Powerful & Influential in Government & Politics in 2016

Home , Bill Casey, Canadian Made, Catherine McKenna, Eva Aariak, Harjit Sajjan, Katie Telford

MODERNIZING MILITARY LAW/PRIME MINISTER’S QP/BILL CASEY

100TOP most POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL IN GOVERNMENT & POLITICS IN 2016

ROSEMARY BARTON >> JUSTIN TRUDEAU KATIE TELFORD BILL MORNEAU MICHAEL FERGUSON CATHERINE MCKENNA HARJIT SAJJAN BOB FIFE IS CANADA SIMON KENNEDY REALLY MÉLANIE JOLY BRIAN BOHUNICKY BACK? ROLAND PARIS DIPLOMATS ARE READYING FOR CANADA’S BIGGER BRUCE HEYMAN ROLE IN THE WORLD $6.99 Winter 2016 CHANTAL HÉBERT Power & Inﬂ uence hilltimes.com/powerinﬂ uence RONA AMBROSE MENDING FENCES ANNA GAINEY THE PUBLIC SERVICE’S RELATIONSHIP AND MORE WITH A NEW GOVERNMENT CANADA’S NON-COMBAT SHIPBUILDING PARTNER

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FEATURES IS CANADA REALLY BACK? 18 The Liberal government has pledged to renew Canadian diplomacy and Winter 2016 “recommit to supporting international peace operations with the United Nations.” Vol. 5 No. 1 What’s in store for Canada’s foreign affairs portfolio? PUBLIC SERVICE 180 22 Over the last decade, public servants have felt like implementers of commands as opposed to creators and innovators of ideas or solutions. They will have to retrain themselves to think differently. THE TOP 100 MOST POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 2016 24

26 54 35 47

COLUMNS CONNECTING THE DOTS: Trade and health care ethics 12 INSIDE THE POLITICAL TRENCH: A Prime Minister’s QP? 13 CANADA’S BIG CHALLENGES: Small businesses and the Canadian economy 16 COMMONS UNCORKED: Canadian terroir 76 THE AGENDA Doing Politics Differently 6 Steve Patterson on The Debaters 8 IDEAS On the cover: THE ESSAY: Women deserve and merit an equal voice at the political table 66 Modernizing Canada’s military law 14 MODERNIZING MILITARY LAW/PRIME MINISTER’S QP/BILL CASEY Big diversity in 21st century Canada 60 Society’s responsibility to strive for social compassion, public good 72 100TOP PEOPLE most POWERFUL SPOTLIGHT: Meet the new House of Commons Speaker Geoff Regan 62 & INFLUENTIAL IN GOVERNMENT & POLITICS IN 2016 VISUAL CV: Bill Casey’s principles over partisanship 64

ROSEMARY BARTON >> JUSTIN TRUDEAU KATIE TELFORD BILL MORNEAU MICHAEL FERGUSON PLACES CATHERINE MCKENNA HARJIT SAJJAN BOB FIFE IS CANADA Ottawa’s best-kept political secret: Ola Cocina 78 SIMON KENNEDY REALLY MÉLANIE JOLY BRIAN BOHUNICKY BACK? ROLAND PARIS DIPLOMATS ARE READYING FOR CANADA’S BIGGER BRUCE HEYMAN ROLE IN THE WORLD $6.99 Winter 2016 CHANTAL HÉBERT 4S[IV -RÂYIRGI LMPPXMQIWGSQTS[IVMRÂYIRGI CULTURE RONA AMBROSE MENDING FENCES ANNA GAINEY THE PUBLIC SERVICE’S RELATIONSHIP AND MORE WITH A NEW GOVERNMENT Politics and the Pen highlights the best of political writing 74 Rosemary Barton THREE WORDS: New MPs dish on their orientation session 61 photograph by Jake Wright. 20 QUESTIONS: Sommelier, former minister and Conservative star Michelle Rempel 80 CONTRIBUTORS

RACHEL AIELLO CHRISTOPHER ANJA joined The Hill GULY is a KARADEGLIJA Times team in contributing has a BA in 2014. Between writer to The Hill political science covering parties, Times and has and a bachelor’s policy briefings been a member in journalism from and Parliamentary of the Canadian Carleton University. process, she revels in being able Parliamentary Press She freelanced out to sink her teeth into a glossy Gallery since 1993. of Ottawa and Montreal before magazine feature. joining The Wire Report in 2013, where she’s the editor. She spends her days writing about telecom and MARTHA ILBOUDO media, with a focus on business and MARK BURGESS is a freelance policy, an experience that’s made was deputy journalist in her fully conversant in both tech and editor of The Hill Ottawa whose CRTC lingo. Times for two work has years, where he appeared in regularly reported the Ottawa Sun, on lobbying and the Ottawa Business CYNTHIA MÜNSTER public service. He’s now a writer and Journal and Our Homes Magazine. is a freelance editor with a magazine in Toronto. Originally from Ghana, she was five photojournalist years old when her family moved whose work has to Canada and settled in Montreal, appeared in most Que. When she’s not chasing her major Canadian SIMON DOYLE next big story she doesn’t mind publications. She is a freelance getting lost in a good book or two. previously worked journalist in as a reporter at The Hill Times Ottawa who and Quebecor and recently writes about ANTHONY MARS photographed for iPolitics. When business and she’s not taking photos she’s JENKINS was born politics, especially travelling the world or painting it. where they intersect. in Toronto where He teaches journalism at Carleton he delivered University and previously worked the Globe and Mail in his youth, as an editor in various roles at Hill JAKE WRIGHT Times Publishing. He’s on Twitter at then worked at the joined The Hill @sdoyle333. newspaper as a cartoonist for nearly 40 years. He now lives in Times in 2002 bucolic Mono (pronounced Moe- and has since no), Ont. His work can be viewed at covered five federal elections, ALLY FOSTER www.jenkinsdraws.com. is a countless political freelance journalist conventions and most, who previously if not all, of Ottawa’s political elite was a staff writer through his camera lens. In 2010, he for The Hill Times’ spent three months in Afghanistan sister paper, embedded with the U.S. military, Embassy, for almost where he never felt more alive. two years after graduating from Carleton University’s journalism program in 2012. After hours, she is a very dedicated self-teaching sommelier, and a somewhat less dedicated runner.

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111135815-12-5926-15-The Hill Times.indd 1 2015-10-29 09:41

test.indd 1 16-01-06 2:38 PM 2100, rue Drummond Montréal (Québec) H3G 1X1 29/10/15_09:39 Client : VIA Rail Nº 111135815-12 Format du PAP : 100% Description : MAGAZINE Nº VIA 5926-15 Trim : 10,375 x 13,5 in Publication : THE HILL TIMES (anglais) Type : 0,5 in de safety Conseillère : Bleed : +,125 Infographiste : Anick P. Visible : N/A Nom du fichier : 111135815-12-5926-15-The Hill Times.indd Les sorties laser ne reflètent pas fidèlement les couleurs telles qu’elles paraîtront Couleur : CMJN sur le produit fini. Cette épreuve est utilisée à des fins de mise en page seulement Editor’s note Climate change is now Putting together Top 100 list a labour Editor Bea Vongdouangchanh everyone’s business. Copy editor of love, tears, and–yep–some fears Christina Leadlay Contributors n 2014, I took a year-long and glorious With Mr. Trudeau’s commitment to Rachel Aiello It’s been a part of sabbatical from my job as the deputy editor of cabinet government, ministers will hold more Mark Burgess I Simon Doyle The Hill Times to do things unrelated to federal power now than in the previous Conservative Ally Foster politics. I travelled to India, Nepal, Bhutan, government (page 42) as will public servants Christopher Guly Cuba and North Carolina; volunteered; read (page 46). And, with the Liberal government’s ours since 1938. Martha Ilboudo Anthony Mars Jenkins fiction (who has time to read for pleasure in this promise to be more collaborative, the opposition Anja Karadeglija bubble?); and watched a lot of Netflix. parties will have more room to influence. It will Cynthia Münster I did miss the newsroom, especially when big be the media’s job (page 54) to keep everyone Columnists Since the devastating dust bowl conditions of the Great Depression, Keith Beardsley stories broke, but one thing I did not miss was on their toes and accountable. David Crane compiling the annual Top 100 Most Influential Both power and influence are changing Ducks Unlimited Canada has conserved wetlands. These habitats trap Asha Hingorani People in Government and Politics list (page 58). in this country, which is why this list is an Jacquie LaRocque and store massive amounts of carbon – second only to tropical rainforests. It’s not because I didn’t enjoy reading the list when important one. Guest columnists Andrew Cardozo it was all finished or because I didn’t think it was Readers will note that this digital version of When wetlands are destroyed, they release greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Michel Drapeau important, but, as many politicos note, it’s a mug’s the Top 100 list differs from the printed version Our best opportunity to address climate change is to save the wetlands we Grace Lore game of who’s up and who’s down—a subjective slightly. This is because on Jan. 20, well after Nancy Peckford still have and restore the ones we’ve lost. Jacques Shore exercise in crystal-ball reading based on the top P&I was put to bed, Prime Minister Trudeau Photographer issues and the top players involved in those top announced that he appointed Michael Wernick as Jake Wright issues. The list was started nine years ago and I the new clerk of the Privy Council, replacing Janice Vice-president, Sales and Development compiled six of them. It was nice to get a break. Charette who we originally had listed as number 15 Don Turner The Hill Times’ now former deputy editor in the Top 25. Because of this change, Mr. Wernick We’re ready to tackle climate change. 613-688-8825 | [email protected] Mark Burgess compiled the list last year, and, moves up on the list and Ms. Charette replaces him Let’s conserve Canada’s wetlands together. Advertising Coordinator thankfully, did so again this year just before he in the Public Servants section. Amanda Keenan left Ottawa for a magazine job (no, it wasn’t Enjoy reading the ninth annual Top 100 list. I Director of Advertising because he had to do the list again). I spoke hope you find it smart and interesting, as it’s an Find out more at ducks.ca Steve Macdonald 613-688-8841 | [email protected] to a few of my trusted sources to help him informative feature on the people shaping our out, but Mr. Burgess did most of the work. country and why. Directors of Business Development Craig Caldbick He consulted 10 political insiders—staffers, Of course, there are plenty of other great 613-688-8827 | [email protected] lobbyists, strategists—over a month to develop pieces to read in this issue. Simon Doyle tackles Martin Reaume 613-688-8836 | [email protected] the list. The final product is 100 people who will whether Canada is really back on the world shape government and politics, who hold the stage with this new Liberal government (page Advertising and Sponsorship Executive Ulle Baum levers of power and who are on the outside but 18) and Ally Foster assesses the 180-degree 613-688-8840 | [email protected] have leverage to influence the federal agenda in turn in the relationship between the federal Production Manager 2016. Profiles of the Top 100 start on page 24. public service and its political masters (page Benoit Deneault Any (bad) feedback should be directed to Mr. 22). Additionally, Rachel Aiello dishes on Senior Graphic and Online Designer Burgess, who’s reachable in Toronto (I’ve already Ottawa’s best-kept secret, Ola Cocina (page 78), Joey Sabourin had my fair share!). while Nancy Peckford and Grace Lore dissect Junior Graphic Designer But in all seriousness, the Top 100 list is women in politics in The Essay (page 66). Melanie Brown a reflection of power and influence today. Happy new year and enjoy this Winter Web Developer Kobra Amirsardari Following the election and with a change in edition of P&I. government, it’s quite a different list from the —Bea Vongdouangchanh General Manager, CFO Andrew Morrow previous eight. There are 58 new names. Thirty [email protected] Finance/Administration on the list are women, including 10 among the @bea_vdc Tracey Wale Top 25. That’s six more than last year, Reception primarily because Prime Minister Justin Alia Kellock Heward Trudeau appointed women to powerful Circulation Manager positions within cabinet. There are also six Chris Peixoto visible minorities on the list, double from Director of Reader Sales Ryan O’Neill last year, and two indigenous people. Publishers As one political insider notes, “in Anne Marie Creskey Ottawa, the influencers that hold the Jim Creskey real power are the ones that have a Ross Dickson combination of smarts and political Published by Hill Times Publishing 2016 Hill Times Publishing accumen. They know the files, they know All Rights Reserved. Power & Influence the players, they understand the political is published four times a year. landscape and they know how to get 69 Sparks Street, Ottawa, ON K1P 5A5 613-232-5952 hilltimes.com things done and move files forward.”

4—Power & Influence, Winter 2016

test.indd 1 16-01-11 2:28 PM Climate change is now everyone’s business. It’s been a part of ours since 1938.

Since the devastating dust bowl conditions of the Great Depression, Ducks Unlimited Canada has conserved wetlands. These habitats trap and store massive amounts of carbon – second only to tropical rainforests. When wetlands are destroyed, they release greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Our best opportunity to address climate change is to save the wetlands we still have and restore the ones we’ve lost.

We’re ready to tackle climate change. Let’s conserve Canada’s wetlands together. Find out more at ducks.ca THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA

More loose ﬁ sh needed in politics ‘You have a very unique opportunity for the new kids to tell the old kids to go stick it where the sun doesn’t shine.’

BY BEA VONGDOUANGCHANH

here needs to be more “loose fi sh” to fl out some of those conventions and Tin politics, says Green Party Leader precedents. So I think what we will have Elizabeth May. to do is there are things that are going to “One of my favourite quotes is from have to be written down in standing orders Sir John A. Macdonald who referred or legislation, like [banning improper] to his own caucus as loose fi sh. He had omnibus bills and the misuse of prorogation absolutely no idea on any given day how and a number of things,” she said. “A lot of his own members in his own caucus were this comes down simply to culture.” going to vote. It’s very clear that over the With a majority government that’s last 10 years there are not so many loose willing to implement change, Ms. fi sh. They’re very much nailed down or Vandenbeld said there’s a window to move they’re going to feel some pain,” she told forward. “We cannot squander this. We Elizabeth May. an audience at a Pearson Centre event on are at that point where I think there is a “Doing Politics Differently” in November tremendous political will from the top, 2015. from Parliament, from the public to be With the Liberals’ come-from-behind able to make these changes. We really need electoral victory in the last election on a to come together and do it because that campaign of “sunny ways” and “change,” window can close very quickly,” she said. politicos on the panel discussed how Ms. Vandenbeld also said that with politics has changed over the years, how technology and social media, government politicians and parties can truly re-engage and politics is closer to the public than ever. Canadians and whether any of early In the old days, she said, you had to join a positive veneer will wear off. political party to get involved in anything Ideally, there would be no political political. “Today, you can tweet the prime parties if improvements are to be made to minister. You’re in a situation where our parliamentary democracy, Ms. May instantaneously people, in civil society, said. “But that’s a long time coming,” she Michele Austin. know what their government’s decisions said. “In the mean time, restricting the are,” she said. “The concept of power and improper control over the parliamentary infl uence has changed. It used to be that process by backroom fi xers and spin infl uence was through proximity to the doctors is essential, or we will be a authority fi gure. And today, infl uence is democracy in name only.” about the breadth of your network and I’ve Liberal MP Anita Vandenbeld, who was seen a signifi cant shift.” also on the panel along with Earnscliffe Ms. Austin, former chief of staff Strategy Group’s Robin Sears and Summa to interim Conservative Leader Rona Strategies’ Michele Austin, said that part of Ambrose when she was a minister doing politics differently will have to include under Stephen Harper, said that there writing down rules that were previously is tremendous opportunity to do things conventions. “Sadly, one of the worst things differently, not least because there are more that’s happened in the last 10 years is you than 200 new MPs. Robin Sears. have a prime minister who was willing Continued on page 9 6—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 From left to right: John Fraser, MPP for Ottawa-South; the Honourable John McCallum, Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship; Robert Pace, Chairman of the Board of Directors of CN; Luc Jobin, Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer of CN; the Honourable Jane Philpott, Minister of Health; and David McGuinty, MP for Ottawa-South.

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ow in its 10th season, CBC Where to Send based on some of NRadio’s The Debaters is a his stand-up routines), says politics “unique comedy show” that makes good fodder for comedy, brings politics and laughs together, especially for stand-up comedians. says award-winning comedian and “We’ve had an embarrassment host Steve Patterson. of riches in the last little while in “It’s stand-up comics debating as Canada. I think everyone sort of you would see in a political debate between Rob Ford and the Duffy and obviously the goal of the show Scandal, and the various things is laughs; however, we get some that came out with the Harper pretty smart debaters who make government and a lot of them great salient points. It’s a unique affecting CBC directly with cut combination of comedy, but factual- backs—they would ask us not to take based comedy and the fact that it as many shots as we were, but I didn’t uses the debating format which see the use in not taking shots at everyone is familiar with and takes people that were openly taking shots some of those debating rules and at us—we try to ﬁ nd the funny in it,” overtly breaks them is what I think he says. “If we’re saying something, people like about it,” Mr. Patterson we just don’t want to be complaining. tells P&I. We do try to make a point with The Toronto-based stand-up everything we do. I think that politics comedian, who was named Best is important anywhere, especially here Male Stand-up Comedian in 2011 that people are just so angry that they and 2013 at the Canadian Comedy turned off over the last little while.” Awards, began hosting The Debaters Mr. Patterson, who says his job on in its second season in 2007, the show is to a non-biased and non- taking over from This Hour Has partisan referee, notes that with the 22 Minutes’ Shaun Majumder. The new Liberal government saying they Debaters, which receives 700,000 want Canadians to tell them about weekly listeners, tapes live shows in what they’re doing wrong, there cities across the country and covers will be more political fodder for mundane topics such as fork versus upcoming shows. “They’re basically spoon and limericks versus haikus, asking to be called to task on to entertainment questions such as anything,” he says. “That’s sort of our whether The Beatles are overrated job to comment on things that are and is William Shatner the greatest happening. … We get a chance to do actor of all time? it in a different way than Rick Mercer Many of the topics are also very would do it, or the sketch guys on political, for example, the show This Hour. It’s stand-up, which is a debated whether “it’s time for CBC very different way to do it, and in a to throw in the towel,” given all of the debate forum which people generally cut back to the national broadcaster know from political debates. When in recent years; door-to-door postal you can have fun with politics in a delivery; legalizing marijuana; format that people are used to I think abolishing the Senate; the Northern it adds an extra element.” Gateway Pipeline; climate change; ‘That’s sort of our job to comment on things that The Debaters will be taping live the Quebec Charter of Values; and are happening. … We get a chance to do it in a in Ottawa on Feb. 9 and 10 at 7:30 different way than Rick Mercer would do it, or ﬁ ghter jets among others. p.m. at Centrepointe Theatre. It will the sketch guys on This Hour. It’s stand-up,’ says then head to Victoria, B.C., on March Mr. Patterson, who has a book Steve Patterson, host of The Debaters. coming out this fall (“probably called Photograph by John Hryniuk 15 at 7:30 p.m. at the McPherson The Book of Letters I Didn’t Know Playhouse.

