4816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 Walton C. Ferris Gerald Keith From Foreign Service officer of class 7 to Harold D. Finley C. Porter Kuykendall Foreign Service officer of class 5: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES C. Paul Fletcher Charles W. Lewis, Jr. Edward Anderson Brewster H. Morris Lynn W. Franklin James P. Moffitt E. Tomlin Bailey · Walter W. Orebaugh MONDAY, l\fAY 21, 1945 Robert G. Glover Walter H. Sholes John Willard CarriganJ. Graham Parsons F'ranklin C. Gowen Edward J. Sparks Norris B. Chipman John C. Pool The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and Winthrop S. Greene Paul C. Squire Herbert P. Fales G. Frederick Rein- ·was called to order by the Speaker. William M. Gwynn Maurice L. Stafford Andrew B. Foster hardt Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor Curtis C. Jordan Alan N. Steyne Norris S. Haselton Arthur L. Richards Erwin P. Keeler HenryS. Waterman of the Gunton Temple Memorial Presby­ L. Randolph Higgs Livingston Satterth- terian Church, ·Washington, D. C., From Foreign Service officer of class 5 to John D. Jernegan waite Foreign Service officer of class 3 : George Lewis Jones,George F. Scherer offered the following prayer: James C. H. Bonbright Herve J. L'Heureux Jr. Donald W. Smith Eten1al God, our Father, with pen­ Daniel M. Braddock John H. Madonne Andrew G . Lynch Philip D. Sprouse sive minds and penitent hearts, we call Homer M. Byington, James K. Penfield Edward P. Maffitt Ivan B. White upon . Thy great and holy name. Jr. Guy W. Ray From Foreign Service officer of class 7 to· We pray that we may seek to be Qavendish W. Cannon Llewellyn E. Thomp­ Foreign Service officer of class 6: William P. Cochran, son, Jr. worthy comrades of all who are strug­ R. Austin Acly F. Ridgway Linea- gling so valiantly to preserve and per­ Jr. Edward T. Wailes Stephen E. Aguirre weaver Gerald A. Drew Walter N. Walmsley, William K. Ailshie Douglas MacArthur 2d petuate our national heritage. Enable Everett F. Drumright Jr. Daniel V. Anderson · Elbert G .. Mathews us by Thy grace to carry on in the gal­ Elbridge Durbrow Thomas C. Wasson John L. Bankhead . Ernest deW. Mayer lant spirit of those who did not fear Cloyce K. Huston Carl H. Boehringer Miss Kathleen Moles- or falter ·or fail and whom on this day From Foreign Service officer of class 5 to Howard A. Bowman worth are to be honored by a grateful Nation Foreign Service officer of class 4: Reginald Bragonier,Alton T. Murray and lifted into the blessed sanctuary of Ware Adams PerryN. Jester Jr. Robert Newbegin everlasting remembrance. LaVerne Baldwin· Kenneth C. Krentz Glen W. Bruner . Carmel Ofile Gordon L. Burke John Ordway Grant that we may- never feel that Sidney A. Belovsky John H. Lord this ideal of world peace, for which vast Burton Y. Berry Walter H. McKinney Richard W. Byrd John Peabody Palmer James E. Brown, Jr. Dale W. Maher Thomas S. Campen Marselis C. Parsons, multitudes have given themselves so Sidney H. Browne John H. Morgan Carl E. Christopher- Jr. sacrificia.lly, is merely an illusion and J. Holbrook Chapman Sidney·E. O'Donoghue son Archibald R. Ran- that it lies beyond the sphere of prac- Augustus S. Chase Nelson R. Park David M. Clark dolph . tical realization. Take away those cyn­ DuWayne G. Clark WalterS. Reineck Mulford A. ColebrookEdward E. Rice ical tempers of mind which seek to per­ William W. Corcoran Thomas H. Robinson Glion Curtis, Jr. W. Garland ·Richard- Sherburne Dillingham son suade us that the Gospel of the Prince Basil D. Dahl William A. Smale of Peace is too beautiful and fair to have Robert F. Fernald Sheldon Thomas Howard Elting, Jr. Halleck L. Rose Bernard Gotlieb Edward G. Trueblood James Espy John C. Shillock, Jr. been true in the past and too frail and Knowlton V. Hicks George P. Waller Douglas Flood Stanley G. Slavens fanciful to become true in our own day Malcolm P . Hooper Carlos J. Warner T. Muldrup Forsyth Jule B. Smith or in the future. John F. Huddleston John L. Goshie William P. Snow May we have the courage to believe Paul S. Guinn Francis L. Spalding From Foreign Service officer of class 6 to James E. Henderson Carl W. Strom that the prospects of its complete ful­ Foreign Service officer of class 4: Theodore J. Hohen-Robert M. Taylor fillment and final triumph are as glori­ Theodore c. Achilles Edward D. McLaughlin thal Cy:ril L. F. Thiel ous as the promises of the Lord God Garret G. Ackerson,John J. Macdonald Phil H. Hubbard Charles 0. Thompson Omnipotent. Jr. Edward Page, Jr. RichardS. Huestis Jay Walker Humbly and· confidently we offer our John M. Allison Avery F. Peterson Carlton Hurst · T. Eliot Well prayer. Amen. Walworth Barbour JohnS. Service Paul c. Hutton Rolland Welch Jacob D. Beam Henry E. Stebbins Douglas Jenkins, Jr. H. Bartlett Wells The Journal of the proceedings of Fri­ Ma~ Waldo Bishop Francis Bowden Stev- Beppo R. Johansen Arthur R. Williams day, May 18, 1945, was read and ap­ e. Burke Elbrick ens U. Alexis Johnson PhilipP. Williams proved. R. Horton Henry Laurence W. Taylor Nathaniel Lancaster,Robert E. Wilson Heyward G. Hill William C. Trimble Jr. William P. Wright MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT J. Wesley Jones Robert F. Woodward E. Allan Lightner, Jr. William E. Yuni A message in writing from the Presi­ Charles F. Knox, Jr. James H. Wright From Foreign Service officer of class 8 to' dent of the United States was communi­ Foy D. Kohler Foreign Service officer of class 6: cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of From Foreign Service officer of class 6 to Charles R. Burrows Edward A: Dow, Jr. his secretaries, who also informed the Foreign Service officer of class 5: Robert T. Cowan Robert F. Hale House that on the following dates the George Alexander Thomas S. Horn Leon L. Cowles Richard H. Post President approved and signed bills of Armstrong Morris N. Hughes From Foreign Service officer of class 8 to the House of the following titles: J. Kenly Bacon J. Winsor Ives Foreign Service officer of class 7: Barry T. Benson Henry P. Leverich On May 15, 1945: William Belton Parker T. Hart H. R. 2992. An act to extend the provisions Ralph A. Boemstein Raymond P. Ludden Niles W. Bond Richard H. Hawkins, Roy E. B. Bower Cecil B. Lyon of the act of July 11, 1941 (Public Law 163, William 0. Boswell .Jr. 77th Cong.) ; and Robert Y. Brown Robert Mills McClin- Robert P. Chalker Franklin Hawley Robert L. Buell tack H. R. 3070. An act to extend the provisions Thomas J. Cory George D. Henderson of the act of November 29, 1940 (Public Law JohnS. Calvert Walter P. McConaughy H. Francis Cunning- Martin J. Hillenbrand 884, 76th Cong.). Robert D. Coe Stewart E. McMillin ham, Jr. Outerbridge Horsey On May 16, 1945: Montgomery H. Colla-Thomas J. Maleady Philip M. Davenport Francis C. Jordan H. R. 3038. An act to amend section 409 of day Patrick Mallon Richard H. Davis Randolph A. Kidder the Interstate Co.n:imerce Act, as amended. John Davies, Jr. EdwardS. Maney Arthur B. Emmons 3d William L. Krieg Henry B. Day Gerald A. Mokma Nicholas Feld Joseph Palmer 2d RECESS Edmund J. Dorsz John B. Ocheltree William N. Fraleigh David T. Ray Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I John A. Embry William L. Peck F'ulton Freeman Robert W. Rinden ask unanimous consent that it be in order Robert English Troy L. Perkins John Goodyear M. Robert Rutherford for the Speaker to declare a recess at John B. Faust Joseph P. Ragland Robert Grinnell Robert C. Strong Theodore J. Hadraba ,Alfred T. Wellborn any time during the day, subject to the Dorsey GassawayR. 'Borden Reams call of the Chair. Fisher Charles S. Reed 2d Boies C. Hart, Jr. Wilson C. Flake George W. Renchard POSTMASTERS The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Gerhard Gade JohnS. Richardson, Jr. the request of the gentleman from Mas­ ARIZONA sachusetts? W111ard Galbraith Arthur R . Ringwalt Herman J. Kielhorn, Williams. James W. Gantenbein Willard Quincy Stan- Iva W. Hedworth, Winkelman. There was no objection. George M. Graves ton The SPEAKER. The Chair declares Bernard Outler John F. Stone ILLINOIS the House in recess until 2 o'clock this John N. Hamlin Tyler Thompson Albert E. Born, Jr., Bensenville. afternoon. Randolph Harrison William Clarke Vyse Margaret Barnett, Indianola. Accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 8 min­ Thomas A. Hickok Gilbert R. Willson TEXAS utes p. m.) the House stood in recess Frederick W. Rinke Whitney Young Richard J. Meskill, Texas City, until 2 o'clock. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4817 JOINT SESSION OF THE HOUSE. AND on a brilliant defense of his platoon's hard­ God that we have produced such sons as SENATE won ground, securing the position and in­ these. With -their high courage as in­ flicting heavy casualties on the numerically At 12 o'clock and 52 minutes p. m., the superior enemy. spiration, we cannot fail in the task we Doorkeeper announced the President pro have set ourselves. tempore and the Members of the United [Applause, the Members standing dur­ It is with gratitude and pride that as States Senate. ing reading of citation. J President of the United States, and ·in The Senate, preceded by the President Thereupon the President of the Unit'ed the name of the Congress, I have· pre­ pro tempore and its Secretary and States bestowed the Congressional Medal sented the Medal of Honor to Technical Sergeant at Arms, entered the Hall of the of Honor on Technical Sgt. Jake William Sgt. Jake W. Lindsey. [Applause.] House of Representatives. Lindsey. At 1 o'clock and 13 minutes p. m., the The PRESIDENT pro tempore of the The PRESIDENT of the United States. President retired from the Hall of the Senate took the chair at the right of the Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, Members House of Representatives. Speaker, and the Members of the Senate of the Congress, we are assembled here At 1 o'clock and 14 minutes p. m., the took the seats reserved for them. today to confer the Nation's highest members of the President's Cabinet re­ The SPEAKER. On the part of the decoration on a young American soldier. tired from the Hall-of the House of Rep- House, the Chair appoints the following It so happens that Technical Sgt. Jake W. resentatives. · members of the committee to escort the Lindsey, of Lucedale, Miss., is the one At 1 o'clock and 14% minutes p. m., President of the United States into the hundredth infantryman to receive the the Chief of Staff, Gen. George C. Mar­ Chamber: The gentleman from Massa­ Medal of Honor in this war for bravery shall, and Technical Sgt. Jake William chusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK]; the gentle­ above and beyond the call of duty. Lindsey retired from the Hall of the man from Mississippi [Mr. COLMER], and Through him we pay a grateful Nation's House of Representatives. tribute to the courage of all our fighting the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. At 1 o'clock and 15 minutes p.m., the MARTIN]. men. Speaker announced that the joint session The PRESIDENT pro tempore of the The history of this war is filled with countless acts of valor by o.ur soldiers and was dissolved. Senate. On the part of the Senate, the Thereupon, the President pro tempore Chair appoints as members of the com­ sailors and marines under fire. Those who win the Medal of Honor have dis­ of the Senate and the Members of the mittee 'to escort the President of the Senate returned to their Chamber. United States into the Chamber: The played the highest quality of courage. Senator from Kentucky [Mr. BARKLEY], We have heard in the citation what AFTER REqESS the Senator from Maine [Mr. WHITE], Sergeant Lindsey did. His inspiring The recess having expired; the House and the Senator from Utah [Mr. deeds on the battlefield require no further was called to order by the Speaker at 2 THOMAS]. praise from any man . . They stand-with o'clock p. m. At 12 o'cTock and 57 minutes p. m., the the deeds of the others on whom this The SPEAKER. Without objection, Doorkeeper announced the Cabinet of the decoration has been conferred-in the the proceedings had during the recess President of the United States. finest tradition of American heroism. will be printed in the RECORD, and the At 1 o'clock and 1 minute p. m., the This medal, to repeat, is given for gal­ President's message will be referred to Doorkeeper announced the Chief of Staff, lantry at the risk of life beyond the call the Committee on Military Affairs and Gen. George C. Marshall, and Technical of duty. No officer ordered Sergeant ordered printed. Sgt. Jake William Lindsey, of Lucedale, -Lindsey to stand alone against a company There was no objection. Miss. of the enemy. No officer ordered him when wounded to engage eight Germans COMMUNICATION FROM THE CLERK OF General Marshall and Sergeant Lind­ THE HOUSE sey were escorted to the Clerk's desk. in hand-to-hand combat. Those deci­ At 1 o'clock and 3 minutes ·p. m., the sions came from ·his own heart. They The SPEAKER laid before the House Doorkeeper announced the President of were a flash of the nobility which we like the following communication which was the United States. to think is a part of every American. read: They were· the unselfish valor which can WASHINGTON, D. C., May 21, 1945. The President of the United States, es­ The Honorable The SPEAKER, corted by the committee of Senators and triumph over terrible odds. They were the very essence of victory. · House of Representatives. Representatives, entered the Hall of the Sm: Desiring to be temporarily absent House of Representatives and stood at Since the beginning of this war, 223 from my office, I hereby designate Mr. New­ the Clerk's desk. Medals of Honor have been awarded to lin Megill, an official in my office, to sign any · The SPEAKER. The Chair presents members of the armed forces. Of these, and all papers and do all other acts ·for me the Chief of Staff, the General of the 162 have gone to the Army, 33 to the which he would be authorized to do by Navy, 27 to the Marine Corps, and 1 to the virtue of this designation and of clause · 4, Armies, George C. Marshall. rule III, of the House. General MARSHALL. I will read the cita­ Coast Guard. One hundred of the men so decorated have been infantrymen, and Respectfully yours, tion: . SOUTH TRIMBLE, of them 50 died in performing the acts Clerk of the House of Representatives. Technical Sgt. Jake W. Lindsey, Sixteenth for which they were honored. Infantry, led a platoon reduced to 6 of its MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE original strength of 40 in the attack on an It seems fitting that in this symbolic enemy position near Hamich, Germany, on ceremony we should honor an infantry­ UNITED STATES-ALIEN PROPERTY the 16th of November, 1944. man. There is little glamor in his serv­ CUSTODIAN REPORT His men h ad captured their objective and ice. He faces not only the enemy before The SPEAKER laid before the House were digging in wp.en counterattacked by a him, but the cold and heat, the rain and German infantry company apd five . tanks. the following message from the Presi­ Armed with a rifle and grenades, Sergeant snow, the dust and mud, which so often dent of the United States which was read Lindsey took position on the left and in ad­ make his life miserable. These things and with the accompanying report re­ vance of the remainder of his platoon and he endures, and rises above them to such ferred to the Committee on Interstate although exposed to heavy rifle, machine gun, va1orous deeds as those we celebrate to­ and Foreign Commerce and ordered and tank fire beat off repeated enemy at­ day. printed: tacks. Tanks moved to within 50 yards of This is a proud and moving occasion him but were forced to withdraw because of To the Congress of the United States: for every American. It follows the com­ I transmit herewith, for thEl information his accurate rifle and grenade fire. plete victory of the Allied forces over a After driving off the tanks he knocked out ·of the Congress, the annual report of the two machine guns to his front. Although powerful enemy in Europe. It finds us Alien Property Custodian on proceedings had painfully wounded, he continued firing and striking devastating blows in the Pacific. under the Trading with the Enemy Act, as throwing grenades until his ammunition We are preparing to strike them later in amended, for the period beginning June 30, was expended. · overwhelming force. 1943, and ending June 30, 1944. An enemy squad attempted to set up a HARRY S. TRUMAN, Before the battle against Japan is won, THE WHITE HousE, May 21, 1945. machine gun 50 yards from him. Unmind­ we shall have other men to honor-men ful of his wounds and enemy fire he· rushed whose deeds, like those we celebrate to· .NAVAL APPROPRIATION .BILL, i946 these 8 German soldiers, single-handedly closed with them, killed 3 with his bayonet day, will have brought closer our inevit· Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I call and captured 3. Two others escaped. able victory. up the conference report on the bill .(H. In his fearlessness, inspiring courage, and I hope that every man and woman in R. 2907) making appropriations for .the superb leadership, Sergeant Lindsey carried ~ur Nation today will reverently thank Navy Department and the naval service 4818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE,. MAY 21 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 19461 Strike out the limitation proposed by the tients in naval hospitals lhcident to their and for other purposes, and I ask unani­ House of $28,000 ·tpon expenditures for pay­ convalescence and rehabilitation. mous consent that the statement of the ment of authorized claims of civilian em­ HARRY R. SHEPPARD• managers on the part of the House may ployees of the Naval Establishment, as pro­ ALBERT THOMAS, posed by the Senate; appropriate $40,500,000, JOHN M. COFFEE, be read in lieu of the full report. as proposed by the House, instead of $41,- JAMIE L. WHITTEN, The Clerk read the title of the bill. 750,000, a!' proposed by the Senate; and CHARLES A. PLUMLEY~ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to strike out, as proposed by the Senate, the NOBLE J. JOHNSON, the request of the gentleman from Cali­ provision proposed by the House barring ex­ WALTER C. PLOESER, fornia? penditures for compensation of persons who Statement of managers on the part engage in the performance of conciliation or of the House. There was no objection. kindred services in fields under the cog­ The Clerk read the statement. nizance of the Department of Labor. The conference report and statement . Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, the Amendment No. 4, relating to t he Naval bill as passed by the House carried $23,- are as follows: War College: Appropriates $175,000, as pro­ posed by the Senate, instead of $156,269, as 400,000,000 plus. As passed by the S :=n­ CONFERENGE REPORT proposed by the House. ate it carried $23,603,000,000 plus, or a The committee of conference on the dis­ Amendments Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, relating Senate increase of $203,373,735. agreeing votes of the two Houses on the to naval training stations: Appropriate for . Of the Senate increase, $180,000,000 amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. the naval training stations, San Diego, Calif., 1s for the fiscal year 1945, for ordnance 2907) making appropriations for the Navy Great Lakes, Ill., Lake Seneca, N.Y., and Port purposes, in pursuance of a supplemental Department and the naval service, for the Deposit, Md., $12,908,000, as proposed by the estimate contained in House Document fiscal year ending June 30, 1946, and for other House, instead of $14,175,000, as proposed by 114. purposes, having met, after full and free the Senate, in conformity with the House conference, have agreed to recommend and proposal that the temporary training sta­ The remainder of the increase, namely, do recommend to their respective Houses as tion at Seneca Lake, N. Y., be discontinued $23,273,735 relates to a number of proj­ follows: as such on or before October 1, 1945; and ects, but mostly is made of an increase That the Senate recede from its amend­ appropriate $1,152,000 for the naval train­ under the head of "Transportation and ments numbered 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, ing station, Newport, R.I., as proposed by the recruiting." 22, and 23. Senate, instead of $1,036,800, as proposed by Of such amount of increase, the Sen­ That the House recede' from its disagree­ the House. ate has receded from $2,639,804. ment to the amendments of the Senate num­ Amendment No. 10, relating to the sub­ appropriation "Libraries": Appropriates $2,- The bill as we bring it from conference bered 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 21, 24, and 25 and agree to carries $23,601,136,064. the same. 877,196, as proposed by the House, instead of Amendment numbered 11: That the House $3,000,000, as proposed by the Senate. Such sum is $298,016,986 below the recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Amendment No. 11: Adjusts a total. estimates, and it is $4,932,703,237 less ment of the Senate numbered 11, and agree Amendment No. 12: Appropriates an ad­ than appropriations thus far made for to the same with an amendment as follows: ditional amount of $180,000.000 for the fiscal the current fiscal year. In lieu of the sum proposed insert "$56,844,- year 1945 for "Ordnance and ordnance stores, At this time, Mr. Speaker, I wonder 196"; and the Senate agree to the same. Navy", pursuant to a Budget estimate, as if my colleague, the ranking member on Amendment numbered 17: That the House proposed by the Senate. Amendments Nos. 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, the minority side, has some statement recede from its disagreement to the amend­ he wishes to make? ment of the Senate numbered 17, and agree relating to the appropriation "Pay, sub­ to the same with an amendment as follows: sistence, and transportation, Navy": Provide Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have In lieu of the matter stricken out and in­ for setting up the "Transportation and re­ no statement to make at this time. serted by said amendment insert the follow­ cruiting" subhead as a. separate appropria­ Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I move ing: "$262,885,000: Provided,"; and the Senate tion, as proposed by the House, and appro­ the previous question on the conference agree to the same. ' priate for "Transportation and recruiting", report." as a separate appropriation, $262,885,000, as Amendment numbered 20: That the HOU!>e. The previous question was ordered. recede from its disagreement to the_amend­ proposed by the Senate, instead of $242,385,- 000, as proposed by the House. The conference report was agreed to. ment of the Senate numbered 20, and agree The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report to the same with an amendment as follows: Amendment No. 20, relating to Public At the end of the matter inserted by said Works, Bureau of Yards and Docks: Includes the first amendment in disagreement. amendment, before the period, insert ", as specific provision for providing a. field house The Clerk read as follows: authorized by law"; and the Senate agree to at the Naval Academy, at a cost of $1,500,000, Senate amendment No. 18: Page 25, line the same. chargeable to the amount in the b~ll proposed 1, after the word "patients", insert the fol­ The committee of conference report In dis- by th~ House for public-works projects within lowing: "when entitled thereto by law, regu­ agreement amendments numbered 18. and 19. the continental limits of the United States, lation, or contract." as proposed by the Senate. HARRY R. SHEPPARD, ALBERT THOMAS, Amendment No. 21: Makes the appropria­ Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I mov.e JOHN M. COFFEE, tion "Emergency construction", applying to that the House recede and concur in the JAMIE L. WHITTEN, ship construction, available until December Senate _amendment with an amendment. -CHARLES A. PLUMLEY, 31, 1946, for expenditure only in liquidation The Clerk read as follows: NOBLE J. JOHNSON, of obligations incurred prior to July 1, 1945, as proposed by the Senate. Mr. SHEPPARD moves that the House recede WALTER C. PLOESER, from its disagreement to the amendment of Managers on the part of the House. · Amendment No. 22: Strikes out the au­ thorization proposed by the Senate for the the Senate No. 18 and concur in the same JOHN H. OVERTON, incurrence of traveling expenses in connec­ with an amendment as follows: In lieu of ELMER THOMAS, tion with the recruitment and placement of the matter inserted by said amendment, after THEODORE FRANCIS GREEN, civilian personnel. the word "hospitals", in.line 2, page 25, in­ sert", as provided by regulation." DAVID I. WALSH, Amendment No. 23: Restores the House WALLACE H. WHITE, Jr., provision limiting to 17,000 the average num­ The motion was agreed to. STYLES BRIDGES, ber of all civil personnel in the Navy Depart­ Managers on the part of the Senate. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report ment at the seat of Goverment, excluding the next amendment in disagreement. the Marine Corps and the Coast Guard. STATEMENT The Clerk read as follows. Amendments Nos. 24 and 25: Amend sec­ The managers on th'e part of the House at tion 120 of the bill, dealing with allowances Senate amendment No. 19: On page 25, the conference on the disagreeing votes of for quarters of personnel occupying emer­ after line 3 insert the following: the two Houses on the amendments of the gency housing facilities under the jurisdic­ "The appropriation 'Medical Department,' Senate to the bill (H. R. 2907) m aking ap­ tion of the Navy Department or the National for the fiscal year 1946 shall be available propriations for the Navy Department and Housing Agency, to conform with the provi­ for the manufacture or production of prod­ the naval service for the fiscal year ending sions of current law, as proposed by the ucts by patients in naval hospitals and June 30, 1946, and for other purposes, submit Senate. other naval medical facilities incident to the following statement in explanation of their convalescence and rehabilitation, and the effect of the action agreed upon and AMENDMENTS IN DISAGREEMENT PURSUANT TO ownership thereof shall be vested in the CLAUSE 2 RULE XX l'ecommended in the accompanying <;on­ 1 patients manufacturing or producing such terence report as to each of such amend­ Amendment No. 18, amending the text of products, ~xcept that the ownership of such ments, namely: the appropriation "Medical Department". items manufactured or produced specifically Amendments Nos. 1, 2, and 3, relating to Amendment No. 19, relating to ownership for the use of a naval hospital or other the appropriation "Miscellaneous expenses": of articles manufactured or produced by pa- naval medical facility shall be vested in the 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4819 Government and such items shall be ac­ in the other nations but that they serve quite so meritorious as the one to which counted for and dispm:ed of accordingly." the governments of these other nations the gentleman referred. Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I move in particlJ,lar capacities, as technical ex­ Mr. HINSHAW. I hope the bill can that the House recede and concur in the perts, and so forth, and by so doing are be brought up under a rule and then Senate amendment. contributing to the war effort. passed on by the House. The motion was agreed to. Mr. BARDEN. I am sorry, but I do Mr. BARDEN. That would be the A motion to reconsider the votes by not get that impression from the bill. proper way. which action was taken on the several May I call the gentleman's attention to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to motions was laid on the table. another thing. There are plenty of good the present consideration of the bill? reasons for the establishment of the Mr. BARDEN, Mr. NORRELL, Mr. CONSENT CALENDAR 5-year period of residence in this coun­ TRIMBLE, and Mr. CLEVENGER ob­ The SPEAKER. This is Consent Cal­ try. I think a man ought to stay in this jected. endar day. The Clerk will call the first country long enough to become an DISCONTINUING CERTAIN REPORTS NOW bill on the Consent Calendar. American before we give him the privi­ REQUIRED BY LAW UNITED STATES CODE lege of being an American. Mr. MASON. We all agree to that. The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 2504) The Clerk called the bill major general February 10, 1906, and breaking of precedent. and there was no The SPEAKER. Is there objection to retired, and so forth. intention of doing that. the present consideration of the 'Qill? I assume the gentleman from Ken­ Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. tucky was a Member of this House or of gentleman yield? Speaker, reserving the right to object-­ the Senate when all these bills passed. Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman Again, for example, in 1867 a medal gentleman from Ohio. from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK] was presented to Cyrus W. Field after Mr. BREHM. Has this recognition withdraw his reservation of objection? the organic act with reference to the ever been awarded to any President be­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr~ Speaker, I ,Army was passed, a medal to be pre­ fore? withdraw my reservation of objection. sented in the name of the people of the Mr. McCORMACK. I do not think so. Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. United States for laying the Atlantic Mr. BREHM. Then it is breaking Speaker, I have listened with interest to - cable. precedent, is it no&? the distinguished majority leader, the

