Excerpts from the Vietnam Country Reader the Complete Reader
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Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project THEODORE J. C. HEAVNER Interviewed By: Char
Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project THEODORE J. C. HEAVNER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 28, 1997 Copyright 2 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Canton, O io Nort western University and (Case) Western Reserve University of Iowa Harvard University U.S. Army - ,orean War Entered Foreign Service - .900 UNESCO .900-.901 Duties State Department - Foreign Service Institute - .902 3ietnamese 4anguage Training Cornell University - Sout east Asia Program .902-.908 Nort versus Sout 3ietnam Saigon, 3ietnam - Political Officer .908-.909 Diem and private armies Relations wit government officials Cinnamon production Ambassador Durbrow 3iet Cong t reat Consular district Duties Ngo Din Can Reporting Cat olic C urc role Diplomatic colleagues Environment 7ontagnards Pleiku 3ietnamese military 1 Tran 3an Don Saigon, 3ietnam - Political Officer .910-.91. 4yndon B. 9o nson visit Ambassador Ale:is 9o nson and Diem ,ennedy;s 3ietnam policy State Department - 3ietnam Working Group .91.-.913 Averell Harriman Counterinsurgency U.S. policy re Nort 3ietnam Strategy options Ot er agency programs Diem regime 3ietnamese loyalties T ieu ,y regime President ,ennedy interest Defoliants Roger Hilsman C ina role State Department - Foreign Service Institute (FSI) .913-.914 Indonesian 4anguage Training 7edan, Indonesia - Consul and Principal Officer .914-.911 Ambassador Howard 9ones Ambassador 7ars all Green Sukarno and communists Anti-U.S. demonstrations Sumatra groups -
Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR FREDERICK ERNEST NOLTING, JR. Interviewed by: Ted Gittinger, LBJ Library Initial interview date: November 11, 1982 TABLE OF CONTENTS Situation on arrival in Vietnam Lack of stability in Vietnam Johnson calls Diem the “Churchill of Asia” Diem elected by 90% of votes - fraud? General McGarr transferred Embassy-Diem relations Taylor-Rostow mission aftermath U.S. combat engineer troops in Delta President Kennedy on punishing North Vietnam Diem opposes introduction of U.S. forces Retribution against North Vietnam General Ed Lansdale’s views Gilpatric task force Vietnamese (South) and communists Mostly anti-communist Viet Cong (fear of) Ap Bac Battle - 1963 Colonel Vann’s outburst Diem on pacification Buddhist crisis - May 1963 Tri Quang suicide Harriman’s view of Nolting Diem and Buddhists Bui Van Luong Religious agreement Buddhist and Viet Cong aims converge Pagoda raids 1 Buddhists’ organization Buddhist movement Mr. Nhu’s invention? Vietnamese - views of Diem’s fall Majority probably not happy Madam Nhu not popular Brothers-in-law criticize Diem CIA in 1960 coup? Embassy relations with U.S. military Appointment and description of MAAG General Paul Harkins Who is in charge? Kennedy says “Ambassador” Joint Chiefs’ view of rank Rufus Phillips’ NSC testimony Gloomy assessment Confusion of Vietnamese military Views on President President Johnson’s views on Vietnam Kennedy and Johnson’s views differ Johnson’s reasons for appointment of Ambassador Lodge Johnson inherits Kennedy’s Vietnam political mess Questions INTERVIEW Q: Ambassador Nolting, would you begin by telling me if there was anything that could be considered a legacy that Ambassador [Elbridge] Durbrow had left for you to inherit? NOLTING: Yes. -
JOHN FOSTER DULLES PAPERS PERSONNEL SERIES The
JOHN FOSTER DULLES PAPERS PERSONNEL SERIES The Personnel Series, consisting of approximately 17,900 pages, is comprised of three subseries, an alphabetically arranged Chiefs of Mission Subseries, an alphabetically arranged Special Liaison Staff Subseries and a Chronological Subseries. The entire series focuses on appointments and evaluations of ambassadors and other foreign service personnel and consideration of political appointees for various posts. The series is an important source of information on the staffing of foreign service posts with African- Americans, Jews, women, and individuals representing various political constituencies. Frank assessments of the performances of many chiefs of mission are found here, especially in the Chiefs of Mission Subseries and much of the series reflects input sought and obtained by Secretary Dulles from his staff concerning the political suitability of ambassadors currently serving as well as numerous potential appointees. While the emphasis is on personalities and politics, information on U.S. relations with various foreign countries can be found in this series. The Chiefs of Mission Subseries totals approximately 1,800 pages and contains candid assessments of U.S. ambassadors to certain countries, lists of chiefs of missions and indications of which ones were to be changed, biographical data, materials re controversial individuals such as John Paton Davies, Julius Holmes, Wolf Ladejinsky, Jesse Locker, William D. Pawley, and others, memoranda regarding Leonard Hall and political patronage, procedures for selecting career and political candidates for positions, discussions of “most urgent problems” for ambassadorships in certain countries, consideration of African-American appointees, comments on certain individuals’ connections to Truman Administration, and lists of personnel in Secretary of State’s office. -