8—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 The people, ideas & events influencing OUR country The Agenda

you brought as a new voice to Parliament years. “The level of participation at the ‘The concept of that Canada voted to support you on.” grassroots level has to grow dramatically power and influence For Mr. Sears, it is not so much about for any influence over the behaivour doing politics differently, but governing of politicians to grow even slightly,” has changed’ differently. “Politics, after all, only drive he said. “Secondly, I think it means an government,” he said. increasingly narrow self-selecting group Continued from page 6 Mr. Sears also noted that party of people tend now to be in charge of structures should re-engage Canadians most political parties at the local level. As “You have a very unique opportunity into the political fold. He said fewer than Michele observed quite easily, you tend for the new kids to tell the old kids to go 250,000 Canadians have donated money to to associate with and try to recruit people stick it where the sun doesn’t shine. If the a political party in the last year and there who look like you and share your views. new kids say ‘I really have no interest in are fewer than 100,000 who are actively For much of Canada’s history, that meant doing work the way it has been done before,’ participating in politics by attending more old white guys like me. I think that has to in committees, in Cabinet committees, in than two events, being willing to run for be addressed.” Parliament, in private member’s business, I office and/or helping candidates. “That is Ms. May said, however, that just think there’s so many of the new kids that the lowest level of political participation because Canadians are not joining political the people who’ve been around a long time we have ever had in this country,” he said. parties, it doesn’t mean they’re not can and will have to take a breath and say, “I can remember in my youth, around politically engaged. “That doesn’t mean ‘What’s going on here? I don’t understand the time of the Magna Carta, the NDP in that people who get elected should care why the old ways don’t work so much,’” she Saskatchewan had 40,000 members. There less about ensuring that parliamentary told the audience at the Lord Elgin Hotel. isn’t a Canadian provincial party that has democracy inspires Canadians to reengage “I would say to the newly-elected MPs and 40,000 members today. So what does that and that’s where I’m encouraged,” she said. the staff and everyone who’s coming in as say about our politics?” “I’m going to spend the next four years fresh faces that you do have this unique He said the public should not expect to from the opposition side making points opportunity to be disruptive but respectful, have influence on the behaviour of their where I’m not satisfied with what the and you can embrace all of the things that politicians if all they do is vote every four government is doing.”

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—9

test.indd 1 16-01-06 2:40 PM THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA

A generation comes to life on stage tumultuous years in modern history, fuelled by a generation of children with incredible infl uence due to their numbers, and to he years 1945 to 1969 saw an epic change in contemporary the advances of technology and communication. In the BOOM TNorth American life from the economy and business, to generation, politics and culture merged like never before—and politics and music. Those were the baby boom years, in perhaps never again,” says the production’s website. which more than 8.2 million Canadians were born as a unique BOOM runs from Feb. 24 to March 12 at the NAC. generation that shaped the culture of our country. From the move to the suburbs, Cold War fears, Beatlemania Northern Lights and Trudeaumania, and other international events with impacts at home (the Vietnam war, the rise of communist China, and the The Baffi n Regional Chamber of Commerce and assassination of JFK), Canadian actor Rick Miller brings it all to the Labrador North Chamber of Commerce are jointly life on stage at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa this winter producing the Northern Lights, a high-profi le business and with his one-man stage documentary BOOM. cultural showcase of Nunavut, Nunavik, and Labrador/ It opened in Halifax, N.S., in October 2015 to rave reviews. Nunatsiavut. The conference, which runs from Jan. 27 to 30 “BOOM is a remarkable piece of theatre and a trip down at the Shaw Centre in Ottawa, Ont., focuses on opportunities memory lane,” Elissa Barnard wrote in the Chronicle-Herald. and challenges in Canada’s north. Topics include mining, “It’s a tour de force of technical wizardry marked by Miller’s energy, transportation, infrastructure, tourism, economic amazing talent at vocal impersonation. He shifts easily through development, northern sovereignty, science and research and over 100 voices from the smooth growl of Winston Churchill human resources. to the rock howl of Janis Joplin.” Mr. Miller wrote, directs and stars in the show which he Public Policy Forum’s annual spent three years creating. Testimonial Dinner “BOOM chronologically documents a historical period The Public Policy Forum will be hosting its Testimonial stretching from that fi rst ‘boom’ of the atomic bomb in 1945 all Dinner on April 7 at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre. the way to the Apollo 11 landing the fi rst human beings on the The annual event honours distinguished leaders from all Moon in 1969. These two iconic moments span 25 of the most sectors of Canadian society who have made outstanding

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10—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA contributions to the quality of public policy and good The exhibit runs until June 30 at the Canadian Museum of governance in our country and abroad. More than 1,000 Human Rights in Winnipeg, Man. people are expected to attend. Women and war The Witness Blanket Women played a large role in the First and Second World With the Truth and Reconciliation fi nal report on Indian Wars, working, volunteering and serving in uniform. Their residential schools released, the Canadian Museum of Human contributions are on display at the Canadian War Museum Rights’ art installation The Witness Blanket is a timely in Ottawa, in an exhibit called World War Women. “Through reminder that this black mark in Canada’s history will never be artifacts, images, audiovisual material, oral history and text, forgotten. World War Women delves into the personal stories of the Vancouver Island, B.C., Indigenous artist Carey Newman women associated with these materials. It is organized in created the piece from 887 pieces of reclaimed items from stand-alone thematic zones, each devoted to an element of residential schools, churches, government buildings, cultural the wars that particularly involved and affected women,” friendship centres, band offi ces, treatment centres and the museum says. “The contributions made by women to universities from across Canada. He travelled across the the Canadian war efforts were crucial, and their experiences country for more than a year and visited 77 communities to forged a new understanding of women’s capabilities both fi nd these items to weave into his artwork. within themselves and society.” The exhibit runs until April 3. “I made this blanket for the people who want to learn, and those who feel guilt. For those who walk beside us and Bacon & Eggheads those who are now ready to walk beside us. I made this for the conversations still to come, for the lessons we have yet to learn, The Partnership Group for Science and Engineering and the future we are building together,” Mr. Newman said in (PAGSE) hosts a breakfast event with Carleton University’s his artist’s statement about the piece. “I made this blanket for Chris Burn, titled “Permafrost science heats up: Understanding hope. I made it for truth. I made it to catch our tears. I made it and preparing for change in northern landscapes.” The event for reconciliation.” takes place on Feb. 4 at 7:30 a.m. in the Parliamentary Dining Room in Centre Block.

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—11 CONNECTING THE DOTS-HEALTHCARE ETHICS Canada’s work at APEC gives us a healthcare system we can stand behind

uch of the good work undertaken at collaboration at all levels. Ultimately, it is a model the Asia-Pacifi c Economic Cooperation with the capacity to cultivate a wider ecosystem of (APEC) forum doesn’t make headlines partnerships with a single goal—making healthcare here at home. But Canada has been better. Mleading the way on ethics in healthcare and it’s a story In order for the biopharmaceutical sector to we should be proud to share. succeed and to achieve sustainability across the This impressive wave of change that buoyed up Asia-Pacifi c it must build and maintain trust with global health leaders at APEC began on Canadian regulators, healthcare professionals, payers, patients shores. Canada’s innovative pharmaceutical industry and the public. The presence and perception of JACQUIE led the way in widely adopting APEC principles for unethical behaviour in the sector undermines trust. the codes of ethics in the biopharmaceutical sector They also lead to signifi cant adverse consequences LAROCQUE that became known as the Mexico City Principles. for research-based, multi-national enterprises, Jacquie LaRocque is principal These principles are intended as guidelines for from stifl ed collaboration and innovation to loss of of Compass Rose Group, a industry associations within each APEC economy reputation and brand strength. These consequences public affairs collective in to develop and implement codes of their own. It’s a have a direct effect on every segment of the business. Ottawa. She is a former senior story of Canadian leadership—of a business model They also erode industry’s efforts help patients. So adviser to a Liberal minister of with the capacity to revolutionize the healthcare why take this path? Specifi cally for every single one international trade, a former collaborative both here and abroad. Canada should of these reasons. public servant and has worked be commended, and so should industry. Indeed, the industry has a collective incentive in the biopharmaceutical The banner achievement coming out of Manila and responsibility—to itself, its partners, and its industry in various capacities. last November was meeting the Nanjing Declaration’s patients—to strengthen and harmonize ethical target: doubling the number of industry association business practices. Is it enough to shatter negative codes of ethics, from 33 to 67 in just three years perceptions on the global stage? Not in and of and expanding high standards to nearly 19,000 itself. But there is a cross-sectoral commitment to enterprises in two sectors. This initiative is a model ethics over corruption, transparency over secrecy, of multi-stakeholder collaboration between the accuracy over misrepresentation, trust-building over United States and Canada—a bold initiative aimed negligence, and safety over sales. Add that to the long at overcoming a major challenge to business, trade list of good that comes out of the industry: discovery, and growth in both economies. It is altering the innovation, development, and—yes, at times—a landscape across the Asia-Pacifi c region to strengthen cure. Then include the new medicines that improve the business environment. and prolong the lives of Canadians of all ages. This This platform constitutes the world’s largest shift is helping to change the face of an industry that collective action to strengthen business ethics in the has taken and continues to make great strides in biopharmaceutical sector. With inputs from more saving lives. than 1,000 public and private sector stakeholders, We are all drawn into the healthcare system at it builds capacity to the highest standards for all some point in our lives: as an advocate, a caregiver industry actors and facilitates multi-stakeholder or most likely, as a patient. For that very reason we ethical collaborations. It is also the only platform should take notice of the environment APEC has within which industry efforts to strengthen ethical created—and our country and industry leadership practices are reported to and supported by heads of at the table—in order to push for a code that puts state. patients fi rst. The sum total: a life sciences sector As these APEC member economies take the the public can stand behind, in which business and model back to their respective healthcare networks, government can invest and engage, and in which Canadian brand-name pharmaceutical companies innovation has more room to grow which means stand arm-in-arm in their commitment to behaving access to medicines for people who need them. ethically in all they do. It is more than a culture It is worth taking a moment to celebrate this among a few research and development companies. achievement spearheaded by Canada and by It is an unwavering mantra across a robust Canada’s research-based pharmaceutical companies. membership. There are “takeaways” in this for everyone and the The model seems simple enough. It puts best way for Canada to keep affecting change on the patient fi rst. It adopts a fi rm practice of the world stage is to take what might seem like a accountability and transparency. It frowns upon single dormant issue, pick it up alongside domestic misrepresentation of products. It is about not industry, and trail blaze for the rest of the world to just gaining trust, but deserving it. It welcomes see and follow. 12—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 UPDATING QUESTION PERIOD-INSIDE THE POLITICAL TRENCH A PRIME MINISTER-ONLY QP SOUNDS GREAT BUT THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS

he new Trudeau government has promised how many he would take if there was a designated to reform our often maligned Question Prime Minister’s Question Period one day a week. Period. This all sounds good, but the truth Most people refer to the British system which will be in the fi nal framework and the nuts designates Wednesday when making the comparison. Tand bolts of how it operates. And therein lies the catch. Will this rejigging of QP be simply an attempt to There are some serious points to consider. The keep Prime Minister Justin Trudeau out of the House British system allows for the PM to respond to where he is exposed to daily questions and, more written questions submitted in advance and anyone importantly, held accountable at least three days from any party can submit a written question and a week? Will this be an attempt to limit the media they are then drawn from a hat. This does limit scrutiny that fl ows from Question Period or will it be the opportunities given to other party leaders who KEITH a genuine effort to improve Question Period? may want to rise on important issues not only on BEARDSLEY I suspect it’s a bit of both. Wednesday, but other days as well. It also allows As presently structured Question Period and the for extensive prepping from the PM’s team on Keith Beardsley was a preparation for it, takes up a huge amount of staff the question to be asked, so that what you get is ministerial chief of staff in time as well as the prime minister’s time. On the a structured answer instead of a prime minister Progressive Conservative Conservative side it would not be unusual for the responding and possibly getting caught off guard prime minister Brian three main days (Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday) and giving an answer that he believes in rather than Mulroney’s government, to take up a two to three hours per day of the PM’s one for which he has been prepped. worked in former PC leader Peter MacKay’s offi ce in 1997 time depending on the issues in the media. That did Another key issue is how many seconds will and joined Stephen Harper’s not include a QP team of staffers that would be at be allocated per question and answer? Would they opposition leader’s offi ce after work from 4 a.m. until roughly 11 p.m. monitoring, allow a 45 second question and answer instead of the merger of the PC and researching and prepping for the next day’s session. 34 seconds? Questions could be much tougher, but Canadian Alliance parties. He So yes, it can be time consuming and a answers could offer much more detail as well. If I worked in the Prime Minister’s distraction for the prime minister, but is that a were in one of the opposition parties, I would push Offi ce from 2006 to 2008. minor issue compared to having him not held for that. The devil is in the details. accountable? It is also possible with that system that on some No one should expect any prime minister to be days, most of the questions could come from the in the House for Question Period on Monday and Liberals. Do we really think they will be designed to Friday. Both are travel days with a high absentee hold their own leader accountable? Remember these rate in the House. Friday QP is a joke and not all are written questions. Which Liberal backbencher that necessary except it does give backbenchers and will write anything other than a softball question and Parliamentary Secretaries a chance to stand up and risk the wrath of PMO? perform for their voters. It is also a chance to focus Now a QP set aside for the PM where he takes on regional and local issues that don’t resonate roughly 20 free fl owing questions from anyone in Ottawa. However, a long list of questions and including the opposition leaders (with a few set aside answers that are read out from notes does not make for his own MPs as happens now), does have merit. for a scintillating Question Period. For those who It could be much better to have him accountable can remember that far back, we used to refer to for every answer that day and leave him free to do Friday QP as the “F Troop” harking back to that TV his work the rest of the week—provided, of course, comedy show. that there is a recall mechanism built in that would One can certainly make a valid argument to let the opposition summon him to the House if a abandoning the Friday QP session all together. particularly big issue explodes on a day other than But is limiting the PM to one day a week also Wednesday. limiting our right as taxpayers and voters to have Let us see where this goes, but one key feature him held accountable for his government’s actions of our present system is how our prime ministers and decisions? One can argue about how many are held accountable—we shouldn’t do anything to questions he answers in any given day now, versus lessen that.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—13 IDEAS-MILITARY JUSTICE WINDS OF CHANGE?

