), Capitalizing on the situation, North Vietnamese- Vietnam from 18 November sponsored Viet Cong (VC) guerrilla forces in South 1955 to 1 September 1960. -
Excerpts from the Vietnam Country Reader the Complete Reader
Excerpts from the Vietnam Country Reader The complete Reader, more than 2,600 pages in length, is available for purchase http://adst.org/store/#!/~/category/id=4169163 VIETNAM COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Merritt N. Cootes 1936 Temporary Consul, Saigon Kingsley W. Hamilton 1940-1942 Consular Officer, Saigon Albert Stoffel 1946-1948 Vice Consul, Saigon Oscar Vance Armstrong 1950 Chinese Language Officer, Saigon John F. Melby 1950 City Unspecified, Vietnam Charlotte Loris 1950-1952 Clerk, Saigon Thomas J. Corcoran 1950-1953 Political Officer, Saigon 1954-1955 Consul, Hanoi Paul M. Kattenburg 1950-1955 Intelligence Analyst, Indochinese Affairs, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, DC 1963-1964 Country Officer, East Asia Bureau, Washington, DC 1964-1965 Political Officer, Policy Planning, Washington, DC L. Michael Rives 1951-1952 Political Officer, Hanoi Scott Cohen 1951-1953 Foreign Broadcasting Information Service (FBIS) Officer, Saigon Richard C. Matheron 1951-1953 Special Technical and Economic Mission, Saigon 1953-1956 Special Technical and Economic Mission, Hue Bertha Potts 1952-1954 Cultural Affairs Officer, USIS, Saigon William J. Cunningham 1952-1954 General Services Assistant, Saigon Howard R. Simpson 1952-1955 Press Officer, Saigon 1964-1965 Information Officer, Saigon Samuel Clifford Adams, Jr. 1952-1955 Education Advisor, Saigon Randolph A. Kidder 1953-1955 Political Officer, Saigon 1955 Chargé d’Affaires, Saigon George Lambrakis 1954-1955 Trainee, USIS, Saigon Robert F. Franklin 1954-1956 Radio Officer, USIS, Hanoi and Saigon 1962 Press Officer, Saigon John A. Lacey 1954-1956 Intelligence Analyst, Vietnamese Affairs, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, DC 1965-1966 Country Officer, Burma/Cambodia Desk, Washington, DC Rufus C.