I 4822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc­ The men who died and their buddies stand Mrs. Edwin M. Luckenbach, Philadel­ CoRMACK] for whom I have the kindest .with you. You are a man. God bless you. phia, Pa.: regards. I contend that my speech of a MARINE, Three cheers and a tiger for you. You had few days ago was absolutely correct in The National Tribune and the Stars the courage of your convictions. My father that under the law no one is entitled to and Stripes of Washington, D. C., ex-· received the Congressional Medal for three receive the Congressional Medal of Honor press strong opposition to granting this­ acts of bravery in the United States Army unless such individual was in the armed medal. during the Civil War. services and at the risk of his life, went A. W. Priestley, Brooklyn~ N. Y.: above and beyond the call of duty in Mr. and Mrs. John J. Kennedy, Phil­ actual combat with the enemy. That is adelphia: It does my heart good to see that you are the law and it has been the law for about As parents of three killed sons, we thank blocking the action on the bill to award the you for reserving to our heroes the only Congressional Medal of Honor posthumously 84 years. A very fine young man, to the late President. Sgt. Jake W. Lindsey, of Mississippi, reward they get. God bless you. received the Congressional Medal of Cheers for having the courage to stand M. S. Holmes, Chicago, Ill.: Honor here today at the hands of Presi­ up and block the award of the Congressional We commend you warmly for your objec­ Medal of Honor to the late lamented Franklin tion to the latest Congressional Medal award. dent Truman in joint session of the D. Roosevelt. Thanks a million. House and Senate, and we were told by M. R. Inman, Chicago, Ill.: the citation why he received it. It was Boston Herald, May 6, 1945, Sunday for heroic action in actual combat with editorial sent to me by Miss Susan G. I am very glad of your action. It should the enemy. He showed great heroism. Macomber. be awarded for real combat. He killed and captured about 25 Ger­ Editorial commends my action and H. D. Kissinger, Kansas City, Mo.: mans. He won his medal and it was points out that bills have been intro­ I approve heartily the sentiment expressed awarded him under the law. How we duced in behalf of Gen. William Mitchell and object to the congressional award to were all thrilled. and Ernie Pyle. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Thank God, at least I had occasion a iew days ago when Colonel, St. Louis, Mo.: one Congressman retains his equilibrium. More power to you. I spoke to refer to a young miner, Wil­ You have no idea how proud I am of you burn K. Ross, in my district, who had a for getting up and fighting the giving of Walter H. McKinney, Washington, wonderful record. He killed 40 Germans a Medal of Honor to the late President. For :p. C.: and wounded badly more than 18 more. many years thousands of us have fought Fifty-eight or more Germans piled up Having a son who has just lost his right to win it. It was not given to Lincoln. foot and part of his left hand on the Italian around his shallow fox hole. To this front, I find myself somewhat medal con­ date, 221 others of the Army, Navy, Ma­ Metropolitan News, Hartford, Conn., I May 3, 1945: scious. Let us reserve the highest decoration rines, and Coast Guard in this war of our land for those who have rendered have earned and been awarded the We have no objection to anyone naming service above and beyond the call of duty ' Medal of Honor that belongs to our fight­ anything after our late President. It is only with the daily and hourly risk of their lives. ing men who go above and beyond the fitting that he receive the b,onor due him; To do otherwise would cheapen the medal. call of duty, risking their lives in combat but we do not believe the Medal of Honor with th.:: enemy. should be awarded. James Lovatelli, New York City: They do not get these medals by any Colonel, San Antonio, Tex., expresses Your stand in opposing award of the Con­ special act of Congress. The command­ gressional Medal. to Franklin Roosevelt meets approval of my action. His son was with the approval of millions of citizens and ing officer sees the individual soldier's killed on Corregidor in 1942. especially veterans. - I hope that more Con­ performance. He must report it fa­ Hon. James Gould, Andover, Mass., gressmen will have your wisdom. vorably, as I understand, to the area commends my action. He insists that commander. Then a board which has this award should go to those who earn Senator W. C. Farmer, Albany, Ky.: been set up goes over the man's achieve­ it in battle. But he also says that he I want to very heartily commend you for ments for which a medal is sought, and appreciates the high quality of service your action. ·must approve. Then it goes to the rank­ in their particular fields of President Christian W. Correll, New York, N. Y.: ing officer of the entire operations, like Roosevelt and Ernie Pyle. General Eisenhower, say, in Europe, and It is heartening to read in the newspaper be approved by him. Then it must come Mr. Belle P. Woolridge, Pittsburgh: today of your objection. It is encouraging to to the General Staff of the Army or Navy Permit me to heartily commend you on know that we still have men who can speak as the case may be, here in Washington. your recent action preventing the passage up and wh_o are not fearful of criticism. They must review and approve it. Then of a bill to posthumously award the Con­ gressional Medal of Honor to the late Presi­ Ellis S. Smith, Ithaca, N. Y.: it goes to the Secretary of War, and he dent. I understand your proper objection. As a must review and approve. - Then it goes medal-winner in World War No. 1, I . know to the President of the United States and Harry Lataner, Vinton, Va.: - how indiscriminate awards of the medal make he must approve and award the Medal As a Democrat who voted for Roosevelt 1t an empty honor. Let us keep the award of Honor. That is the way they get the up to and including a fourth term, your on its present rare and deserved citation. Congressional Medal of Honor, and that action seems to me to be thoroughly reas­ is the way I want every Congressional' oned and soundly American. . Reed P. Black, Johnson City, Tenn .• Spanish War veteran: Medal of Honor bestowed in this coun­ Florence Montgomery, Casey, TIL: try. I read with pride the speech you delivered ACTION APPROVED I commend your action on the bill to award before the House on H. R. 2966. We need the Congressional Medal of Honor to Presi­ more courageous, fearless, unafraid men like I have never had so many favorable re­ dent Ropsevelt. You are to be congratulated yourself. sponses to anything I have ever said or on the stand you took. Thank you. done in the House or the Senate as I T. J. Ward, Cincinnati, Ohio: have received since objecting to grant­ -_Terry Point, N. Y.: In my opinion your position is sound and ing the Medal of Honor to former Presi­ Heartily approve your action regarding merits the full support of every man who has dent Roosevelt 2 weeks ago today. They Medal of Honor. received the Medal of Honor and of every came from Democrats, Republicans, In­ man who has given his service in the Army, dependents, and people from all walks of Mrs. C. G. Snook, ~roy, Ohio: Navy, or Marine Corps, and every sound­ life and from all sections of our Nation. Appr~ve your sane, sensible statement, also thinking citizen. My sincere congratula­ Mr. Speaker, I include some excerpts your courage. tions. from letters and telegrams which I have M. 0. Mafe, Boston: E. E. Maccrome: received. I appreciate ·your courage in making a I send a word of wa.rm commendation for Philadelphia: stand. Mr. Truman is making a good .your stand against granting this Congres­ Congratulations. Our great President does P1·esident. sional Medal to the President. To give the not Wish to encroach on these young men Medal to persons who have not seen active '9/ho were slaughtered in war. H. M. M~Yb!-'~gQ_t, · Boston: duty or been in activ.e combat .would dilute its ONE HUNDRED ·AND FIVE VETERANS, I congratulate you em your stan~. value and change its meaning. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE 4823

F. B. Sherman, San Fr~ncisco: been a .member of our armed forces. He fng the granting of the Purple Heart to Pre51dent Roosevelt will doubtless rank as cannot, under the law, wear the uniform those who do not come under the law. a great President. I agree with you that it of the Army, the Navy, the Marine Let us confer these priceless medals, would be most inappropriate to award the Corps, the Air Forces, or the Coast Guard. these honors, only on those who fight the Congressional Medal to him posthumously. He is a civilian. In granting honors, ·enemy and win our victories, and let this Stuart H. Patton, Alhambra, Calif.: the President should be treated as a ci­ priceless decoration be a beacon light vilian. to our fighting men. I am a veteran of the Spanish War, also There are many ways in which you of World War No. 1. More power to you. This is not political. I never was more Do all you can to prevent the crucifying of can honor the President of the United sincere or more dead in earnest than I the Congressional Medal of Honor. States in his field of endeavor as a civil­ am about preserving all the decorations, ian, as a statesman, and in many ot:Q.er medals and honors granted by law to our Forrest Callico, Lancaster, Ky.: respects. In many of these letters re­ defenders. It was with pleasure that I read of your ceived from Democrats they stated, "We A gentleman on the radio last night opposition to the posthumous award of the voted for Ml'. Roosevelt four times, but said I did not know about George Cohan Congressional Medal of Honor to our late we are against him having this Congres­ getting this medal of honor. Yes, I know President. It takes moral courage, of which sional Medal of Honor." It cannot be we see so little in this age. about George Cohan's getting a medal, done for the late President without dis­ but it was not a Congressional Medal William Davis, Crestlin~. Ohio: turbing the integrity of the Congres­ of Honor. The act granting him a medal I am sincerely thankful that you are one sional Medal of Honor which under the clearly shows it was not the Medal of Congressman who has the guts to oppose the law must go to members of the armed Honor. bill awarding the Medal of Honor to Presi­ forces. Mr. McCORMACK. There are several dent Roosevelt. May I say to the distinguished Ma­ bills of this character that contain the Arthur Hines, Fort Benning, Ga.: jority Leader that I think Congress same language as my bill, "In the name should pass a general law whereby men of Congress." I agree with you heartily and am sure who have achieved great success in millions of ot hers do. It makes me feel good Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Yes, but to know that we still have men like you who statesmanship, medicine, surgery, in George Cohan's was not the Congres­ have the courage to do what they think is matters pertaining to invention, indus­ sional Medal of Honor. right. try, and exploration aiding our war ef­ Mr. McCORMACK. I did not mention. fort and in services to this country and the Cohan bill because the language of Mr. Richard Derby, Oyster Bay, N.Y.: the world, the Ernie Pyles and others, the Cohan bill is different from this. It I am so entirely in accord with you that may receive proper recognition for their was an act of Congress, however. I I want to send you a few lines of congratula­ wonderful services. I would support a have quoted bills in recent years where tion on the courage you showed. It would measure like that. Then we wouJ.d not seem to me that his• friends are doing him the language is identical with this. I a real disservice. · have this questio'n coming up when men, may say that when, what I will admit like Commander Byrd, Lindbergh, and was a mistake, was called to my atten­ C. F. Huebotter, Long Beach, Calif._: others who have rendered great services tion by a distinguished Member, at whom Out of respect for the Congressional Medal to our country although they were not I am looking now, and I am indebted to of Honorees, stand by your honorable posi­ in the armed services and not in actual him for doing it, I immediately saw the tion and hold the line on eligibility. combat. Colonel Lindbergh of the Air word "Congressional" in the title, and I Forces got a medal, and it squints at this W. G. Phelps, Somerset, Ky.: am prepared to offer an amendment to medal of honor, but he was not entitled strike out that word if the bill reaches We need more men like you. to that under the law. That should be the stage of amendment. E. M. Bailey, Pittsburgh, Pa.: given only to those who in combat with On the question of civilians, everybody the enemy risk their lives above and be­ Permit me to heartily commend you for knows that the President of the United your recent action. yond the call of .duty. States is a civilian, but the title of Com­ We have so many great American men mander in Chief is a constitutional title. Miss Florence Cummings, Housatonic, and women who achieve so much in The Constitution provides that the Pres­ Mass.: peacetime and have been such a wonder­ ident in time of war is the Commander in Thank you for your action re medal. ful blessing to this country and to the Chief. Certainly the term "Commander world in peacetime in their endeavors in Chief" in the bill is consistent with M. T. Sculler, Pittsburgh, Pa.: that I should like to see a law passed the Constitution because that term is a Allow me to heartily commend you re under which they might be recognized, part of the Constitution. Everybody who . medal Ernie Pyle and the late President as well as those in our armed forces, hav­ knows our history understands that while Roosevelt. ing a board to pass on their claims. It whoever is President in wartime is Com­ Henry Bryant, Waukesha, Wis.: is wonderful to die for our country but mander in Chief by reason of the ex­ I think the day is coming when we want I cannot refrain from expressing my ad-. press provision of the Constitution, he miration for your courage. Indeed it takes to impress the fact that it is also a fine is also a civilian. courage to stand up and express your con­ thing to live for our country and help Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. But as a victions as you did. achieve in the paths of peace. civilian, he is not a member of our armed I wonder if my distinguished fri~nd forces. E. S. Walter, Flushing, L. I., N. Y.: from Mitssachusetts would be willing to The Constitution also provides that Congratulations on your stand. I have write into this bill an amendment that the military is subordinate to th_e civil had two very personal letters from the late would award a medal to President Roose­ authority. While the President is Com­ President. I wish to say in all sincerity velt as a civilian. He was a civilian, and mander in Chief, he still is a civilian of­ you sound like a fellow who has the courage what he achieved was as a civilian. Why ficer of the United States and not a of his convictions-and I don't mean maybe. not say so, and take away this disturbing military officer. F. Churchill, New York: thought expressed, by servicemen, their Mr. McCORMACK. I concede that. I want to congratulate you on taking your wives, widows, parents, to me from prac­ So far as the record is concerned, the stand. I am glad you had the courage of tically every State in the Union, who gentleman ought to be satisfied with that. your convictions. Your reason is well taken charge we are trying to weaken and de­ The statement here "Commander in and I hope you will not weaken. stroy the integrity of this great medal? Chief" certainly is a statement which is · Only today a colonel called me up from consistent with the office established by Dr. S. K. Faucett, Philadelphia: the ·walter Reed hospital. · He had his the Constitution. Why not issue a commemorative half dol­ arm torn off in Europe. ·He said, "I thank Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. That is lar in memory of F. D. R. and in that way you, Mr. RoBSION." He also said, "All a· right. I thank the majority leader for everyone could share in it rather than a medal­ of the favored few. certain man over in Hawaii did was to his admission the President is a ·civilian carry powder . . He recei~ed no w9und at official. On line 5, if it says, "That tbe Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. The Pres­ all, but he had enough mfiuence to get President of the United States is au-­ ident of the United States is a civilian· the Purple HeartY I ,think one of the thorized to award posthumously in the under the Constitution. He has never committees of the House is' investigat- nam:e ?f Cong~ess a Medal of Honor to XCI-- 304- 4824 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 the late Franklin D. Roosevelt as a civil­ a soldier's medal and ought never be any­ It does everything you.ask to be done, a:nd ian," "As a civilian"-! can see no objec­ thing- else. takes it out of the class of this distin­ tion to that. Mr. McCORMACK. The fact remains guished sergeant who was here today and Mr. McCORMACK. There is no ne­ that these acts have been passed by Con­ puts it back in the class of Admiral Byrd cessity of that language being there be­ gress and the language, so far as ~he and the man who laid the cable and all cause everybody knows the President of name "Medal of Honor" is concerned, is those men about whom the gentleman the United States is a civilian. identical with the bill pending before the read. Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. A lot of House. Mr. McCORMACK. It seer.1s to me folks do not know it. This resolution at­ Mr. HANCOCK. I do not think we the bill is brief and concise and it is non­ tempts to give him a medal that belongs should have done it. controversial. It does seem to me, how­ under the law to our soldiers and sailors. I know I personally have objected sev­ ever, that where it says down below '.'the Mr. McCORMACK. Oh, well, certain­ eral times to such bills. I remember late Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in recog­ ly the insertion of that language is un­ very well that the similar bills have been nition of his fearless leadership, his necessary because I will admit he is a objected to by others. The gentleman heroic courage as a pioneer of new fron­ civilian. Everybody knows or ought to from Massachusetts was here-he and I tiers of freedom, his gallant and unself­ know that the President of the United came to Congress in the same year. ish devotion to the service of his coun­ States is a civilian. The insertion of Mr. McCORMACK. One was passed try," that the "service of his country~' those words there is unnecessary. in 1935. would include. all, and that he is both Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Let us Mr. HANCOCK. Objection was made President and Commander in Chief. put it this way then. This medal is on the floor to such a bill to honor tQ.e Mr. JENKINS. Just leave out "Com­ granted to the President as a civilian; is late beloved Will Rogers. A bill was in­ mander in Chief." it not? troduced to award the medal to J. Edgar Mr. McCORMACK. Personally I Mr. McCORMACK. To the President Hoover. We killed that in Committee think the language in the bill includes of the United States, the Commander in of the Judiciary. that. Chief of the Army and Navy, who is a Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. AndEr­ Mr. JENKINS. Certainly. civilian. Naturally, he is a civilian. nie Pyle might be included also. Mr. McCORMACK. And he is re­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. ·He is a The gentleman from Massachusetts ferred to as President up above. civilian. Anything he has done as Pres­ [Mr. McCoRMACK] informs the House Mr. JENKINS. Yes. ident is done as a civilian. Now, aside that the bill, as amended, does not award Mr. McCORMACK. As far as I am from the particular language, I want to a serviceman's Medal of Honor. concerned, I have no objection. understand the situation. Therefore, it Mr. HANCOCK. And Ernie Pyle and Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. And take has no relation whatsoever and does not various others. Let us pay them every out the word "Congressional." transgress in any respect on the law honor possible, but let us preserve the Mr. McCORMACK. Oh, that is going granting the Congressional Medal of integrity, dignity, .and distinctive char­ out anyway. Honor? acter of the Medal of Honor. It is a Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Qf Mr. McCORMACK. I am glad the military decoration, the highest honor course, my colleagues know I have not gentleman brought that up because those any member of the armed forces can always agreed with some of the policies are given as the result of the organic law. win. of President Roosevelt in his lifetime. I Congress, instead of passing a specific Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. May I have not changed my mind. I regret ex­ bill in each case, has passed an organic say in peacetime Congress did get away ceedingly that the President could. not act. These awards are granted as are­ from the fundamental principle, more have lived out the term for which he was sult of specific acts of Congress. I think or less, but this is wartime. I will con­ elected. that is clear. That ought to satisfy my fess I never made a careful study of the Mr. McCORMACK. I want the REC­ friend. Medal of Honor and its.implications un­ ORD to show the ~uggestion of the gentle­ Mr. HANCOCK. Mr. Speaker-will the til we had two young men from my own man from Ohio [Mr. JENKINSJthat the gentleman yield? district a warded the medal and I have language down below includes that any­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I yield. been looking into the law and how it is way. Mr. ·HANCOCK. My recollection is earned and I realize what a wonderful Mr. JENKINS. Exactly. that the statute makes no reference to honor it is, and I am very anxious that Mr. McCORMACK. ·It includes not the "Congressional Medal of Honor." It its dignity, integrity, and distinctive only Commander in Chief but the Ian­ merely provides that the President may, character be preserved. It is very pre­ guage is broad enough to include the late in the name of Congress, present the President in his capacity as President of cious. It has been sanctified by the the United States. I think the sugges­ Medal of Honor to a member of the armed blood and heroism of our brave defend­ forces who distinguishes himself on the tion is a good one, which I am glad to field of battle in actual conflict with the ers. The gentleman from Massachu­ adopt, and I shall make such a motion enemy. The statute does not describe setts [Mr. McCoRMAcK] keeps insisting myself. this medal as the Congressional Medal the medal proposed for President Roose­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. The gen­ of Honor. That is the common term for velt is not the same kind of medal tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc­ it, but it is not the legal name of it. awarded today to Sergeant Lindsey, and CoRMACK] strikes out ·the words "Con­ Since the act before us authorizes the other war heroes. gressional" and "Commander in Chief." awarding of a Medal of Honor, we are Mr. JENKINS. Will the gentleman This in my opinion would make it a providing for the identical medal ·that yield? civilian medal to President Roosevelt and the President gave to the·heroic Sergeant Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I yield. does . not conflict with Congressional Lindsey here today. It is the same thing. Mr. JENKINS. I wonder if the gen­ Medal awarded to members of our armed What we have done, according to my tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc­ forces. recollection, on several occasions in the CoRMACK] would not agree to this lan­ Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, will the past, is to authorize the mint or the Sec­ guage. I think it would clear up the sit­ gentleman yield? retary of the Treasury to design and uation and allow this measure to be Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I yield. strike off a special ·medal to honor in a passed. Instead of inserting "Com­ Mr. SPRINGER. Just for the benefit very high degree some of our great citi­ mander in Chief'' or instead of inserting of the distinguished majority leader, zens for distinguished accomplishments the word "civilian," just leave out both this bill as drawn provides for a medal of, or services as, civilians. "civilian" and "Commander in Chief." of honor. I wonder if it would not be Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentle­ The bill would read: entirely proper to distinguish this as a m::m bear in mind the remarks I made a In recognition of his peerless leadership, his special medal of honor for a civilian, few minutes ago? · heroic courage as a pioneer of new frontiers rather than to permit it to stand as it of freedom, his gallant and unselfish devotion now is, "a medal of honor in the name Mr. HANCOCK. Yes; and if we gave to the service of his country, the Medal of Honor to Byrd and Lind­ of Congress." It is my desire that any bergh we made a mistake because I think That removes the language "Com­ medal of honor awarded to any civilian we all want to preserve the distinctive mander in Chief" and also obviates the be entirely distinguished from the medal character of the Medal of Honor. It is necessity of inserting the word "civilian." of honor, known as the Congressional 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4825 Medal of Honor, which is now awarded continue to believe that. Each side can time. All of these men were criticized, for combat duty, by our soldiers, and for advance plausible arguments to prove and actually damned by some, in their valor beyond the call of duty. Will the their point, but in the final analysis each day. Others felt that they· were im­ gentleman accept that suggestion as an will still believe what he wants to believe. mortal men. All knew then, just as all amendment? Time alone will provide the true answer know now, that time alone will deter­ Mr. McCORMACK. I would gladly ac­ to this question. mine whether or not a man will go down cept that amendment, because then we Now, with that as a background, I in history as one of the truly great. are conferring even more honor on the would like to discuss the thought which I feel that it would be tragic not only late President Roosevelt. I gladly ac­ I have in mind regarding the creation to America but also to the memory of cept that, a special medal of honor, of a national memorial. Mr. Roosevelt to attempt now during the · because then it is even stronger than my It seems to me, therefore, that a study hysteria of war, and during the con­ bill. of the data relating to national monu­ :fiicting emotions which the American Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Well, let ments is apropos at this time: people have regarding this man, to pass us not make these changes until we see GEORGE WASHINGTON a resolution creating a National Monu­ where we are going. I want merely to Died December 14, 1799. On January ment to his memory. preserve the medal of honor for our fight- 31, 1848, a joint resolution authorized By their works ye shall know them­ ing men. · the Washington National Monument and I feel certain that Mr. Roosevelt Mr. BREHM. Mr. Speaker, will the Society to erect a monument on public would much prefer that his case be re­ . gentleman yield? grounds in the city of Washington. This ceived and dealt with by Father Time Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I yield. was 49 years after the death of Wash­ than he would to have some of his ad­ Mr. BREHM. I em, not objecting to ington. mirers attempt to force his greatness this legislation but I would like to make On February 26, 1859, the Washington upon our Republic. some remarks on the subject of me­ National Monument Society was incor­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. History morials. porated. This ·was 60 years after Wash­ will determine the place of President · Mr. Speaker, I hesitate to make these ington's death. Roosevelt in the country and in the remarks for fear there will be some who On August 2, 1876, Congress appropri­ world . . intentionally or otherwise might put a ated the first $200,000 to continue con­ Mr. HANCOCK. · Mr. Speaker, will different construction on my remarks struction of Washington's Monument. the gentleman yield? . from that which is honestly intended. This was 77 years after Washington's Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I yield. In the first place, there has been much death. Mr. HANCOCK. . I would like to get propaganda put out during recent years The Monument was completed on De­ this point clear. I know the gentlema-n which had as its objective to smear and cember 6, 1884, dedicated February 21, has given careful scrutiny to the statute. catalogue as Roosevelt haters anyone 1885, and opened to the public October 9, Am I not right in saying that when we who dared, even minutely, to differ with 1888. ·authorize the presentation of a Medal of any of the policies of our late President. In other words, 89 years elapsed after Honor, capitalizing the words "Medal" I have differed at times with some of the Washington's death before a national and "Honor," in the name of Congress, policies of Mr. Roosevelt, but I believe monument was finally completed to his we are authorizing tJ:?.e granting of what the RECORD will show that my c1iticism memory. is known in common parlance as the Con­ was directed more toward the methods THOMAS JEFFERSON gressional Medal of Honor? employed in attempting to put those pol­ Jefferson died July 4, 1826. On June Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I believe icies into operation and the administra­ 26, 1934, a joint resolution authorizing that is substantially the language used in tion of those policies rather than a di­ the creation of a commission to provide the statute and the general law, but this rect attack upon the ideals which moti­ for a permanent memorial building resolution has or will be amended as vated those policies. I have never by was passed by Congress. This was 108 agreed to by the gentleman from Mas­ word or deed on the :floor of this House years after Jefferson's death. sachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK], the author attacked our late President as an in­ On December 15, 1938, ground-break­ of this bill. He and others agree that dividual. Personally I feel that it is an ing ceremonies were held. This was 112 President Roosevelt was a civilian officer. indication of extreme weakness for any­ years after his death He was never a member of our armed one to resort to personalities in an at­ On November 15, 1939, the cornerstone tempt to win a debate. forces, and the medal to be granted by was laid. · This was 113 years after his this bill is not the same kind of medal The problems facing our Nation today death. are of such tremendous importance to granted under the law to our servicemen On April 13, 1943, the monument was great courage and risked the future life of the entire world that dedicated. You see, therefore, that 117 who showed I hope no one will accuse me of resort­ years elapsed after Jefferson's death be­ their lives above and beyond the call of ing to personalities in these remarks. fore a monument was completed to his duty in actual combat or conflict with I have no intention of entering into memory. the enemy. President Roosevelt never any discussion as to whether our Repub­ ABRAHAM LINCOLN was in actual combat or con:fiict with the lic has advanced or been retarded dur­ Lincoln died April 15, 1865. On March enemy and, of course, he could not secur~ ing Mr. Roosevelt's 12 consecutive years 29, 1867, 2 years after his death, incorpo­ the soldiers' and sailors' medal of honor. in office. Historians are already in vio­ ration of the Lincoln Monument Associa­ I said in my speech on this subject on lent . disagreement regarding this ques­ tion was enacted by Congress, but be­ Monday, May 7, that in view of the fact tion and that disagreement will continue cause of political difficulties plans of this that President Roosevelt had been As­ as long as historians live. · association fell through. sistant Secretary of the Navy, Governor I do know that no man ever occupied On February 9, 1911, the Lincoln of the great State of New York, and the White House who was more rever­ Memorial Commission was created to se~ elected President of the United States ently loved and violently hated at one cure plans for a monument. or a memo~ four terms, and had other honors con­ and the same time than Franklin Delano rial. This was 46 years after Lincoln's ferred upon him, the medal that Con­ Roosevelt. gress might confer upon him would have The closeness of the popular vote cast .death. On February 12, 1915, the cornerstone very little meaning. In fact, if it should in the last general election-25,000,000 be claimed that Congress was attempting for and 23,000 ,000 against-indicates how was laid. -This was 50 years after his death. to give him the same Congressional evenly divided the American people were Medal of Honor a warded to our soldiers on Mr. Roosevelt. It would therefore On May 30, 1922, the monument was serve no useful purpose to debate an issue dedicated. Here we see that 57 years and sailors, it would detract from his on which the American people were so elapsed after Lincoln's death before a honors rather than add to them. His closely divided by popular vote as they monument was erected to his memory. record has been made. Historians and were on Mr. Roosevelt. Those who be­ Now the point I want to make is that the American people in years to come lieve that he was the savior of mankind time is the great leveler-the great and when more detached from the acts will continue to believe it, while those stabilizer. and records of the late lamented Presi­ ·who believe that he was instrumental in The works and deeds of Washington, dent will determine his place in history. creating disunity in our Republic will Jefferson, and Lincoln stood the test of This was true of Washington, Jefferson, 4826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 Madison, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Gar· Page 1, line 6, strike· out the words "as date of the draft, but" that this act be­ field, McKinley, "Teddy" Roosevelt, Wil­ Commander in Chief." comes effective as of that date, which I son, Coolicjge, and others. What we say The amendment was agreed to. believe is September 16, 1940. and do in this resolution will have very Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The SPEAKER. Is there objection to little bearing on the verdict of history or offer a further amendment. the present consideration of the bill? mankind. The Clerk read as follows: There being no objection, the Clerk According to my investigations, such a Amendment offered by Mr. McCoRMAcK: read the bill, as follows: resolution was never introduced or acted Amend the tltle of the bill by striking out Be it enacted, etc., That subsection (b) upon in Congress in behalf of Washing­ the word "Congressional" and inserting · in of section 342 of the Nationality Act of 1940 ton, Jefferson, William Henry Harrison, lieu thereof the word "Special." (54 Stat. 1161; 8 U. S. C. 742) is hereby Lincoln, Grant, Hayes, McKinley, or amended by adding the following paragraph Teddy Roosevelt. All of these men won The amendment was agreed to. Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. at the end thereof: honors on the battlefield except Jeffer­ ''Notwithstanding the preceding provisions son. William Henry Harrison died in of­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that of this subsection, no fee shall be charged or fice, and so did President Zachary Taylor. the bill as amended be read. collected for an application for a declaration Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, and The SPEAKER. Is there objection of intention in lieu of a declaration alleged William McKinley all were assassinated to the request of the gentleman from to have been lost, mutilated, or destroyed or while in office in line of duty, and each of Kentucky? for an application for a certificate of naturali­ them had been soldiers and had worn There was no objection. zation in lieu of a certificate alleged to have The Clerk read as follows: been lost, mutilated, or destroyed, submitted · their country's uniform .. by a person who was a member of the military It is claimed that President Wilson lost Authorizing the President of the United or naval forces of the United States at any his life because of the great burden and States to award posthumously a Special time after April 20, 1898, and before July worries of the Presidentia: office. I have Medal of Honor to Franklin Delano Roose­ 5, 1902; or at any time after April 5, 1917, failed to find where any bill was passed velt and before November 12, 1918; or who served by Congress granting the medal of honor Be it enacted, etc., That the President of on the Mexican border as a member of the to any American President, and our good the United States is authorized to award Regular Army or National Guard between posthumously, in the name of Congress, a June 1916 and April 1917; or who has served friend the Democratic leader, the gentle­ Special Medal of Honor to the late Franklin or hereafter serves· in the military· or naval man from Massachtisetts [Mr. McCoR- Delano Roosevelt, in recognition of his peer­ forces of the United States during the present . MACK] states that he knows of no such less leadership, his heroic courage as a pioneer war, which, for the purpose of this proviso. action taken on behalf of· any of our of new frontiers of freedom, his gallant and shall be deemed to have commenced on-Sep­ Presidents heretofore. If President unselfish devotion to the service of his coun­ tember 1, 1939, and to have continued until Roosevelt should secure any sort of medal try, and his everlasting contribution to the the termination of hostilities; and who was it would have to be by a special act of cause of world peace. not at any time during such period or there­ Congress. Literally thousands of special after separated from such forces under other The bill was ordered to be read a third than honorable conditions, who was not a bills were passed during his terms of of­ time, was read the third time, and passed, conscientious objector who performed no fice for veterans and the!r dependents, and a motion to reconsider was laid on military duty whatever or refused to wear and it is generally stated that he vetoed the table. the uniform, or who was not at any time them all on the basis that he was opposed - The title was amended &a as to read: during such period or thereafter discharged to showing partiality to a f~w thousand "Authorizing the President of tlie United from such military or naval forces on ac­ veterans who might be able to secure States to award posthumously a Special count of alienage." special acts as against the many other Medal of Honor to Franklin Delano Mr. KEAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer an veterans and their dependents who had Roosevelt." amendment. to stand or fall under the general law. I AMENDING SECTION 342 (b) OF THE The Clerk read as follows: am wondering if President Roosevelt was NATIONALITY ACT OF 1940, WAIVING living, if he would favor any special bill, Page 2, line 9, after the words "United CERTAIN FEES FOR MEMBERS OF THE States", strike out "during the present war, as is being proposed here in Congress for ARMED FORCES · which for the purposes of this proviso shall himself. Would he want to secure ·a be deemed to have commenced on September medal by special act of Congress when The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 391) to 1, 1939, and to have continued until the many other men have achieved on the amend section 342 (b) of the Nationality termination of hostilities" and· insert in lieu battlefield but are denied the medal be­ Act of 1940. · thereof: "after September 16, 1940, and be­ cause they do not meet the requirements The SPEAKER. Is there objection to fore the termination . of hostilities in the of the general law? One of the reasons the present consideration of the bill? prese~~ war." assigned by President Roosevelt for veto­ Mr. KEAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the The amendment was agreed to. ing the bonus bill was that those who right to object, this is one of those bills . The bill was ordered to be engrossed entered the -armed services were per­ which tries to state that the war started and read a third time, was read the third forming their duty to their country, and September 1, 1939, as far as the United time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ there was little difference between those States is concerned. sider was laid on the table. who remained at home and worked. We I have previously given notice that I know that President Roosevelt could not would object to that provision in any CERTAIN NATIVES AND INHABITANTS OF secure a medal of honor under any gen­ legislation. THE YIRGIN ISLANDS eral law that Congress has passed in all If any member of the Committee on The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 712) the yes,rs of Its history. · Immigration is present who can accept an relating to the status of certain natives The SPEAKER. Is there·objection to amendment to strike out September 1, and inhabitants of the Virgin Islands. the present consideration of the bill? 1939, and insert in lieu thereof "After The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There being no objection, the Clerk September 16, 1940," which is the date . the present consideration of the bill? read the bill, as follows: of the draft, I will be 'glad to offer such Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Speaker, re­ Be it enacted, etc., That the President of an amehdment and withdraw my objec­ serving the right to object, may we have the United States is authorized to award tion to the passage of the bill. It would ­ a statement as to what this bill is ail posthumously, in the name of Congress, a change the wording to make it coincident about? Medal of Honor to the late Franklin Delano with the draft. Roosevelt, in recognition of his peerless lead­ Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the pur­ ership as Commander in Chief, his heroic Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I feel that pose of this bill is to clarify the law re­ courage as a pioneer of new frontiers of the committee as a committee has no lating to the status of various natives freedom, his gallant and unselfish devotion objection to the amendment the gentle­ and inhabitants of the Virgin Islands. to the service of his country, and his ever­ man wishes to' offer setting the regular The section of the law which is to be lasting contribution to the cause of world time for the beginning of this war as far amended declares the classes of persons peace. as America is concerned. Inasmuch as referred to in subdivisions California title 5, U. S. C.)." We had all these questions before the said, this bill does not deal with the Veterans' Committee. We found an or- The committee amendment was agreed ganized drive to discredit the Veterans' salaries of the employees in hospitals to. Administration. we sent members of" outside of Washington. The salaries of The bill was ordered to be engrossed the committee to every section of the the employees in the veterans' hospitals and read a third time, was read the-third country to go through veterans' hos- out in the States in either the Army or time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ pitals and find out as best they could the Veterans' Administration do not sider was laid on the table. what was necessary in order to relieve come under the Classifi.cation Act. The title was amended so as to read: the situation. The main complaints we Mr. HINSHAW. I assume, Mr. Speak- "A bill to authorize the Administrator of found were, first, crowded facilities. er, that the large veterans' facilities in Veterans' Affairs to employ on part-time There are, of course, a great many Washington are having the same sort clerks, stenographers, typists, and ma­ hospitals that have been built by. the of difficulty in obtaining and keeping chine operators holding positions in oth,. Army that will later be taken over by the help as we are having in my district. er Federal departments and agencies, Veterans' Administration, but there are Mr. RAMSPECK. That may be true, and for other purposes." some facilities that can be acquired if but the Classification Act applies only to GRANTING CERTAIN PRIORITIES TO FA­ this bill passes that-will relieve the strain departmental employees in Washington; CIUTATE; EMPLOYMENT IN VETERANS' temporarily and enable the Veterans' Ad- that is, to the office of the Veterans' ADMINISTRATION ministration to discharge its duty in that Administration. What I am trying to The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 3118) respect. _ get over to the House is that you are to amend section 100 of Public Law No. Again, we found wherever we went proposing to pay a stenographer, a new 346, Seventy-eight.h Congress, June 22, one other thing, and that was a shortage employee, under this bill, $1,800 or $1,900 1944, to grant certain priorities to the of help of almost every kind. Under when you cannot give an old one an Veterans' Administration, to facilitate the other bill we have taken care of the increase uhder the bill. The same thing the employment of personnel by the Vet­ clerical help in the District of Columbia, would be true in the other departments erans' Administration, and for other but we found that they were short of in Washington. You are upsetting the purposes. help of almost every kind in many of whole wage scale of the Government as The SPEAKER. Is there objection to these facilities. The Veterans' Com- proposed by this bill. the present consideration of the bill? mittee went over this proposition care- Mr. RANKIN. The old one who is on Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker, re­ fully and decided that this was the only the pay roll you might say for life is serving the right to object, in my opin­ way we could relieve that shortage at this entitled to retirement and has a steady ion, this bill ought not to pass. In the' time, and provided for these temporary - j?b. Now ~ou are faced with the sit~a­ first place, the question of priorities, employments. It refers not only to the tlon of havmg to secure employees tern­ raised in the first part of the bill, was class of help to which the gentleman porarily. In order to get employees to attended to about a year ago by an from Georgia anuaed, but it goes down go into these places and do this work order of the War Production Board and to the most menial labor connected with you may have_ to pay them above the the Bureau of-the Budget. the veterans' hospitals. average standard paid permanent em- In the second place, the bill under­ Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, will the ployees in the agency. These employees takes to take out from under the Classifi­ gentleman yield? are temporary and they are necessary, cation Act which fixes salaries in the de­ :Mr. RANKIN. I yield. as brought out by the Veterans' Admin- partments in Washington, additional Mr. HINSHAW. Being thoroughly istration. personnel and permits the appointment acquainted with the Veterans' Adminis- Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. of new people at the top of the grade. tration and the . Army hospital situa- Speaker, will the gentleman yield? So that what the bill would do, in effect, tion; having two of one and one of the Mr. RANKIN. I yield to the lady from would be this: You would have a clerk other in my district, I can say with full Massachusetts. or stenographer who had been in the confidence that the Army is able to out- Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Veterans' Administration for years work­ bid the Veterans' Administration for the Speaker, it seems to me that the real way ing at $1,440 or $1,500 or $1,560, and then type of help necessary for the handling to remedy the evil is to raise the salaries you would employ a new person seated of a veterans' facility, and consequently of the employees of the Veterans' Ad­ at the next desk at $1,800, $1,8~0, or dragged a lot of help_out of the veterans' ministration. They are admittedly very $1,920 doing exactly the same work. Of facility into the Army facility. low paid. We should put the hospital in course, it would wreck the entire struc­ Mr. RANKIN. Yes; and then we have the position where it could automatically ture of pay scales in the departments in certain communistic propagandists writ- raise the salaries-such as the creation Washington. I do not think it ought -to ing for communistic papers over the of a perma~ent medical corps. be done. The present employees in the country abusing the Veterans' Adminis- Mr. RANKIN. Of course, that question Veterans' Administration would resent tration for not doing the very thing is not before the House. As Grover Cleve­ this discrimination and no doubt many this bill would enable it to do. What land said, "We are confronted with a con­ would resign, we are trying to do is to take care of dition, not a theory." 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4831

It is virtually i~ossible in some of upon such terms and condittons as he may In the debates which preceded the these veterans' facilities to take care of. prescribe, all right, title, and interest of the adoption of this law and in the terms of United States in and to a strip or parcel of the act itself Congress did at least three · the vast load that has been piled upon land, the metes and bounds description of those facilities by this war. Later on, which is on file in the Navy Department, con­ very constructive things: when the war closes, which we trust will sisting of two and five hundred eighty-three First. It gave free rein to the com­ not be long, the Veterans' Administration one-thousandths acres, more or less, situ­ posite congressional imagination and will probably take over some of the new ated within the boundaries of the United wrote into the bill a statement of poli­ Army hospitals. These temporary em­ States Naval Advance Base Depot, North cies which showed that- ployees can come in, stand examination, Kingtown, Washington County, R. I. (a) It is definitely the intent of Con­ and take their place along with the other SEc. 2. If any part of the land conveyed gress to discourage unwarranted specu­ pursuant to this ·act is usad for other than employees, or else go off the pay roll. highway purposes, or ceases to be used for lative activities; and I am sick and tired of having some. h ighway purposes, such part shall revert to (b) It is also the intent of Congress flannel-mouth agitator who is lined up the United States. to see to it that small-business men, with a gang that is dedicated to the over­ farmers, veterans, States, counties, cities. throw of this Government, go on the The bill was ordered to bE. read a third charitable institutions, and the various radio, as was done last night, or go into time, was read the third time, and agencies of the Federal Government are the press, and malign and misrepresent passed, and a motion tc reconsider was all given a fair opportunity to partici­ the people who are trying to take care of laid on the table. pate in the acquisition of this multi­ the disabled veterans. The Veterans' EMERGENCY REPAIRS TO FLOOD-CON­ b~llion dollar stocl{ of merchandise. Committee is doing everything it can to TROL WORKS Secon~. It so worded the act that it bring in legislation that will cure the The Clerk called the bill (S. 938) to gave free rein to the ingenuity and in­ situation and enable the Administration provide for emergency flood-control work tegrity of the members of the Surplus to go out and employ men and women made necessary by recent floods, and Property Board to see to it that pro­ to do the necessary work to meet the for other purposes. cedures will be developed by that Board present emergency. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and its subsidiary disposal agencies Mr. Speaker, I hope the gentleman will the present consideration of the bill? which will result in the most equitable not obiect to the immediate consideration Mr: KEAN. Mr. Speak:er, reserving distribution to the above-described group of this bill. I must object to its going the right to object, at the commencement of deserving claimants. over without prejudice. We need this of the present session, the gentleman Third. ·By considering the subject in legislation now. from New York [Mr. CoLE] made a state­ many separate committees, by holding The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment as to what type of bill the objectors lengthy debates on the problems likely the present consideration of the bill? - on this side of the aisle would object to to arise, and, finally, by accepting the Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker, I make and among them were bills carrying congressional responsibility through- the a point of order against the report. · amounts (If money such as carried by the adoption of Public Law No. 457, Con­ present bill. The chairman of the com­ gress itself created the "goldfish bowl Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, that point atmosphere" so wisely recommended by of order is out of order until the bill is mittee evidently has not read that part of the record. For that reason I object. Messrs. Baruch and Hancock in the re­ up for consideratio·n. port of February 1944. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION ACT . SURPLUS PROPERTY BOARD HAS FINAL Mississippi is correct. RESPONSmiLITY Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker, I ob­ The Clerk called the bill

SMALL BUSINESS UNPROTECT_ED UNDLR PRESENT As I understand Public Law 457, Con­ in this program. W n '1 find that both REGULATIONS gress intended that Federal agencies RFC and the Department of Commerce I regret to report to the Members that should be the first claimants of surplus. each have been granted authority to dis­ I am far from satisfied personally with Other political subdivisions, -charitable pose of these same standard items, I the manner in which this program is be­ institutions, farmers, small businessmen, wonder just how the small businessman ing handled on behalf of small business and veterans fellowed next, not neces­ or the farmer is going to go about locat­ up until this time. · sarily in that exact order. It seems to ing· such items and just what chance he My disappointment lies not so much in me that it would be helpful to all con­ has of getting tpem without paying three the fact that there have been obvious dis­ cerned with this problem if the Board or four profits to the man who has the criminations against small business in a would record this fact through the is­ inside track. If this is one of the end number of disposals already effected be ... suance of a simple list of the groups results of Surplus Property Board Regu­ cause those offenses have apparently in question, giving to each group the lation No. 1, which designated the re­ stemmed more from over-eagerness to priority rating to which it is entitled. spective disposal agencies, I say that move the goods rapidly than from de­ It is true that no priorities should be said regulation needs immediate review liberate disregard of the intent of Con­ awarded which could be abused beyond and tightening up. gress. the intent o:t Congress. By this state­ Third. I question the wisdom of selling My disappointment is based primarily ment, I mean that no priority should be surplus goods on such short notice as is upon the inertia which seems to charac­ given to a small businessman which now the custom in most instances. Too terize the work of the top Board itself, would permit him to expand operations many cases have been reported to me of the Surplus Property Board. Although beyond his normal capacity to absorb retailers or wholesalers who are on the the Board has held office for several surpluses so that he might be tempted mailing list to re~eive the Surplus Re­ months now, it has only just now gotten to act as a "front man" for either large porter, o;tficial publication of the Office around to issuing its first regulations and speculative or monopolistic inter.ests. of Surplus Property, Department of Com­ I 8.m frank to confess that these first That could be avoided, howaver, if the merce, where the notice of sale is re­ regulations do not give me a very clear proper system of merchandising controls ceived by the interested customer within idea of just what the Board's policies and inspection of operations were also less than a week before the sale is sched­ and procedures are in respect to small authorized. uled to take place. If he is interested bUsiness. · SIX EXAMPLES OF INEFFICIENT MERCHANDISING in the goods in question, he .must often It may be that my own thinking on travel several hundred miles to make a the subject of surplus disposal is not Let us review the picture as it exists to­ personal inspection and must then secure sufficiently penetrating to be of any day and see if the following analysis has a proper bid form from the agency upon value. It may be that I over-simplify the any merit. I have no right to criticize which to record his bid. The bid, in turn, questions when I say that the Board is publicly the Surplus Property Board, as · · is often sent to an office of the agency failing to see the forest for the trees. I am now doing, unless I am prepared to which is located several hundred miles Maybe this is a complicated job beyond submit for similar criticism some ideas from the place in which the surplus goods the comprehension of the average Con­ of my own which I believe to be con­ are stored. This arrangement is neither gressman and that, possibly, is why we structive. Therefore, I suggest the fol­ practical nor economical for the Govern­ gave this Board so much latitude when lowing: ment or the customer. we passed the act last fall. First. I question the ultimate effec­ Fourth. I question the wisdom of sell­ JOB TREMENDOUS, BUT NOT TOO COMPLICATED tiveness of the present program . which ing any surplus goods upon which OPA has resulted in the delegation of disposal has not yet placed its maximum price . I really do not believe this disposal responsibility to a number of separate job is so complicated and need not be­ ceilings. I have been advised of several Federal agencies. Why should footwear cases where goods were purchased in come so