The Canadian military justice system is so far removed from the society it is supposed to represent and defend.

ilitary law in Canada, with its own On Nov. 13, 2015, the faculty of law at the governance regime and penal justice University of Ottawa hosted the fi rst ever academic system, tends to evolve slowly and Military Law Conference in Canada. The conference quite separately from civil society. This featured 20 world-renowned experts who illuminated Mis due in large part to two interconnected factors. the fact that military justice globallyw, particularly First, the Judge Advocate General (JAG), who reports in countries with whom we share a common legal to the minister of National Defence, has alone the heritage and similar values, is going through a period unfettered governance over all uniformed actors in of foment by enacting major reforms and shrinking the military justice system. Second, the distinctiveness military justice jurisdictions in favour of increased of the military justice system from the mainstream civilian capacity and a fairer system that affords TM Colonel-Maître of national (criminal and administrative) law is rights to our military personnel. This inaugural MICHEL W. reinforced by the fact that there is only a very tiny conference served as a real eye-opener and “une prise number of judges, lawyers, law professors, legislators de conscience” by civil society illustrating how far DRAPEAU and public offi cials who concern themselves with removed and alienated the Canadian military justice military law. Not even the Canadian Bar Association, system is from the society it is supposed to represent Michel W. Drapeau is a which has the mandate to pursue improvement in and defend. professor of military law at the law and the administration of justice, intervenes Some of the major highlights from our the University of Ottawa. He in this domain—a situation made inevitable when international speakers include the following: also served in the Canadian in 2014 its CEO accepted a key appointment in the 1. The president of the European Organisation Forces for 34 years retiring military legal branch as honorary colonel, placing him of Military Association, an umbrella structure in 1993 in the rank of colonel. He is the co-author, and the CBA in a perceived confl ict of interest. composed of 41 military associations and trade with Gilles Létourneau, of Not surprisingly, therefore, suggestions for much- unions from 25 countries with a total membership Military Justice in Action: needed modernization and enhanced fairness of the of approximately 500,000, informed the audience Annotated National military justice system have so far been met with an that the right to freedom of association and related Defence Legislation, Second indifferent reception from the lawmakers. Whether it rights for military personnel are well recognized Edition. relates to such matters as sexual assaults in military in international legislation. Experience has colleges and elsewhere, mistreatment of military shown that the manifestation of such rights has families and PTSD sufferers, in camera military board not compromised combat effi ciency or military of inquiries instead of coroner’s inquests, a broken discipline. Quite the contrary. Involving democratic military grievance system or the lack of competence military associations in a well-structured dialogue of the military police, the occasional hues and cries with political and military authorities has de facto from the general public, driven principally by media improved morale and loyalty of troops. They can reports, might appear ab initio to be forceful agents for also enhance the status of the military profession in real change. However, in reality such clamouring has society. not led parliamentarians to make legislative changes 2. The president of the International Society for that would contemporize the military justice system. Military Law and the Law of War briefed attendees Yet, one would legitimately expect changes which on the worldwide evolution of military jurisdictions. are in-line with contemporary Canadian legal doctrine Specifi cally, he noted that on the European continent and principles as well as in harmony with a majority the lack of transparency in military legal procedures of our allies. Ironically, however, when Parliament and the existence of ‘special rules’ not in conformity has acted, the military has had a capacity to delay the with civilian standards have created a general spirit of implementation of many such reforms. For instance, discontent and suspicion giving rise to several appeals 60 of the 134 sections of Bill C-15, Strengthening before the European Court of Human Rights. The Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act, which judgments of this court led countries such as the was enacted into law on June 19, 2013, have yet to United Kingdom, Ireland etc., to make fundamental be put in force. Yet, pending provisions covering changes to their summary trial procedures— areas such as extension to limitation periods for civil something that is still severely lacking in Canada. claims, admissions, defi nition of sentencing principles, In the meanwhile, by way of political action, absolute discharge, intermittent sentences, restitution Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland and victim impact statements aimed at rendering France, Germany, the Netherlands have abolished fairer our military justice system are side-tracked. military courts entirely.

14—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 MILITARY JUSTICE-IDEAS

3. Both the JAGs from the United criticism which is far from being abated the jurisdiction of military tribunals.] Kingdom and Canada addressed the by the timid actions of DND in response Similarly, the summary trial system, conference. Their juxtaposition starkly to the Deschamps Report on Sexual whose very constitutional validity was revealed their antipodal tenure. Misconduct in the Military. also openly questioned by experts, JAG for the U.K.: The JAG has been The expansion of the military justice has remained intact despite the fact a civilian High Court Judge since 1948. system has resulted in a corresponding that it substantially deviates from the (Ireland, Australia and New Zealand have loss of a high number of rights for our norms of fundamental fairness that followed suit.) The JAG is independent soldiers, including the constitutional right should not be tolerated or allowed from the executive branch and is not to a jury trial, the right to a preliminary to continue to operate. Moreover, accountable to the government. He is held inquiry, the loss of the benefi ts to a and most bizarrely, victims of crimes to and possesses the same standards of hybrid offence etc. for those prosecuted investigated or prosecuted under military independence and impartiality as a civil before and tried by military tribunals. jurisdiction have been patently excluded court judge. The JAG is responsible for [Of note, civilians including dependants, from the recently enacted Victims Bill of appointing civilian judges to preside over contractors and journalists, as well as Rights. It is somewhat unseemly to think military tribunals (courts-martial and members of their family accompanying appeals of summary trial convictions). The the Canadian Forces abroad fall under Continued on page 79 JAG is no longer part of the U.K. Ministry of Defence. He does not provide legal advice to the military chain of command. JAG for Canada: The JAG is not a judge or judicial offi cer. He is a lawyer Y with a military rank whose role is one of legal adviser. The JAG has been do Canada’s airports matter? conferred a plenipotentiary mandate over the administration of the military and 1990 2016 penal disciplinary justice system. He has monopolistic authority to provide advice Airports managed Airports operated by self-sustaining, by the federal non-share capital corporations that to all stakeholders in the military justice government. reinvest surpluses back into the system on practices, developments and airport. reforms. Part of the executive, he proposes Spent by Canadian Paid annually in taxes by changes to the National Defence Act. $130 taxpayersrs to support $7 Canada’s airports The JAG for the U.K. observed with million airport operationso . billion to federal and candour that: “The U.K. has increasingly provincial governments. had to replace functions previously Taxpayer dollars to Invested without taxpayer support $50 improve airport facilities. performed by service personnel with $19 since 1992 to improve facilities at million billion Canada’s airports. civilians to demonstrate ‘independence and impartiality.’ It is important that those civilians who operate in the system enjoy the confi dence of both the military and the general public to ensure military justice is not perceived as a cover up on the one hand or oppression on the other.” The conference also raised awareness of existing differences between the Canadian military and the Canadian civilian justice system which are no longer warranted or justifi ed and which bring unfairness to military members. It also addressed a wide range of subject areas dealing with, inter alia, the disciplinary jurisdiction of military tribunals which has expanded to the point that only the offences of murder, manslaughter and abduction of children, when committed in Canada, cannot be tried by service tribunals. Indeed since 1998, the military has been granted jurisdiction for the investigation and prosecution of sexual assaults, a situation Canada’s Airports: Come Take Flight which is the subject of increasing public canadasairports.com

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—15 CANADA’S BIG CHALLENGES-SMEs Is small business really contributing to economic growth and innovation?

or all of our political parties, small is beautiful—at least when it comes to small business. All three major parties in the recent There’s little federal election campaign promised tax cuts “evidence that most Ffor small business. But why? The NDP, which promised to cut the small small businesses are job business tax rate by two percentage points to nine per cent in two years, called small business “the creators, once they have real job creators,” and this seems to be the thinking been established.” among the other parties as well. The Conservatives and Liberals also promised to cut the rate to nine per remaining small. One study, by Jay Dixon of Industry DAVID cent, but over four years. Canada, found that most businesses do not change Following up, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has employment very much from year to year. Rather, CRANE appointed a Minister of Small Business and Tourism, it is those that are expanding rapidly, or shrinking Bardish Chagger from Waterloo, Ont., whose rapidly, that account for much of the employment David Crane is an award- mandate includes working with Finance Minister Bill created and destroyed each year. It was young winning journalist with Morneau to ensure the promised small business tax businesses, not necessarily small businesses, that were special interests in the cut is implemented. the job creators, while rapidly shrinking businesses economics of globalization, The small business tax rate, which has existed tended to be small businesses. innovation, sustainable in some form since 1949, is limited to Canadian- Of the roughly 500,000 fi rms that contributed development and social controlled private corporations. In 2000, the tax rate to employment each year, nearly 50 per cent of the equity. He can be reached at [email protected]. was 13 per cent and limited to the fi rst $200,000 of jobs came from a small group of young high-growth taxable income. In 2000, 374,000 small businesses fi rms, growing at least 20 per cent a year, so-called claimed the low tax rate. gazelles. Gazelles are growth-focused, tend to have Today, the tax rate is 11 per cent and the threshold proprietary technology, invest in innovation and is now $500,000 in taxable income. In 2011, some export. So some economists suggest that we should 624,000 small businesses claimed the deduction, with give a special low tax rate to businesses that are many more small businesses qualifying as a result of young, rather than because they are small. Peter the higher threshold. Howitt, in a report for the C.D. Howe Institute, takes Most provinces have also followed in federal this position. footsteps, according to Finance Canada, so that a “New jobs and new technologies tend to be qualifying business with $500,000 in taxable income brought into being by very young fi rms, which also has seen since 2000 its federal tax cut from $113,600 tend to be small,” Howitt observed. But most of the to $55,000 while the provincial tax has been reduced benefi ts of the small business tax rate go to mature from $53,750 to $21,000. small businesses that are not adding jobs or pushing The cost of the small business tax rate is high, hard on innovation. estimated at $3.2-billion to the federal treasury in Ted Mallet, chief economist of the Canadian 2014 and an additional $3-billion-plus to provincial Federation of Independent Business, agrees the small treasuries. The Conservatives estimated that their business tax rate is “an imperfect mechanism,” but promise to lower the federal small business tax maintains it’s needed: Small business has diffi culty rate over four years would mean an additional in obtaining credit so needs retained earnings that $2.7-billion in tax benefi ts to qualifying companies. the tax benefi t delivers; second, small businesses But is this the best way to improve innovation and face relatively higher costs than large businesses boost economic growth? complying with government regulations so this is There’s little evidence that most small businesses compensation. are job creators, once they have been established. But this is not an argument for further small Moreover, most small businesses are neither big business tax cuts. It’s time to review the small investors in new technology, nor are they big business tax rate to determine its contribution to exporters. According to an Industry Canada study, economic growth, innovation and employment. just 1.4 per cent of small businesses export. In the meantime, plans for further cuts should In fact, once established, most small businesses be shelved. There must be better ways to pursue appear to have little growth in employment, innovation, growth and jobs.

16—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 En choisissant VIA Rail pour vos voyages d’affaires, vous aidez le gouvernement à réduire ses dépenses et permettez aux contribuables d’économiser. De plus, vous maximisez votre productivité. N’attendez plus, partez en train dès aujourd’hui!

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Liaison Nombre de Distance Temps Temps Coût du voyage Coût du voyage Économies pour départs par jour productif en train non productif en voiture** en train le contribuable en voiture* (à partir de (voyage en seulement) train)***

Ottawa Toronto Jusqu’à 16 450 km 4 h 01 min 4 h 34 min 467 $ 44 $1 423 $

Ottawa Montréal Jusqu’à 12 198 km 1 h 47 min 2 h 27 min 227 $ 33 $1 194 $

Ottawa Québec 2 482 km 5 h 23 min 4 h 39 min 488 $ 49 $1 439 $

Toronto Montréal Jusqu’à 17 541 km 4 h 34 min 5 h 30 min 562 $ 44 $1 518 $

1 Les employés du gouvernement du Canada profitent d’un rabais de 10 % sur les meilleurs tarifs pour tous les trains et classes de VIA Rail Canada. Valable si vous voyagez par affaires ou pour le plaisir. Des conditions s’appliquent. Pour plus de renseignements, communiquez avec les services de TPSGC.

* 30 minutes ont été ajoutées à la durée totale du voyage en voiture afin d’inclure les retards dus au trafic et au mauvais temps. ** Le coût du voyage en voiture est calculé selon la formule suivante : coût en $ du voyage en voiture (Taux de 0,55 $/km établi par le Conseil du trésor pour l’Ontario pour une voiture conduite par un employé du gouvernement X distance parcourue) + (taux horaire moyen d’un employé gouvernemental de 48 $/h selon un salaire de 100 000 $ par année, y compris les avantages sociaux X durée du voyage) = coût total en $ pour le contribuable. *** L’économie pour le contribuable associée aux voyages en train est calculée selon la formule suivante : Coût du voyage en voiture – coût du voyage en train = économies pour le contribuable.

111135815-12-5926-15-The Hill Times.indd 2 2015-10-29 09:42

test.indd 2 16-01-06 2:38 PM 2100, rue Drummond Montréal (Québec) H3G 1X1 29/10/15_09:39 Client : VIA Rail Nº 111135815-12 Format du PAP : 100% Description : MAGAZINE Nº VIA 5926-15 Trim : 10,375 x 13,5 in Publication : THE HILL TIMES (Francais) Type : 0,5 in de safety Conseillère : Bleed : +,125 Infographiste : Anick P. Visible : N/A Nom du fichier : 111135815-12-5926-15-The Hill Times.indd Les sorties laser ne reflètent pas fidèlement les couleurs telles qu’elles paraîtront Couleur : CMJN sur le produit fini. Cette épreuve est utilisée à des fins de mise en page seulement FEATURE-CANADA & THE UN

Environment and Climate Change Minister Catherine McKenna met with UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon at the United Nations climate change negotiations, COP21, in Paris, on Dec. 10, 2015. UN photograph by Mark Garten

By Simon Doyle

here have been smiles on the reverberated back to us,” says Michael faces of Canadian diplomats Grant, deputy permanent representative at the UN mission in New for Canada to the UN, alluding to Mr. York. Embarrassing as it was Trudeau’s “it’s 2015” comment about A Tin November—when Foreign Affairs his gender-balanced cabinet team. “His department employees gushed over response to the question about the a surprise visit from Prime Minister makeup of his cabinet is probably the Justin Trudeau with cheers, hugs and one I hear the most, and it’s something selfies—the change in government in that’s praised. Already, it stands as a Ottawa has fed hopes among diplomats symbol for what Canada stands for here that Canada can play a bigger role at in the UN.” the United Nations. Mr. Trudeau appointed Marc- new The October election ended André Blanchard as the ambassador Stephen Harper’s term as prime and permanent representative of minister, a leader who was criticized Canada to the UN on Jan. 16. The for an authoritarian style, skipping a appointment is effective April 1. All 2014 UN summit on climate change of Canada’s foreign missions have and fumbling a 2010 bid for a seat on received a vote of support from Mr. the Security Council. At the same time, Trudeau in a letter that said a “new it brought in a government that has era” was upon them. Encouraged, eraAfter years of withdrawing pledged to renew Canadian diplomacy diplomats will also be watching for and “recommit to supporting the PM’s key appointments for new from multilateralism globally international peace operations with Canadian ambassadors in Washington, and engagement with the the United Nations,” as the Liberal London and Beijing. campaign platform stated. Already, One UN official familiar with United Nations, diplomats diplomats for other missions at UN the Canadian mission, speaking on a are readying for Canada’s headquarters are looking at Canada a background basis, says some like- little differently. minded countries at the UN were bigger role in the world. Is “Certainly, when he was sworn unpleasantly surprised with Canada’s Canada really back? in, some of those statements have position under Mr. Harper to back

18—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 CANADA & THE UN-FEATURE

away from strong support for reproductive were visibly happy after the election, the rights and not fund abortion as part UN official says. of the maternal and child health plan. David Carment, a professor of There was also surprise at Canada’s stark international affairs at Carleton University, support for Israel, not only in rhetoric, says there’s a perception that Canada is but in cutting funding to a UN agency for closely aligned with the United States at Palestinian health care and other groups the United Nations, though he expects You can’t supporting Palestine. Diplomatic missions the Trudeau government to expand its to the UN are now hoping Canada will be engagement with “like minded” countries more engaged and contribute more to the it’s already working closely with on turn back UN’s sustainable development goals. The climate change, such as states in Northern ‘‘ outlook, while ambitious, may be one of Europe, Scandinavia, Southern Africa and the clock the reasons Canadian officials in New York South Asia. and go back to a time when Canada was engaged Unfurnished & Furnished and a Studio, 1 & 2 Bedroom Suites respected player at all levels of UN activity.”

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—19 FEATURE-CANADA & THE UN

“They’re probably going to be much retired Canadian diplomat and former and that while some peace operations more selective in how they engage in the permanent representative of Canada to the might advance accords or ceasefi res, others organization, but that doesn’t mean they UN. “Now, in some of these cases, the UN are working in situations where there is no aren’t going to be a multilateral player,” is seen by the combatants as just another peace to keep. Mr. Carment says. Canada’s role in the combatant. The UN has to be capable “The United Nations has in the past G7 and G20 will also be important fora of not just defending itself, but carrying year gone through some signifi cant soul for multilateral discussions that may feed out its mission, and part of that mission searching, if you will,” Mr. Grant says, back to the UN. is often the protection of civilians. … It’s referring to the reviews of peacekeeping The Trudeau government may fi nd more dangerous than ever now.” operations, special political missions, it harder than expected to strengthen The Liberal campaign platform peace building operations and other peace UN multilateralism, Mr. Carment says, promised to renew the country’s and security issues. partly because many Liberal players have commitment to peacekeeping through “Given the clear message from the returned to the fold, including cabinet critical logistical and other types of new government that we are reengaging advisers and Foreign Affairs Minister support. The Liberals said they would on peace operations, the timing is ideal, Stéphane Dion, who recognize that the support UN peace operations by making because in many ways we’re getting in on world, and Canada’s role in it, has changed specialized capabilities available on a the ground fl oor of the UN moving in new since they were last in power. “You can’t case-by-case basis, “from mobile medical directions, doing things more effi ciently, turn back the clock and go back to a time teams to engineering support to aircraft with more effect, and taking into account when Canada was engaged and a respected that can carry supplies and personnel.” that the world has changed.” player at all levels of UN activity,” Mr. Canada will also provide personnel who He says offi cials in Ottawa are now Carment says. can help the UN respond more quickly looking more closely at how Canada One of the biggest changes is that to emerging and escalating confl icts, can help fi ll capability gaps in UN peace peace operations are much more and assist in civilian police training operations, gaps such as communications dangerous. It’s not uncommon for UN operations. and medical support, the protection of peacekeepers to exchange fi re with Mr. Heinbecker says this means peacekeepers and countering improvised combatants or come under attack. The Canada will inevitably have to increase explosive devices. ongoing peace operation in Mali, perhaps its troop contributions to the UN, which “There’s a lot of work that goes on the UN’s most dangerous, has claimed the currently stand at 18, according to the at the UN here under the radar screen lives of more than 50 UN peacekeepers. UN. Canada is providing an additional 89 in terms of our chairmanship of various The mission in Darfur has seen 48 police and nine military experts for a total committees, and Canada has always been UN peacekeepers killed as of October, of 116 personnel. seen as that country that can play that 2015, according to the UN, and in the The Liberal platform commitments are role,” Mr. Grant says. “The fact that we Democratic Republic of Congo, it’s 18. a recognition of recommendations made have a government that’s made it clear that At the same time, Canadian offi cials are this summer by an independent panel it wants to do so in a more active, more already having initial conversations about on peace operations, led by José Ramos- prominent way, has already been applauded peace operations. Horta, the former president of East Timor. by the UN and by member states, and as “There is no traditional peacekeeping The report acknowledged that the world I mentioned, the foreign service is quite anymore,” says Paul Heinbecker, a of peacekeeping isn’t what it used to be, excited about it as well.”

