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Compact Bone Spongy Bone Lamella (B) Bone Matrix Central (Haversian

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Compact Bone Spongy Bone Lamella (B) Bone Matrix Central (Haversian 2/7/20 (b) Flat bone (sternum) (a) Long bone (humerus) Spongy bone (d) Irregular bone (vertebra), Compact right lateral view (c) Short bone (talus) bone © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Articular cartilage Proximal epiphysis Spongy bone Epiphyseal line Periosteum Trabeculae of spongy bone Compact bone Osteon (Haversian Perforating Medullary (Volkmann’s) cavity (lined system) by endosteum) canal Blood vessel continues Diaphysis into medullary cavity containing marrow Blood vessel Lamellae Compact bone Central (Haversian) canal Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Periosteum Distal Periosteal epiphysis blood vessel (a) (a) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Lamella Osteon Osteocyte Interstitial lamellae Canaliculus Lacuna Lacuna Central Central Bone matrix (Haversian) canal (Haversian) canal (b) (c) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 5 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 2/7/20 Articular cartilage Bone growth Hyaline Spongy cartilage bone Bone grows in length because: New center of bone growth New bone Articular cartilage Epiphyseal forming 1 Cartilage plate grows here. cartilage Growth Epiphyseal plate Medullary in bone cavity width 2 Cartilage is replaced Bone starting Invading by bone here. to replace Growth blood cartilage in bone vessels length 3 Cartilage New bone grows here. Bone collar forming Hyaline Epiphyseal cartilage plate cartilage model In an embryo In a fetus In a child © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 7 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Bone remodeling Growing shaft is remodeled as: Hematoma Articular cartilage External Bony callus callus of spongy Epiphyseal plate bone New Internal blood Healed 1 Bone is callus vessels resorbed by (fibrous fracture tissue and Spongy osteoclasts here. cartilage) bone trabecula 2 Bone is added (appositional growth) 1 Hematoma 2 Fibrocartilage 3 Bony callus 4 Bone remodeling by osteoblasts here. forms. callus forms. forms. occurs. 3 Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts here. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 9 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Cranium Cranium Skull Facial bones Bones of pectoral Clavicle Clavicle girdle Thoracic cage Scapula Scapula (ribs and Sternum Sternum Upper sternum) Rib Rib limb Humerus Humerus Vertebra Vertebra Vertebral Radius column Radius Bones of Ulna Sacrum Ulna pelvic Carpals Carpals girdle Phalanges Phalanges Metacarpals Metacarpals Femur Femur Patella Lower Tibia Tibia limb Fibula Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges (a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 11 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 2/7/20 Parietal bone Frontal bone Anterior fontanel of skull Occipital bone Sphenoidal Parietal bone fontanel Mandible Clavicle Frontal Scapula Posterior bone fontanel Radius Ulna Humerus Occipital Femur bone Mastoid Tibia fontanel Ribs Temporal bone (b) Vertebra Hip bone © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 14 Coronal suture Frontal bone Anterior Parietal bone fontanel Sphenoid bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Lambdoid Lacrimal bone suture Squamous suture Nasal bone Parietal Occipital bone bone Zygomatic process Zygomatic bone Maxilla External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Posterior fontanel Alveolar processes Occipital Styloid process bone Mandible (body) (a) Mental foramen Mandibular ramus © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 15 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 16 Coronal suture Frontal bone Parietal bone Nasal bone Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Optic canal Ethmoid bone Temporal bone Lacrimal bone Zygomatic bone Middle nasal concha Infraorbital foramen of ethmoid bone Maxilla Inferior nasal concha Vomer Mandible Alveolar processes Mental foramen Sagittal suture Greater horn Lesser horn Anterior view Parietal bone Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Body Mastoid process of temporal bone Posterior view © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 17 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 18 2/7/20 Anterior Posterior 1st cervical Posterior vertebra (atlas) Cervical curvature (concave) 7 vertebrae, Lamina Vertebral 2nd cervical vertebra (axis) C1 – C7 arch Transverse Spinous 1st thoracic process process vertebra Transverse process Spinous Thoracic curvature process (convex) 12 vertebrae, T1 – T12 Intervertebral disc Superior articular Intervertebral foramen process 1st lumbar and vertebra Lumbar curvature facet (concave) 5 vertebrae, L 1 – L 5 Pedicle Vertebral foramen Sacral curvature (convex) 5 fused Body vertebrae Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae Anterior © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 19 