unless the Board, through its and small leather goods be assigned for own confusion of tl1inking, makes it that good faith on sealed bids by either re­ disposal to the Department of Commerce tailers or wholesalers for resale only to way. while boot and shoe cut stock and leather Let us admit that it is a job on a is assigned to Reconstruction Finance have the OPA later come through with tremendous scale, but Americans have Corporation for disposal? Why should a price ceiling on said goods which caused tackled big jobs before and licked them. a man interested in these related items the purchaser to choose between selling This war is a witness to that fact. them at a loss or being in violation of have to visit separate and often widely OPA regulations. . PRIMARILY "A MERCHANDISING JOB" separated regional offices of separate Fifth. I deplore the po}jcy of the armed Let us admit that this is primarily a agencies in his search for goods needed in a single-purpose business? Why should services which permits one of these agen­ merchandising job, one that requires cies to overlook the claiming of certain the use of the best qualified merchan­ not a centralized disposal agency be au­ thorized with regional offices of the vari­ surpluses such as machipe tools when dising talent in the country, with the notice of the availability of these ma­ members of the Board at the top of the ous agencies consolidated for efficiency and economy's sake? We talk about Fed­ chines is recorded with the agency; only, organization furnishing the leaven of later, to come in to a public sale of these· good judgment and the minimum of di­ eral economy on the one hand and we admit the need for more trained person­ same machines to which the public has rectional influence in accordance with been invited and then claim the same the admirable broad statement of policies nel for the respective disposal agencies ls,id down by Congress for the Board at the same time. Could we not con­ machines which were overlooked and re­ in the act. solidate the work of these related agen­ fused in the first instanc.e. When the cies and procure our needed additional small:-business man, especially the manu­ PRIORITY RATINGS MUST BE ESTABLISHED personnel through such a consolidation? facturer or his authorized representative, In the beginning, I think the Board Second. I question the wisdom of let­ has been notified by wide-scale news­ should have issued a clear-cut list of ting the armed services or the Maritime paper advertising that such and such a priority ratings similar to those used Commission sell any type of declared sur­ machine tool for which he has great need by the War Production Board except plus unless it be ships and boats, even in his own manufacturing operations is that these surplus priorities ratings when these items have been classified by to be offered at public sale on a definite should be issued on behalf of those groups the agencies as "scrap, waste, or salvage," date, and when this man travels hun­ which Congress intended should have as is permitted· under the terms of the reds of miles to make a bid on this par­ either preferential or equal treatment act. When I learn, as I have just been ticular piece of . equipment, it is indeed instead of being issued for the war ef­ advised, that a man can buy new, un­ bad public-relations for that man to learn fort exclusively. used valves and fittings in their original upon arrival that the machine in ques-. It may be that the three regulations packing boxes from these particular tion is not going to be offered for sale issued by the Board to date do contain agencies at a price of 22 cents on the after all just because some official of the such a simple list of priority ratings, dollar because they have been declared armed services overlooked claiming it but, with all my legal_ experience going excess to the needs of the agency, I when it was first offered to him in regu­ back many years, I am frank to confess wonder just' what supervision the Sur­ lar fashion several weeks prior. Such that I cannot detect any such list in plus Property Board is exercising over practices do not lend credit to the selling those regulations. the agencies it has delegated to act for it agency which, in all fairness in such 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4833 cases, it must be admitted acted in good what is "waste, scrap, or salvage" should could supply him with other items from faith in advertising the item. be discontinued. his balanced stock, items which might Sixth. I deplore the i:O.accuracy of de· (k) Samples of surpluses should be not be readily·available as surplus. scription or the lack of description given made available for inspection at strategic (x) Industry advisory committees to the surpluses which are offered for sale points. should be established for each class of in the catalogs of the respective disposal (1) More time should be allowed be· surplus property and should be consulted agencies. When a qualified customer tween issuance of notice of sale and ti!lle freely. In order to establish policy for takes a chance and submits his bid to the of sale. the most equitable distribution, these disposal agency on the strength of the de. Better descriptions of surpluses to committees should include representa­ scription given him by the agency and be offered should be made available to tives of retailers and wholesalers and later finds that he has bought a piece interested purcliasers. manufacturers where manufacturer it:l­ of equipment that either has essential (n) Credit departments should be terest exists. Small business should be parts missing or doe~ not conform other· established in the disposal agencies so given an equitable representation on wise to the description given him, I am that: (1) merchandise may be billed in such committees in proportion to the role advised that he has no recourse for his the ordinary commercial manner· and which small business normally plays in money. This is also an example of poor (2) the required time may be allowed for the distribution of the items in question. public relations. payment by the purchaser. This type of assistance is available at no There are other, possibly less impor· (o) A procedure should be established cost to Government and could include tant, examples which I could record to which would allow retailers or whole­ the services of the best merchandising show you the reasons for my dissatisfac­ salers to order merchandise on their own brains in the country. tion with the handling of this program order blanks. (y) Surpluses, in which there is no to date, but, as promised, I should prefer (p) The disposal agency should pack general or continuing consumer interest to devote the remainder of my time to and ship goods bought by merchants. because of prior use, military adaptabil­ offering what I believe to be a construc­ (q) No surpluses should be offered for ity only, or general lack of salability, tive program upon which I think the Sur­ sale upon which OPA price ceilings have shall not be disposed of under the above plus Property Board could well afford to not been established. program. These surpluses shall be held act. My own program is as follows: (r) The armed services should be off of the market until some agency, such required to exercise greater diligence in RECOMMENDATIONS: 25-POINT PROGRAM TO PRO• as the Bureau of Standards, shall have VIDE EQUITABLE TREATMENT FOR ALL TYPES OF examining the lists of declared surpluses done sufficient research to determine if BUSINESS at the time this information is routed to they could be converted to other than (a) Surpluses, in which there is a gen­ them prior to the announcement of original intended usage, except in the eral and continuing consumer interest, public sale. case of those items for which there is an (s) Consideration should be given to apparent ready sale for export. In the. should be sold only at fixed prices. the use of surplus war plants as storage (b)- The ultimate consumer should not case of export, these surpluses shall not depots in those ~ases where a ready be prohibited from participating in any be reimported to this country. When market for the plant ir· question does not - offered at public sale, these surpluses surplus sale. exist. (c) A fixed price should be set on mer­ (t) When a retailer, a wholesaler­ may be sold in odd ~ots at public auction chandise sold direct to the consumer. acting upon behalf of his small retail out­ or under a sealed-bid system. They (d) A discount off the consumer price should not then be reoffered at ret~dl or lets-or a consumer, feels that the per­ otherwise should be established for retailers. centage of the total declaration allocated as "government surpluses." (e) An additional discount should be to be sold to his class of buyer-see (h) SURPLUS PROPERTY BOARD SHOULD EITHER ADOPT established for wholesalers. (There above--is unfair, or when he fears that SUCH A PROGRAM OR STATE WHY IT IS NOT should be a clear-cut definition of what large or monopolistic interests have been WORKABLE constitutes a "wholesaler.") favored in such original allocation, he In offering the foregoing recommenda­ (f) A further discount should be es­ shall have the right to request the tions, I do so in the sincere belief that tablished for a -manufacturer if the mer­ Smaller War Plants Corporation to re­ only through the adoption of some such chandise is of a sort that it must be re­ view the terms of the allocation determi­ clear-cut program will the Surplus Prop­ worked substantially before it is suitable nation with a view to having the Smaller erty Board be offering to small business for reoffering to the trade or the public. War Plants Corporation exercise the pur­ the fair and equitable treatment which (g) No concessions, other than those chase powers granted it in Public Law the Congress intends for small business listed above, should be granted because 457 on his behalf if his claim seems justi­ to receive at the hands of the Govern­ of quantity purchases. fied to that agency. ment in this great task of surplus dis­ (h) When determining fixed prices, (u) Before discounts are granted to . posal. As I stated in the beginning of which presupposes different prices for any buyer, that buyer must have previ­ these remarks, this is the greatest mer­ the several selling levels, the precentages ously submitted evidence of a satisfactory chandising job in history. My program of the total declaration to be sold to each nature to the disposal agency to warrant is devised to use the merchants of this class of buyer should also be determined. his being classified in the particular Nation to do this job, wherever possible. This could be ascertained by and pre­ group whose discount privileges 'he is re­ It also makes adequate provision for the dicated upon the normal prewar meth­ questing. use of the smaller merchants from whose ods using in merchandising each par­ (v) Special discounts should be . shelves the customers of this Nation are ticular type of merchandise; that is,. granted by retailers to veterans who preponderantly served. how much was sold direct by manufac­ make purchases of surpluses for their CHAINS AND MAIL-OI'..DER HOUSES REPORTED turer to ultimate consumer, how much own personal use. It might be desirable SEEKING SPECIAL CONCESSION&--WILL BOARD by wholesaler, how much by retailer, how to limit the total amount that any one RESIST THEIR PRESSURE? much by manufacturer to wholesaler, veteran could purchase and still receive It is reliably reported to me ahat rep­ how much by manufacturer to retailer, the discount, both as to dollars·and items. resentatives of the chains, mail-order and so ·forth. War Production Board The same formula might be used in the houses, and large distribution outlets are and other agency files now contain es­ case of a veteran who desired to exercise now urging upon the Surplus Board the sential data in this regard. In making his rights as a consumer and make direct adoption of regulations which will per­ such a determination, the role held by purchase from the Government. mit their type of concern to acquire sur­ the disposal agency would be substituted (w) Consideration should be given to pluses in larger quantities at prices which for that held normally by the manufac­ use of a similar formula in the case of a will enable them to undersell the small turer in peacetime. veteran who wished to purchase certain retailers who might handle identical sur­ (i) 'rhe disposal of each type of sur­ types of surplus durable or capital goods plus items. Quantity discounts are per­ plus property should be concentrated in to establish himself in a small business, missible, under the law, only where the a single agency. in agriculture, or in a profession. In the manufacturer can effect large savings (j) The practice of permitting the sal­ case of a veteran desiring to engage in through dealing in such a manner. vage officers of the Army, the Navy, or business on his own account, it is There are no manufacturers involved in the Maritime Commission to dispose of assumed that he would probably prefer transactions like these and I am h·opeful usable consumer goods, or to determine to do business with a wholesaler who that the Board wi!l not be swayed by "4834 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE MAY 21 specious arguments from this special· received by any agent or attorney on account when the automobile, parked at the curb interest group. of services rendered in connection ·with this within legal lines in front of her dwelling, claim, and the same shall be unlawful, any . was struck by a .United St ates Army com­ Congress gave the Board a mandate to contract to the contrary notwithstanding. mand car at Windsor, N. C., on October 24, protect small business. It will be inter­ Any person violating the provisions of this 1943: Provided, That no part of the amount esting to note just how the Board carries act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor appropriated in this act in excess of 10 -per­ out that mandate in the weeks to come. and upon conviction thereof shall be fined cent thereof shall be paid or delivered to or Mr. BARDEN. Mr. Speaker, I under­ in any sum not exceeding $1,000. received by any agent or attorney on account stand a rule has been granted on this of services rendered in connection wit h this bill. I ask unanimous consent that the The bill was ordered to be engrossed claim, and the same shall be unlawful, any bill be passed over without prejudice. and read a third time, was read the third contract to the contrary notwithstanding. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to' time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ Any person violating. the provisions of this sider was laid on the table. act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor the request of the gentleman from North and upon conviction thereof shall be fined Carolina? L. S. STRICKLAND AND MR:::i. MARGUERITE in any sum not exceedi~g $1,000. There was no objection. BOGGS With the following committee amend­ PRIVATE CALENDAR The Clerk called the bill Rome, Ga., on United States The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 1599) of the amounts claimed by him in his quar­ Highway No. 27, on April 17, 1943. to confer jurisdiction upon the United terly reports as compensation for the period With the following committee amend­ States District Court for the Eastern Dis­ May 1, 1940, to December 5, 1940, but disal­ ments: trict of Virginia to hear, determine, and lowed by the Gener;:~.l Accounting Office. Page 1, line 5, strike out "$242.26" and render judgment upon the claim of Nor­ The bill was ordered to be read a third insert "$120." folic-Portsmouth Bridge, Inc. tim, was read the third time, and passed, Page 1, line 6, strike out "and $150 to Mrs. There being no objection, the Clerk and a motion to refJ:msider was laid on Marguerite Boggs." read the bill, as follows: the table. Page 1, line 8, strike out "injury and." Be it enacted, etc., That jurisdiction is At the end of the bill insert "Provided, MRS. ZELMA INEZ CHEEK her.eby conferred upon the United States Dis­ That no part of the amount appropriated in trict Court for the Eastern District of Virginia The Clerk called the bill

·. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4837 W. C. \VORNHOFF The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There being no objection, the Clerk The Clerk called the bill

1 unlawful, any contract to the contrary not­ Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask payment of such sum shall be in full settle­ withstanding. Any person violating the pro­ unanimous consent that this bill be ment of all claims against the United States visions of this act shall be deemed guilty · for property damage resulting from the de­ of a misdemeanor and upon conviction there­ passed over without prejudice. . struction of the Piper coupe airplane NC- of shall be fined in any sum not exceeding The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there 37977, on May 21, 1944, when it was struck $1,000." objection to the request of the gentleman where it was parked on Wing's Field, Am­ from Indiana? bler, Pa., by a landing United States Navy Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I offer There was no objection. airplane, model F-4U-1, bureau number 02438. the following amendment to the first committee amendment. CAPT. EDWARD MACAULEY With the following committee amend­ The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk called the bill consul at Barranquilla, Colombia, is trary notwithstanding. Any person violating to. hereby relieved from accounting for 2,023 the provisions of this act shall be deemed The bill was ordered to be engrossed pesos, the equivalent of $1,191.77, which were .guilty of a mi~demeanor and upon conviction and read a third t~me, was read the third stolen from the safe in ·the consulate at thereof shall be fined in any. sum not exceed­ -Barranquilla d'uring the night of June 3, ing $1,000. time, and passed, and a motion to re­ 1942. .consider w~s laid on the table. The bill was ordered to be engrossed AUGUST W. DIETZ The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, was read the third and read a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ The Clerk called the bill

niz~d by the Committee on Appropria­ The purpose of this legislation is to re­ or any sort of improvement and it has tions for the purpose of making these pair the damages wherever they have oc­ been damaged or destroyed, this bill emergency repairs. It is essential tliat curred in all the river basins in the covers it. If there is no improvement these repairs be made immediately so United.States during the current year. there, there is no provision for new works that crops in some cases may be grown The Senate Committee on Commerce in this bill. · for the current year. conducted hearings and submitted a re­ As I have stated, Public, 138, Seventy­ I wish to 6ay in this connection that port. The House Committee on Flood eighth Congress, first session, dated July in 1943 we had great floods, particularly Control conducted hearings, we submit­ 12, 1943, is identical in language and sub­ in the Midwest, and on July 12, 1943, an ted a report and we invite your attention stance with the pending bill, and as authorization of $10,000,000 was passed to that report. It shows that the Chief shown by the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of by unanimous consent in. this House in of Engineers submitted a written state­ June 30, 1943, page 6847, it passed the the exact language of sections 1, 2, and ment to the committee, in addition to ap­ House by unanimous consent. It will be 3 of the pending bill. There was in­ pearing before the committee and sub­ k-ept in mind that as passed by the Sen­ serted in the consideration by the Sen­ mitting his testimony, that $12,000,000 ate the pending bill embraced section 4 ate the language that now appears in would be required in order to provide for . whch reappropriates the unexpended section 3 of the pending bill which pro­ the emergency wo-rk, damaged flood-con­ balance of the appropriation of $15,000,- vides for priorities to be given to farmers trol works, in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, 000 in the Second Deficiency Appropria­ in t:3e flood-control area. I may say Illinois, California, Texas, and other tion Act, 1943. The Committee on Flood . that the Flood .control Committee has States and particularly in Louisiana, Control amended the Senate bill by included that provision in the Senate where they were damaged or .destroyed striking out said section .4, inasmuch as , bill which we have reported. during the current year. The estimated it is an appropriation in an authoriza­ I have moved to suspend the rules and damages are set out in the table on page tion bill and is thus subject to a point of pass the bill with the two committee 5 of the committee report. The amounts order. Moreover, the reappropriation is amendments recommended by the Com­ are set out there, with the estimated for the Committee on Appropriations. mittee on Flood Control. One amend­ damage in the Ohio Valley and else- I repeat that Public 318, Seventy­ ment corrects a typographical error in . where. I believe in the Ohio Valley they eighth Congress, second session, is an line 4 of section 1, making the word "ex­ had more lives lost than elsewhere, 24 exact copy in language and in substance panded" read "expended." The second lives having been lost. of sections 1 and 2 of the pending bill, amendment of the committee strikes out Mr. ELSTON. Mr. Speaker, will the and as shown by the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ section 4 involving the reappropriation gentleman yield? . ORD of May 15, 1944, page 4581, it passed of $12,000,000. The gentleman from Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the by unanimous consent. Missouri" [Mr. CANNON] has introduced gentleman from Ohio. In neither case was the bill passed on a resolution for reappropriating this Mr. ELSTON. I notice that notwith­ the unanimous consent calendar, but the amount. The Committee on Flood Con­ standing the large loss of life in the Ohio Speaker recognized me, and in one case trol has no jurisdiction, and hence my Valley only $44,000 is estimated to be the I was recognized on Menday, May 15, motion to suspend the rules and pass cost of making emergency repairs as 1944, to pass the said Public 318 by unani­ the bill as reported by the House Flood against a total of $7,000,000 for all the mous consent, and in the case of Public Control Committee. Under the rules the other rivers. Can the gentleman indi­ 138 I was recognized on Wednesday, June bill cannot now be amended. cate why that is so? 30, 1943, to pass the bill by. unanimous We conducted hearings, we submitted Mr. WHITTINGTON. I will be glad to consent. a report, and the hearings are available answer that. Fortunately, because of It will be kept in mind that the pend­ to members. the works that have been constructed ing bill is a Senate bill. Parsonally I vVe considered the Senate bill, there the damages were not more in Ohio, the see no occasion for section 3, but inas­ being a number of House bills before. us. principal damage being at Portsmouth. much as the War Production Board has We thought that inasmuch as the Senate It will only require $44,000 ·as against advised me that priorities have been bill had passed, it would facilitate mat­ $193,000 that they have expended in given for farm machineTy in flood areas, ters by considering and reporting the rescue work, in getting people from the there is no objection to including Sec­ ·senate bill. tops of ho.uses and from overflowed areas. tion 3. This section does not involve an Section 4 of this bill is a reappropria­ It is 'essential that the language as car­ appropriation. ·It merely restates the .. tion of some $13,000,000 of an appropria­ ried in section 1 be just as written so policy that is now followed by the War tion made in 1943 to relieve flood suf­ that in the event a flood occurs next De­ Production Board. It was included in ferers. This amount was reappropriated cember or January, temporarily the said Public 138 in July 12, 1943, as a com­ · by the· Committee on Appropriations in Chief of Engineers may use available promise covering a number of amend­ 1944. The item was · included in ·this funds for rescue work and repairs. ments inserted by the Senate, this pro­ Senate bill, but the Committee on Flood vision having been inserted by the Sen­ Control eliminated it, and it is eliminated Mr. TALLE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? ate. Inasmuch as Congress approved in the pending motion to suspend the section 3 in 1943 by unanimous consent, rules and pass the bill, because I fol­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa. there was not enough involved to malce lowed the instructions of the committee. a controversy by strildng out section 3 That reappropriation is a matter for the Mr. TALLE. May I inquire whether this bill would authorize improvements of the Senate bill which we are consid­ Committee on Appropriations. We did ering. not want to infringe on the prerogatives along the Mississippi River between St. Louis and the Twin Cities? Since 1938 it has been the policy to of that committee, so we struck out sec­ make annual appropriations to provide tion 4, making this reappropriation. Mr. WHITTINGTON. If there are any · levees or other works constructed by for emergency flood relief. The annual As I stated, sections 1 and 2 of this bill authorization has· been increased to $1,- are in identical language with Public Law your local people or by the Federal Gov­ ernment that were damaged or destroyed, 000,000 in the act of December 22, 194.4. 318, Seventy-eighth Congress, second It is estimated that this amount is suffi­ session, approved May 29, 1944, author­ then this bill authorizes them to ·be re­ paired. No new works are authorized. cient for ordinary damages to flood izing $12,000,000. That is the language works, but in 1945 as testified by the carried in this bill and the only author­ No flood-control works ~ave been gen­ ization language carried in the bill. erally built during the last 2 or 3 years, Chief of Engineers and as disclosed by Again, as I stated a few moments ago, national flood works having been sus­ the hearing's, there was a record flood sections 1, 2, and 3 are identical in lan­ pended for the duration. along the lower Mississippi River be­ guage, the amount in the pending bill Mr. TALLE. I have five counties bor­ tween the mouth of the Red and the being $12,000,000 and, in the act ap­ dering on the Mississippi River. There is Gulf, and along the Atchafalaya and proved in 1943, $10,000,000. That is a little town in one county where the along the Red River. There were maxi­ Public Law 138, Seventy-eighth Con­ levees · were threatened not long ago. mum floods along the Arkansas, the gress, first session, The bill was passed There were overflows at other points. · the White, and the Mississippi north of by unanimous consent without a dissent­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. . If the people in Cairo, and especially between Cairo and ing voice, in each case. that town constructed the levee or wall St. Louis. 4842 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--I-IOUSE MAY 21 Section 1 really involves a reappro­ There is a provision in section 1 which Mr. JENSEN. ·Mr. Speaker, will the priation of existing flood-control appro­ · on the face of it is subject to a point ·of gentleman yield? priations. As I have previously stated, order on the ground that it is an ap­ Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentle- the provision that enables the Secretary propriation on a legislative bill. 011' the man from Iowa. ·- of War, pending the appropriation of the other _hand it has been the custom ·for Mr. · JENSEN. Is this· $12,000,000 ap­ authorization carried in the bill, to allot years past to allow such a provision to propriation to be spent in the .fiscal year from existing flood-control appropria­ go thTough on emergency legislation, 1946? . tions emergency· funds has been carried and I hope that no one will see fit to Mr. CLASON. If'it is provided. Pre­ in the said two previous emergency acts ..raise that point of order. Section 2 has sumably it will be spent immediately; in in 1943 and 1944. already been explained. other words, these levees have been This is substantially the language that . Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. breached or washed away and it is nec­ is carried in river and harbor acts where Speaker, will the gentleman yield? essary to give immediate protection to existing appropriations may be used and Mr. CLASON. I yield tu the gentle­ these localities and prevent further flood reimbursed for making preliminary ex- · man from South Dakota. damage due to the fact. that there are aminations and surveys. A similar pro­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Is it the no levees or breached levees at the pres­ vision is contained in practically every intention of the committee to strike out ent time, to repair them at once, not flood-control bill that has been passed the final section of this bill? only on the Mississippi, but wherever for examinations and surveys. There is Mr. CLASON. Section 4 is not in the they may be. no loss to the Public Treasury. The bill as it was reported by the committee. Mr. JENSEN. So as soon as the ap­ provision is in the public intere.st. If a It was in the bill as it passed the Senate, propriation is made, the work of repair­ flood occurs and if it is necessary to but as it came out of the House Commit­ ing these levees can proceed even before repair, funds should be available for tee on Flood Control section 4 was 1946. immediate repairs. There will be no stricken. Mr. CLASON. Yes. It would be done increased appropriation. The funds Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, immediately. The purpose of the legis­ when appropriated will reimburse for will the gentleman yield? lation is to have this emergency work emergency repairs that are made within Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentle­ done at once. That is the purpose of the limit of the appropriation. man from Mississippi. bringing the legislation up today in th~s Mr. WHITTINGTON. This is a motion manner. The pending bill does not provide for to suspend, and I stated that section 4 new construction. It provides for emer­ Mr. JENSEN. I am happy that that was eliminated in the motion to suspend. is the case, because-we need a lot of this gency work on flood-control works, in­ Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the cluding levees and flood walls, whether work in many sections of the country, gentleman yield? especially in mine. . they were constructed by the Federal Mr. CLASON.· I yield to the gentle­ Government or by the local interests, or Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, will man from Michigan. the gentleman yield? whether they were constructed by indi­ Mr. DONDERO. Did the gentleman's viduals. Provision is made for works committee hold hearings on this bill? Mr. CLASON. ·I yield to the gentle­ that have been threatened or destroyed Mr. CLASON. We did. man from Missouri. or that may be threatened or destroyed Mr. DONDERO. Did the committee Mr. ZIMMERMAN. May I say to the by later floods in 1945. The whole pur­ find that $12,000,000 would be adequate gentleman from Iowa that the purpose pose of the authorization is in line with to repair the damage that was done? of this legislation is to repair these levees the policy heretofore adop.ted by Con­ Mr. CLASON. That is the figure that before the June rise on the Missouri gress to make repairs to flood-control was reported to us by the Chief of En­ River comes down and does the usual works damaged or destroyed by floods. gineers, General Reybold. It covers not damage so that the crops grown in these If a portion of a levee is washed away only work with reference to the great areas will be protected. and it is rebuilt, it may be rebuilt and · flood-on the Red River down south but Mr. JENSEN. I am glad to know that. relocated to a larger grade and section also, as shown in the report, on other Mr. CLASON. The testimony shows than the remainder of the existing levee, rivers. It is true that most of the money that floods are expected on the upper so that when the existing levee is en­ is going to be spent down in the lower tributaries of the Mississippi in June. larged in the future the stretch or seg­ Mississippi and on neighboring tribu­ Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the ment repaired and strengthened will be taries, but nevertheless that just hap­ gentleman yield? utilized in the permanent flood-control pens to be the place where the floods did Mr. CL·ASON. I yield to the gentle­ works. the most damage to these particular man from Michigan. It is necessary for works that have works. Mr. DONDERO. In answer · to the been damaged or destroyed to be re­ Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman from· Iowa, I think there is paired immediately. Food was never gentleman yield? a provision on page 2 of the bill which more important. Crops are to be Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentle­ authorizes the Secretary of War to allot planted. They should be protected. man from Minnesota. from existing flood money sufficient to The bill should pass by unanimous Mr. HAGEN. Does it also include the proceed with the work immediately, and consent. Red River of the North in Minnesota and then reimburse those funds from the pro­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ North Dakota? ceeds of this bill. tleman from Mississippi has eKpired. Mr. CLASON. The list of those rivers Mr. CLASON. No. This is not an Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, I yield is mentioned in General Reybold's testi­ appropriation bill. Therefore, as I un­ myself 10 minutes: mony as contained on page 5 of the re­ derstand, the chairman of the Commit­ Mr. Speaker, this bill is of a type which port. but if there is any da.mage done tee on Appropriation [Mr. CANNON] has I believe commands the sympathy and anywhere this language is broad enough a resolution which he will bring up later the respect of the House. I believe that to permit the work to be done. You see, which contains what was section 4 of it is legislation whict. ought to be passed the type of work that is to be done is the this bill as it passed the Senate, and that to give relief to a large group of citizens repairing of public works or local works, will have to be passed by the House in 'of this country who have suffered from and if the dam.age which has been suf­ order to furnish them ' with the $15,- flood disaster. This bill is limited so far fered has not been either to public or 000,000. aP fund3 are concerned in section 1, as private flood-control works it does not Mr. DONDERO. Will the gentleman the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. provide for furnishing money to fix up explain the meaning of lines 4 to 9 on WHITTINGTON] has SO well pointed out, farmhouses or farm lands or anything page 2? · to repairs of Government and local of that sort. Mr. CLASON. That is an appropria­ levees which have actually been Mr. HAGEN. Section 3 applies to our tion, as I said previously. There is breached or damaged. Undoubtedly farmers in Minnesota and North Dakota money available at the present time there will be some extension work neces­ concerning priorities for farm ma­ which has been appropriated and can be sary on some of these levees in order to ·Chinery. used. Nevertheless, to reimburse the give the proper protection until the final Mr. CLASON. It does. I intended to funds out of which that money will be work is carried out. clear that up later. used, it will be necessary at a later date . . 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4843 to pass in some other form section 4 of Mr. CLASON. It is my understanding containing section 3. I personally have this bill as it passed the Senate. that if it is a P\lblic dike owned either not seen and never have had explained to Mr. DONDERO. And take money out by the Federal Government or by some my satisfaction any need for section 3 of of this bill to -do it, which would be local group which is a public group, they this bill. proper? will repair it; Mr. ·WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Mr. CLASON. That money out of the Mr. TALLE. I have appealed for re­ will the gentleman yield? so-called Cannon resolution in order to pairs on dikes among other things and Mr. CLASON. Yes. reimburse the money which will be. spent the War Department has said that such Mr. WHITTINGTON. Is it not true under this bill. work is a postwar matter, but flood pro­ our information is that the War Produc·­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, tection is an emergency job now, and tion Board has already done just what will the gentleman yield? I should like to be assured that the worlt section 3 provides? We included it. be­ Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentleman will be ·done. cause the Senate had it in their bill. from Mississippi. Mr. CLASON. I cannot assure the Mr. CLASON. The committee included Mr. WHITTINGTON. So.in no event gentleman that his interpretation will"be it in tbe bill over my motion to strike it would the amount exceed $12,0.00,000, the accepted by the Army engineers. They out. I intend to offer .an amendment to amount authorized in this bill. are the last word. If they say it is not strike it out now that the bill is under Mr. DONDERO. That is the way 1 an emergency repair but a permanent consideration in this form because as I understand it. repair that the gentleman is ·asking, of see it, I do not know and it has never Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, will the course, I suppose he will have to wait been explained by any testimony given by gentleman yield? , until after- the war. any Government official or any other per­ Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. TALLE. But the committee has son, what effect section 3 wculd have. man from West Virginia. in mind broken dikes, and so on? The Senate put it in the bill and there Mr. RANDOLPH. Is it the gentleman's Mr. CLASON. Yes; those broken dikes was no testimony in the Senate hearings understanding that the use of these funds which require immediate attention to as to what section 3 means. So far as I now, while "the levees are not having the prevent emergency damage. know, we w.ould be a good deal better off _ impact of floods against them, would Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the if we do not tamper with it for today · ultimately reduce the cost, because ulti:.. gentleman yield? without section 3 our farmers can buy mately we would have to do this job in Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentieman any farm machinery they can find with­ any event? from Minnesota. out a priority. Mr. CLASON. It is true in regard to Mr. KNUTSON. I am glad to note If we put section 3 in the bill and make some of them that it is just going to re­ that there is an estimate here for the it law it may be necessary for the War place the levees which will continue as upper Mississippi of $570,000. I presume Production Board to set up some sort of part of the general scheme for flood pro­ that work will start on all these projects system of priorities which will tie up the tection in the Mississippi, but it is my as soon as the money is made available~ farmers worse than they are at present. understanding that later, in some in­ Mr. CLASON. The purpose of course The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ stances, some of the levees which will is to make it available for immediate use. tleman has again expired. now be repaired will not be a part of the It will then be up to the Army engineers Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, I yield my­ main system of flood control in the Mis­ to use the money as soon as they can self 3 additional minutes. sissippi, and they will have to build addi:. profitably do so. Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, will tiona! levees, perhaps larger and behind The SPEA"KER. The time of the gen­ the gentleman yield? where these now are. This is just an tleman has expired. Mr. CLASON. I yield. emergency measure to prevent losses Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Of course, until from June floods or subsequent floods, myself 2 additional minutes. a few days ago the farmers did have to before we can carry on after the war Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speak~r, will the our big flood-control program. get priorities for certain types of farm gentleman yield? machinery, and that is the reason this Mr. RANDOLPH. Then the money Mr. CLASON. I yield. spent upon these emergency levees will language was placed in the bill. It was Mr. HARRIS. As indicated by the done to get away from that requirement · not be a lost sum? gentleman from Mississippi, is not this Mr. CLASON. No, it will not. of the War Production· Board. Now, purely an emergency provision or au­ since they have removed that restriction Mr. RANDOLPH. The gentleman thorization in order to take care of the thinks it fits into the program of the de­ existing.levees that have been destroyed I cannot see any reason why this should velopment of new flood-control walls? be stricken from the bill, because they or broken so that the farmers may pro­ might change that order and the farm­ Mr. CLASON. For the most part it ceed to plant their crops this year and will entirely fit in. Only a small part at have protection without their crops be­ ers would be freed from it. It seems to most will be used for emergency work. ing destroyed when the June and July me it is wise to lwep it in the bill so Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, will the rains come along? that the farmers can get this machin­ gentleman yield? Mr. CLASON. That is the purpose, ery without prioriti.es. I thinlt it would Mr. CLASON. I yield-to the gentle· certainly, so far as the farmers are con­ be a wise thing to keep it in the bill for man from Louisiana. cerned. So far as the cities are con­ the protectioB of the fanners in case Mr. BROOKS. I have just clipped cerned, they are going to protect them somebody did change their mind. from the newspaper an Associa~ed Press also against any floods. Mr. CLASON. I do not agree with the article indicating that on some of these Mr. Speaker, turning to section 3, we gentleman. There are several reasons rivers the flood warnings already have have a proposition which requires a little in addition to those I have already stated. been sent out, thus indicating the ap­ study, and which to my mind has never This will require the War Production proach of th£. June rise at the present been satisfactorily explained. As a mat­ Board to allocate farm machinery· to time. Therefore, it is very important ter of fact, we have not had any testi­ these very farmers, and it is quite pos­ that the bill receive immediate atten­ mmiy, so far as I know, in the commit­ sible that farmers in other sections who tion in order that the levees be repaired tee to indicate the need for section 3. · It have gone without machinery for 2 or 3 and put back into shape to do the job was contained in the Senate bill. It is years can produce more if they can get . of protecting those areas. my understanding at the present time in the same farm machinery than can be Mr. CLASON. I thank the gentleman order for a farmer or any person to buy produced in these districts. Therefore for his contribution. farm machinery now," it is not necessary without any testimony having been of­ Mr. TALLE. Mr. Speaker, will the for him to secure a priority from the fered in the committee on the subject, gentleman yield? War Production Board. Likewise, the I feel, in fairness to all the farmers., Mr. CLASON. I yield to the gentle­ question has been raised as to whether' this section 3 should be stricken. man from Iowa. or not if you pass section 3 in this bill Mr. ELSTON. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. TALLE. Will 'the gentleman in­ you are not going to require the War Pro­ gentleman ~ield? form me whether a breakage in a dike duction Board to set up a system of pri­ Mr. CLASON. I yield. that protects a little town on a bank of orities. In other words, you may· make Mr. ELSTON. This section as now the Mississippi would come within the the position of the farmers throughout written would give preference to farm­ scope of the provisions of this bill? the country worse by passing this bill ers whose machinery has been destroyed. 4844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 by a windstorm, regardless of where the trol Committee, stated that 15,700,000 saw under water before. · r spent consid­ windstorm occurred? acres of land throughout the United erable time down there in the mud and Mr. CLASON. That is correct. States have been inundated in the fioods water doing my best to help the people Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of of this spring. They testified that dam­ in every way possible. This personal my time. · ages had run up to $103,000,0GO. They contact gave me information which I Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I have come before the Flood Control Com­ could not have gained in any other way. yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from mittee and asked for this small sum of Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, will the California [Mr. ELLIOTT.]. ' moneY, $15,000,GOO, to repair the levees, gentleman yield? Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I want to build up again the dikes, put things in Mr. ALLEN of Louisiana. I yield call attention to the fact that on July readiness to take care of a rise which briefly to the gentleman from Texas. 12, 1943, what is section 3 in this bill was may come later during the year. Mi-. POAGE. The tabulation in the passed as section 4 in another bill. It To show you the seriousness of this hearings shows an estimate of the was the identical section dealing with matter, Mr. Speaker, as I mentioned amount of money to be spent on various farm machinery and equipment. It is heretofore during the course of this de­ river basins. In order to get the facts, practically the same language, word for bate, I have just clipped out of the local I simply want to ask the gentleman if word, as appears in the bill we are talk­ edition of the press a long article cover­ that tabulation is intended to be con­ ing about at this time. ing the possibilities of a fiood within the fined to money that will be spent upon I want to say to the Members of the next few weeks on some of these same those river basins or will the funds be Western States that this legislation is rivers. This article refers to numerous available for any area that has suffered very much needed for the reason if we rivers. Among them are streams in :floods during the year 1945? would have fiash fioods we would find Texas and in Arkansas. The :flood warn­ · Mr. ALLEN of Louisiana. Oh, no; the ourselves in a position where no funds ings sent out by the Weather Bureau tabulation in the hearing is not restric­ would be available for the Corps of Army have already been hoisted in some of tive. It does not mean that the money Engineers to assist our local or State these areas, and it is vitally necessary, is going to be used on that list alone. governments in protecting the levees or Mr. Speaker, that the engineers get in We simply provide this money so that dams that might be damaged by the and repair the damages done by the early the engineers can repair the damage run-off of heavy snJw, such as we have spring :flood to prevent the water from where the:" find it in the United States in some of the Western States. coming through the same breaks through in connection with 1945 :floods. This bill is no different than any other. which it came before. Mr. Speaker, I want to say a word with emergency :flood-control bill that has Mr. Speaker, personally, I regret ve ry reference to the parliamentary situation. passed this House during the 8 years I much that the committee decided to de­ This is a Senate bill. I insisted in the have been a Member of this body. As lete section 4 from the bill. I · under­ Flood Control Committee of the House I pointed out, this provision set forth in stand that under the parliamentary situ­ that we give consideraton to the Senate section 3 is identical with section 4, which ation at the present time an amendment bill because it would expedite this leg­ became a law in 1943. I feel it is very to this bill is not in order. I have such islation. The House Flood Control Com­ important that that section remain in an amendment to restore section 4 of the mittee voted to strike out section 4 of the this bill. A farmer might have all of his bill in my hand; and, were it in order, I bilL I deeply regret that action. I de­ farm machinery destroyed, including would offer it for a vote now. It also is plore that section 4 has been taken from tractors and plows, by a :flood. With this vitally needed, and I hope tl;lat the Com­ the bill. I voted in the committee to keep provision in the bill as it is at present, mittee on Appropriations, in considering it in the bill and I wish I had an oppor­ the War Production Board could allo­ this matter within the near future, will tunity here again to vote for section 4. cate new farm machinery to that farmer give it prompt and urgent attention so as This comes before the House on a mo·­ who had lost all of his farm machinery to reappropriate the funds provided for tion to suspend the rules and pass the in a fiood. That might come to any of in section 4, which were deleted from bill as reported out by the House. _The us in a Flood Belt. For that reason, it is the bill at the time it was considered by bill will, therefore, have to be voted up a very important item to retain in the the committee. or down. Under the parliamentary sit­ present bill. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ uation, there is no chance to offer an I hope the membership of the House tleman from Louisiana has expired. amendment to get section 4 back into the will pass this bill, because it is much­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I bill. I have such an amendment in my needed legislation. yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from pocket which I would offer if it could be I yield the remainder of my time, Louisiana [Mr. ALLEN]. . done, but the Parliamentarian says there Mr. Speaker. Mr. ALLEN of Louisiana. Mr. Speak­ is absolutely no way to do. it. Th.e only Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, I yield er, I was very glad to hear the gentle­ thing that can be done, therefore, under myself a half minute. man from Massachusetts EMr. CLASON] the parliamenta'ry situation is to pa~s Mr. Speaker, I said I was going to say that he would withdraw his objection this bill as it is and then seek an appro­ offer an amendment to strike out sec­ to section 3 of the bill. priation through the Appropriations tion 3. I am rather inclined to the be­ Section 3 of the bill undertakes to di­ Committee. The gentleman from Mis­ lief that even if I wanted to perhaps I rect the War Production Board to allo­ souri, Chairman CANNON, of the Ap­ could not; but in view of the fact that cate to the farmers, farm machinery to propriations Committee, has a reso­ several' Members have told me they feel meet this situation. Someone argued lution pending to do that, and I shall this might be an advantage in the bill thc,t it is not necessary. I respectfully urge him to get it to the :floor at the ear­ I do not intend to offer that amendment submit that it will not do any harm and liest minute possible. I have been dili­ even though it might be possible to do so. it might do a lot of good. gent in working on this matter since the The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ We ought to be willing and ready to fiood happened and I hope for immedi~te tleman from Massachusetts has expired. tell some of these boards and agencies action by the Appropriations Committee. Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, I yield in Washington to do certain things. the balance of the time on this side, 3 Mr. Speaker, in 1943 when we had a Mr. Speaker, as has been said, this is situation in the Missouri River Valley minutes, to the gentleman from Missis­ pure.ly an emergency proposition. It that was bad I fought as a member of sippi [Mr. WmTTINGTON] . ought to pass unanimously. Red River Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I the conference committee on that bill to runs through the congressional district get the money for the people in that yield 3% minutes to the gentleman from which I represent. . We experienced on~ Louisiana [Mr. BROOKS]. oi the worst fioods in all history during section of the country. I was glad to do Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, in many the present year. The water was so high that. Now we in Louisiana are facing areas of the country this bill is a most that in going over the country in a a bad situation, a situation in which important. In certain parts of the motorboat, over highways and over rail­ many- of our people have been driven United States this year there have been roads, I had to duck my head a number from their homes, their stock drowned record-brealting :floods. On numerous of times when we went under teiephone in many cases, their crops destroyed and rivers in different sections of the coun­ wires. You could not ·tell where the delayed, their barns damaged or de­ try all-time flood records have been es­ ra.~ Iroad was or where the highway was stroyed, and in some cases even their tablished. For instance, the Army engi­ except by the telephone poles and that homes have been destroyed and many neers, testifying before the Flood Con... was in a country that old people never badly damaged. · 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4845 The unprecedented rains on Red efforts of the United States engineers, of my district has lately been cnvered by River and its tributaries brought a the damage in the southern portion of water. Many thousands of acres have deluge of water down on us far sur­ the State was not as great as in the been inundated, and this land is the most passing anything the Army engineers northern part· of the State of Louisiana. fertile to be found anywhere in Am~rica . had ever expected. Vve had the levees, . Most o_f the damage in the recent floods Those farmers are in distress. They need and· the levees had been built to with­ in the South were in the Red River Val­ tractors, they need farm machinery, stand the highest waters which the Army ley, especially in the States of Arkansas, they need equipment. I hope that when engineers thought possible. But the Louisiana and Texas. The southern part you cast your vote on the amendment water came much higher than the engi­ of Arkansas suffered great damage. In that will be offered by the gentleman neers had ever expected, and the result north Louisiana that section from from Massachusetts that you will keep was that the levees were topped or Shreveport south to Alexandria had mil­ section 3 in this bill. To do so means broken in many places. Now the Army lions of acres of the finest agricultural that these farmers from the flooded areas engineers are having to reexamine all lands inundated, and thousands of homes can mal{e a crop this year. I also want of their flood-control plans on Red River were destroyed, and tlte loss of life and to commend the Committee on Flood and that whole matter is now tinder con­ property was extensive. Control for bringing this bill to the House sideration by the engineers and we hope I wonder how many Members of this witL such dispatch.' It passed the Senate to have a further report from them later House have seen these floods and the on May 10, and hearings were held in this year. I have urged that they pre­ damage suffered by those affected? How the committee on the following Monday. sent us a plan that will give us protection many of you have seen thousands of This is urgent legislation as these levees even against the greatest possible flood. homes and barns under water with only must be repaired without delay. I have requested the Chief of Engineers the roofs out. Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, will the to see if he could find more sites for Mr. Speaker, water from 31 States gent!eman yield? additional dams lil{e Denison Dam. drains through the State of Louisiana, Mr. GATHINGS. I yield to my col­ That dam evidently held down the crest and it is not a local problem, and when league from Arkansas. of the water around a foot and a half. great damage is done to our flood-control Mr. HARRIS. I understand the gen­ If we could find one or more similar system as a result of these floods the least tleman from Massachusetts made an an­ sites for dams upstream on the Red that can be done is to rebuild our defen­ nouncement a moment ago that he would River or its tributaries, it would greatly sive system of levees, when damaged, to not offer an amendment to strike out help. I am hoping very much that the control and protect us from recurring section 3. He therefore will, so far as he engineers will be able to work out a floods. is concerned, permit it to remain in the complete system of protective works on Mr. Speaker, I do not think it necessary bill. Red River so that we shall never again for me to discuss the merits of this biU Mr. GATHINGS. I hope that he does have a major flood. Of course, .the war any further, as I think the chairman, not offer such an amendment. The has handicapped our flood-control pro­ the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. farmers in the areas affected by the re­ gram. The President impounded all WHITTINGTON], of the Flood Control cent flood waters should be given every flood-control money early in the war. Committee has made a full and able pre­ inducement and encouragement to meet That could not be helped. But I hope sentation of the legislation, and as a the farm goals in order to produce the the Army engineers will within a rea­ member of the Flood Control Committee expanded needs of foods and fibers for a sonable time be able to work out plans I wish to say that having experienced five Nation at war, for the armed forces, the for complete protection on Red River major floods in my State I am most sym­ civilian population, and the starving peo­ in the light of this new flood so that pathetic to the other States who are ples of liberated countries. when the war is over we can go forward similarly affected from time to time, and Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I with our plans. Of course, I am inter­ I have consistently supported legislation yield myself 1 minute. ested in the Mississippi River, the to give relief and prptection to those sec­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to say in con­ Ouachita River, and all other rivers, tions of the country affected by flood:.. clusion, as I said in the beginning, that and as a member of the committee I waters as well as for their protection in the language in sections 1 and 2 is iden­ have always sought to help wherever the future. · tical with the language passed in 1943 possible. Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, I might say and 1944. This bill covers emergency The SPEAKER. The time of the that I and the entire Louisiana delegation work for the floods that occurred in 1945 gentleman from Louisiana has expired. supported and workecl for similar legisla­ or that will occur hereafter during this Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I tion and appropriations during the years year. The language with reference to the yield to the gentleman from Louisiana 1943 and 1944' for the Missouri River use of funds previously appropriated is [Mr. LARCADE]. Valley, and the legislation under con­ the language that occurs in the river Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Speaker, notwith­ sideration is for the same purpose as and harbor bill where we make provision standing two of my colleagues from covered in that legislation. for preliminary surveys in connecticn Louisiana have preceded me, I wish to The committee considers it urgent with those works; in other words, the call to your attention the fact that the that the repairs to the ·levees and flood­ language concerning the use of emer­ legislation under consideration is not for control works recently damaged be made gency funds to be reimbursed out of the the sole benefit of Louisiana. as soon as possible so that the structures appropriations made as authorized in On the contrary, this bill is for the will provide effective flood protection as this bill is language that obtains in flood authorization of appropriations for the soon as possible in the areas affected, for control emergency bills. entire United States for the year 1945 to it is possible that there will be further Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ meet the necessary expenses of flood­ damaging ftoods during this ·year, and tleman yield? fighting activities and emergency repairs therefore immediate relief should be Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the and restoration of flood-control works provided. gentleman from Arkansas. damaged or destroyed, and reference to Mr. Speaker, I trust that this bill will Mr. HAYS. Is it the opinion that this the hearings before the Flood Control be enacted unanimously. language with reference to the strength­ Committee on the bill under considera­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I ening of levees is broad enough to cover tion will disclose that approximately yield 1 minute to the gentleman from the raising of levees? $2,850,000 have already been expended Arkansas [Mr. GATHINGS]. Mr. WHITTINGTON. The gentleman by the Chief of Engineers for rescue Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, I trust is correct, where the levees were dam­ work and flood fighting in the recent that the committee will keep section 3 in aged or destroyed and have to be rebuilt. severe floods on the Sacramento-San this bill. May I say that the people who The SPEAKER. All time has expired. Joaquin, Gulf coastal streams and the farm in my district are greatly in need Mr. CLASON. Mr. Speaker, a parlia­ Mississippi River system, including such of farm machinery. There is a serious mentary inquiry. major tributaries as the Ohio, Missouri, shortage of farm labor all over . the The SPEAKER. The gentleman ·wm Arkansas, and White Rivers and their country. Such a condition can only be state it. tributaries. remedied by maldng available sufficient Mr. CLASON. Several persons have I come from the southern portion of farm implements for the use of the farm­ asked me if it is in order to offer amend­ the State of Louisiana, and we were for­ ers. Especially is this true in the flooded ments to the bill on the ftoor. It is my tunate in the recent floods, through the areas of the country. About one-fourth understanding that it is not. · 4846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 The SPEAKER. No amendments are property occurring incident to their service; RECORD in two -instances and include in 1n order unless they were included in the H. R. 2129. An act for the relief of Edward one a radio address he delivered yester­ motion, and such amendments are now Lawrence Kunze; day afternoon and in the other an edi­ H. R. 2361. An act for the relief of Alex­ pending, ander Sawyer; torial from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. The question is on suspending the rules H. R. 2701. An act for the relief of Mar­ Mr. MILLER of California asked and and passing the bill. garet J. Pow; was given permission to extend his re­ The question was taken; and on a H. J. Res. 177. Joint resolution repealing marks in the REcORD and include an division (demanded by. Mr. JoHNSON of a portion of the appropriation and contract editorial. Indiana) there were-ayes 127, noes 1. authorization available to the Maritime Com­ Mr.·MURDOCK asked and was given So (two-thirds having voted in favor mission; and permission to extend his remarks in the H. Con. Res. 57. Concurrent resolution au­ thereof) the rules were suspended and thorizing the printing of additional copies RECORD. the bill was passed. of Senate Document No. 47, current Mr. GEARHART asked and was given MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE session, entitled "Atrocities and Other Con­ permission to extend his remarks in the ditions in Concentration Camps in Germany," RECORD in two instances, and to include A message from the Senate, by Mr. being a report of the joint committee which in one a paper by Dr. John Lee Coulter Gatling, its enrolling clerk, announced visited Germany to investigate concentra­ entitled "Unfortunate Use of Statistics,'' that the Senate had passed without tion camps. and in another certain reports and tabu­ amendment bills, a joint resolution, and The message also announced that the lations by the Tariff Commission and the a concurrent resolution of the House of Senate agrees to the report of the com­ Department of Commerce. the following titles: mittee of conference on the disagreeing Mr. ELSTON asked and was given per­ H. R. 244. An act . for the relief of Adell votes of the two Houses on the amend­ mission to extend his remarks in the Brown and Alice Brown; ments of the Senate to the bill Lisbon meeting was to and destitution upon the common people had distinguished these industrialists long get the affairs of the Sofina Co. in proper of Germany, although I certainly believe before any_ Nazi movement existed. order, particularly its subsidiaries lo­ that Germany should be required to the The question that confronts us today cated in western Europe and Latin­ extent of her ability to rebuild what has and the question that we must answer America, but another very evident pur­ been destroyed in other countries and in correctly if World War III is to be avoid­ pose of the meeting was to facilitate the the period of rehabilitation the needs of ed is whether we are going to permit protection of German interests in neutral the people whom the Nazis have con­ history to repeat itself. Those in many countries or even in Allied .countries out­ quered and oppressed should certainly countries who believe in "business as . side the borders of Germany. For it is come ahead of the needs of Germany it­ usual,'~ even with the late enemy, are significant that the Lisbon meeting was self. I do not think it is possible or prac­ already busily at work, and have been for held just prior to General Eisenhower's tical to render Germany merely an agri­ a long time. It will take, in my judg- landing on the Normandy beaches and cultural nation nor do I want my speech . ment, all the earnestness and determina- therefore just in the nick of time to enable to be interpreted as proposing to take tion of patriotic Americans to prevent the Germans to complete their arrange­ from Germany the means of support or a another throttling of world commerce by ments for operation from such a vantage ,balanced economic order. I simply be- German-dominated cartels and another point as Spain and to keep their cartel lieve that the revival of German military building up of Germany's power to make agreements intact. For as I shall show power must be prevented by every means war by the very same methods that were as l go along in this speech those cartel at our command. And certainly it is employed after World War I. agreements have in most instances been only suspended for the duration of the going to be impossible to accomplish this TWO MEETINGS purpose unless the Allied Powers know war, not denounced or. nullified by the what they are dealing with-unless Ger­ Out in San Francisco, representatives of fact that a world of human beings has man industry is prevented from utilizing the nations of the world are at this very been engaged in a life-and-death strug­ its old methods to spread itself all over ·hour wrestling with the problems of world gle around the globe. Neither political the continent of Europe and beyond the peace, attempting to form an organiza­ boundaries, nor battle lines, nor decla­ seas, thus leaving an utterly uncontrol­ tion which can be depended upon to rations of war, nor peace treaties, iwr na­ able task confronting the Allied occupa­ prevent aggression and war in the future. tional governments have affected in the tion authorities and later the Allied But over against the San Francisco meet­ past or are affecting today this world­ bodies which must seek to prevent there­ ing we must, unfortunately,.put the story wide struggle for economic monopoly of another meeting held in Lisbon, Por­ power. ar:tnament of Germany. Furthermore, tugal, not so long ago. This meeting took there is all the -difference in the world STEPS TO WAR between a balanced domestic economy place in May and June of 1944. One of in the moving figures behind the Lisbon We have sworn that it shall not hap­ Germany on the one hand and the fan­ meeting was, it appears, one Daniel pen again. But it is happening and tastic power which German cartels ex­ apparently it is happening according to erted over the economies of most of the Heineman, an American citizen and chief representative in the United States of the plan. The Junker generals have al­ nations of the world in the period be- Sofina Co. diminish. the buying power of the The Senate report refers to Bausch & Spanisll subsidiary of Schering A. G. consumers. · Lomb as "the American cartel partner'' · Berlin and the American Schering Co., 6. The two organizations realize that agree­ of Zeiss & Co. The Krupp Co., suppliers of Bloomfield, N. J., should merge in or­ ments upon prices or other factors between of the bulk of German heavy armament der that relationships with the German · Germany and Great Britain are only· a s~ep, · during both World Wars was able to nul­ company might be closer. I do not mean although a most important step, toward a lify the restrictions of the. Treaty of Ver~ to say this proposition was accepted or more ordered system of world trade. They sailles by transferring its patents, its anything of the kind. But I merely give would welcome the participation of other licenses, and its secret processes of manu­ you that to indicate in some degree what nations in such agreements. facture to · a ·swedish armament firm, is go~ng on. Only a fraction of it will b!il • in this speech. 8. The two · organizations· realize that in Bofors, in exchange for shares of stock certain cases the advantages of agreements in that company. Thus Krupp never · ·I have here a little lea:fiet published in between the industries of two countries or of stopped its manufacture and research New York City. It carries the title "Be­ a gr.oup of countries may be nullified by into new types of armaments. Where it tween the Lines. The Christian Lay­ comp_etition from the industry in some other was not convenient or possible . to phys- man's Information Service." It came to - country. that refuses to become a party to 4850 CONGR-ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY.21 the agreemef\t. In .such. circumstances it merely point out that in testifying be­ refieqted in tne phenomenal.increase in Ger­ may be ~ necessary for the organimtions to fore a Senate committee only 2 days ago man pa~ent registr~tions in·:foreign countries obtain the help of their . governments and the Attorney General made this state­ during the past 2 years. . These registrat!ons the two organizatibns agree to collaborate reached an all-time high in 1944-, The pro ~ 1n seeking· that help. · ment: .hibition against exporting capital from Ger­ 9. The two. organizations agree that it is The Ju~tice Department knows, as a mat­ many was withdrawn several months ago, and their objective to ensure ·that as a result· of ter of fact, that many cartel agreements a substantial 0utfiow of capital has followed an agreement between their industries un~ necessarily disrupted during the European to f01-eign countries. healthy competition shall be removed. Their phase of the war are now being resumed. German tet:hnicians, cultural experts, and ·aim is to secure as complete cooperation as Meetings have been held, plans have been undercover agents have well-laid plans to possible throughout the industrial structure laid and in some cases agreements already infiltrate foreign countries with the object of their respective countries. entered into. As to some of these agreements of developing economic, cultural, and politi­ 10. The two organizations have ~greed to my "department will have something to say cal ties. German technicians and scientific use their best endeavors to promote and before long. research experts wlll be made available at low foster negotiations /between individual in­ I have no doubt the Lisbon meeting cost to industrial firms and technical schools dustries in their respective countries. They. in foreign countries. German capital and are encouraged in this task owing to 'the I referred to was one of the meetings the plans £or the construction of ultramodern fact that a considerable number of agree~ · Attorney General referred to. I want technical schools and research laboratories ments between individual German and Brit~ to read one more of these agreements be­ will he offered at extremely favorable terms, ish industrial groups are already in existence. tween the Germans and British at Dus­ since they will afford the Germans an excel­ There is thus available a large body of ex­ seldorf. lent opportunity to design and perfect new perience w:hich . inspires confidence that an . THE GERMAN PLAN weapons. This Govern.ment is now in pos­ immediate extension of this policy is both session of photostatic copies of several vol­ practicable and advantageous. There has been no hesitation on the umes of German plans on this subject. The They are glad to state that approximately part of the Germans in making their German propaganda program is to be an in­ a further 50 industrial groups have already plans· to turn surrender into preparation tegral part of the over-all postwar program. signified th_eir willingness in · principle to for the next war this time just as they The immediate aim of the propaganda pro­ negotiate at an early date. did in 1918. · Indeed in August of last year gram. will be directed at removing Allied con­ They also report with satisfaction that ne­ meetings were held at Strassburg at­ trol measures l;>y softening up the Allies gotiations have already been started and are tended by representatives of the Nazi through a subtle plea for fair treatment of now taking place between 10 industrial Germans, and later the program will be ex­ groups. Party and · le.ading German industrial panded and intensified with the object of concerns, such as Krupp, Messerschmitt, giving rebirth to all Nazi doctrines and· fUr:. The outbreak of the war prevented. the Rhein Metals, and others. At these thering German ambitions for world domina­ . ultimate execution o;f the terms of this meetings various plans were made. It tion. Unless these plans are checked they agreement. Recent events indicate, how­ was admitted that the war could not be will present a . constant menace to postwar ever, that the point of view which made won by Germany and therefore it was peace and security. · such an agreement possible is very much planned that contracts and alliances be It seems to me that there has been. a alive despite the knowledge which we made at once 'with foreign firms, that the strange lack of interest so far in the have gained concerning German aims and groundwork be laid for borrowing large "s.everal volumes of German plans" - despite the many exposures which have . sums of. -money from foreign countries which the State Department mentions. been made of German methods of war­ after the war, that German industry thus It would be utterly impossible for ·me fare. reestablished be prepared to finance a to deal in 1 brief hour with the ramifica­ Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, will the German underground movement and tions of all these plans for the reestab- gentleman yield? · that the Nazi Government at once allo­ . lishment of the cartel empires and the Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield cate considerable sums to German indus­ rebuilding of the war powers of the to the gentleman from California. tries to enable them to -establish a secure enemy that has just surrendered, sup­ Mr. PHILLIPS. The gentleman is postwar foundation in foreign countries. posedly unconditionally. The best I can making a very interesting statement. Is At this meeting it was decided that the do is touch some of the high spots. it the gentleman's contention that this previously existing prohibition against GERMAN ASSETS IN NEUTRAL COUNTRIES organization in Germany was only the capital exports from Germany should German industries or were there other be lifted. The fact that this was .done For the past 2 years at least the Get­ nations involved in this meeting and will be clear as I go ahead. As a result mans have been busily engaged in estab­ agreement to which the gentleman of this and other German activities which lishing enterprises under their own di­ refers? I shall describe in a moment our own re-ct control in Spain, Sweden, and other Mr. VOORHIS of California. What I State Department issued oii. March 3·0, countries. Some of these have been set am referring to now is a meeting between 1945, the following solem!l warning:. up as ostensibly independent enterprises and some as branches of German home the Reichsgruppe Industrie, which was The Department of State announced today like a manufacturers' association of Ger­ that reliable information collected by Allied industries. Most of them are either many,. under the Nazis and the British Governments clearly indicates that the Nazi metallurgical industries, steel industries Federation of Industries, just those two, regime in Germany has developed well ar­ or chemical plants. It appears that as meeting at Dusseldorf in 1939. ranged postwar plans for the perpetuation much as 40 percent of the entire indus­ Mr. PHILLIPS. This meeting to which of Nazi doctrines and domination. Some of try of Spain is at present in the hands of the gentleman referred a moment ago, these plans have already been put into oper­ Germans. Some of the products of this or conference, were those Uriited States ation and others are ready to be launched on industry at any rate have found their a widespread scale immediately upon termi­ way to such countries as Argentina. In groups or were they· groups which had nation of hostilities in Europe. previously had high German ownership? Nazi Party members, German industrial­ some instances the Germans have osten­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. No. I ists, and the German military, realizing that sibly sold these enterprises and have re­ understand that some of those were victory can no longer be attained, are now tained abroad in the form of foreign ex­ purely American industries. develop-ing postwar commerciaL projects, are change most of the capital obtained from Mr. PHILLIPS. And the gentleman endeavoring to renew and cement friend­ these sales with the obvious purpose of thinks there is a recurrence of this sitmi­ ships in foreign commercial circles and are utilizing -this capital at some auspicious planning for ren~wals of prewar cartel agree­ time for the rebuilding of German· in­ tion, that is a redevelopment of the ~it­ ments. An appeal to the courts of various uation? countries will be made early in the postwar dustry eithe1· abroad or at home. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Yes. · period through dummies . for "unlawful" The magnitude of German economic There is a pretty feverish operation go­ seizure of industrial plants and other prop­ penetration in neutral countries is indi­ ing on among the people who have par- · erties taken over by Allied Governments at catec;i by certain reports which reveal ticipated in cartels heretofore to get the the outbreak . of war. In cases where this that German industry owns or controls machinery reestablished in order to pro­ method fails German repurchase ·will be at­ approximately 500 subsidiaries and affil­ tect their own monopoly position as tempted through "cloaks" who meet the iates in the four European ·countries­ quickly as they can. necessary citizenship requirements. The ob­ ject in every instance will be to reestabl,ish Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzer­ Mr. PHILLIPS. The gentleman does German control at the earliest possible date. · land-and this is in addition to vast well to bring that out. German attempts to continue .to share in amounts of securities: bank deposits, pat­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I am the control and develop:q1ent.of technological ent rights, and other forms of assets much. obliged to the gentleman. !viay l c~ang_e i~ the imme~iate postwar period is which the Germans are known to be 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4851 holding in these countries. Our Govern­ Can it be that the manager of this seded national boundaries and national ment is in possession of information to factory in Nuremberg which has been laws. These three corporations are the the ~ffect that during the war Germans pro~ucing for Germany all through the Imoerial Chemical Industry of Great in Spain were in the habit of sending in war, is correct in what he says? It would Britain, the du Pont Co. of the United diplomatic pouches to Lisbon somewhere be difficult to believe so. Certain, how­ States, and I. G. Farbenindustrie of between 50,000 to 100,000 French francs ever, we ought to find out, for the Germany. a day. These francs had been seized by American people have a right to know it On April 25, 1944, I addressed the Germany in France during the occupa­ if American and British capital have House on the subject of monopoly, and tion. In Lisbon they were changed into continued to be invested in factories pro­ in the course of that speech I reviewed pesetas and brought back again to Spain. ducing for the Nazi military machine. the indictment brought by the Depart­ Again beginning in 1942 there are in­ Especially is this true since we know that ment of Justice for the violation of Amer­ dications that the Germans and their col­ the International Telephone & Telegraph ican antitrust laws against the ·Imperial laborators began t'o build up merchan­ received loans amounting to almost $50,- Chemical Industry of Great Britain and dise stocks with firms in Spain, Portu­ 000,000 from the Export and Import Bank the du Pont Corporation of the United gal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and of this country and that a high official States. In the course of those remarks Egypt consisting mainly of chemical ap­ of that bank, having resigned his gov­ I stated, among other things, the fol­ paratus, light metallurgical. machinery ernmental post now occupied an im­ lowing: and electro-technical material. Many portant position with one of the sub­ The cartel agreement further provides, ac· of these supplies eventually found their sidiaries of International Telephone & cording to the Department of Justice, that way to Turkey. To a lesser extent, but Telegraph. if either of the two giant corporations de­ important . in aggregate, these foreign Somewhat different is the case of the velops any products, these products would _ stock piles included typewriters, adding so-called American Bosch Co., estab­ be included in the agreement. But most machines, all types of motors and other lished in 1906 as a subsidiary of the Ger­ serious of all perhaps in the complaint of items looted in the Protectorate and Slo­ the Department of Justice is correspondenc.e man Bosch Co., of Stuttgart, Germany. between Lord McGowan, the head of Im­ vakia. It appears that these stocks were This is a long and complex story of the perial Chemical, and Mr. Lammot du Pont turned into foreign exchange whenever sale by the German company of stock in which indicates that neither of these corpo­ necessary. The Czechoslovak authorities the so-called American Bosch Co. to a rations has the slightest intention of per­ believe that one purpos~ of these com­ bank in Holland, of the appointment of mitting governmental action by either the missary stocks was to render more diffi­ American directors for the American British or the American Government to in­ cult American and British exports to company, of the. failure of the Dutch terfere with their cartel arrangements. This these countries -in the post-war perio(i. correspondence as quoted in the Department bank, of the sale by the German Reichs­ of Justice complaint is worth reproducing The over-all fact is that some form of bank to the Wallenbergs, of the Enskilda German industrial or financial penetra­ here. Bank of Stockholm, Sweden, of the stock In July 1933, Lord McGowan wrote to Lam­ tion since the outbreak of the war in of the American Bosch Co. It is a story mot duPont as follows: 1939 has extended to practically all the of how this Enskilda Bank of Stockholm "I have warned my people that no fiscal Allied countries as well as to the occupied owns and controls three holding com­ alterations in the United States of America countries and the neutrals. In the occu­ panies in the United States, one of them must be allowed to affect the interpretation pied countries, particularJ.y, the situation known as the Providentia, Ltd., a Dela­ to · be placed on our patents and processes regarding property ownership has be­ agreement, and the working out of the coop­ ware corporation. In this allegedly eration for which the agreement provides. come so confused that only the greatest American holding company the Enskilda vigilance will be able to prevent the even­ • • • I find it is a good thing to issue Bank placed the stock of the American such warnings. • • • so that everything tuality which I am warning against in Bosch Co. and Marcus Wallenberg made possible is done to insure that no prospec­ this speech. r' will illustrate this fact arrangements for the appointment of an tive political or legislative action on the. part more fully a little later on. American citizen as the sole voting of governments is permitted to influence re­ "AMERICAN" COMPANIES? trustee of all of the outstanding shares lations between duPont and I. C. I." Another device which will no doubt be of stock in Providentia. The final chap­ To this letter Mr. duPont replied in part: "I feel the same. • • • If any legisla­ employed in every possible way by the ter, however, was 'the discovery of the tion or international agreements are brought Germans will be to try to represent in­ real truth by the office of Alien Property about which affect these I. C. I.-duPont rela­ dustries within Germany as well as Ger­ Custodian in 1942 and the vesting of the tions, I am sure we will be able to adjust man-controlled industries in other coun­ shares of the so-called American Bosch ourselves so as to get the continued benefit tries, including our own, as being "Ameri­ Co. by the Alien Property Custodian upon of our agreement." can owned" or "British owned," when as the basis of conclusive proof developed In order to control the Argentine market, a matter of fact the real control is in by our Government to the efi'ect that Imperial Chemical and du Pont organized .a German hands. For example, in the New the real control was still in the hands of company known as Duperial. Through this· company competition b3tween Imperial York Times, May 13, 1945, there was the German Bosch Co. Chemical and du Pont was eliminated so printed an article by John MacCormac CHEMISTRY: BLESSING OR TERRmLE DANGER? . far as Argentina was concerned, and it was entitled "German Industry Poses a It is altogether probable that the great agreed that every effort should be made to Dilemma." Permit me t·o quote from prevent other American manufacturers from that article: industrial frontier of the future is the exporting chemical products or manufactur­ field of chemistry. The handful of huge ing such products in Argentina. It became The problem of what to do with German chemical corporations of the world are industry presents other complications. It apparent, however, that German I. G. Farben was closely integrated by the Nazis with the the major producers of all types of syn­ was attempting to make arrangements with indust;:y of France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, thetics, including fibers, fuel, rubber, and an Argentine company whereby it might enter and Austria. Is it to be completely disen­ manifold other products which may we·ll the field in that nation. On this point the tangled? revolutionize human life. These corpo­ Department of Justice complaint contains A substantial fraction of it is owned or this language: "To prevent such competition rations control the production of plastics, from developing I. C. · I. acting on behalf of partly owned by American and British capi­ explosives, insulation materials, dye­ tal or has close affiliations with American itself and duPont entEred into an agreement and British groups. When the public· utili­ stuffs, fertilizers, and enough other prod­ with I. G. Farben whereby the latter agreed ties officer of the Nuremberg Military Gov­ ucts to almost run the entire gamut of to withdraw from its negotiations with La ernment tried to explain to the manager of human needs. It is no wonder, there­ Celulosa (the Argentine company) in return the S. A. & F. factory (the Suddeutschen fore, that tbe most powerful single Ger­ for a promised participation in any coopera­ Apparaten Fabrik) that it would probably man monopoly and the most active of tive arrangezp.ents made with La ·Celulosa." not be allowed to manufacture cables and This was in 1938, only 1 year before British electrical equipment for the outside world all German agencies in the cartel field and German soldiers began fighting one an­ as it h ad been doing for the Wehrmacht, the has been the gigantic I. G. Farbenindus­ other on the European Continent. In con­ manager grew indignant. trie. Certainly, however, it should give sequence of this agreement a corporation "I shall report this to Major General --," us pause when we realize that this whole was organized and became known as Elec­ he threatened. field of chemistry was before the war troclor which was in effect given monopoly S. A. & F., he asserted, was an International held in the tight control of three corpo­ of the chemical industry in Argentina and Telephone & Telegraph factory and Major also control over paper-pulp manufacturing. General -- of the United States Army rations which dominated the entfre world With the outbreak ·or the present war, ar­ had been a director. That was enough for in this field and }Uld a working cartel rangements made to allo~ate to I. G. Farben h im. agreement between them which super- a certain percentage of stoclt in Electroclor 4852 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21