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Visit Sezlik.com/listings to view all listings Proud partner of: and more details! [email protected] *Based on residential sales, closed & collected commissions in 2015. Treasury Board President Scott Brison, left, is in charge of the public service. Public Service Alliance of Canada president Robyn Benson, opposite page, says her union will hold the federal government’s ‘feet to the ﬁ re’ on rebuilding the tense relationship between civil servants and their political masters. P&I photographs by Jake Wright MENDING FENCES The public service seems keen to rebuild a relationship with the new federal government, but what will it look like once election euphoria wears off?

BY ALLY FOSTER

hen Prime Minister Justin to agree on a number of things: before in offi ce. He was often said to mistrust Trudeau and his Cabinet the polls showed a sweeping majority the public service, and the Conservative Wministers arrived at the Lester for the Liberals, there was a widespread government came under heavy fi re for B. Pearson building on Nov. sense of low morale and despair within major budget and staffi ng cuts—which 6, 2015 for an orientation session, they the federal public service, and a culture of was expected to total 19,000 jobs lost—as were greeted with raucous cheers, fl ashes feeling underused and underappreciated. well as for powers it bestowed upon itself of iPhone cameras (some taking selfi es), But in his fi rst two months in the in omnibus budget implementation Bill and excited chatter amongst the crowd Prime Minister’s Offi ce, Mr. Trudeau’s C-59 to unilaterally make changes to sick of employees who had gathered, forming reiterated commitment to having a more day policies and collective bargaining semicircles around the politicians as they collaborative partnership with the public rights. There were also proposed changes to made their way through the foyer. service, and harnessing its expertise for increase employees’ pension contributions Public servants shouted praise for evidence-based policy-making, has caused while bumping up the age of pensionable the prime minister, and high-fi ved him initial waves of enthusiasm and optimism retirement from 60 to 65. And then, of or shook his hand as he walked by. Some to continue to wash through downtown course, there was the whole nasty business applauded ministers’ answers to media Ottawa’s cubicles. of scientist muzzling. queries, but then protectively booed the And while observers also agree that In an open letter to the public service tough questions asked by journalists. Media this pledge to invest in a more positive and released on Oct. 1, 2015, Mr. Harper outlet camera operators likely felt like useful relationship between politicians and argued that much of the criticism about his paparazzi at a Justin Bieber concert rather the public service is genuine on the part of relationship with the civil service was based than members of the press gallery at a Mr. Trudeau, they also caution that it won’t on misinformation. He emphasized that he political scrum. come easy. Federal government employees thought Canada had a “world-class public Compare this surreal scene to a very have both highs and lows on their horizon, service” and stated that the new sick day different one in 2012, where public servants as they’ll have to adapt to not only to an policies would benefi t employees and fi ll wore buttons and shirts to work that had entirely new way of working, but also possible gaps in the system. He also pledged the words, “Stephen Harper Hates Me” thinking. that despite rumours, there would be no emblazoned on them. further changes to pensions. There has been a 180-degree turn in ‘Total breakdown in trust’ But one public service worker, who has the relationship between the federal public Stephen Harper had a notorious been a federal government employee for service and the Canadian government since relationship with federal government almost a decade, said that for the past eight the Oct. 19 election, and observers seem employees and unions during his time years or so “the public service was sort of 22—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 PUBLIC SERVICE-FEATURE systematically undercut on autonomy for policy development and stripped of their ability to demonstrate global leadership in areas where Canada traditionally demonstrated excellence.” The employee, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, added that over the past couple of years, “there was an almost total breakdown in trust between the public service and outgoing government offi cials, which severely crippled the morale of the civil service.” The civil servant said that the Conservative government delayed recommendations and decisions on key fi les—sometimes for months— PSAC president Robyn Benson. compromising Canada’s ability to react in a timely manner on important issues both She recalled a time when then- It really was problematic. Folks were really nationally and internationally. president of the Treasury Board, Tony feeling the stress and pressure.” Robyn Benson, national president of the Clement, stood before a large group of Public Service Alliance of Canada (PSAC, employees during public service week and Keeping context in mind which represents more than 170,000 criticized overall work ethic. David Zussman, the Jarislowsky chair in employees, including a signifi cant number “Saying we’re abusers of sick leave, and public sector management at the University in the federal government) told P&I that slackers, and abusers of the computers all of Ottawa, agreed that the federal public “Mr. Harper was intent on having a smaller day long—that demoralizes people,” she service was left in a bad state, but cautioned government. … He was more interested said. “During the cuts, there is nothing against placing the blame squarely on the in the business of the one per cent than he worse than competing for your own Continued on page 70 was for ordinary working Canadians.” position, and in some cases losing out. …

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—23 100TOP most POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IN 2016

I think there is a sense that we are pulling together to do something great, and people talk about the high expectations on me. Sure, there are, but I have really high expectations of Canadians.”

—Prime Minister Justin Trudeau TOP 25 TEXT BY MARK BURGESS P&I PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAKE WRIGHT THE TOP 100 LIST-THE TOP 25

Prime Minister Katie Telford, 1Justin Trudeau 2 chief of staff to the Prime Minister

A man of this age Gerald Butts, t’s a defi ning feature of our media- 3 I saturated times, when commentary principal secretary keeps pace with instant news, that people to the Prime Minister go from overrated to underrated and back again in very short order, in some cases all at once. So it is with Canada’s 23rd prime minister, certainly a man The practical doer & of this age. Justin Trudeau outlasted his opponents last year, defying their the big idea generator characterizations to fi nd himself leading hile most names on this list generated the country and atop this list. He beat W debate regarding their inclusion them back in the 11-week marathon and placement, the top three were that began with the “Just Not Ready” unanimous and unequivocal. The largely accepted message in Conservative only disagreement was over which attack ads. By the campaign’s fi nal week, Trudeau aide is the real number two. the Liberal Party rally ad had returned In some ways it’s a moot point, as chief of staff the leader to the coronation spirit that Katie Telford and principal secretary Gerald Butts marked his ascent to the Liberal Party have worked together long enough to become throne in 2013. complementary: the practical doer and the big His star has only risen since, whether idea generator; the behind-the-scenes fi xer and the as the “APEC hottie,” greeted by adoring Twitter pit bull. crowds around the world and posing In a YouTube video to Liberals in late 2013, for Vogue, or the white knight of federal widely cited for clues to Ms. Telford’s approach, bureaucrats, cheering his arrival after the she talks about her affi nity for numbers (“I love gloomy Stephen Harper years. It won’t the numbers because they don’t lie”) and the stay this good for Justin Trudeau, because importance of “saying yes” to people and ideas. it can’t. But as prime minister, he’s fi nally Both will be central to her in the PMO’s top in a position to determine for himself job. Transferring her appreciation of data from how he’s evaluated, through leadership campaigning to governing will fi t the Liberal push and action, rather than relying on the for evidence-based policy. Repeatedly “saying yes” uneven projections of detractors and confounded opponents and was key to the Liberal devotees. message; doing so in government is trickier business, with a much longer queue of people asking. Ms. Telford will have support throughout the government, having played a lead role in staffi ng and bringing a number of Queen’s Park allies to Parliament Hill. And she has the trust and admiration of Mr. Trudeau and Mr. Butts. “She does not get fazed by anything,” Mr. Butts told The Ottawa Citizen last year. “She’s got very strong nerves and she’ll be one of the people who keeps their head while everybody else loses it.” Mr. Butts, meanwhile, is seen as an ideal principal adviser: a hybrid operative with both policy and political communications skills, and a close personal friend to the prime minister who can be trusted above all others—the Cardinal Richelieu or Svengali to detractors, or the “dragon slayer,” as a Globe and Mail story put it last year, “performing short-knife work” on Twitter.

26—Power & Influence, Winter 2016

THE TOP 100 LIST-THE TOP 25

Government Innovation, Science 4 House Leader 5 and Economic Dominic Development LeBlanc Minister Navdeep Bains

21st-century ‘minister of everything’ n all federal cabinets, there are ministers whose inﬂ uence reaches beyond their respective I portfolios because of their relationship with the prime minister. For the Liberals, those two are Dominic LeBlanc and Navdeep Bains. Mr. LeBlanc hails from the same political class as the PM and acted as an older brother to him growing up, sometimes babysitting the Trudeau boys. Mr. Bains was part of the PM’s inner circle that supported Gerard Kennedy in the 2006 Liberal leadership race, and was also among the select group at the Mont Tremblant meeting in the summer of 2012 when Mr. Trudeau decided to seek the Liberal leadership. Mr. Bains helped organize that leadership campaign and was co-chair of the Liberals’ highly successful Ontario campaign in the federal election. He’s close with Katie Telford and the inner circle. “One thing about politics is people always retreat to the leadership team,” one insider says, and within the Liberal caucus, these are two the PM can rely on. Their portfolios also matter a great deal to the new government. With the enthusiasm around Liberal promises to change the tone of Parliament and for democratic reform, Mr. LeB- lanc will be the one charged with delivering, including on the thorny Senate reforms. Mr. Bains takes on the former Industry portfolio, a massive undertaking with a focus on innovation. The folding of the various regional development agencies into his ﬁ le makes him a kind of 21st-century “minister of everything,” as one well-connected Liberal put it.

28—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 Ontario 6 Premier Kathleen Wynne The strong ally

athleen Wynne got her wish K in 2015. The Ontario-sized thorn in the Harper government’s side campaigned aggressively for her federal Liberal counterparts last summer and fall (Mr. Trudeau had done the same for her a year earlier), with a zeal whose wisdom was questioned. But the Ontario premier has what she wants: a friend in Ottawa, a strong voice among the (mostly Liberal) provinces and, following a brain drain of Ontario staffers to Parliament Hill that some insiders say she shrewdly encouraged, a number of direct lines to ministers’ ofﬁ ces and the PMO. For a federal government that has promised to re-engage with the provinces, having a strong ally in the largest one doesn’t hurt. THE TOP 100 LIST-THE TOP 25

Finance Treasury Foreign 7 Minister 8 Board President 9 Affairs Minister Bill Morneau Scott Brison Stéphane Dion The natural The public The face of rookie service lead Canada abroad

t’s no small jump from Bay Street s one of the few ministers with anada is back” on the world Iexecutive to rookie candidate to Aprevious cabinet experience—he “C stage was the line last fall from Finance minister, but Bill Morneau has ran Public Works in Paul Martin’s government ministers and foreign looked like a natural. The real test is government—Scott Brison will be a observers (Al Gore among them). about to come. As the point man for a steady hand with a cross-government Stéphane Dion is the somewhat Liberal budget that will attempt what reach. He inherits a demoralized unlikely face of the resurrection. The looks like an increasingly impossible public service, frustrated and possibly former Liberal leader, maligned for task—maintaining the hope inspired atrophied after years of cuts and his “Green Shift” policy and sub-par by campaign promises despite a neglect under the Conservatives, as communication skills, has returned to faltering dollar and stubborn oil well as unions seeking a better deal in prominence, surviving the party’s dark prices—his credibility in the business collective bargaining already underway. years to re-emerge as a top minister. Mr. world will count for little in the eyes of Mr. Brison’s challenge will be meeting Dion has contacts in the PMO, where opposition interrogators in the House the expectations for renewal while still former top staffers Katie Telford, Jeremy of Commons, eager to pick it apart having to keep a lid on spending. Broadhurst and Mike McNair have the for oversized deﬁ cits and abandoned big jobs. His green credentials send an pledges. obvious signal across foreign relations. And while a politician who struggled with his message might seem an odd choice for Canada’s top diplomat, Mr. Dion is seen as a good soldier and un- splashy intellectual who can complement the PM’s international star power.

30—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 Public 10 Safety Minister Ralph Goodale The steady hand

alph Goodale, the former Finance R minister in Paul Martin’s government who was fi rst elected to Parliament under Pierre Trudeau’s Liberals, is the steady pair of hands on a number of challenging fi les for the new government. Balancing Justice Minister security and privacy is a top concern for 11 democracies throughout the world, but it’s Jody Wilson- especially sensitive for the Liberals as they Raybould seek to undo the most harmful elements of the Conservative’s anti-terrorism bill, C-51, at a time when public safety, post-Paris, is once again a source of anxiety. Mr. Goodale She’s got the power will be at the centre, sitting on fi ve cabinet committees, including the infl uential Agenda egislating doctor-assisted suicide, legalizing and Results, and chairing the one for public L marijuana and undoing key parts of the security. Conservative legacy—from court challenges over banning the niqab at citizenship ceremonies to criminal justice—are among the priorities for Jody Wilson-Raybould, a former Crown prosecutor. But the member of the We Wai Kai Nation and former regional chief of the Assembly of First Nations will also have a powerful voice in indigenous issues, a centerpiece for the Liberal government, as one of two indigenous cabinet ministers. Ms. Wilson-Raybould will play a lead role in establishing an inquiry into murdered and missing indigenous women and girls, as well as in amending anti-terrorism Bill C-51 and modernizing the Access to Information Act. She also sits on six cabinet committees—more than any other minister—including Agenda and Results, and she’s vice-chair of the committees for public security and intelligence. THE TOP 100 LIST-THE TOP 25

Conservative 12 interim leader Rona Ambrose

Picking up the pieces

t’s an interim job, but I it’s a big one. Rona Ambrose’s limited months at Stornoway are important ones: providing a different face and tone as her party chooses its path forward, and holding the disparate parts of what its members fondly refer to as “the movement” together. This includes managing a depleted and shell-shocked caucus that’s picking up the pieces after losing power and nervously snifﬁ ng out life after Stephen Harper. Keeping the various factions—especially once the leadership campaigns get underway—united and choosing the right holes to pick in the Liberal honeymoon, all without the apparatus of government, will keep the former cabinet minister occupied. Her early performance has been strong: focusing on economic policy and staying away from what was perceived as the party’s mean-spirited approach to issues such as refugees and an inquiry into missing and murdered indigenous women. THE TOP 25-THE TOP 100 LIST

Environment and 13 Climate Change Minister Catherine McKenna Environmental custodian

enewing the federal government’s role as R environmental custodian is a central plank of the Liberal agenda, and Catherine McKenna is the one expected to “help restore Canada’s reputation for environmental stewardship,” as stated in her mandate letter. Ms. McKenna, a lawyer with a background in international trade and social justice issues, managed to steal a presumed NDP safe seat in downtown Ottawa last fall. She’s well liked in caucus and close with Gerald Butts. She was tested early as the country’s voice at climate talks in Paris, and she will be again as the Liberals look to undo Conservative changes to environmental assessments and make good on their promise that a clean environment must not interfere with a strong economy.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—33 THE top 100 LIST-The top 25

Jeremy Broadhurst, deputy chief of staff and deputy 14 principal secretary in the PMO

Data revolutionary While the PMO’s top two is indisputable, Jeremy Broadhurst’s role as the top office’s number three is just as clearly defined. As national director of the Liberal Party, Mr. Broadhurst was a central figure in the data revolution, finding new ways to target supporters and donors. He’ll bring that approach to the PMO and apply it to policy development. He has policy and legislative affairs chops from his time in Stéphane Dion and Michael Ignatieff’s opposition offices, and he was Bob Rae’s chief as interim party leader. The PM has told his caucus that any communications from Katie Telford and Gerald Butts should be treated the same as those coming from him. Mr. Broadhurst is the next voice feeding into those messages.

Michael Wernick, 15 Clerk of the Privy Council Office The top bureaucrat rime Minister Justin Trudeau appointed Michael Wernick as the clerk of the Privy Council Office on Jan. P20, saying, he “is an outstanding public service leader.” Prior to his new appointment, Mr. Wernick served as deputy clerk of the Privy Council and associate secretary to the Cabinet. In this role, Mr. Wernick was responsible for assisting the clerk in three duties as Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister, Secretary to the Cabinet, and head of the federal public service, so he has plenty of experience to perform well in his new role. “He has the depth of experience and the skills we need to move full speed ahead on the implementation and delivery of our government’s agenda,” Mr. Trudeau said in a statement from Davos, Switzerland where he was attending the World Economic Forum. “I believe strongly in the vital role a modern, professional public service plays in our democracy. We will ensure its long history of achievement continues into the future and that its capacity to deliver services to Canadians and advice to government is renewed and enhanced.”

Immigration, Refugees and 16 Citizenship Minister John McCallum Unwilling to mince words In some ways, John McCallum inherits the role Joe Oliver had in the previous government: a plain-speaking septuagenarian with Bay Street credentials, beloved in caucus and unwilling to mince words. “He’s not the greatest communicator,” one Liberal insider says. “It’s against casting and it kind of works.” The former banking executive and academic, who counted Justin Trudeau and Gerald Butts among his charges when he was dean of arts at McGill University, has one of the toughest jobs in government: managing the arrival of 25,000 Syrian refugees in the coming weeks. Aside from the logistical challenge, it’s a political issue cutting across national identity and public security. The former minister of National Defence and National Revenue will have his hands full.