The Foreign Service Journal, January 1950
g,L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 27, NO. 1 JOURNAL JANUARY, 1950 tMdMf'f! T % t'^W TC:l ■ ) - Y*?; 4 t1 Ui yi & ———■ IHHI«MI THE HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE First Meeting of the New Session It gives us special satisfaction to supply I. W. Harper Whiskey to men and women in America’s foreign service. We are proud to serve you, and we value highly the example you set for your guests. For these reasons alone, you can depend on our safeguarding I. W. Harper’s unexcelled taste and quality. Cost is never consulted in making this superb whiskey. It’s made for you to pour with pride and drink with pleasure. Distributed overseas by SCHENLEY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION THERE ARE NO FINER WHISKIES THAN AMERICAN WHISKIES I.W.HARPER AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION HONORARY PRESIDENT FOREIGN SERVICE DEAN ACHESON SECRETARY OF STATE HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF JOURNAL STATE THE COUNSELOR GEORGE F. KENNAN PRESIDENT W. WALTON BUTTERWORTH VICE PRESIDENT ELBERT G. MATHEWS SECRETARY-TREASURER JOHN M. McSWEENEY ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER BARBARA P. CHALMERS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERVE J. L’HEUREUX CHAIRMAN ELBRIDGE DURBROW VICE CHAIRMAN ELBERT G. MATHEWS JOHN M. McSWEENEY WILLIAM P. HUGHES ALTERNATE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY RAYMOND A. HARE HAROLD N. WADDELL THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL EDITORIAL BOARD EDMUND A. GULLION CHAIRMAN FRANK S. HOPKINS JOHN M. ALLISON VOL. 27, NO. 1 JANUARY 1950 PAUL J. REVELEY MARTIN F. HERZ JOAN DAVID MANAGING EDITOR ALEXANDER PAUL COVER PICTURE: Foreign Committee meets to map program. -
Interview with John W. Kimball
Library of Congress Interview with John W. Kimball The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JOHN W. KIMBALL Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 24, 1999 Copyright 2004 ADST Q: Today is the 24th of May, 1999. This is an interview with John W. Kimball and it is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. John, let me start at the beginning. Can you tell me when and where you were born, and something about your family? KIMBALL: I was born October 13, 1934, in San Francisco, California. My father moved from South Dakota in 1916 with his parents to farmland in Chino. My mother grew up in Wisconsin. She was a high school music teacher and worked in California in the late 1920s after teaching also in Alabama, Arizona, and Wyoming. They were married in Long Beach. When I was born, my father was working in an office in San Francisco. He managed farmland in the San Joaquin valley owned by gold dredging firms operating in the area. He passed away when I was eleven. Q: Was your mother teaching? KIMBALL: Not when I was born, no. Q: Were you brought up in San Francisco? Interview with John W. Kimball http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib001383 Library of Congress KIMBALL: No. My parents were living in Burlingame when I was born. I went to public schools in Berkeley and Palo Alto. I graduated from Palo Alto High School and, later, Stanford University. -
Images of Inherited War Ree American Presidents in Vietnam
THE 13 DREW PER PA S Images of Inherited War ree American Presidents in Vietnam William R. Hersch Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University David S. Fadok, Lieutenant General, Commander and President School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Jeffrey J. Smith, Colonel, PhD, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Images of Inherited War Three American Presidents in Vietnam William R. Hersch Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Drew Paper No. 13 Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jeanne K. Shamburger Hersch, William R., 1972– Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations Images of inherited war : three American presidents in Vietnam Daniel Armstrong / William R. Hersch, Lt. Colonel, USAF. Composition and Prepress Production pages cm. — (Drew paper, ISSN 1941-3785 ; no. 13) Nedra Looney Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-58566-249-4 Print Preparation and Distribution 1. Vietnam War, 1961–1975—Public opinion. 2. Vietnam War, Diane Clark 1961–1975—United States. 3. Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917–1963—Public opinion. 4. Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908–1973—Public opinion. 5. Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913–1994—Public opinion. 6. Political AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE culture—United States—History—20th century. 7. Public opinion—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS DS559.62.U6H46 2014 959.704’31–dc23 2014034552 Director and Publisher Allen G. Peck Editor in Chief Oreste M. Johnson Published by Air University Press in February 2014 Managing Editor Demorah Hayes Design and Production Manager Cheryl King Air University Press 155 N. -
Vietnam: Mr. Johnson's War -Or Mr. Eisenhower's?