were not finally consummated, but the De­ I . G. FARBENINDUSTRIE Co. So far as we know nothmg has yet partment of Justice charges that the foreign­ As been done since the liberation of France relations department of the du Pont Corpo­ one studies· this tremendous prob­ ration reported to the executive committee lem be is literally staggered at the ex­ to declare null and void this transaction on February 9, 1940, as follows: tent of the power of the I. G. Farbenin­ of December 10, 1941, and since Fran­ "The du Pont Co. Informed I. G. Farben dustrie of Germany. I can only begin to color owns extensive interests in Latin that they intended to use their good offices tell the story of its industrial penetration America as well as other parts of the after the war to have the I. G. Farben par- program. At the present moment there world, we have here an evident oppor­ ticipation restored." . are 3 subsidiaries of I. G. Farben oper­ tunity for I. G. Farben to resume again This, it is true, occurred prior to the time ating in . Portugal, 4 in Sweden, 6 in its penetration of the whole chemical that the United St ates went to war with Switzerland, and 14 in Spain. One of field and to take full advantage of the Germany, but It _was less than a year before the largest stockholders of the A. B. fruits of German victory over France that time, and it was at a time when the American Congress was pas&ing legislation Astra Corp., the Chemical and Dye Tru&t in 1941 in spite of Germany's final to aid the nations resisting German aggres­ of Sweden, has recently sold his major defeat. sion. control in that concern to I. G. Farben, Still another case is the rayon industry according to reports which can hardly in Europe. The German interests in the The Department of Justice suit is at be questioned. What are we going to do rayon industry in Europe have been ex­ the present time before the Supreme about these holdings of this gigantic tensive for a number of years. Up to Court of the United States, but there is German corporation in these neutral 1940 Germany was the dominating part­ strong reason to believe that this cartel countries? For unless we have some a.n­ ner in the rayon cartel trust whictl com­ agreement has been only suspended dur­ swer to this problem, the power of I. G. prised the producers of Britain, France, ing the war period and that the Ameri­ Farben is already on its way back toward and Belgium. After 1940, the I. G. can and British partners feel themselves world control. The Chemical Industry of Farben and Dynamit Nobel companies bound to take up their agreement with Basle, Switzerland, one of the outstand­ of Germany succeeded in establishing the I. G. Farben, as soon as peace is con­ ing chemical firms in Switzerland, com­ control of the entire industry in occupied cluded, where they left it at the outbreak prises three huge plants located in that Europe. To this end new companies of hostilities. -Indeed, so far as South city. This combine is financially con­ were established in which a considerable America js concerned, there is no evi­ nected with the Swiss Banking Corp., of amount of German capital was invested. dence that the German interest in which I will have more to say later. This In France, for instance, the I. G. Farben Duperial has been discontinued or inter­ chemical trust of Basle, commonly known succeeded in acquiring one-third of ~he fered with. And it is, therefore, at least as Ciba, has operated all through the· war capital of 500,000,000 French francs of •. possible that other German companies in the United States, italy, and England. the Societe France Rayonne. Other located in South America have .been in It is closely connected with I. G. Farben, companies in which the Germans have a position to obtain patents and the with which it has had ·a cartel agreement an -interest are located in the following know-how from the duPont Co. by virtue for many years. Under that cartel countries: Slovakia, Hungary, Rumania, of the fact that I. G. Farben was allowed agreement the South American market Sweden, Norway, Finland, Holland, and to retain its interest in the tripartite for chemicals has. been reserved to I. G. Belgium. In addition the Germans have control of Duperial Corporation. Farben and since the Ciba company has · acquired an interest in the Swedish Cel­ The extent to which cartel agreements scrupulously· respected its agreements lulosa Co. sometimes go is further illustrated on with I. G. Farben during the war, it cer­ Mr. Speaker, these are not mere state­ page 217 of Wendell Berg~'s book entitled tainly stands to reason to expect that ments by a Member of Congress made "Cartels-Challenge to a Free· World.'' they will continue to Q.o so after the war. upon his own responsibility or as a re­ where he quotes a letter written by the Incidentally, the Ciba company has been sult of his own research. They ·are facts pa~ent attorney for the Remington Arms actively attempting here in the United which should be known as widely as pos­ Co., a subsidiary of duPont, on January States to acquire German properties sible throughout the entire Allied world·. 23, 1941; stating: vested by the Alien Property Custodian. Perhaps it is worth while in order to The further sale of tetrazene-primed am­ Most serious and difficult of all, how­ bring this fabulous story about· I. G. munition to the British Purchasing Commis­ ever, may be the manner in which I. G. Farbenindustrie· to focus, for me to in­ sion or to the Government of the Union of Farben as well as other German monop­ clude at this point the text of an article South Africa or to the Government of Can­ oly concerns have succeeded in acquir­ ada is most undesirable by reason of our appearing in the Statist, a venerable Tetrazene contract with the Rheinische West- ing the assets of other nations during British publication of unimpeachable falische Sprengstoff. · the period of German occupation of that authority. This article was published Article III, paragraph D of the.oi'iginal con­ continent. In the period of the twenties, May 6, 1944, and was entitled "I. G. Far­ tract of November 14, 1929, reads as follows: a series of agreements was made between ben and Postwar": "Remington shall not sell military ammuni­ formerly competing French chemical tion containing any tetrazene In Germany companies which formed these com­ I . G. FARBEN AND POSTWAR and in any or all of the countries in the panies into a single French chemical Following the . interest aroused by the British Empire." Sta~ist's article entitled "~upp Camouflage" trust. The name of this trust was the (the Statist, January 29), it seems worth Reinische Westfalische Sprengstofi is a Establissements Kuhlmann. In 1928 this while devot ing some attent ion to I. G. wholly owned subsidiary of I. G. Farben. French chemical trust and the I. G. Far­ Farben, in view of the recent House of Lords In testifying before the Judiciary Com­ benindustrie entered into a series of debate on possible Allied postwar control of mittee of the Senate on May 17 of this cartel agreements, under the terms of German war industries, and for the reason year the Attorney General stated: which it was agreed that in case of war that the leading Germany dyestuffs combin~. the agreement should simply be sus­ second in size only to the Hermann Goering And the Department of Justice knows, as Works, is following the example of other·Ger­ a matter of fact, that many cartel arrange­ pended until the cessation of hostilities In man industrial undertakings in endeavoring · ments necessarily disrupted during the Euro­ but should not be annulled. other to "transfer" into so-called neutral owner­ pean phase of the war, are now being re­ words, the mere fact that French and ship assets and shareholdings in undertak­ sumed. Meetings have been held, plans have German soldiers started killing one an­ ings outside Germany. In so doing, the I. G. been laid, and in some cases agreements al­ other should be no cause of the breaking · Farben is, to a certain extent, continuing ready entered Into. As to some of these off of worth-while business connections. measures and practices which it followed even agreements my Department will have some­ Indeed, on December 10, 1941, a merger · before the war. As far back as 1928 the I. G. _thing to·say before long. of the entire French chemical industry Farben formed in Switzerland a company Mr. Speaker, this leads me to take just with I. G. Farben was accomplished with under the title of Internationale Gesellschaft a moment to appeal once again for fav­ the consent of the Vichy French Govern­ fuer chemische Unternehmungen A. G. and transferred to it the holdings in its Ameri­ orable consideration by the House of my ment under a most interesting arrange­ can subsidiary, the American I. G. It was bill, H. R. 98, which would require the ment whereby the I. G. Farbenindustrie then frequently-though untruthfully­ registration with the United States Gov­ acquired 51 percent of the shares of the stated ofilcially that the American I. G. was ernment of every single cartel agreement . French company now known as Fran­ Swiss-owned and had no German connec­ entered into by every American corpora­ color and gave in exchange exactly ·1 tions. The same tactics have recently been tion, both now and in the future. percent of the stock in I. G. Farben & followed. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL R-ECORD-HOUSE 4853 If Krupps-had been frequently called the b. H. The I. G. Farben has s nee also gained' Teerfarbenwerk Litzmannstadt, which sup­ arsenal of Prussian militarism, the I. G. control of the electric-chemical group plies the textile industry at Lodz with dyes Farben . has been . fairly. described as "the "Ugine," which, in turn, controls the whole and textile chemical requi,rements. In Nor­ acme of pan-Germanism in the economic French aluminum industry. In 1942 was way, I. G. Farben acquired control of the sphere" and the ·"chief advance agent of the founded a synthetic-rubber concern, with a Norsk Hydro Electrisck Kvaelstof A. S., which Third Reich." Set up in its' present form in capital of 80,000,000 francs, which is work­ produced nitrogen, potassium, and alum­ 1925 as the outcome of a merger of the ing on I. G. Farben patents. Similar tactics inium, and it is noteworthy that the Swiss Badische Anilin and Soda-Fabrik, Ludwig­ were applied to industries in Holland, where subsidiary I. G. Chemie, Bale, was associ­ schafen am Rhein, the Farbenfabriken vor­ Dr. Posse, managing director of I. G. Farben, ated with the controlling concern in this mals Friedrich Bayer & Co., Leverkusen, the was at an early stage appointed state com­ acguisition. Together with the Nordic A. G., Hoechster Farbwerke, the A. G. fuer Anilin­ missioner, with full powers over the Lever I. lJ. Farben formed, among other offshoots, Fabriken, Berlin, and several other firms, I. G. Bros. and Unilever N. V. undertakings, and the Nordisk Latmetall Co. with a capital of Farben was at the time of its formation the also presumably the Royal Dutch Shell. 45,000,000 kroner. In Denmark it has an in­ largest single industrial concern in Germany, Through its domination of the Belg'ian Sol­ terest in the Danish sulfuric acid and with an original share capital of 646,000,000 vay Co., I. G. ·Farben automatically got con­ superphosphate companies. In Finland it reichsmark. In the years preceding Hitler's trol of the Croatian plant of the Yugoslav bas, e. g., controlling interest in a company accession to power it took part in the financ­ company and of the Rumanian Solvay Co. formed to work nickel deposits at Levituntuti ing of nazism and subsequently became a As to the combine's activities in south­ in the Petsamo Province. natural instrument for the execution of Gov­ eastern Europe, it is a well-known fact that This is by no means a complete survey of ernment policy, occupying an important role long before the war Germany was supplying even the latest acquisitions by the I. G. in the 4-year plan and also in the Govern­ the Balkan countries with aspirins and other Farben in Europe, but it is at least a pointer ment's program for attaining self-sufficiency drugs among the miscellaneous means of pay­ to the scope of the combine's activities and in certain raw materials. Its achievements ment for the agricultural supplies obtained the thoroughness of its industrial penetra­ in the latter respect were impressive enough, from these sources. Military alliances as well tion program. From this even neutral and as far back as 1937 more than 250 syn­ as conquests made other measures possible, countries have not been excluded. Spain, thetics were put on show by I. G. Farben at and it is not surprising to find that I. G. for instance; provides a particularly strik­ the Frankfurt exhibition, including synthetic Farben has gained a firm foothold in, for ing example of penetration by the I. G. rubber, gasoline, oil, fabrics for clothes, and instance, Hungary's chemical industry. In Farben, for the combine's interest in that synthetic foods and vitamins. The Leuna conjunction with the Hungarian State Eisen country bas widened considerably since Works in Saxony, the largest single chemical Stahl u. Maschinenfabriken A. G., it has Franco's accession. Activities in Switzer­ works in the world, were the first to develop founded the Ungariscbe Magnesium und land have already been mentioned. To Elektron A. G. for the product.ion of mag­ these must be added I. G. Farben interests on a · large scale production of synthetic nesium on G. Farben patents. By taking petrol, the Leuna benzine. It is reported r. in Turkey and some also in Sweden, not over part of the functions of the Hungarian to mention the far-reaching penetration in that at the outbreak of war the I. G. Farben wholesale cooperative "Hangya," it bas es­ was operating 11 hydrogenation plants in South American republics, where, as in tablished indirect relations with Hungary's many other countries,· the combine has in Germany, 1 in Austria, and 1 in Czecho­ agriculture. Through its interest in the slovakia. A new rubber plant was built near the past been largely connected with wider Pester · Ungariscbe Commerzialbank, I. G. German political plans and aspirations. Schkopau in 1939, a second near Huels, and a Farben is playing an important part in the third one on Czech territory. Huge plants What makes this domination by the I. G. latest developments in the Hungarian chem­ Farben more comprehensive and more dan­ for the production of staple fiber were built ical industry at large. In Rumania, I. G. by I. G. Farben in various parts of the Reich. gerous than simple transactions by way of · Farben has gained a very firm foothold in share purchases is that it is based not only Without giving anything like an exhaustive the o.il industry, partly by taking over French survey of the combine's products, the I. G • on financial interests but on actual technical • interests there. It has a controlling interest control and dependence. By adapting en­ Farben's wide range of activities is sufficiently in the Erste Rumanische Sprengtoffgesell­ indicated by the fact that its output includes schaft Fajares, which enjoys a degree of tire plants and production processes to its dyestuffs, mineral coburs, all kinds of phar­ requirements and methods, the I. G .. Farben monopoly for the manufacture of explosives. has systematically aimed at tying whole maceutical products, photographic equip­ It is reported that of the share capital of ment, celluloid, rayon, staple fiber, plastics, some 220,000,000 lei, 10 percent belongs to plants, and in fact branches of production synthetic petrol and rubber, nitrates, and the Rumanian State, while majority inter­ in other countries, to the I. G. Farben proper, fertilizers. ests are held by Dynamit Nobel-A. G. Vienna in the hope of rendering it impossible for the undertakings affected to regain their The policy of international expansion is and Dynamit Nobel A. G., Britislava, both I. G. Farben affiliates. I. G. Farben bas independence. In many cases the granting by no means a new policy for I. G. Farben. of licenses and patents was sufficient to se­ But it has been pursued in striking manner founded in Rumania the Remigefa A. G. as a selling agency for pharmaceutical products. cure I. G. Farben complete control. These during the war when German industrial and other complicated ways for extending strategy blatantly revealed itself after suc­ The Rumanian aluminum industry is also reported to be under control of the I. G. Germany's economic interests will have to cessive German military conquests. The ex­ be borne in mind when the difficult task of pansionist program pursued at first within Farben Industrie. I:n Bulgaria a subsidiary company of r. G. Farben, Verkaufsgesellscbaft unscrambling the present scrambled Euro­ the Reich and in the immediate prewar pean industrial structure arises, for I. G. years embracing within its orbit Austria and Deutscher Anilin Farben, bas established a plant for the production of carbon disulfide, Farben, whatever its importance to peace.,. Czechoslovakia, was later made to apply to time activities in the German economy, all occupied countries. The underlying idea to mention only one instance. In Yugoslavia two representatives of I. G. Farben, in Sep­ bas been proved to occupy a role in relation was the establishment of an undisputed mo­ to the preparations for war and to Reich's nopoly for the whole of Europe, and on the tember 1941, were elected to the board of the Bosnian Electric Power Co., in which war aims and activities which it would be longer view, the attainment of a high degree foolish to ignore. of self-sufficiency for the Continent in prod­ Dynamit Nobel had an interest. This com­ pany owns large electric and water power THE PROBLEM FACED BY FRANCE ucts of the chemical industry, regardless Of plants in Yugoslavia and manufactures cal­ any disparity between the prices of syn­ cium chloride and other heavy chemicals. The problem of France is further com­ thetic substitutes and those of natural prod­ Another acquisition by the I. G. Farben is plicated by the situation of the Rhone­ ucts. A good instance of the combine's the Yuganil Co. in Yugoslavia, which pro­ Poulenc Co. in which during the period readiness- to take advantage of the German duces chemical products, including anilin Army's victories was the opening of nego­ of the occupation, the Germans ac­ dyestuffs. A further subsidiary, the Theseus quired a very extensive interest. This tiations as early as the autumn of 1940, A. G. in Zagreb, holds a monopoly !or the shortly after the fall of France, with the lead­ distribution of pharmaceutical products in Franch company has been operating ex­ ing French Chemical concern, Establisse­ Croatia. In Slovakia the Slovak branch of tensively in Latin America through its ments Kuhlmann. German military au- Dynamit Nobel bas been used by the I. G . affiliates and subsidiaries in Switzerland . thorities took part in these discussions, and Farben as a medium for absorption activities. and by this means has been supplying after a preliminary exchange of views a It should be added that, by taking over the Latin-American firms which were on the final agreement was signed in December Sudeten territory, the Reich, and through it proclaimed list. Most serious, however, 1941. A ne'7 chemical concern was formed in the I. G. Farben, at one stroke gained con­ it holds the extensive patent on sulfa France, the S. A. des Matieres Colorantes et trol of some 40 percent of Czechoslovakia's Produits Chemiques "Francolor,'' with a to­ chemical industry, and thus also of that in­ drugs in many of the Latin-American tal share capital of 800,000,000 francs. Fifty­ dustry's considerable participation in chemi­ countries. Up to the present time the one percent of, tbe shares went to the I. G. cal undertakings in southeastern Europe. Rhone-Poulenc Co. has not purged it­ Farben. In addition to financial and techni- . In eastern Europe; too, I. G. Farben bas self from the German influence nor elim­ cal concessions, the French groups had to stretched out its tentacles. The combine inated the German interests. Unless surrender all their interest in Alsace-Lorraine took over, among other interests, 51 percent some action is taken the net result will to the German group, which, inter alia, ac­ of the share capital of the Fuerstengrube quired control of Societe des Produits Cbi­ G. m. b. H., Katowice, and requisitioned be that sulfa-drug patents in many miques et Matieres Colorantes de Mullhouse without payment the former Polish State Latin-American countries may actually and S. A. pour l'Industrie Chimique, now chemical works of Moscics and the Polish be controlled by I. G. Farben and other called the Chemische Werke Dornach, G. m. chemical woi:·ks Borata A. G., now known as German firms in -the postwar years. 4854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE , MAY 21 A in the position of German interests Second. Formation with the Germans mediate liquidation of the Bank ·for in connection with the international by the French chemical industry of the International Settlements, and that aluminum cartel has been vastly Francolor Co. · since 1941 the BIS has been blocked strengthened during the war period, pri­ Third. Reinsurance agreements nego­ under the foreign-funds control of the marily through the acquisition of a sub­ tiated with the Germans by M. Guerard, United States. stantial share in the Alais Froges, the · secretary of Laval, and president of the Since the outbreak of the war the French Aluminum Trust. The central Comite d'Organization of the insurance Germans- have employed banks in company in this cartel prior to the war companies. Switzerland as well as the Bank for was the Alliance Aluminum, Inc., of Fourth. Cession by the Banque de International Settlements to try to carry Switzerland, in which the Germans lield Paris et Pay Bas of the shares in the com­ out their general program. Approxi­ a 20-percent interest. Alliance Alumi­ pany, Norvegienne de !'Azote; cession of mately a half billion dollars of gold looted num was place on the black list in 1941 the shares of the Bor Mines in Yugo­ from occupied countries has been sold on the ground that it was German-domi­ slavia by the Mirabaud bank; cession of through Swiss banks by the Germans. nated. Certain it is that it is more nearly the shares of Skoda and armament fac­ The proceeds obtained from this sale German-dominated today than it was tories in Polish Silesia by the Union have provided Germany with the neces­ then and that some 35,000,000 francs of European of the Schneider interests; sary Swiss francs to finance her purchase the stock in this huge aluminum cartel cession of bauxite and aluminum prop­ of critical war materials from the neutral are owned by the Vereinigte Aluminum­ erties by the Pechiney Co. and the Credit countries and to pay for propaganda werke, the German Aluminum Trust. Lyonnais Bank; transfer to the Germans activities abroad. The Swiss banks with Perhaps I have said enough to indicate by the Solvay Co. of interests in sodium their highly developed international con­ the terribly complex problem which manufacture. nections were well equipped of course to France faces. Fifth. Cartel arrangements made be­ be used for these purposes. Through That she intends to do the best she can tween the French artificial silk trust and these banks currencies of other countries is indicated by the forthright statement the German trust. were made available to the Germans to of General de Gaulle to the National Sixth. A Franco-German electric­ pay for critical war materials. Appar­ Assembly, the present government of power cartel capitalized at 120,000,000,- ently also a good many of the top Nazis France. The General said that the heavy 000 francs. and other German officials deposited weight of cartels must be lifted from the Seventh. Other cartel agreements in under fictitious names their ill-gotten French economy. What we must do is the glass, ceramic, motion picture, and gains in the banks of SWitzerland. Hold­ to lend every possible assistance to the refrigerating industries. ing companies interlocking German in­ French in accomplishing this instead of Certainly we may rely upon General dustrial and commercial interests abroad attending meetings in Lisbon, Madrid, De Gaulle to do the best he can but we which had l;>een established in Switzer­ and other places, which can hardly have have got to recognize also that unless he land before the outbreak of the war for cartel or tax evasion purposes have con­ any other effect thari to strengthen the can show to the people of France that th~ German position. We have got to have United States is going to pursue a .corre­ tinued through the war, thus enabling a policy, Mr. Speaker, with regard to sponding policy with the utmost vigor the Germans to continue the business cartels which will help General De Gaulle and unless he can absolutely demonstrate of the foreign subsidiaries of large Ger­ to lift this weight from the French econ­ to his fellow countrymen that American man industrial firms during the war and • omy and to remove this tremendously and British firms will not attempt to take after the war in case of German defeat. complicated incubus of ·German control advantage of the breaking of these agree­ Thus, to a considerable extent at least, which has been fastened upon France the financial methods employed by the ments by the French he will have a most Germans in this procesS of attempting to during the period of the occupation. It difficult time of it. In other words the is unfortunate, indeed, as I have already whole task of preventing the rebuilding escape Allied controls becomes clear. pointed out, that the French Trading of the German cartel empire and hence One of the largest companies in Ger­ With the Enemy Act does not nullify car­ the task of preventing the rebuilding of many has for many years been the tel agreements or other arrangements Germany's war powers must be under­ Schering Co., which has world-wide with the enemy, but merely suspends taken by all the Allied Governments with ramifications and which virtually con­ them for the duration of hostilities, so the clear understanding that in so do­ trols the supply of certain vitamins, hor- that there is at present no law upon the ing they will be combatting one of the ·mones, and fine laboratory chemicals. statute books which would cancel these most powerful special interests of mod­ This company has ramifications all over agreements. ern times, namely, the interest of mo­ the world, but the important problem is Otherwise the French are putting forth nopoly corporations to further strength­ the fact that it masks under the pre­ great effort to track down enemy-held en their monopoly P,osition by cartel tense of being owned by a subsidiary of property in that country and