34—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE TOP 25-THE TOP 100 LIST

International Trade Minister Chrystia Freeland17 The star recruit

It should be no surprise that Chrystia Freeland was one of Team Trudeau’s fi rst star recruits, brought into the fold to hold onto Toronto Centre following Bob Rae’s departure. The journalist had tapped into a post-Occupy public perception in her book Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else, and that meshed with the Liberal focus on the middle class that would evolve into a tax plan centered around raising rates for the “one per cent.” Ms. Freeland joined Justin Trudeau’s inner advisory circle, with a focus on trade issues, and she’ll remain there as she takes over a fi le the Conservatives made their own, with big decisions on how to proceed with the previous government’s trade legacy, particularly the Trans-Pacifi c Partnership.

Mike McNair, 18 PMO director of policy Big policy

The third time was the charm for Mike McNair. After playing a lead role in the policy shops for Stéphane Dion and Michael Ignatieff, he and the Liberal team found the right mix in 2015 to bring Justin Trudeau from third place to a majority government over the course of the campaign. Now he has the big policy job in the PMO. As a member of the team that won Mr. Trudeau the party leadership, Mr. McNair is among the inner circle of trusted PMO advisers, and he’ll have a lead role in transforming the multitude of platform promises into saleable public policy.

Perry Bellegarde, National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations19 Ready for a change

Perry Bellegarde didn’t campaign against Stephen Harper and the Conservatives, but he didn’t exactly hide his feelings that indigenous Canadians were ready for a change in government. Now he’s got one, and the early signs are positive: a former regional chief as Justice minister and a clear pledge across ministerial mandate letters and in the Throne Speech to “renew, nation-to-nation, the relationship between Canada and indigenous peoples.” There’s a long way to go but Mr. Bellegarde, just more than a year into his mandate, has a lot more reason for optimism. It will be up to him to ﬁ nd the right balance of pressure on the new government and managing expectations among First Nations.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—35 THE TOP 100 LIST-THE TOP 25

‘Fearless,’ ‘bad-ass’ National Defence former soldier and 20 Minister Harjit Sajjan cop now in charge of “He was the best single Canadian intelligence asset in defending Canada theatre, and his hard work, personal bravery and dogged determination undoubtedly saved a multitude of Coalition lives … [and] single-handedly changed the face of intelligence highly decorated soldier who received the gathering and analysis in Afghanistan,” Maj.-Gen. Fraser prestigious Order of Military Merit and saw four wrote. “I rate him as one of the best intelligence offi cers I A tours of duty, Harjit Singh Sajjan considers a have ever worked with—fearless, smart, and personable, and I private moment the highlight of his 26 years as a would not hesitate to have him on my staff at any time in the Canadian Army Reserve Force. future.” It occurred in the late 1990s at a small meeting regarding Back to the bad-ass pic, in Minister Sajjan’s opinion it the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Bosnia and “shows that people in uniform, when given a diffi cult job, can Herzegovina where Mr. Sajjan had been deployed. fi gure things out and get the job done in challenging times.” “I had to represent Canada at the meeting and walked in a He tells P&I: “It’s not what you do, it’s the effect you want little bit late, and somebody said, ‘Canada is here and we can to achieve.” begin now,’” recalls Mr. Sajjan, who would attain the rank of That approach provides insight as to how Mr. Sajjan lieutenant colonel in the reserve and become the fi rst Sikh to intends to fulfi l the tasks Prime Minister Trudeau handed command a reserve regiment, the Duke of Connaught’s Own in him in his ministerial mandate letter. The list includes British Columbia. “It meant a lot to me because they didn’t care collaborating with Foreign Affairs Minister Stéphane Dion what I looked like or who I was or my rank. I represented Canada to end the combat mission in Iraq and Syria, and to renew with that Canadian fl ag on my left shoulder. It was a proud Canada’s commitment to UN peacekeeping operations; and moment, and everything I did afterward is a refl ection of that.” working with Public Services and Procurement Minister Judy It’s also an admission that refl ects a refreshing humility for Foote to fi nd replacements for the existing fl eet of CF-18 a man who now represents Canada abroad as the country’s fi ghter aircraft and frontline warships. National Defence minister. The heavy workload ahead doesn’t bother him. “I like Apart from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, no other being busy and don’t mind the challenges,” says Mr. Sajjan, Cabinet minister has attracted global attention for his looks, who is married to family physician Dr. Kuljit Kaur Sajjan, with and particularly in Mr. Sajjan’s case, his back-story. whom he has two young children. One of two turbaned Sikhs in Cabinet, and the fi rst to hold Finding quality time with them and for himself—he hopes the Defence portfolio, Mr. Sajjan earned the much-used label to skate along the Rideau Canal this winter and renew his of “bad-ass” after a photo of him wearing shades in combat passion for skydiving, provided security concerns involving gear went viral on the internet the day he was sworn in as his ministerial post are satisfi ed—comprise one of those Defence minister last November. challenges. “It’s not easy, but when my kids get older and I tell Gentle and courteous in conversation, Minister Sajjan, who them about making a difference in life, I don’t want them to stands fi ve-foot-10 (1.78 metres) and weighs 170 pounds (77 say, ‘You know Dad, you talked about making a difference and kg), does not convey a bad-ass attitude. But the circumstances had an opportunity to do so, so why didn’t you take it and surrounding that now-famous photo had a quality that could make that difference?’” be described as such. He notes that he wouldn’t have had the opportunity to It was taken in 2006 when he was part of Operation serve Canada had prime minister Pierre Trudeau, the current Medusa when Canadian and American soldiers were “shoulder PM’s father, not reformed the Immigration Act in 1976 that to shoulder” and “took the fi ght to the Taliban” not since enabled his father, who was also a police offi cer, to bring his replicated, he explains in an interview. wife, daughter and fi ve-year-old son, Harjit, from the Indian “The Taliban had taken over large villages and chunks of state of Punjab where Mr. Sajjan was born 45 years ago. land and had created a base that threatened Kandahar City, “The values of the Liberal Party have always resonated with and we had to eliminate the threat.” me,” says Minister Sajjan, who decided to run for the party in Mr. Sajjan, a detective-constable in the Vancouver last year’s election because he “knew” the second-generation Police Department’s gang crime unit at the time and held Trudeau wanted to “make a difference” as he does in political the rank of major in the reserve with a special intelligence life. assignment, was credited with playing a pivotal role in that He’s already done so on the military side in Afghanistan— operation, according to a letter of appreciation since-retired and as an inventor. Major General David Fraser—the then-commander of the In 1996, Mr. Sajjan received a patent for a protective hood multinational brigade in Afghanistan—sent to Vancouver’s he helped create that allows men, like him, with beards to wear then-police chief Jamie Graham that was obtained by the a gas mask. “It’s the only way I could pass my training,” he says. Vancouver-based National Observer. —By Christopher Guly

36—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 the top 25-the top 100 list

Yaprak Baltacıoglu, 21Treasury Board Secretary Rebuilding the bureaucracy

ince taking over as the Treasury SBoard’s top bureaucrat in 2012, Yaprak Baltacıoğlu oversaw the Conservatives’ austerity budgets that saw close to 30,000 public service jobs shed and billions in lapsed departmental spending. Now she’ll be at the centre of a very different agenda, intent on reinvigorating the public service and rebuilding the bureaucracy’s policy- making capacity. Ms. Baltacıoğlu is a seasoned public servant whose had to handle several high-profile portfolios. She spent over four years at the Privy Council Office, first as Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet (Social Development Policy) and then as Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet (Operations). “In these roles, she provided advice and support to the Prime Minister and Cabinet on the full range of government operations and domestic policy issues,” the PCO website says. She also oversaw the successful negotiation of the Agricultural Policy Framework as the assistant deputy minister at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. She brings plenty of management expertise with her to her role in helping to rebuild the public service.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—37 THE TOP 100 LIST-THE TOP 25

Kate Purchase, 22 PMO communications director

Managing a prickly relationship

ithin hours of winning the Oct. W19 election, Justin Trudeau was communicating in two distinct but signifi cant ways: posing for selfi es in Montreal’s subway, and taking questions in Ottawa’s National Press Theatre—an underused venue, to say the least, over the last decade. Both were symbolic moves; there weren’t a lot of answers available. But symbolism is important to this government, which demonstrated its mastery of political imagery through campaign ads and Instagram, and Kate Purchase is the one in charge of translating that to government. She’s already made the most out of global interest in the new PM during his fi rst months in offi ce with splashy—though controversial—spreads in Vogue and The New York Times Magazine, and provided CBC special access on the prime minister’s swearing-in day. As much as the Liberals will be judged on meeting their policy commitments, they were also elected because they offered the most convincing change in tone. The press will measure them against that. The new PM has sent the right signals, instructing his cabinet on the Parliamentary Press Gallery’s merits and the importance of answering their questions. Ms. Purchase will be the one managing that always-prickly relationship.

38—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE TOP 25-THE TOP 100 LIST

Richard Supreme Jonathan 23 Maksymetz, 24 Court Chief 25Vance, chief of staff Justice Beverley Chief of Defence to the Finance McLachlin Staff minister A strong voice Canada’s top The direct and he new government will have a less general essential link Tadversarial relationship with the Supreme Court than its predecessors: anada won’t be conducting airstrikes less legislation struck down; no Cin Iraq and Syria, but Justin Trudeau Adefi ning biographical detail of “policy-maker of the year” accolades, has promised to increase the number many in Justin Trudeau’s circle as it was named by the Macdonald- of troops on the ground training local is involvement in the 2006 Liberal Laurier Institute in 2014; and most soldiers. It’s one of the new prime leadership campaign of Gerard of all, no public spats between prime minister’s most sensitive political fi les: a Kennedy. Richard Maksymetz is among minister and chief justice. That’s not wedge the Conservatives went to in the this group. A former federal ministerial to say that the court’s role, or that of new Parliament’s fi rst Question Period, staffer, he was responsible for campaign its chief justice, Beverley McLachlin, and a position that proved divisive mobilization during the election. With will be diminished. Her voice was among Liberals following Mr. Trudeau’s a political rookie in the most important among the strongest in the country famous “whip out our CF-18s” joke in cabinet post, Mr. Maksymetz is a direct on indigenous issues last year, saying October 2014. Smooth management of and essential link from the PMO to before the Truth and Reconciliation the mission will be crucial, and that’s Finance Minister Bill Morneau. The Commission’s report came out that where General Jonathan Vance comes pre-budget consultation period is Canada had committed “cultural in. The general has kept a relatively low condensed this year, but the shortened genocide,” setting the tone for the profi le since his ascension to the post timeframe doesn’t mean less scrutiny: national discussion. And the court’s in July 2015. He’s been credited with all eyes will be on how the Liberals ruling on physician-assisted suicide overhauling Canada’s counterinsurgency balance expensive promises with will preoccupy the new government in Afghanistan and already had a lead limited means. Mr. Maksymetz will be in what is sure to be one of the role in the Iraq mission as head of among the most sought-after politicos most hotly-contested issues when Canadian Joint Operations Command. in Ottawa, with lobbyists of all stripes Parliament debates the new legislation. In addition to the mission in Iraq, wanting a piece. Gen. Vance inherits the sizeable task of reforming the military’s culture to address sexual misconduct within the ranks.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—39 100TOP most POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL

The Politicians

Politics is a driver for change. People always think that you can change or have an impact on our society and that this change will involve the world of business, the arts or science. But to my thinking, politics can bring about change.” —Mélanie Joly, Canadian Heritage Minister

TEXT BY BEA VONGDOUANGCHANH P&I PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAKE WRIGHT THE POLITICIANS-THE TOP 100 LIST

‘There is a need for people who are ready to take risks and shake things up’

élanie Joly loves the arts, wants relations fi rm. She is also a trained lawyer platform. But it was something different Mto build relationships between who loves classical music. Insiders say she this time because my plans and ideas were the government and the cultural is a hard worker who has Prime Minister focused on the riding and supported the sector and says as Canadian Heritage Justin Trudeau’s ear having worked on ideas of my party and my leader,” she minister, she has the best portfolio. his leadership campaign. Although she says. “When I ran for mayor of Montréal, “This is a very exciting time to be the comes from a Liberal political family (her I quickly saw that I did not have a big Minister of Canadian Heritage,” Ms. Joly father Clement Joly was the president of enough political team. If I could have done tells P&I in an email interview. “I’ve always the Liberal Party’s fi nance committee in things over and built a better political been involved in the arts. I love the arts Quebec, and her step-mother Carole-Marie team, I think the outcome would have been and culture, and believe wholeheartedly Allard was a former Liberal MP from 2000 different. in their value to our society and economy, to 2004), insiders say she has the talent and “I learned from this mistake and, so it is absolutely the best portfolio. Here drive to succeed in her own right. when I decided to run for Parliament in I can work to build bridges between Ms. Joly sits on the infl uential cabinet Ahuntsic–Cartierville, I concentrated on governments, the business community and committee on Agenda and Results, creating a strong political organization.” the arts. Here I can be a part of bringing in which is made up of Mr. Trudeau’s Ms. Joly won her nomination in a new era and building new relationships.” inner circle. In addition to her fi les at Ahuntsic-Cartierville on the third ballot Noting that the cultural and creative Canadian Heritage—which include and says it was a challenging experience industries contribute $47.7-billion to the Offi cial Languages, multiculturalism, the lasting 238 days, not including the election Canadian economy, Ms. Joly says fostering National Capital Commission (which campaign. “Despite everything, it was a those new relationships is a top priority for is overseeing the controversial anti- very rewarding experience. It gave me the her, in addition to “protecting our national communism memorial), Canada’s 150th opportunity to get to know Ahuntsic- institutions and investing in cultural anniversary celebrations and modernizing Cartierville inside-out and to learn about infrastructure.” the CBC—Ms. Joly is also a member of the special social and ethnocultural That includes telling unique Canadian the ad-hoc cabinet committee overseeing features of my riding. I learned about the stories, helping to create economic the settlement of 25,000 Syrian refugees importance of resilience and hard work,” opportunities and supporting the industry to Canada. She will be front and centre on she says. in a digital environment—all commitments several of the government’s top priorities, While there are stereotypes about the Liberal Party made during the election which suits her political philosophy just young women in politics—whether it’s campaign that Ms. Joly says she’s working fi ne. the diffi culties in getting nominated or toward. “For me, politics is a driver for change. not having a thick enough skin to succeed The 36-year-old rookie MP and People always think that you can change or in the House of Commons, Ms. Joly says minister, who represents the Quebec riding have an impact on our society and that this things are shifting. of Ahuntsic-Cartierville, is described as change will involve the world of business, “Women of my generation had women determined, hardworking and charismatic. the arts or science. But to my thinking, who blazed the trail for us, who moved She keeps her team and department busy. politics can bring about change,” she tells beyond the beaten path. Now it’s up to “I am a creative person who keeps P&I. “I deeply believe in public service, the us to develop a new leadership model for fl oating new ideas, but I also always do the importance of being able to work for the women based on our authenticity, so that necessary follow-up. That’s my own little benefi t of our community. And I sincerely we can try not only to achieve a position entrepreneurial side,” she says. “We have think that in politics there is a need for and seek to live up to male stereotypes, already put in place a number of projects. people who are ready to take risks and but we can also do it in accordance with My deputy minister has told me that he shake things up so that government policies our own beliefs and values,” she says. “We had to buy running shoes to keep up with become more in line with contemporary shouldn’t be afraid that we might lack me because things have been moving so society.” experience or act too spontaneously. I think quickly.” It’s why, she says, she wanted to run for that greater innovation can easily make Frédéric Lepage, who co-managed Ms. political offi ce. up for the lack of experience. Our youth Joly’s mayoral campaign in Montreal in She tells P&I she learned a lot of lessons thus becomes an asset, especially in a very 2013, said she is “fun,” “feisty” and “pretty after placing second in the Montreal complex system like government. We value balanced.” He told the Globe and Mail: mayoral campaign, losing to former federal experience because it better understands “She’s very focused, and when she sets a Liberal cabinet minister Denis Coderre. the complexity of that system, but right goal, she really fi ghts for it.” “When I ran for mayor of Montréal, I now we need to fi nd innovative solutions Before entering politics, Ms. Joly had the opportunity to set up a political that can make the process simpler in the was at Cohn & Wolfe, a Montreal public party and to help develop a meaningful long run.”

