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Shingon Buddhism Theory and Practice Pdf Shingon buddhism theory and practice pdf Continue Part of a series about the traditions of Wajrayan's BuddhismHistorical Tradition: Ari-Acharya Burma-Bengali † Indonesian esoteric Yunnan Buddhism † Filipino esoteric Buddhism † East Asian Han † Japanese Nepalese Inner Asian Tibetan (o, x, b, t, k, y) New Branches: Gate Hidden Flower New Kadampa Buddhism Shambhala Buddhism True Awakening Tradition History Tantrism Mahasiddha Sahaja Persecution Buddha Bodhisattva Kalachakra Practices Generation Stage Completion Stage Pova Tantric Techniques : Fourfold Separation : Kriyayoga Charyayoga Yogatantra Anuttarayogatantra Double Division: Inner Tantras External Tantra Thoughts Forms and Visualizations: Mandala Mantra Mudra Tanga Yantra Yoga: Deity Yoga Dream Yoga Yoga Yoga Ngondro Guru Yoga (Lama Yoga) Luminosity Yoga Sex Yoga Cakrasaṃvara Festivals GanachakraAya Tantra Machjusra-mala-kalpa Machjusramamgati Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra Vajrasehara Sutra Yuthok Nyingthig Symbols and Tools Damaru Ganta Kila Vajra Yab-Yam Instruction and Transmission Pointing Instruction by Samaya Vairahara series onMahy'na Unique Doctrines BodhisattVa Mind Awakening Void Consciousness Doctrine Three Bodies of The Naughty Nirvana Key s'trs Praishaparamita Satras Maharatnakia Satra Lotus Satra Vimalak'rti Sutra Avataṃsaka Abhamika Satra Saṃdhinirmocana Satra Tathagatagarabba Śūraṅgama Samadhi Satra Laṅkāvatāra Hyamaka Yogachara Vajrayan Tuanyay Huyan Zen Pure Land Nichiren Regional Traditions Han China Vietnam Vietnam Tibet Tibet Tibet Nepal Newar Mongolia vte Part series onBuddhism History Timeline gautam Buddha To sectarian Buddhism Silk Road Transfer Buddhism Decline in Indian Subcontinent Later Buddhist Buddhists Noble Eight-Fold Way Dharma Wheel Five aggregates Restlessness Suffering non-self-dependent origin Middle Way Empty Morality Karma Revival Saṃsāra Cosmology of Buddhist Texts Buddhavacana Early Buddhist Texts Tripitak Mahajan Sootras Pali Canon Tibetan canon Chinese canon practice Three jewels buddhist ways to the liberation of the Five Commandments of Perfection Meditation Philosophical Reasoning Dedicated Practices Merit to Make Memories Of Memory Wisdom sublime assistss Enlightenment Enlightenment Lay Life Buddhist chanting Pilgrimage Nirvana Awakening four stages Arhat Pratyekabuddha Bodhisattva Buddha Tradition Therav'da Pali Mahayana Hinyan Chinese Vajray'na Tibetan Navayana Newar Buddhism country Bhutan Cambodia China Japan Japan Japan Laos Mongolia Myanmar Myanmar Thailand Tibet Vietnam Outline Religion portalvte Central image of Mandala womb Realm, featuring the central figure of Mahawayrokan, five Buddha Dhyani, and the attendant bodhisattvas. Shingon Buddhism (真⾔宗, Shingon Sho) is one of the main schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Wajrayan lines in East Asia, originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amogawajra. Known in Chinese as Tangi (唐密; Esoteric School in China's Tang Dynasty), these esoteric teachings later flourished in Japan under the auspices of a Buddhist monk named Kakai (空海), who traveled to Tang China to acquire and request the transfer of esoteric teachings. For this reason, it is often referred to as Japanese esoteric Buddhism, or Orthodox esoteric Buddhism. The word shingon is a Japanese reading of the Chinese word 真⾔ (zh'ny'gon), which is the Chinese transcription of the Sanskrit word mantra. The history of drawing Buddhist doctrine and teachings by Kakai Shingon originated during the Sein period (794-1185) after as a Buddhist monk named Kukai went to China in 804 to study esoteric Buddhist practices in the city of Sian (⻄安), then called Chan-en, in the temple of the Azure Dragon (⻘⿓寺) under the direction of Huiguo, a beloved disciple of the legendary Amogawaji. Kukai returned to Japan as a successor to Huiguo and Dharma. Singon's followers commonly refer to Kookai Koibe-Daishi (弘法師, Grand Master of Dharma) or Odaisi-sama (お師様, The Great Master), a posthumous name given to him years after his death by Emperor Daigo. Before he left for China, Kukai was an independent monk in Japan for more than a decade. He was very well versed in Chinese literature, calligraphy and Buddhist texts. Esoteric Buddhism was not considered another sect or school at that time. Huiguo was the first person to assemble still scattered elements of Indian and Chinese esoteric Buddhism into a cohesive system. A Japanese monk named Gonsho (勤操) brought to Japan from China the esoteric mantra of Bodhisattva Okagagarbha, Cocajo-gumjiho (虚空蔵求聞持法 Kokshagarbha Memory Practice), which was translated from Sanskrit into Chinese Śubhakarasiṃha (善無畏三蔵, zenmui-Sanjo). When Kukai was 22 years old, he learned this mantra from Gonsho and regularly went into the Shikoku forests to practice it for long periods of time. He had been proving mantras in this practice for seven years and mastered it. Traditionally, this practice has earned him siddhis superhuman memory retention and learning ability. Kakai later praised the