Vietnam: Mr. Johnson's War -Or Mr. Eisenhower's? Edward Cuddy Conventional wisdom pins responsibility for the Vietnam War primarily on Lyndon B. Johnson. This essay presents a revisionist argument, attempting to shift primary responsibility for the war on President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The case rests heavily on John F. Kennedy's challenge to historians: "How the hell" can they evaluate presidential performances unless they know the "real pressures" and the "real alternatives" confronting the occupiers of the Oval Office. In assessing those pressures, this essay concludes that Eisenhower had the unique luxury of a clean break from President Truman's commitments, thanks to the Vietnamese victory at Dien Bien Phu, and a clear-cut alternative provided by the Geneva Accords. Unfortunately, Eisenhower chose to ignore the Accords, committed America to South Vietnam, and played a major role, during and after his presidency, in creating the heavy pressures that shaped Johnson's Vietnam decisions. The Kennedy Challenge "How the hell can you tell?" snapped President John F. Kennedy, when asked to rank American presidents for the Schlesinger poll in 1962. He was challenging Schlesinger's son, Arthur, Jr., historian and presidential aide. Only the president himself can know his "real pres- sures" and "real alternatives," he insisted, though a detailed study could help reveal the differences made by individuals. "Would Lin- coln have been judged so great a President, if he had lived long enough to face the almost insoluble problem of Reconstruction?" he mused.' Today, Kennedy's words reek with prophetic irony. Like Lin- coln, he, too, was assassinated and succeeded by another President Johnson, leaving historians to debate a similar question: Would Kennedy's stature have fared so well if he had confronted the in- tractable dilemmas of Vietnam? Of the five presidents from Harry S Truman to Richard M. -
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The 77 TH SFG Mission to South Vietnam:196 0 By Eugene G. Piasecki 46 Veritas 1954, in accordance with the Geneva Accords, President Dwight In a separate military agreement between France D. Eisenhower and and the Ho Chi Minh-led Viet Minh ended the fighting Secretary of State John between the Communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam Foster Dulles greeting and the French Expeditionary Corps. Vietnam was Vietnamese President partitioned at the 17th parallel. The Viet Minh withdrew Ngo Dinh Diem on north of the parallel and French forces to the south. New his visit to the USA military equipment fielding and French troop strength in 1957. Arriving in was capped. Only replacements could enter South Eisenhower’s personal Vietnam and the general elections would be supervised airplane, Diem was hailed as the “Savior by a United Nations International Control Commission 1 of Southeast Asia” (ICC). India, Poland, and Canada formed the ICC. From by the president. 1955 to 1960, internal political and military instability in the south did not go unnoticed by North Vietnam. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in the 1950s mirrored the post Korean-War American Army organization and was trained to conduct conventional LTG Samuel T. “Hanging Sam” operations against Communist invasion by North Williams. A Veteran of WWI, Vietnamese Regular Army forces. Little consideration WWII, and Korea he was the was given to counterguerrilla warfare. Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), Capitalizing on the situation, North Vietnamese- Vietnam from 18 November sponsored Viet Cong (VC) guerrilla forces in South 1955 to 1 September 1960. -
Bohemian Highlights
Bohemian Highlights Your itinerary Start Location Visited Location Plane End Location Cruise Train Over night Ferry Day 1 river cruise along the beautiful Danube. Welcome to Berlin Hotel - Mercure Korona Start your central European adventure in Berlin. Spend time meandering through this remarkable city before meeting your Travel Director and fellow travellers for a Included Meals - Breakfast Welcome Reception. Day 8 Hotel - Hilton Uncover the Treasures of Budapest We join a Local Specialist for a sightseeing tour, featuring views of the famous Included Meals - Welcome Reception Chain Bridge and the UNESCO-listed Castle Hill district with a visit to the Day 2 Fisherman's Bastion. See Heroes' Square to pay tribute to the Magyar chieftains Explore Bustling Berlin who founded the Hungarian nation. Spend the rest of the day exploring on your own or consider a trip to Szentendre, a lively riverside town renowned for its art Explore an iconic landmark of Berlin during an experience at the Berlin TV Tower, life. This evening, we Connect With Locals and join the Schieszl family for dinner you'll enjoy inspiring 360° views of the city and Spree River. See the neo- and hear the story of their winery at our Be My Guest experience. Renaissance Reichstag, Tiergarten, Brandenburg Gate and Unter den Linden Boulevard with a Local Specialist during your included sightseeing tour. Enjoy Included Meals - Breakfast, Be My Guest some free time this afternoon exploring the city on your own. Perhaps see the Day 9 remnants of the Berlin Wall, visit the infamous Checkpoint Charlie and enjoy a Fassbrause on the Friedrichstraße. -