to seques­ agreements with huge corporations in the Swiss Banking Corporation. If the ter it and proceed to free themselves truth with regard to the real ownership other countries, even in enemy countries. of this Shering Co. is not developed and from this German domination. Appar­ FINANCES ently there are somewhat too many made clear, whatever that exact truth agencies that are working upon this As long ago as March 26, 1943, I intro­ may be, there is a strong possibility that problem in France and there are also at duced a resolution in the House for an this German company will continue to · work the same sort of influences in the investigation of the Bank for Inter­ dominate the trade of the entire world minds of big French companies which national Settlements located at Basle, in the particular lines in which it deals. made it possible for the German cartel­ Switzerland. It seemed to me strange Attempts have been made by a number ists to do such decisive work in the pe­ that British, American, German, Japa­ of American companies to purchase the riod before the war in tying up the eco­ nese, and Italian bankers should continue Schering interests in this country from nomies of the democracies and in to compose the board of directors of an the Alien Property Custodian, but so far strengthening Germany's war position. institution which went right on with without success and the Schering in­ For example, Mr. Auguste Gillot, speak­ business as usual while the young men terests continue to be held together as a ing before the Consultative Assembly of of these same nations were compelled to unit. In 1939 the Schering Co. was France on February 20, listed seven cases attempt to destroy one another's lives. represented as one of the most prom­ Indeed the full story of how this bank inent members of the European Drug · of economic collaboration between was used by the Nazi Reich will some day Manufacturers cartel at ·a meeting in French and German corporations which I hope be told. It will not, I believe, Paris where members of the cartel in- he alleged were up to that date not be­ . make a pretty story. It will be remem­ . eluded British and French manufactur- ing punished and about which he bered how the report of the Bank for ers and also German-cgntrolled com­ charged nothing effective was being done. International Settlements on postwar re­ -panies located in Switzerland and Hol­ Those seven cases are as follows: construction . was over-enthusiastically land. These members were brought to­ First. Formation with the Germans of received throughout Germany, whereas gether to parcel out respective territory the Inter-European Automobile Commit­ in England and elsewhere it was regarded under a revised a.greement for the pur- te~involving the French firms Peugeot, with general suspicion. I am only glad : pose of governing trade during the im­ Hotchkiss, saurer-Latil, Unic, Delahaye, that one of the acts of the Bretton Woods pending war. Apparently the signators and La Licorne. Conference was to recommend the im- of this cartel have _re_;;;pected the war- 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4855 time agreement and the German com­ the facts regarding German control of · It would he correct tO' say ·tha;t only dis­ panies are at present actively engaged in properties in liberated nations the Allies :P.onest people would break the law by failing working out new methods whereby they may well be confronted with the em­ to disclose beneficial ownership. For any outside owner to rely on such dishonest people can continue to expand their control barrassing situation that it is in Great 'would be risky; tor there would be nothing with the return of peace. It should be Britain itself that the best opportunity to prevent them converting the securities to said, I believe, Mr. Speaker, that one can for this use of ''dummy" owners by the their own use. The beneficial owners would hardly blame small and defenseless coun~ Germans exists. then be unable to prosecute without exposing tries like Switzerland or Sweden for not · It was only by the most fortunate themselves to grave penalties. That would taking more effective action in these chance that we finally discovered here deter the Nazis from entrusting their assets matters against an all-powerful Ger­ in the United States that since 1929 the to shady individuals prepared to act as many. However, today the situation is American Potash Co. has been owned by stooges. different and now is the time when, if the Deutsche Kaliwerke, the German THE BRITISH EXAMPLE ever, action must be taken to prevent potash trust. For years we have been It may be argued that, after all, Great Britain is only one country among many, and a repetition of the tragic series of events permitting this . company to get potash that, even if she put an end to the nominee which cost the lives of so many Ameri­ from our own lands. The Department racket, there would be plenty of others where can men and such untold suffering in of Justice filed an antitrust suit against the Nazis could conceal their holdings. After almost all the nations of the world. it, because the company was fixing prices the last war, the shares of certain Turkish PATENTS AND THE PROBLF;M IN SWEDEN and a· consent decree was signed; still companies, which Germany was to hand over to the Reparations Commission by virtue of The Swedish Patent Office figures dis­ neither the Department of the Interior nor the Department of Justice knew the the peace treaty, suddenly became Swiss close the fact that in 1944 the Germans holdings. But unless this country does its registered twice as many patents in that company was German-controlled. They utmost to prevent such abuses at home, it country as they did in 1938. This can believed it to be British-owned. The fact will hardly be in a position to urge other only mean that the Germans are taking finally came out that in 1929 the British countries to collaborate in hunting down steps to conceal valuable patents from had sol4ii their interest to the Germans disguised German assets. The example must , 'possible Allied control and confiscation. through a Dutch holding company. , But come from Great Britain herself. it was only by the employment of all the The.re is, in fact, a good reason why the I. G. Farben, the Schering Co., and other Nazis would prefer British nominees to those German firms have been trying to sell war powers of the United States that the of other countries. Business secrets are their patents to Swedish firms. truth about this matter was discovered. guarded more carefully in Great Britain than On December 18, 1932, the New York Mr. Speaker, the House need not rely in any other country. Even Parliament is Times reported that the Stinnes family upo~ my statements on this matter, and powerless to penetrate behind the screen of which has dominated much of"the heavy I ask consent to have printed at this business secrecy; ther.e are no inquiries sim­ industry in Germany, had bought a major ilar to those conducted by Congress in the point an· article appearing in the Finan­ United States to obtain inside information. interest in the three most important coal cial News of London on the 29th of Jan­ That makes it doubly important for the Gov­ and steel companies in Sweden. And for uary 1945 entitled "Will Nominee Share­ ernment to take steps to prevent an influx similar purposes, no doubt, Hugo Stinnes, holders Shield. German Assets?": of German funds by putting an end to abuses Jr., is reported to have taken some 35,- WILL NOMINEE SHAREHOLDERS SHIELD GERMAN of the nominee system. 000,000 marks to Sweden in late 1944. ASSETS? AMERICA'S CLEAR DUTY Just how extensive this German con­ The .report of the Cohen Committee on Mr. Speaker, since I have been speak­ trol of Swedish industry is we do not Company Law Reform is now overdue. It know with exactness, but there have been has been unofficially suggested that this may ing about Briti~ law and French law official reports to the effect that certain be due, in P!\rt, to technical difficulties over and the laws of some other countries in Swedish companies have participated in the drafting of provisions relating to com­ connection with this huge problem, I German-sponsored monopolies and car­ pulsory disclosure of the beneficial owner­ want to conclude with some remal'ks tels in Europe during the last 5 years. ship of shares held in the name of nominees. about our own need for legislation. An This question has been widely discussed in antitrust suit brought on May 16, 1945, One such company was said to have the press, but one aspect of it deserves spec­ taken the initiative in lining up Swedish against the Electric Storage Battery Co., ial attention. Unless the disclosure of bene­ ef Philadelphia, world's largest manu­ wood pulp producers in a cartel in all ficial ownership is made compulsory, there European countries, and that this same will be every opportunity for Nazi leaders facturers of electric storage batteries, company is trying to create a complete after the defeat ·of Garmany to conceal Ger­ and the Willard Storage Battery Co., of monopoly of this trade in Sweden itself. inan assets by registering them in the name Cleveland, charges that they conspired Up to the beginning of the war Swedish of companies or individuals resident in the with a Canadian firm-Exide Batteries companie·s were required by a cartel United Kingdom. of Canada, Ltd., Toronto-an English The Allied Governments passed a resolu­ firm-Chloride Electrical Storage Co., agreement to get the main part of· their tion some time ago, declaring the acquisi­ steel supplies from Germany or Belgium. Ltd., London-and a German firm-Ac­ tion of securities or other property in Ger­ cumalatoren-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, And we may be sure that every effort is man:-occupied countries by German or neu­ being made to perpetuate this cartel tral interests null and void. The govern­ BerlliJ.-in a series of agreements and agreement into the postwar period. ments of the liberated countries will fipd acts dating bacl{ to 1891, to eliminate competition between themselves in world · BRITISH CORPORATION LAW it difficult, however, to enforce this decision effectively if German assets are allowed to markets by allocating to each exclusive One of the most common methods of appear under the disguise of British hold­ sales territories and by fixing prices in building up concealed German assets in ings, registered in the name of some Brit­ nonexclusive territories. other countries is, of course, for Germans ish nominee. It is of the utmost import­ The Justice Department, in its investi­ to buy up interests in foreign countries ance to prevent this as far as possible. gation, found a publication by the Ger­ and then register them in the name of Oth~rwise, the Nazi underground movement man company stating that its "foreign companies or individuals who are resi­ may retain possession of very substantial as­ sets, capable of being used for destructive connections enabled it in spite of the dent in those other nations. In order to ends. greatest difficulties, which existed be­ prevent this the Allied Governments have cause of the dictate of Versailles, to re­ declared tha.t the acquisition of securities NO LEGAL DIFFICULTY A decision of · the committee in favor of main prepared in that field so that pres­ or other property in German-occupied compulsory disclosure of beneficial owner­ ently modern batteries with all possible countries by German or neutral interests ship might be opposed in some quarters on improvements could be made available was to be considered null and void. It is the ground that to enforce the law would for the construction of new submarines." to be .assumed that the governments of be very difficult. But that is true of al~ost What is referred to here is the fact the liberated countries will be ready to any law. There will always be people who that cadmium batteries-lasting 10 years cooperate with the victorious Allies in will break the law or circumvent it. If non­ as opposed to the 18 months to 3 years such a program, but it is necessary to compliance with the disclosure of beneficial ownership is made a criminal offense with product our armed forces have to use­ point out that under British law itself grave penalties (confiscation, a heavy fine, were made available for the German sub-... there is at present no means of compel­ or terms of imprisonment) attached to it, marines. Thus they could stay under ·· ling a British company to disclose the the number of people who would risk such water much longer and escape detection. names of the beneficial owners of its penalties would be a mere fraction of the Not only should we pass House Concur­ shares. Thus in attempting to ferret out number using the nominee device at present. rent Resolution 55 to set forth general XCI-306 4856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 21 policy, but at the very least we should think vital to the safety of our country. I who have been the leaders of th-e great enact at once H. R. 98, which would re­ should like to ask the gentleman a ques­ German monopoly trusts that were ,so quire the disclosure to the ·united States tion which he need not take the time to successful in tying up industry in other Government of all information regard­ answer now but in his own time, because countries in cartel agreements to control ing any cartel agreements entered into I would like to have his views on it. The the commerce of the world and the pro­ by American corporations at any time. gentleman contends that these cartels duction of the world, and to tell America, Had we been in possession ,of this in­ are usually secret agreements between for example, how many tons of mag­ formation in the period before this war, great business· interests crossing inter­ nesium a year we could produce. the war certainly would have been short­ national lines, without regard to the wel­ I think I know what their attitude is; ened and thousands of American lives fare of the respective countries but with not one of contrition, not one of feeling could have been saved. We now know a· view to pro-fits? of defeat, but a feeling that they can that these things I have been talking Mr. VOORHIS of California. They are now begin again the same process in about are but a part of a general program private treaties and they do not have to which they were so successful between of economic warfare which forms tb.e be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate the First World War and the second one. basis of an entire volume by Joseph Bar­ or by a simple majority of both Houses Mr. PATRICK. They are as arrogant kin and Charles Welsh, entitled "Ger­ of the Congress, or by any other public at heart as ever. many's Master Plan," the story of in­ body or responsible agency. Mr. VOORHIS of California. May I dustrial offensive. This master plan Mr. MURDOCK. Is it possible for na­ refer the gentleman to something in my must not be allowed to succeed. tions to have legitimate tratie arrange­ speech here very briefly, please, because I Mr. Speaker, if the cartel structure is ments so as to encourage and increase quoted from an article that appeared in allowed to stand, Germany's war poten­ and stabilize world commerce? the New York Times, May 13, of this year, tial will be rebuilt and her Junker general Mr. VOORHIS of California. De­ which told about the manager of the staff that has been so far rather: well cidedly, I think. factory in Nuremberg, Germany, who, • treated on the whole and in many in­ Mr. MURDOCK. That is the objec­ when the American Army came in there, stances rather generously pictured by tive toward which we ought to work, is told them that they could not control the American press, will be ready in an­ it not? the output of his factory because, for­ other generation to make war upon the Mr. VOORHIS of California. That is sooth, it was American and British world again. There will be those in our right, and above all, to turn the light of owned. I do not know whether or not it own country and in England and else­ day on what is going on. Hearings are was America nor British owned, but I where who will feel that ''business as being held in the Senate now on the think it is significant that this man usual" with the German cartels after this O'Mahoney bill. I have introduced an thought for one moment that he. was go­ war will be to our interest. They will identical bill in this House. The provi­ ing to escape the control. I think it is tell us that, since the Russian dictator­ sions of the O'Mahoney bill in substance both alarming and revealing to have him ship owns and controls completely all are that every cartel agreement entered make such a statement. I think we the industries of that nation, since Rus­ into by any American corporation must ought to know whether it was American sian industries are state monopolies, be registered and become a public mat­ or British owned . or whether there was therefore cartels and monopolies on our ter in this country. Had we simply any American or British capital at all in part constitute the only answer to that known the facts about these agreements a place like that at a time like this. The situation. To my mind this is an out­ beforehand, the t hings that happened only point I want to make is that here right confession of defeat before we start. to retard our war effort would not have is an attempt to say, "You can't touch Unless we have sufficient faith in a sys­ been possible. me. Yes; you have conquered Germany, tem of freedom to remove the war-mak­ Mr. MURDOCK. The gentleman is but I am protected although I am right ing incubus of these cartels from our doing his country a great service by turn­ in Nuremberg and this plant has been economy, as General de Gaulle has ing on the searchlight of publicity, in producing stuff for the Nazi Army all sworn to do with regards to France, we my judgment. during the war. You can't touch me." shall certainly be giving evidence of basic Mr. VOORHIS of California. I appre­ M·r. PATRICK. The gentleman will lack of faith in things in which we pro­ ciate what the gentleman said. recall that the Franco-German potash fess to believe. Americans believe that Mr. PATRICK. Mr. Chairman, will cartel was operating successfully by 1925, we can solve our problems without the the gentleman yield? that soon· after the war it was going 1n sacrifice of liberty. We believe that we Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield to strong force, and that its roots were can offer to our people a better life than the gentleman from Alabama. found to reach across the sea, even then. can be offered under any other system Mr. PATRICK. I think the gentleman Mr. VOORHIS of California. That is that mankind has yet devised. We know is one of the most valuable and indus­ right. the task will be hard but we believe that trious Members in this House, and we Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. we can succeed. It is high time we were should appreciate his efforts in bring­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield? about the doing of that task, Mr. saeak­ ing that kind of light in the open. Mr. VOORHIS of California. . I yield er, for it will not be enough for us to pro­ Has the gentleman reached any con­ to the gentleman from Montana. fess belief in America. · It will only be clusion from fragmentary evidence he Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Does enough if we can demonstrate the has been able to get since the capitula­ the gentleman recall a news dispatch to downright superiority of the methods in tion of Germany as to the general at­ the effect that when the American Army which we have faith. In any event we titude prevailing at this time in internal entered Cologne the town itself was but should have learned by this time the ef­ Germany, and as to what this defeat will ruins and rubble, but just outside the fect that cartels have had on the world, mean to Germany? town the Ford Motor works remained and we should have the courage to stop Mr. VOORHIS of California. NO. I intact? Evidently it had not been them before they get started. The con­ thank the gentleman very much. Ob­ bombed at all during the course of the trol of Germany by Allied armies for a viously he ought to ask some of the numerous raids which had been made on period of time is a foregone conclusion people who have been to Germany and Cologne and vicinity. but unless we take steps to prevent the just returned from there. Mr. VOORHIS of California. May I rebuilding of Germany's war potential Mr. PATRICK. I assumed the gentle­ say to the gentleman that I have heard in places outside of Germany, ·we will man had been there also. that report. I do not know of my own fail to keep faith with the men who have Mr. VOORHIS of California. No. My knowledge about it. given their lives for the peace and safety impression, I will say to the gentleman, Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Has of the world. is this: There are two groups of people the gentleman seen any reports lately .to Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, will the that live in two entirely different worlds. the effect that that same factory is today gentleman yield? One group of people are the people who producing trucks for the American Army Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield live in the cities and on the farms in in occupied Germany? to the gentleman from Arizona. Germany and whose sons were called into Mr. VOORHIS of California. I have Mr. MURDOCK. I hope the gentleman the Army. You can ask the people who heard that report, but I cannot speak will extend his remarks so as to include have been in Germany about that. I from my own knowledge about it. as much material as he can. It has been think I know from the evidence that I Mr. MANSFIELD o.f Montana. It · tremendously interesting to me and I have what is the attitude of the people seems that a short while ago there was 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4857

a good deal of conflict over the make-up and include a speech on farmers and CoMMI'ITEE oN PATENTS of the American membership of the War cooperation. There will be a meeting of the Com­ Crimes Commission, and that.the leader Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, mittee on Patents on Tuesday, May 29, resigned because certain Germans were I " ask unanimous consent to extend my 1945, at 10 o'clock a. m., to consider H. R. evidently not included in the list of war remarks in the RECORD in two particulars, 2631. criminals. I am wondering if there is in one to include a brief editorial from There will be a meeting of the Com­ any connection between those omissions the Washington Post of yesterday re­ mittee on Patents on Thursday, May 31, and political and business philosophies garding !-Am-an-American Day, to-­ 1945, ~t 10 o'clock a. m., to consider H. R. that run together on the part of people gether with an address I delivered when 2632. in different countries. _it was initia:ted; and in the other to ex­ There will be a meeting of the Com­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I do not tend in the RECORD my own remarks and know, but I want to find out. That is the mittee on Patents on Friday, June 1,1945, include two short letters with regard to at 10 o'clock a. m., to consider H. R. 2630. reason I am making this speech this aft­ the pollution of streams. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY · .ernoon. I believe it is all-important that The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the American people obtain all the facts the request of the gentleman from Texas? There will be a public hearing before about those very things. There was no objection. Subcommittee No. 4 of the Committee on Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, will the _ the Judiciary, beginning at 10 a. m., on gentleman yield? BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Monday, June 11, 1945, on the bill H. R. Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield Mr. ROGERS of New York, from 2788, to amend title 28 of the Judicial to the gentleman from California. the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported Code in regard to the limitation of cer­ Mr. DOYLE. First, may I compliment that that committee did on this day tain actions, and for other purposes. The the gentleman on his very splendid present to the President, for his ap­ hearing will be held in room 346, Old treatise, and then ask this question: proval, a billl of the House of the fol­ House Office Building. Does the gentleman find that there is lowing title: any tendency on the part of great com­ H. R. 2603. An act making appropriations EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. binations of trade in American Industry for the Departments of State, Justice, Com­ to resist any affiliation presently as be­ merce, the Judiciary, and the Federal Loa:n Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive tween German cartels and American Agency for the fiscal year ending June 30, communications were taken from the trade and commerce groups? 19.46, and for other purposes. Speaker's table and referred as follows: Mr. VOORHIS of California. I am ADJOURNMENT 483. A letter from the Executive Assistant glad the gentleman asked that question to the Secretary of the Department of Com- . because I want to make this statement Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker; I merce, transmitting revision No. 1 of the 'with all the vigor at my command. I move that the House do now adjourn. estimate of personnel requirements for the am not talking about American industry The motion was agreed to; accordingly quarter ending June 30, 1945, for the ceiling in this speech. I think American indus­ (at 5 o'clock and 52 minutes p. m.) the unit working capital fund; to the Cammittee try has done a tremendous job in this House, pursuant to its preyious order, on the Civil Service. 484. A letter from the Executive Assistant war and without it, of course, we would adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, May to the Secretary of·the Department of Com­ not be winning the war. _ 22, 1945, at 11 o'clock a. m. merce, traflsmitting revision No.1 of the esti­ I am not talking about American in­ mate of personnel requirements for the quar­ dustry as a whole at all. I am talking COMMITTEE HEAR.INGS ter ending June 30, 1945, for the ceiling unit about certain people who are so steeped miscellaneous researches, National Bureau COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN of Standards; to the ,Committee on the Civil in monopoly positions that their minds COMMERCE are conditioned toward one first and Service. primary objective, the continuation and There will be a meeting of the Com­ 485. A letter from the Archivist of the the strengthening of the monopolistic mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ United States, transmitting lists or schedules merce at 10 o'clock a.m., Tuesday, May covering records proposed for disposal by position. They are_ people who do not various Government agencies; to the Com­ know the ·real principles of American 22, 1945, to resume public hearings on R. mittee on the Disposition · of Executive industry. I think some of those people, H. 3170, a bill to provide Federal aid Papers. victims, I would say, of a certain form for the development of public airports 486. A communication from the President of megalomania find it very difficult to and to amend existing law relating to of the United States, transmitt ing a draft think of anything without reference to air-navigation facilities. · of a. proposed provision pertaining to an the monopolistic position they try to COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS existing appropriation for the fiscal year 1945 for the Foreign Economic Administration attain. Perhaps that is a charitable way There will be a meeting of the Com­ (H. Doc. No. 185); to the Committee on Ap­ to put it. mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds propriations and ordered to be printed. There are, as you know, American in­ at 10 o'clock a. m., on Tuesday, May 22, 487. A communication from the President dustrialists and manufacturers who 1945, for consideratidn of housing for of the United States, transmitting proposed still believe in the American method of veterans' families. rescissions of portions of several war and war-related appropriations available for the economic freedom and increased pro­ COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY duction at lower and lower prices and fiscal year 1945. These rescissions total $92,- · a wider market and an attempt to meet Subcommittee No. III of the Commit­ 119,000 and .apply to the appropriations of a the needs of the people. There are lots tee on the Judiciary will begin hearings number of departments and agencies (H. at 10 a.m., Wednesday, May 23, 1945, on Doc. No. 186); to the Committee on Appro­ of them, and I thank God for them. But priations and ordered to be printed. I want them to be protected against H. R. 2357, to amend an act entitled "An those in all countries, including our own, act to supplement existing laws against who believe exactly the opposite, who unlawful restraints and monopolies, and REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC believe in a totalitarian philosophy of for other purposes," approved October BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS industry, except that they insist that 15, 1914 (38 Stat. 730), as amended