strength and effectiveness of Kokuzo-Gumonjiho's practice, attributing it to the opportunity to recall all of Huiguo's teachings in just three months. Respect For Kukai Oxhagarba was so big that he spent the rest of his life 本尊 his honzon (son). It was during this period of intense practice that Kakai dreamed of man, telling him to seek Mahawayrokan Tantra for the doctrine he was looking for. Mahawayrokan Tantra has only recently been available in Japan. He was able to get a copy in Chinese, but the large parts were in Sanskrit in Siddhaṃ a script he didn't know, and even the Chinese parts were too secret for him to understand. He believed that this teaching was the door to the truth he was looking for, but he was unable to fully understand it, and no one in Japan could help him. Thus, Kukai decided to go to China to spend the time necessary to fully understand Mahawayrokan Tantra. The main building of Xingenen, the Shingon Temple in Kyoto, founded by Kukai in 824, when Kukai reached China and first met Huiguo in the fifth month of 805, Huiguo was sixty years old and on the verge of death from a long wave of diseases. Huiguo exclaimed Kukai in Chinese (to paraphrase: Finally you've come! I've been waiting for you! Fast, prepare for initiation into mandala! Huiguo foresaw that esoteric Buddhism would not survive in India and China in the near future and that it was Kukai's destiny to see him continue in Japan. In a short span of three months, Huiguo initiated and taught Kukai everything he knew about the doctrines and practices of the Mandala of the Two Kingdoms, as well as mastered Sanskrit and (presumably to be able to communicate with Master Huiguo) chinese. Huiguo declared Kookai his final disciple and proclaimed him Dharma's successor, giving the name of the Henjo-Congo line (traditional Chinese: 遍照⾦剛; pinyin: Byengao Yangan) All-burning vajra. In the twelfth month of 805, Huiguo died and was buried next to his master, Amogaajraira. More than a thousand of his students gathered for his funeral. The honor of writing on their behalf his cheerful inscription was given to Kukai. Kukai returned to Japan after Huiguo's death. Had he not done so, Singon esoteric Buddhism might not have survived; Thirty-five years after Huiguo's death in 840, Emperor Vushun Tang took the throne. An avid Taoist, Vushun despised Buddhism and considered the sanghu useless tax evasion. In 845, he ordered the destruction of 4,600 vihars and 40,000 temples. Some 250,000 Buddhist monks and nuns had to give up their monastic lives. Vujun stated that Buddhism was an alien religion and zealously promoted Taoism as an ethnic religion of han Chinese. Although Vusun was soon killed by his own entourage, the damage was done. Chinese Buddhism, especially esoteric practices, never recovered from persecution, and esoteric elements were imbued with other Buddhist sects and traditions. After to Japan, Kakai collected and systematized everything he had learned from Huigou into the cohesive teaching of pure esoteric Buddhism that would form the basis for his school. Kakay did not establish his teaching as a separate school; it was Emperor Junn, who favored Kakai and esoteric Buddhism, in an imperial decree officially declared by To-ji (東寺) in Kyoto as an esoteric temple that would perform official rites for the state, coined the term Shingon-Sho (真⾔宗, School of Mantras). Kukai actively accepted the students and offered transmission until his death in 835 at the age of 61. The first monastery created by Kukai was on Mount Kyoya (⾼野), which has since become a base and place of spiritual retreat for The Shingon practitioners. Shingon was very popular during the Seyan period (平安時代), especially among the nobility, and made a great contribution to the arts and literature of the time, influencing other communities such as Tendai (天台宗) on Mount Hiei (⽐叡). Shingon's emphasis on the ritual found support in the Kyoto nobility, especially in the Fujiwara clan (藤原⽒). This favor has given Shingon several politically powerful temples in the capital, where rituals for the imperial family and the nation were regularly held. Many of these temples - To-ji and Daigo-ji (醍醐寺) in the south of Chito and Jinggo-ji (神護寺) and Ninna-ji (仁和寺) in the northwest - have become ritual centers, establishing their own ritual lines. The Singon Line is an ancient transmission of esoteric Buddhist doctrine that began in India and then spread to China in conjunction with Confucian and Taoist philosophy and then to Japan. Shingon is the name of this line in Japan, but there are also esoteric schools in China, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong that consider themselves part of this line (as the compilers of esoteric teachings) and universally recognize Kukai as their eighth patriarch. That is why the term Orthodox esoteric Buddhism is sometimes used. Shingon or Orthodox esoteric Buddhism claim that the representative of the doctrine was originally the Universal Buddha of Wyrokan, but the first person to receive the teaching was Nagarjuna in India.
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