Rhine & Moselle Splendors
RHINE & MOSELLE SPLENDORS Gondola ride over Rüdesheim’s vineyards, Germany Rhine & Moselle Splendors 1 night Paris, France + 2 nights Reims (Champagne), 7-night Wasserbillig, Luxembourg to Basel, Switzerland cruise & 2 nights Lucerne + 2 nights Zurich (or reverse) Discover the celebrated Champagne region of France | Sample Rheingau wines, Bamberg smoked beer and Rüdesheim’s famed coffee | Explore Trier, the “Rome of the North” l Delight in Schwetzingen Palace and its gardens | Soar high above Rüdesheim’s vineyards on a gondola DAILY PROGRAM ONBOARD CRUISE INCLUSIONS DAY DESTINATION ACTIVITIES 7-night cruise in elegantly appointed » 1 Paris Hotel check-in accommodations 2 Paris Transfer to Reims and WWI Highlights tour » Fine dining with a variety of choices Reims “Champagne and Coronation” city tour » Unlimited hand-selected wine, beer and soft 3 Reims Routes des Champagne tour with visits to drinks with lunch and dinner Epernay, Hautvillers and Champagne makers » Multiple dining venues of Veuve Clicquot and Moet et Chandon » Sip & Sail cocktail hour with complimentary 4 Luxembourg City “Grand Duchy” city tour wine, beer, spirits and soft drinks Wasserbillig P EMBARKATION » Welcome Cocktail, Welcome Dinner, La Chaîne 5 Trier “Rome of the North” tour des Rôtisseurs Dinner, Captain’s Cocktail and OR Petrisberg Hill hike OR Moselle bike tour Gala Dinner Bernkastel Walking tour and wine tasting » Professionally trained Wellness Host leading OR Landshut Castle hike a variety of exercise classes OR Moselle Bike Tour » Live local entertainment -
'The Anglo-American Alliance And
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Brunel University Research Archive This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Diplomacy & Statecraft, 23(3), 471-492, 2012 [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592296.2012.706536 ‘A long, slow and painful road’: the Anglo-American Alliance and the Issue of Cooperation with the USSR from Teheran to D-Day Martin Folly Abstract The Second World War Anglo-American alliance was less cohesive on the political side than the military. There were widening divergences between Britain and the United States with regard to the best way to handle cooperation with the USSR during 1944. There were some shared assumptions about the motivations of Soviet policy, but policy-makers in Britain and the US not only formulated different approaches, but consistently viewed their own ones to be more successful than those of their ally. There was an opportunity to coordinate polices in US Under-Secretary of State Edward Stettinius’s mission to London in April 1944, but the fact that the issue was barely discussed is symptomatic of the situation. The British Foreign Office gained the backing of Winston Churchill in an attempt to forge ahead with pragmatic arrangements with the USSR. A satisfaction with their own efforts on both sides meant that the British and American bureaucracies made no serious and sustained attempt to coordinate their policies to the USSR through 1944, in contrast to the closeness of cooperation in other areas. -
Imagining Saigon: American Interpretations of Saigon in the Twentieth Century
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2013 Imagining Saigon: American Interpretations of Saigon in the Twentieth Century Evan Cordulack College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Cordulack, Evan, "Imagining Saigon: American Interpretations of Saigon in the Twentieth Century" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623361. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-r50m-wm81 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Imagining Saigon: American Interpretations of Saigon in the Twentieth Century Evan Cordulack Decatur, Illinois Master of Arts, College of William & Mary, 2005 Bachelor of Arts, College of William & Mary, 2003 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy American Studies Program The College of William and Mary January 2013 © Copyright by Evan Cordulack 2012 APPROVAL PAGE This Dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Evan Cordulack Approved by the Committee, November, 2012 Committee Co-Chair, Associate Professor Lei^M eyer C ollege of William & Mary Committee Co-Chair Associate Professor Hiroshi Kitamura C ollege of William & Mary yAsspciaty professor Charles McCSdvern sge/of William & Mary A ssociate Professor Kristin H oganson University of Illinois ABSTRACT Saigon has occupied an important place in the American imagination.