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—41 THE TOP 100 LIST-THE POLITICIANS Power and inﬂ uence around the cabinet table

‘Decisions will be he day after the Liberal Party won per cent cap on funding increases to First Tthe 2015 election, leader Justin Nations, and addressing quality of life on shaped by seeking a Trudeau held a news conference reserves and First Nations education. in the National Press Theatre as prime Health Minister Jane Philpott not only broad consensus minister-designate. In an immediate has the health portfolio on her hands, with all levels of departure from the previous Conservative which includes negotiating a new health government, in which former PM Stephen accord with the provinces, she also chairs government, business Harper refused to meet media there, Mr. the cabinet committee overseeing the Trudeau announced that he would be resettlement of 25,000 Syrian refugees to and civil society’ naming his cabinet in two weeks, that Canada. She will play an infl uential role in it would have gender parity and that making sure the government stays on track he would empower his ministers to be to meeting its goals, some of which have decision makers—bringing back a cabinet already had to be revised. Originally, the governance style rather than keeping the Liberals promised to bring 25,000 Syrians power to himself. to Canada by the end of 2015, but that was “One of the things that you can expect changed to the end of February 2016. is a cabinet that is fi lled with people “Had we not set such incredibly that are not just representatives of their audacious goals, I can tell you, we would ministries and departments, but actually not be where we are today,” Ms. Philpott [are] deciders,” he told reporters. told reporters at a weekly media update. A political insider tells P&I that “Some Canadians will choose to focus on “infl uence (the ability to affect power) and measures we have not achieved by this day. subsequently power itself involves both the I know most Canadians are going to focus capacity to initiate policy and the authority on what we have accomplished.” to ensure it is achieved.” By this defi nition Ms. Philpott also chairs the infl uential and with Prime Minister Trudeau’s edict, Inclusive Growth, Opportunities and cabinet ministers on this Top 100 list will Innovation cabinet committee which wield a signifi cant amount of political focuses on “initiatives that will strengthen power as they work on the Liberal and grow the middle class,” the major government’s top priorities. platform priority for the Liberals. For example, renewing the relationship In this capacity, Ms. Philpott has both between the Canadian government and strong power and infl uence around the Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson and his the indigenous population is high on cabinet table. counterpart have a large role to play in federal the Liberals’ to-do list and Indigenous Although Transport Minister Marc politics. Photograph courtesy mayor’s offi ce. and Northern Affairs Minister Carolyn Garneau does not have a high profi le Bennett has her work cut out for her. She department, he remains in Mr. Trudeau’s will be working closely with her cabinet inner circle. He chaired the Liberal Party’s colleague Justice Minister Jody Wilson- advisory council on international affairs Raybould (page 31) on the murdered and and with his experience both in and out of missing indigenous women and girls fi le. politics, he is seen as a senior statesman. He Observers say Ms. Bennett is authentic will be working closely with Infrastructure and as the former indigenous affairs critic Minister Amarjeet Sohi on a major in opposition, has the knowledge and priority of the Liberals’ election platform: experience to move the fi le. a $60-billion increase for an infrastructure Ms. Bennett will also be focusing strategy and changes to the Building on implementing the United Nations Canada Fund, for which it said it would Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous run multiple years of defi cit to implement. Peoples, working with Finance Minister Mr. Garneau and Mr. Sohi will also Bill Morneau (page 30) on lifting the two be responsible for improving green and

42—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE POLITICIANS-THE TOP 100 LIST

Health committee on strategic operations will also Minister lend itself to shaping how the party moves Jane Philpott forward during this rebuilding phase. has strong As the Finance critic, Ms. Raitt will go power and head-to-head with Finance Minister Bill infl uence in Morneau during Question Period and the Trudeau government. at committee, and will play a lead role in keeping the government to account on economic matters. Mr. Scheer will be stickhandling the party’s parliamentary agenda as the Conservative House Leader. The former House Speaker has experience with parliamentary procedure and although it is a majority government, he will help infl uence how Conservatives oppose legislation. Given that Liberal House Leader Dominic LeBlanc (page 28) has signaled a willingness to work public transit infrastructure and making positive and substantive way and “aligning with the opposition, Mr. Scheer will also investments in Canada’s roads, bridges, voices.” This is key to how things work in have a bigger role in this Parliament. transportation corridors, ports and border this new Liberal government. One insider noted that Mr. Scheer was gateways. As one insider notes, “In today’s “the cherubic face” of the Conservative Another key priority for the Liberal environment—especially with our new Party’s right wing and one of its stronger government is addressing climate change government—decisions will be shaped by voices which appeal to the general Canadian and balancing the environment with the seeking a broad consensus with all levels public and not just the party’s core. economy. On this front, Natural Resources of government, business and civil society. Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall, Minister Jim Carr will be working on Having power and infl uence is more than meanwhile, is considered the de facto leader key issues such as pipeline and oil sands holding the actual levers, it’s about building of the conservative movement until the development in addition to clean energy trust and strong relationships, by respecting federal party selects its permanent leader. generation. Mr. Carr the views of others and seeking solutions He’s been the lead voice opposing the will also focus on that can be collectively supported.” Liberals on climate change and will be the developing a In addition to Ontario Premier resource industry’s standard-bearer. Even relationship with Kathleen Wynne (page 29), on the if he doesn’t seek the leadership, he’s an counterparts in provincial and municipal fronts, Alberta important voice for the next year. the United States Premier Rachel Notley, Quebec Premier After going from a high of 103 seats and Mexico and Philippe Couillard, Calgary Mayor Naheed won in the 2011 election and forming the will work with his Nenshi and Vancouver Mayor Gregor fi rst NDP offi cial opposition in federal Public Services cabinet colleagues Robertson will play a large role in this politics, the New Democrats sit as the Minister Judy Foote. Environment and consensus building on everything from the third party in the House of Commons, but Climate Change economy, health care and climate change, insiders say leader Tom Mulcair and MP Minister Catherine McKenna (page 33) to public infrastructure which is badly Nathan Cullen remain infl uencers within and Foreign Affairs Minister Stéphane needed in several of Canada’s largest cities. their party and the House. Dion (page 30) to “develop an ambitious Mr. Mulcair will face a leadership review North American clean energy and The opposition at the NDP’s convention in April, but as environment agreement,” according to his Along with interim leader Rona the leader of the only other offi cial party mandate letter from the prime minister. Ambrose (page 32), MPs Jason Kenney, caucus in the House, he will play a large Overseeing all these priorities are Lisa Raitt and Andrew Scheer will be role in holding the government accountable members of the cabinet committee on tapped to lead the Conservative Party of in the House. He is effective in Question Agenda and Results. Mr. Trudeau chairs Canada’s rebuilding efforts after losing the Period and can go head-to-head with Prime this committee, made up of members of last election and former prime minister Minister Justin Trudeau with ease. his closest advisers. Many appear in the Stephen Harper’s resignation as leader. Some insiders told P&I that Mr. Cullen, Top 25 (page 26), and includes Families, Mr. Kenney and Ms. Raitt, both his party’s environment, climate change Children and Social Development Minister former cabinet misters in the previous and democratic reform critic, arguably Jean-Yves Duclos and Public Services and Conservative government, are two possible has more infl uence within the NDP Procurement Minister Judy Foote. front runner leadership candidates. With than Mr. Mulcair. Mr. Cullen, a former Insiders describe power in politics their experience, they will be the top NDP leadership candidate, is articulate, as the ability to make change and using spokespeople to help the Conservative well-liked (especially in British Columbia experience and knowledge to identify Party messaging over the next year, where the NDP does well), and a possible solutions. Infl uence, meanwhile, is the infl uencing the public policy agenda. successor to Mr. Mulcair because he has a ability to affect change, inform debate in a Mr. Kenney’s role as chair of the caucus’s lot of caucus support.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—43 100TOP most POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL The Public Servants

We’re really privileged to have very strong public institutions. The public service is a part of it—we’re not the only part—but … I still feel very proud that I have this role and that the public service plays a really important role in the health of our democracy.” —Simon Kennedy, deputy minister of Health Canada

TEXT BY ALLY FOSTER P&I PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAKE WRIGHT THE PUBLIC SERVANTS-THE TOP 100 LIST

Simon Kennedy the end of the day our job is really to be Over ’s 25-year career, he’s behind the scenes and to be supporting our gone from co-op student to a globe trotting, elected offi cials in carrying out their vitally trade agreement negotiating deputy important responsibilities. ... That will be how I want to spend my year.” minister. ‘It’s a huge privilege,’ he says. All in a day’s work And Mr. Kennedy says he has a strict schedule that he must follow if he wants to be successful in meeting these goals. On a typical work day, the deputy minister arrives at the offi ce at around 7 a.m. His day usually wraps up around 7 or 8 p.m. Giving further insight into what his not-so-9-to-5 looks like, he explained that at least once a week, there’s a meeting of imon Kennedy is a true public As a young man, Mr. Kennedy had the management team at Health Canada, as servant, through and through. Aside aspirations other than attending global well as a weekly meeting with the minister. from being noticeably eloquent, summits and advising the prime minister. He also tries to have regular bilateral the deputy minister of Health is “I was really interested in fi lm,” he says. “I meetings with other deputy ministers. Salso quite funny and incredibly down had a fantasy as a kid that I would go off to But not all meetings are with civil to earth. Where it becomes obvious that Hollywood and be a director,” he adds. servants and bureaucrats. Mr. Kennedy says he’s passionate about his role as a civil “I had a bit of a creative streak that I his schedule is also packed full of meetings servant, and what the functions of that wasn’t quite sure what I wanted to do with.” with external stakeholders like private commitment are, is when he’s asked about His undergrad degree was very sector representatives and non-profi ts. achievements, or mentioned alongside the hands-on, and he was able to learn the “There are a lot of organizations that words “infl uential” or “important.” basics of writing, broadcast production, the government affects, and that have Mr. Kennedy, who has worked in the communications, management skills, and thought about the issues that we’re working federal service for 25 years, continues to public relations strategies. on and have a point of view,” he says. shy away from the spotlight, despite often “I was a pretty good writer, and I think “So I’m a big believer in getting out and being referred to as a “rising star” who has in some respects it was my communication meeting those people.” contributed sharp, strategic advice and skills that actually helped me get my foot in During his time off, he jokes and says he effective management in offi ces ranging the door in the government,” he explains. isn’t “paragliding or running marathons.” from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, As he neared the end of his schooling, he He spends as much time as possible with his to Industry, to the Privy Council Offi ce. secured a co-op placement with Transport wife and three children. He enjoys watching He has been trusted to take the lead on Canada. At the time, the Coast Guard fell good movies—although he says it was too complex fi les like locking down foreign under the transport umbrella, and Mr. diffi cult to pick a favourite—and cooking. trade deals—including the Canadian- Kennedy handled communications and Looking back over his career so far, European Union Comprehensive Economic media relations in addition to preparing Mr. Kennedy says some of his proudest Trade Agreement—and negotiating on QP notes. “That was really my fi rst break.” moments have been advising in the Privy behalf of then-prime minister Stephen Now, Mr. Kennedy will be supporting Council Offi ce, “witnessing ministers and Harper on the Beyond the Border working Health Minister Jane Philpott implement the prime minister discussing the major group with the United States. some of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s issues facing the country; whether it’s issues Still, “any one of us is really a relatively new health policies, including the creation such as national unity, or our relations with small part of a bigger institution,” he says, of a new health accord with provinces and the United States, I’ve had the great privilege speaking about the important role of the territories. Considering Canada’s aging to be able to provide some advice and to do public service in Canada. “We’re really population, the Liberals have pledged to policy work on those kinds of issues.” privileged to have very strong public invest $3-billion over the next four years He adds, “It’s pretty hard, as a public institutions. The public service is a part of to provide improved home care services. servant, to ask for more than that. … It’s a it—we’re not the only part—but … I still The government has also promised to bit like being a witness to history.” feel very proud that I have this role and that improve access to, and reduce the costs of, There have been other surreal the public service plays a really important prescription medications and boost the moments: “I’ve fl own a helicopter, I’ve role in the health of our democracy.” quality and access of mental health services. visited the White House, I’ve gotten to “We have a government that has an travel all over the world and go to summits A creative streak ambitious agenda in health, and my total attended by world leaders. I get to go Mr. Kennedy grew up in Nova Scotia, focus is going to be on supporting my to Cabinet meetings,” he says. “This is a where he did an undergraduate degree minister in delivering on the priorities huge privilege, and I remind myself every in public relations. He then went on to that have been set by the prime minister day that I’m lucky that I get to serve the complete a master of communications and by the government,” Mr. Kennedy says government and I get to serve Canadians in management from Syracuse University. when asked about his goals for 2016.“At a job that has been so interesting.”

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—45 THE TOP 100 LIST-THE PUBLIC SERVANTS

Implementing Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s grand to-do list is a hive of civil servants who will play an inﬂ uential role in shaping Canadian policy, priorities, values, and history. Th e non-partisan advisers

ewly elected Prime Minister Justin Malcolm Brown, who was named special communities, implement all of the NTrudeau has a grand policy to-do adviser to the Clerk of the Privy Council recommendations made by the Truth and list. Some call it lofty, while many on the Syrian Refugee Initiative by Mr. Reconciliation Commission and a review call it ‘ambitious.’ Regardless, it’s going to Trudeau in early November, after serving as on all Indigenous-related legislation passed take a lot of work to see to fruition and the the DM of International Development. by the Harper government. Ms. Swords will bulk of the weight will fall on the public Also within the Global Affairs be front and centre of all it, helping her service. They’re the ones providing the department is International Trade deputy minister, Carolyn Bennett, on the fi le. expertise necessary to make informed, minister Christine Hogan. Ms. Hogan has Perhaps one of the most tenured of the strategic and wise policy decisions. They been a public servant since 1988, and is current crowd of deputy ministers is John have the spirited and innovative thinking valuable in that she’s negotiated and led Knubley, deputy minister of Industry, who required for Canada to stay competitive in policy reforms in areas ranging from the has held his position in Industry Canada an increasingly fast-paced and globalized environment and energy to international since September 2012. But Mr. Knubley’s world; and are a dedicated and steadfast development and defence. In terms of portfolio is about to be shaken up. force to loyally implement decisions and international trade policy, Ms. Hogan will The Science, Technology and deliver services in a timely and reliable be advising the Trudeau team on issues Innovation Council (STIC) released a fashion. like the Trans-Pacifi c Partnership, locking report in 2015 stating that Canada has Here are the ones to watch in 2016, the down the Canada-European Union trade fallen behind its allies in recent years most infl uential civil servants, and how agreement, China’s ongoing push for a in terms of investing into research and they’ll wield power in this new political free trade deal, and Canada and Mexico’s development— dropping almost $1-billion environment. trade sanctions against the United States between 2006-2013. After the release of for foreign beef and pork labelling the report, Mr. Knubley told the press that The Deputies requirements. there wasn’t a whole lot of evidence that A deputy minister carries a great deal Perhaps the DM who will face the most billions of dollars spent by the Canadian of responsibility as the senior civil servant change under the new government, and government on research tax credits and in a government department. The DM will be given a great deal of responsibility, more than 70 industrial support programs takes political direction from the appointed is Michael Martin, deputy minister at have had much of an impact on industrial minister, but responsibility for the day- Environment and Climate Change Canada. innovation. But going forward, he may to-day operations, program development, In contrast to the previous have a government that takes a new, budget, and employee management of the government’s lacklustre approach to innovating and collaborative approach department lie with the deputy minister. sustainable environment priorities, Mr. to fi nding creative solutions to boost In the newly-named Department Trudeau campaigned strongly on making industrial development in Canada. of Global Affairs, the foreign affairs fi le Canada a steward for climate change Other deputy ministers to keep an is managed by deputy minister Daniel awareness and environmental protection. eye on are Bill Pentney, Justice DM, Jean, who has held the position since Mr. Martin will be busy this year who has risen through the bureaucratic late 2013 after an extensive international stewarding Canada’s response to the recent ranks over the past 25 years. The former career in the foreign service. Working in UN climate change agreement signed in University of Ottawa professor served as immigration, he was posted to the U.S., Paris. the general counsel and director of legal Hong Kong, and Port-au-Prince twice Another fi le that will be implementing services at the Canadian Human Rights (including during the coup that unseated a very different policy agenda is the one Commission, which will be an asset Jean-Bertrand Aristide). managed by Colleen Swords, DM of considering the Liberal government’s Mr. Jean will likely make good use of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. rehabilitative approach to crime. He will that international experience, as he faces The Oct. 19 election was considered also be working closely with Ms. Swords a challenging policy agenda. The Liberal a landmark for Canada’s Indigenous on the missing and murdered Indigenous government must make tough international communities; a record 10 aboriginal women inquiry, and will have a slew of decisions regarding how to contribute to MPs were elected, and First Nations legislative initiatives to shepherd as the the fi ght against the Islamic State, how to communities experienced the highest voter Trudeau government moves ahead with properly integrate 25,000 Syrian refugees turnout in history. the legalization of marijuana, repealing Bill within Canada’s border, deciding what kind Mr. Trudeau promised to call a national C-51, the controversial Anti-terrorism Act, of role Canada should have as international inquiry into missing and murdered addressing hand gun laws and responding peacekeepers, as well as how to navigate Indigenous women and girls within 100 to the Supreme Court’s decision on ongoing tensions with Russia. days of being elected, improve education physician-assisted suicide. Mr. Jean will be working closely with and clean drinking water in First Nations Jean-François Tremblay, Infrastructure