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 (a) ATLAS AND AXIS (b) TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE Facet on superior Spinous Transverse Posterior articular process process process arch Vertebral foramen Anterior Transverse arch Transverse process Superior view of atlas (C1) foramen Superior view Superior Spinous articular Body Transverse process process process Facet on Spinous superior process Transverse articular process process Dens Facet on inferior Body articular process Superior view of axis (C2) Right lateral view © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 21 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 22 (c) THORACIC VERTEBRAE (d) LUMBAR VERTEBRAE Spinous process Spinous process Transverse Vertebral process foramen Vertebral foramen Transverse process Facet Facet on for rib superior articular Facet on process superior Body articular Body process Superior view Superior view Facet on Body superior Superior Body articular articular process process Facet on transverse Costal facet process Spinous for rib Facet on inferior process Spinous process articular process Right lateral view Right lateral view © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 23 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 24 2/7/20 T1 vertebra Jugular notch Clavicular notch Manubrium Sternal angle Body Sternum Xiphisternal True joint Superior Auricular ribs articular surface Xiphoid Ala Sacral (1–7) process canal process Body Median Sacrum sacral crest False ribs (8–12) Posterior sacral Intercostal foramina spaces L1 Sacral vertebra Coccyx hiatus Floating Costal cartilage ribs (11, 12) (a) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 25 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 26 Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Superior Acromio- Acromion clavicular Clavicle angle joint Glenoid cavity at lateral angle Spine Medial Scapula border Lateral border (a) Articulated right shoulder (pectoral) girdle showing the relationship to bones of the thorax and sternum (c) Right scapula, posterior aspect © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 27 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 28 Acromion Greater Head of Suprascapular notch tubercle humerus Superior border Lesser Coracoid tubercle Superior Anatomical process neck angle Intertubercular Glenoid sulcus cavity Lateral angle Deltoid tuberosity Lateral (axillary) Medial border (vertebral) Radial border fossa Medial epicondyle Coronoid fossa Inferior angle Capitulum Trochlea (d) Right scapula, anterior aspect (a) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 29 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 30 2/7/20 Head of Trochlear humerus notch Olecranon Head Coronoid Anatomical process Surgical Neck neck neck Radial Proximal tuberosity radioulnar joint Radius Radial groove Deltoid Ulna tuberosity Inter- osseous membrane Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Ulnar Radial styloid styloid Distal Lateral process radioulnar process Trochlea epicondyle joint (b) (c) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 31 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 32 Distal Middle Iliac crest Phalanges Sacroiliac (fingers) joint Proximal llium Coxal bone 4 3 2 (or hip bone) Sacrum Pelvic brim Metacarpals 5 (palm) 1 Pubis Coccyx Ischial spine Acetabulum Hamate Trapezium Ischium Pubic symphysis Carpals Pisiform Trapezoid Pubic arch (wrist) Triquetrum Scaphoid (a) Lunate Capitate Ulna Radius © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 33 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 34 False pelvis Ilium Ala Iliac crest Posterior Inlet of true superior pelvis iIiac Anterior superior spine iliac spine Pelvic brim Posterior Anterior inferior inferior iliac spine iIiac spine Pubic arch (less than 90º) Greater sciatic Acetabulum notch False pelvis Ischial body Body of pubis Ischial spine Pubis Inlet of true Ischial pelvis tuberosity Inferior pubic ramus Pelvic brim Ischium Obturator Pubic arch Ischial ramus foramen (more than 90º) (b) (c) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 35 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 36 2/7/20 Surgical Greater neck Head trochanter Head Inter- Inter- trochanteric trochanteric Lesser trochanter crest line Lesser trochanter Gluteal tuberosity Intercondylar fossa Medial Lateral condyle Lateral epicondyle condyle Medial epicondyle Patellar surface (a) (b) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 37 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 38 Intercondylar eminence Lateral Medial condyle condyle Phalanges: Head Tibial tuberosity Distal Proximal Middle tibiofibular joint Proximal Interosseous membrane Tarsals: Anterior Medial Metatarsals border cuneiform Fibula Tarsals: Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Tibia Navicular Cuboid Distal Talus tibiofibular joint Medial Lateral malleolus malleolus Calcaneus (c) © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 39 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 40.
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