46—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 and Communities deputy minister Ms. Bossenmaier certainly has international since July 2015, brings experience from experience, having worked as deputy a previous role as deputy secretary to minister of the Afghanistan Task Force the Cabinet (operations) in the Privy in the Privy Council Offi ce, and associate Council Offi ce. Mr. Tremblay will be deputy minister of foreign affairs. crucial in helping the Liberal government Her counterpart at the Canadian consult with provinces, territories, and Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), municipalities in order to create what they Michel Coulombe, has been the director call an “integrated, intermodal national since October 2013, and was a signifi cant transportation strategy, that serves large appointment considering it was the fi rst and small communities,”—a promise they time a director was assigned from within committed to fulfi lling within two years the service. Mr. Coulombe, a veteran of taking offi ce. Mr. Trudeau also said his who has worked as an intelligence offi ce government will develop a predictable since 1986—just two years after CSIS was and reliable transportation funding formed—has international experience, commitment for at least 10 years, which having overseen CSIS’s operations abroad Mr. Tremblay will be helping to lead. as assistant director of foreign collection. Paul Rochon, DM Finance, was Together, their plates will be loaded appointed by Stephen Harper in April with high-pressure work this year. With 2014—a surprise to some, as he was a the Liberal government committing to veteran within the fi nance department resettling 25,000 Syrian refugees in Canada and an experienced economist, but was by the end of February 2016, and in the still a newbie to the upper echelons of the shadow of the Paris attacks in November bureaucracy. He had only been a deputy 2015, many Canadians have concerns about minister at international development for domestic security. Mr. Coulombe and Ms. less than a year when he was shuffl ed into Bossenmaier will be working closely with the role. Mr. Rochon, who made his mark both RCMP Commissioner Bob Paulson as Canada’s lead negotiator at Group of 20 and Richard Fadden, National Security fi nance ministers’ meetings, will be tasked Adviser to the Prime Minister, in their with implementing the new economic efforts to keep Canadians both at home policies of the Liberal government, and abroad safe. including dropping the middle income-tax bracket from 22 to 20.5 per cent as well as The Diplomats creating a new tax bracket: 33 per cent on Perhaps one of Canada’s best diplomats income over $200,000. is the one we keep posted right in Ottawa: On the defence fi le, DM John Forster Governor General David Johnston. will face some complex work, including The former lawyer and president of the what kind of military role Canada will play University of Waterloo is known to be in the global fi ght against ISIS, how to fi x well-liked and highly-respected (both a procurement system that many consider by government and Canadians), and has broken, and how engaged Canada should earned a reputation for being genuine, be in peacekeeping efforts going forward. down to earth and approachable. The GG Mr. Forster, appointed DM of Defence in makes himself available through Twitter February 2015, has experience working interaction and Skype sessions—recently on intricate, internationally-focused fi les Skyping with aboriginal students from with serious, life-and-death ramifi cations. Atlantic Canada. Mr. Forster was shuffl ed from his position One of the most infl uential foreign as the head of Canada electronic spy dignitaries in Ottawa’s diplomatic circle is agency, the Communications Security the representative from Canada’s closest Establishment. ally, the United States. Bruce Heyman has been U.S. President Barack Obama’s man in The Security Ottawa since March 2014, but was known Replacing Mr. Forster at the notoriously to have an unusually cool relationship secret spy agency is Greta Bossenmaier, with the former prime minister, mostly who shoulders a great deal of responsibility due—pundits say—to the U.S.’s refusal to at a time when public scrutiny on the approve the Keystone XL pipeline. security of Canadians and the boundaries While Prime Minister Trudeau has of surveillance are both high. voiced disappointment over President The agency monitors global data, International Trade deputy minister Obama’s decision to reject the oil pipeline including cyber and airwaves, for Christine Hogan. project, he also stressed that it would not intelligence from outside Canada’s border. P&I photograph by Sam Garcia Continued on page 59 Power & Influence, Winter 2016—47 100TOP most POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL

The Political Staff ers

The [minister] I’m working for is a great example of the new generation of leadership that Prime Minister Trudeau has assembled. The agenda is ambitious, and we’re all keen to give it everything we have.” —Brian Bohunicky, chief of staff to Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan

TEXT BY CHRISTOPHER GULY P&I PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAKE WRIGHT THE POLITICAL STAFFERS-THE TOP 100 LIST

now the boss

rowing up in Winnipeg, Brian senior position in a government led by Mr. and led the party to a landslide victory last Bohunicky planned to become Trudeau’s son. October. a doctor and pursued pre-med A long-time Liberal, Mr. Bohunicky Mr. Sajjan needed a Robin to run his studies at the University of left his hometown, Winnipeg, for Ottawa ministerial Batcave and the boyish-looking GManitoba in the mid-1980s until current in 1993 where he began his ministerial- Mr. Bohunicky, four-and-a-half years affairs captivated him and politics pulled assistant career working fi rst for Manitoba’s senior to his new boss, was the person. him in another direction. Liberal godfather, Lloyd Axworthy, and “We immediately hit it off when we Mr. Bohunicky, the 49-year-old chief then for David Anderson in the Victoria met,” says Mr. Bohunicky, a married father of staff to National Defence Minister MP’s Cabinet portfolios of National of a 12-year-old daughter and who has the Harjit Singh Sajjan, started writing for Revenue, Transport, and Fisheries and right complement of political savvy to the the campus newspaper, The Manitoban, Oceans. The 2000s found Mr. Bohunicky Defence Minister’s military background as and later switched from science to arts to holding senior positions in the public a lieutenant colonel in the Army Reserve. earned a bachelor of arts honours degree service, including as a director in the His new job will involve managing the in political studies in 1988. That summer, Privy Council Offi ce where he helped minister’s offi ce and serving as his chief Mr. Bohunicky landed a job with the then-Government House Leader Tony political adviser, as well as liaising with Manitoba Liberal caucus—the Offi cial Valeri manage the Paul Martin minority deputy minister John Forster and General Opposition at the time—and worked as an Liberal government’s Parliamentary agenda Jonathan Vance, the chief of the defence assistant to its leader and future Senator and avoid, as Mr. Bohunicky points out, staff, on such major fi les as Canada’s future Sharon Carstairs. “any mistakes that could have signifi cant military role in the fi ght against the Islamic But while his political future was consequences.” State, replacing the aging fl eet of CF-18s, unfolding, he still felt the pull of journalism Although the Martin government acquiring new warships for the Royal even as he prepared to begin studies at fell to Stephen Harper’s Conservatives Canadian Navy and continuing to play a Oxford University in the fall of 1988 on a in 2006, Mr. Bohunicky’s hands-on supporting role in the resettlement of Syrian Rhodes scholarship. experience in a pressure-cooker, minority refugees across the country. Before heading to the United Kingdom, government environment was the type Mr. Bohunicky has been around the Hill Mr. Bohunicky’s mentor, Jim Carr, of expertise the Liberals needed—in late long enough to know how to manoeuvre Manitoba’s deputy Liberal leader at the 2009, Mr. Bohunicky joined the OLO as around any potential bureaucratic time and the current federal Natural Mr. Ignatieff’s senior policy adviser and minefi elds. Resources minister, introduced him to the director of the Liberal caucus research As this Dynamic Duo work toward late John Dafoe, the editorial page editor bureau. getting their “battle rhythm,” Mr. of the Winnipeg Free Press, who agreed Mr. Bohunicky was the brains behind Bohunicky is mindful of the gravity of Mr. to publish Mr. Bohunicky’s op-eds from the party’s two-day “thinkers’ conference” Sajjan’s ministerial mandate. across the pond. He graduated in 1991 held in Montreal in March 2010 that “It’s serious work that involves either with a master of philosophy degree in involved using technology and social very large sums of money or lives or both.” politics. His thesis focused on Canadian media via webcasting, Skype and Twitter He’s also proud to be Minister Sajjan’s constitutionalism—specifi cally on the not previously employed at that scale by a right-hand man. intersection between executive federalism federal party. “This is a special moment in Canada, and Parliamentary sovereignty and the new After taking “some time to decompress” and it’s an honour to be part of the constitutional amending formula along in the private sector running export team,” Mr. Bohunicky says. “The guy I’m with the Charter of Rights and Freedoms company Maple Leaf Products Inc. and working for is a great example of the introduced a few years earlier by Prime consulting fi rm Baker Group International new generation of leadership that Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. post-election 2011, Mr. Bohunicky felt Minister Trudeau has assembled. The Back then Mr. Bohunicky never the itch to return to the Hill when Justin agenda is ambitious, and we’re all keen to imagined that one day he would hold a Trudeau became federal Liberal leader give it everything we have.”

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—49 THE TOP 100 LIST-THE POLITICAL STAFFERS Star staf fers bring political savvy to Hill

combination of political smarts, was a member of former prime minister who holds science degrees in statistics party loyalties and long hours Paul Martin’s transition team in 2003 and at the bachelor’s and master’s levels, Mr. have paid off for a group of ran his election war room three years later. Arnold will, in his new job, lead a dual-task young and talented Parliament His experience as chief of staff to Allan unit that will research issues that are or AHill staffers who have risen up the ranks in Rock in his successive Cabinet portfolios could be part of the government agenda— the halls of power following last October’s of justice, health and industry in Jean in part by gauging public opinion—and federal election. Chrétien’s government, will serve this new then promote the resulting agenda items They will guide policy and serve as Liberal government well. to ensure “the government is delivering trusted advisers to some of the Hill’s key Zita Astravas, who took a leave of services that best meet the needs and wants decision-makers. absence as Ontario Premier Kathleen of Canadians.” Depending on their job title and Wynne’s director of media relations to The federal Liberal caucus also has responsibilities, exempt or non-public serve as Mr. Trudeau’s press secretary a new yet seasoned policy veteran upon servant staff are not only political aides during last year’s federal election campaign, whom to rely for guidance on issues. but also friends, family, close advisers is now his director of issues management Brett Thalmann, formerly the director and confi dants to the Cabinet members in the PMO. She is driven, works hard and of operations for the federal Liberal Party they serve. “You become the vault—some will play an important role in the PMO in Ontario, now serves as managing things go in and don’t come back out,” managing all of the hot button issues of director of the Liberal Caucus Research explains Louis-Alexandre Lanthier, who the day. Bureau on the Hill. His experience leading spent 20 years on the Hill working as an Meantime Roland Paris is on leave as opposition research and making sure the assistant to Liberal Cabinet ministers an associate professor at the University of Liberals’ policies are framed through their and MPs, including his last boss, Prime Ottawa’s graduate school of public and own lens rather than the Conservatives’ Minister Justin Trudeau, for whom he international affairs to serve as the Prime or NDP’s will serve him well. served as executive assistant and leadership Minister’s senior adviser on foreign and As the former deputy national campaign manager. defence policy. He was on the Liberal campaign director for Mr. Mr. Lanthier, now a senior adviser Party’s infl uential council of advisers early Trudeau’s leadership bid (and at government relations fi rm Summa on and will play a major role in rebuilding subsequently his transition Strategies, also encouraged senior Canada-U.S. relations. team coordinator), Mr. staffers—especially those younger in their And polling whiz Dan Arnold occupies Thalmann has the ear of Mr. fi rst position—to “get to know” the civil the new role of director of research and Trudeau and the inner servants they work with. “They will give a advertising in the PMO. circle. lot more if you trust them, respect them During the election campaign, New federal and work with them,” he says. “How you the 33-year-old Montreal- Cabinet ministers will treat non-political staff will refl ect not only born, Alberta-raised former benefi t from chiefs on the minister but on the staffer, because associate vice-president with of staff with vast on the Hill, everybody knows everything.” the Liberal Party’s occasional amounts of experience These are the political staff to watch in polling fi rm, Pollara Strategic and political savvy too. 2016. Insights, served as the party’s Another senior Cyrus Reporter, who was Mr. Trudeau’s fi rst in-house pollster whose Queen’s Park staffer, chief of staff in the Liberal leader’s offi ce, fi nal national-vote projection lawyer Kirsten Mercer, now serves as the Prime Minister’s senior was a 177-seat majority Grit now serves as chief of aide overseeing the Syrian refugee fi le. government, or just seven seats staff (CoS) to Justice A lawyer formerly with the national lower than the actual result. Dan Arnold. Minister Jody Wilson- fi rm, Dentons Canada LLP, Mr. Reporter A self-described numbers guy, Raybould.

50—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE POLITICAL STAFFERS-THE TOP 100 LIST

A former associate with the fi rm, Although he didn’t win that race, Mr. hit the ground running, Mr. Raynolds Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP Raynolds has an impressive environmental had to really pick up the pace since and past board member of the Women’s track record that he brought with him to he was dispatched to Paris soon after Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF), Ottawa. his appointment to attend last year’s Ms. Mercer was Premier Wynne’s senior He recently served as VP of market Conference of Parties United Nations justice policy adviser and helped draft development at Calgary-based clean-energy climate change summit with his boss that the province’s strategy regarding sexual producer, BluEarth Renewables Inc. and resulted in the historic global deal to reduce violence. She is expected to be involved in was previously executive director of the carbon emissions. the government’s inquiry into missing and clean-energy think-tank Pembina Institute, With the start of the federal inquiry murdered indigenous women and girls. also headquartered in Calgary. into missing and murdered indigenous John Brodhead, CoS to Infrastructure While all chiefs of staff have had to women and girls, Indigenous and Northern and Communities Minister Amarjeet Sohi, Affairs Minister Carolyn Bennett has a also brings a background of senior Liberal policy wonk familiar with Parliament Hill provincial experience to the Hill. as her CoS. A political studies graduate from Like Mr. Clow, Rick Theis worked on Queen’s University, Mr. Brodhead served the 2015 Liberal election campaign as an as former Ontario premier Dalton issues manager, a role he played in the McGuinty’s deputy chief of staff and Liberal leader’s offi ce along with that of previously as his executive director of policy team lead. Previously, Mr. Theis communications. He has experience served as a policy adviser to the party’s related to his new gig too. interim leader, Bob Rae, and Mr. Ignatieff Until last October, Mr. Brodhead before that. Insiders say he is “very bright” was the executive director of Evergreen and successfully stickhandled important CityWorks, a Toronto-based national non- issues during the campaign. profi t environmental organization focused The strategy and Another Hill veteran match-up has on green urban planning and infrastructure tactics chief occurred between Public Safety and policy, and previously served as director Emergency Preparedness Minister Ralph of parliamentary affairs to John Godfrey, Not all of the top staffers, are Goodale, fi rst elected an MP in 1974, former minister of state for Infrastructure associated with the governing Liberals. and his CoS Marci Surkes, who began and Communities in the government Garry Keller has spent more than her Parliamentary career as a legislative of Paul Martin for whom Mr. Brodhead half of his adult life working for the assistant to former Ontario Liberal MP worked as a volunteer in his leadership Conservatives and their legacy parties Derek Lee in 2007. campaign. the Canadian Alliance and Reform in Holding degrees in common law and Brian Clow left his job as executive opposition and in government. Now, civil law from McGill University, Ms. Surkes director of issues management and the 39-year-old Alberta native holds was hired as a policy analyst with the legislative affairs in Premier Wynne’s offi ce the party’s most senior non-elected Liberal Caucus Research Bureau in 2008, to become CoS to International Trade position on the Hill as chief of staff and became manager of caucus services a Minister Chrystia Freeland after managing to Offi cial Opposition Leader Rona year later when the bureau merged with the issues in the Liberals’ election war room Ambrose. Opposition Leader’s Offi ce. She also served last fall. The role is a familiar one for as a policy adviser on justice, public safety A former president of the University Mr. Keller, who held the same job and status of women fi les in the OLO. of Toronto Liberals and past VP of fi nance previously in the whip’s offi ce and Under interim Liberal leader Bob Rae, for the Young Liberals of Canada, Mr. Clow more recently with John Baird, during Ms. Surkes did double duty as director is yet another 30-something to hold some the former Ottawa West-Nepean of policy and research, and manager of sway on the Hill—a past haunt of his. He Member of Parliament’s near four-year communications until Mr. Trudeau became previously worked as a researcher in the term as Foreign Affairs minister. party leader and she was named senior OLO under former Liberal leader Michael But this time, Mr. Keller’s gig as manager of policy, research and planning. Ignatieff. chief of staff has some challenges. Helping to hire the some 1,000 staffers Environment and Climate Change “Unlike in government, in opposition in the PMO and Cabinet ministers’ Minister Catherine McKenna tapped you don’t get a budget to hire public offi ces was Vince MacNeil, the CoS to former federal Liberal candidate Marlo servants as receptionists or staff for a Government House Leader Dominic Raynolds to serve as her CoS. correspondence unit, so you have to LeBlanc. Mr. Raynolds, who holds a master’s fi nd people to do everything,” says Mr. A former CoS in former Liberal Whip degree in management from McGill and Keller, who’s considered one of the Judy Foote’s offi ce, Mr. MacNeil served as a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from most respected staffers on the Hill for director of parliamentary affairs for the the University of Alberta, ran in the new his ability to work across partisan lines Senate Government Leader from 1990 Alberta federal riding of Banff-Airdrie, and bringing strategic management to 2013 in which he crossed party lines won by Conservative Blake Richards, who skills and tactical advice to his job— to work for such Senators as Progressive previously represented the former Alberta skills the young Tory gun will employ Conservative Lowell Murray and Liberal riding of Wild Rose. in overseeing OLO operations. Sharon Carstairs.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—51 The political staffers-THE Top 100 LIST

A former associate with the firm, He recently served as VP of market Nations climate change summit with his boss Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP development at Calgary-based clean-energy that resulted in the historic global deal to and past board member of the Women’s producer, BluEarth Renewables Inc. and reduce carbon emissions. Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF), was previously executive director of the With the start of the federal inquiry into Ms. Mercer was Premier Wynne’s senior clean-energy think-tank Pembina Institute, missing and murdered indigenous women justice policy adviser and helped draft also headquartered in Calgary. and girls, Indigenous and Northern Affairs the province’s strategy regarding sexual While all chiefs of staff have had to hit the Minister Carolyn Bennett has a policy wonk violence. She is expected to be involved in ground running, Mr. Raynolds had to really familiar with Parliament Hill as her CoS. the government’s inquiry into missing and pick up the pace since he was dispatched to Like Mr. Clow, Rick Theis worked on murdered indigenous women and girls. Paris soon after his appointment to attend the 2015 Liberal election campaign as an John Brodhead, CoS to Infrastructure last year’s Conference of Parties United issues manager, a role he played in the and Communities Minister Amarjeet Sohi, Liberal leader’s office along with that of also brings a background of senior Liberal policy team lead. Previously, Mr. Theis provincial experience to the Hill. served as a policy adviser to the party’s A political studies graduate from interim leader, Bob Rae, and Mr. Ignatieff Queen’s University, Mr. Brodhead served before that. Insiders say he is “very bright” as former Ontario premier Dalton and successfully stickhandled important McGuinty’s deputy chief of staff and issues during the campaign. previously as his executive director of Another Hill veteran match-up has communications. He has experience occurred between Public Safety and Emergency related to his new gig too. Preparedness Minister Ralph Goodale, first Until last October, Mr. Brodhead was the elected an MP in 1974, and his CoS Marci executive director of Evergreen CityWorks, Surkes, who began her Parliamentary career as a Toronto-based national non-profit a legislative assistant to former Ontario Liberal environmental organization focused on green The strategy and MP Derek Lee in 2007. urban planning and infrastructure policy, and tactics chief Holding degrees in common law and previously served as director of parliamentary civil law from McGill University, Ms. Surkes affairs to John Godfrey, former minister of Not all of the top staffers, are was hired as a policy analyst with the state for Infrastructure and Communities in associated with the governing Liberals. Liberal Caucus Research Bureau in 2008, the government of Paul Martin for whom Garry Keller has spent more than and became manager of caucus services a Mr. Brodhead worked as a volunteer in his half of his adult life working for the year later when the bureau merged with the leadership campaign. Conservatives and their legacy parties Opposition Leader’s Office. She also served Brian Clow left his job as executive the Canadian Alliance and Reform in as a policy adviser on justice, public safety director of issues management and legislative opposition and in government. Now, and status of women files in the OLO. affairs in Premier Wynne’s office to become the 39-year-old Alberta native holds Under interim Liberal leader Bob Rae, CoS to International Trade Minister Chrystia the party’s most senior non-elected Ms. Surkes did double duty as director Freeland after managing issues in the Liberals’ position on the Hill as chief of staff of policy and research, and manager of election war room last fall. to Official Opposition Leader Rona communications until Mr. Trudeau became A former president of the University of Ambrose. party leader and she was named senior Toronto Liberals and past VP of finance for The role is a familiar one for manager of policy, research and planning. the Young Liberals of Canada, Mr. Clow is yet Mr. Keller, who held the same job Helping to hire the some 1,000 staffers another 30-something to hold some sway on previously in the whip’s office and in the PMO and Cabinet ministers’ offices the Hill—a past haunt of his. He previously more recently with John Baird, during was Vince MacNeil, the CoS to Government worked as a researcher in the OLO under the former Ottawa West-Nepean House Leader Dominic LeBlanc. former Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff. Member of Parliament’s near four-year A former CoS in former Liberal Whip Environment and Climate Change term as Foreign Affairs minister. Judy Foote’s office, Mr. MacNeil has Minister Catherine McKenna tapped But this time, Mr. Keller’s gig as also worked in several Liberal Senators’ former federal Liberal candidate Marlo chief of staff has some challenges. offices. After working as a Senate page, he Raynolds to serve as her CoS. “Unlike in government, in opposition started doing research for Senator Lorna Mr. Raynolds, who holds a master’s you don’t get a budget to hire public Marsden and got his first political job in degree in management from McGill and servants as receptionists or staff for a Allan MacEachen’s office when he was the a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from correspondence unit, so you have to opposition leader. the University of Alberta, ran in the new find people to do everything,” says Mr. Mr. MacNeil is seen as a very effective Alberta federal riding of Banff-Airdrie, Keller, who’s considered one of the and discreet force for his party, according won by Conservative Blake Richards, who most respected staffers on the Hill for to respondents to The Hill Times’ Top 25 previously represented the former Alberta his ability to work across partisan lines Terrific Staffer survey. “He manages to keep riding of Wild Rose. and bringing strategic management his caucus in line even when we’re in third Although he didn’t win that race, Mr. skills and tactical advice to his job— place,” said one Liberal respondent. Raynolds has an impressive environmental track skills the young Tory gun will employ Said another Liberal respondent: “He is record that he brought with him to Ottawa. in overseeing OLO operations. cool, calm and collected at all times.”.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—51 THE MEDIA-THE TOP 100 LIST

osemary Barton’s now- And things haven’t calmed down since, infamous exchange with then- Ms. Barton tells P&I. immigration minister Chris “That’s what everyone thinks, that Alexander was “just a moment after the election you can go to the ‘She Rwhere it was clear that I had to call out Bahamas. That’s not the way it works for something that wasn’t true,” she says. reporters. There’s more to do, more to During the clip, which went viral learn, more stories,” she says. doesn’t in the middle of last year’s election With 200 new MPs arriving on the campaign, Ms. Barton repeatedly Hill in the wake of the election, “you have challenged Mr. Alexander—fact-checking to fi nd some sources pretty quickly, too. put up and pointing out when he made a false So you have to start introducing yourself statement and attempted to avoid a around town, and meeting people, and question. trying to understand where the stories are Chris Dornan, associate professor at going to be.” with B.S. Carleton University’s school of journalism Ms. Barton says she likes the pace and who is also co-editing a book about last working hard. “I thrive on adrenaline,” she year’s election, describes the exchange as admits. “an emblematic moment.” The kind of feistiness she exhibits in and will “It was establishing her kind of her interview style, she says, is “just the authority as a journalist and a reminder way I am in life. It can be diffi cult for that … journalists aren’t simply people around me. I won’t walk away push people stenographers who parrot whatever they from a fi ght. I won’t walk away from are told by the politicians that they cover,” a debate. And I’m passionate about he says. “That their role and responsibility everything that I do.” on her is, in large measure, to hold the actions of Her experience as a legislative reporter government up to public scrutiny, and to at the Quebec National Assembly intercede and correct politicians if indeed “probably helped train me to be bold and show to they are trying to relay [untrue] political pushy,” she says. During her time there, speaking points.” there were only a few young women in the get of f the That tendency to push beyond the press gallery. message of the day and challenge the “So it was a tough environment. I was people she interviews has earned Ms. also one of three or four anglo reporters, message Barton praise as host of CBC TV’s Power so you had to fi ght to get your questions & Politics show. “She doesn’t put up with in English. You had to operate or function B.S. [and] will push people that are on through your day in French,” she notes. track’ her show to get off the message track,” “I was also … in front of some very says Andrew MacDougall, who worked fi erce politicians, like Bernard Landry as communications director for former and Jean Charest, people who were very prime minister Stephen Harper. wily and smart, so they helped me to Mr. Dornan notes that Ms. Barton understand the best way to get answers challenges people “with authority, but from people.” perfectly politely. She’s not caustic in any In Ottawa, the new Liberal way. She’s not rude. She is simply insistent government has started off more open to when she has to be.” media than the previous government, and Her treatment of Mr. Alexander in while Ms. Barton says that she likes that that interview wasn’t a one-off, Ms. there are more press conferences and that Barton says. “I do that lots of times she is able to interview ministers more throughout shows. That one got more regularly, that’s not where the stories and attention, maybe because of the subject the news come from. matter, maybe because of the way it “They come from the things that the unfolded.” government doesn’t necessarily always She says: “That was just me doing my want us to know—the back stories, job.” how things unfolded, the problems, the Ms. Barton was suddenly thrown into mistakes … so I think that for journalists, the host chair in June 2015 after CBC axed the challenge remains,” she says. former host Evan Solomon, ahead of the “You have to fi nd ways to poke down longest election campaign Canada had and fi nd other people to talk to and do seen in 143 years. “During the campaign, I some stuff in the back hallways and all don’t think anybody worked more hours or that kind of stuff. That part of the job harder than she did,” Mr. MacDougall says. remains the same, I think.”

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—53 THE TOP 100 LIST-THE MEDIA Holding power to account

‘Every PMO pays intimate attention to what the media are writing’

ith a new government comes questions that would get him talking. rest of Canada and the rest of Canada to a new approach to the media, Mr. MacDougall notes Mansbridge’s Quebec. Wand while indications are the infl uence extends to the new government, “She’s one of the very few … that Liberals will have a more open relationship with the anchor scoring a behind-the- travels across that linguistic divide. So it’s a with reporters than the former Harper scenes special on Justin Trudeau’s fi rst day very important role, and she serves it well,” government, some things likely won’t as prime minister. he says, noting Ms. Hebert has a “very change. The journalist heading CBC’s political understated way of laying bare kind of “Every PMO pays intimate attention to coverage is Rob Russo, chief of its shortcomings in the government’s strategy what the media are writing,” says Senator Parliamentary bureau. Mr. MacDougall or thought process.” Jim Munson, a former CTV journalist says Mr. Russo is “a very astute observer Fellow At Issue guest, who was also Jean Chrétien’s director of of kind of the long game in Ottawa,” who Canadian Press reporter communications. “doesn’t want to be reporting the news that Jennifer Ditchburn, As comms director, he says, “you’re everyone else is reporting. He wants his Mr. MacDougall says, trying to get maximum coverage for your guys to fi nd new things.” was responsible boss, for your policy, getting things out and Mr. Russo, Sen. Munson says, is a “well- for giving him getting ahead of the curve, as opposed to respected and fair boss,” who gives his “a number of reacting.” reporters the necessary time to get a story headaches over Despite the growth of social media and and nudges them along until they do. He the years,” though digital channels, says Jason MacDonald, adds: “If I was a young journalist or if I was he notes she who was director of communications to still a reporter, and I wanted to have a boss, “would always give former prime minister Stephen Harper, Rob Russo would be that boss.” you fair warning media coverage matters “from an issues Three print journalists on the most and a chance to management point of view. It can become infl uential list also have the CBC in respond. [She was] the spark for a much bigger issue,” and a common—all appear on The National’s never underhanded, report on the national news can become an At Issue panel. Sen. Munson says he reads always straightforward, The Globe and issue in Question Period tomorrow. National Post columnist Andrew Coyne and she just had a habit Mail’s Bob Fife. TV coverage was top of mind for “all the time,” citing his “aggressive, feisty of fi nding stuff that was Andrew MacDougall during his stint as nature, his skepticism” and his tendency to uncomfortable.” Mr. Harper’s communications director. miss very little. Sen. Munson says “politicians pay “Anything that breaks on television is a Scott Reid, who was communications attention to Jennifer Ditchburn when she’s grade-A emergency,” he says, noting that director for former prime minister Paul asking a question,” noting she has a “deep while newspaper readership is dropping, Martin, says Mr. Coyne has some distance knowledge of the Hill and a commitment “people still watch their television. Pictures because he’s not on the Hill like daily to the craft of journalism.” Like CP are always more damaging than words.” political reporters. Mr. Coyne will “use raw colleague Joan Bryden, she has infl uence One of TV’s most recognizable intelligence and unique writing talent to across the country, since local newspapers faces is Peter Mansbridge, CBC’s chief highlight the absurdity, the inadequacy, or run CP stories through which many correspondent and anchor for The the fl at-out incorrectness of a government Canadians get their news, he adds. National, whom Mr. MacDougall calls “the or political position,” he says. Ms. Bryden, Sen. Munson says, is a grand man of Canadian journalism.” Those interested in federal politics veteran who “knows what’s down the hall, Mr. Mansbridge was his top choice for through a Quebec lens, Mr. Reid adds, or she fi nds out quickly what’s down a hall when the prime minister “had something “can’t afford not to read” the work of in Parliament.” Mr. MacDougall notes that serious to say, or needed to have a longer Toronto Star and L’actualité columnist Ms. Bryden’s beat was the Liberal Party, and serious discussion with a journalist,” and Chantal Hébert in both English and that it will be interesting to see “how much was “the best at getting the prime minister French. Mr. MacDougall says it’s rare to more importance she takes in that bureau comfortable” and asking the types of have a voice that can explain Quebec to the now.”

54—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE MEDIA-THE TOP 100 LIST

Ms. Bryden, he adds, “knows the beats “That means not always following she has, knows the players and is trusted by kind of the shiny bouncy ball of the daily them.” news cycle, but looking at trends. What Newspaper coverage of Canadian politics does this mean? How does this compare? is likely to get a boost as Bob Fife, who Where is this going?” he adds. “And broke one of the biggest stories in Canadian Paul is better than any of his colleagues, politics in recent years, moves from CTV to or was for our government, anyway, at the Globe and Mail as Ottawa bureau chief. kind of separating the wheat from the “Bob is the journalist who strikes fear The youth demographic chaff and getting to the point of what in the hearts of comms directors across The Liberal Party’s electoral success the government was trying to do and government, and across governments relied partly on engaging new voters, and accomplish.” for 30 years,” Mr. Reid says. “I would say using new media such as The Huffi ngton When it comes to a francophone he is the most effective journalist of his Post was part of that plan. Huffi ngton perspective, La Presse’s Ottawa bureau chief generation. And by that I mean Bob Fife Post Ottawa bureau chief Althia Raj is Joël-Denis Bellavance “is the window to breaks stories and rattles cages. To ignore a conduit to the younger demographic Quebec. What J.D. writes about, Quebec Bob Fife would be a suicidal stupid move that makes up part of the Liberal base, reads,” Sen. Munson says, adding Mr. on the part of anybody who is working in and she has good sources within Team Bellevance is an “aggressive” reporter who communications on Parliament Hill.” Trudeau. “gets it right.” Sen. Munson notes he and Mr. Fife both Mr. Reid calls Bellavance a genius, arrived in Ottawa as reporters in the late noting that when he arrived in Ottawa in 1970s. “He was aggressive then … and he’s the late 1980s as a page, “he could barely aggressive now, but what he has now is all speak English.” that institutional experience,” he says. Mr. Bellavance “taught himself to Mr. MacDougall says it will hurt CTV write in English and is as accomplished not to have Mr. Fife, a “giant killer” with at reporting and writing in English as excellent contacts who hears information anybody who is a natural-born English other journalists don’t. Mr. Fife “consumed [speaker]. So I have a lot of respect for him, the last year or the last half-year of my The GTA connection and I think he’s an extraordinarily, just a time in my old job with his Senate stories,” The Greater Toronto Area was the really talented reporter.” he adds. “I still have scars from Bob Fife principal electoral battleground in 2015 Bloomberg Ottawa bureau chief Theo reports.” and remains vital terrain for all parties. Argitis offers a different perspective than As Mr. Fife leaves CTV, Power Play host The Toronto Star, Canada’s largest paper most political journalists, given his focus Don Martin “will be hugely important … by circulation, provides Parliament on business news. “For a window on the because Don, like Bob, has a long list of Hill coverage to many of those voters world, for a fi nancial and/or public policy in contacts. He knows how to use them,” Mr. and Bruce Campion-Smith is the one terms of economics, Theo is the person to MacDougall adds. directing the bureau’s team of talented cultivate,” Sen. Munson says. “Don has an amazing way of reporters. Mr. Reid notes that because he’s one getting you comfortable, because he’s of few who focus on writing about the phenomenally funny and a nice guy, and he connection between politics, policy and has a way of getting … people to talk.” economics, “often his pieces look different At Globe and Mail rival National Post, than what you will read from virtually columnist John Ivison is another journalist everyone else, and that’s usually to his with great contacts, which reach “deep into credit.” the bureaucracy,” Mr. MacDougall says. While most of the journalists on the “In terms of columnists who dig and list report for traditional media outlets, work hard and fi nd things, John is at the Will LeRoy differs in that he made his own top of the list in English-speaking papers, when he founded aggregator National and he does it by going to more things than Insightful broadcasts Newswatch. anyone else,” Mr. MacDougall says. “He Former Liberal Cabinet minister Jean Mr. Reid says Mr. LeRoy is “quietly one pays attention to more fi les, goes to more Lapierre is an infl uential voice on of the most infl uential people in national events, knows more people, and never stops federal politics within la belle province. media.” working, and never stops trying to fi nd that He co-hosts Larocque-Lapierre with Paul “His page is the destination next story.” Larocque on TVA, is a commentator on for politicians, senior aides, senior He notes Mr. Ivison never stopped Montreal and Quebec City radio and bureaucrats, lobbyists, consultants, trade building relationships, even when others got the co-author of The Morning After: The associations, industry associations,” Mr. frustrated with a lack of access and began 1995 Quebec Referendum and the Day Reid notes. “Anyone who has a strong relying on access to information requests. that Almost Was with columnist Chantal interest in what goes on in Ottawa in At Maclean’s, political editor Paul Wells Hébert. With an estimated 300,000 the public affairs of the country has an “is a tremendously insightful observer of listeners Mr. Lapierre’s insights are appointment with Will’s website multiple Ottawa,” Mr. MacDougall says. sought regularly. times a day.”

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—55 100TOP most POWERFUL & INFLUENTIAL The other inﬂ uencers

She is very much the pillar in their family.” —Liberal insider on Sophie Grégoire- Trudeau’s influence on her husband, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau

TEXT BY CYNTHIA MÜNSTER PHOTOGRAPHS BY PMO Personal relationships Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s inner circle includes longtime friends with deep connections to him and his family, the most inﬂ uential of which is his wife, Sophie Grégoire-Trudeau.

ophie Grégoire-Trudeau is charismatic, It’s clear that Ms. Grégoire-Trudeau and Skind-hearted, and infl uential, a partner to the prime minister have a strong political Justin Trudeau in every sense of the word, partnership. “One of my duties is to really stay according to those close to them. grounded,” she recently told Vogue magazine. The master The couple’s joint appearance at a We Day “We’re more partners than my mother event in Ottawa, one of Mr. Trudeau’s fi rst and father were ever able to be,” Mr. Trudeau, campaginer public appearances since being sworn into whose father Pierre Elliott Trudeau (Canada’s offi ce, was seen as a signal of both their interest 15th primer minister) and mother Margaret onservative Party of in the youth portfolio. Ms. Grégoire-Trudeau Trudeau had a rocky relationship which ended Canada executive addressed the 16,000 youth gathered at the in divorce, told Vogue. Cdirector Dustin Canadian Tire Centre fi rst, telling them of her Ms. Grégoire-Trudeau is “not a stranger van Vugt, a well-liked struggles with eating disorders in her youth to the hard work that goes into winning a Conservative insider has been and the importance of self-esteem, before campaign,” say insiders. For example, behind tasked with organizing the introducing her husband to the cheering the scenes during the last election, Ms. 2015 election post-mortem. crowd. The couple were involved with We Day Grégoire-Trudeau took the time to call and This puts him in a position in the past, one of Ms. Grégoire-Trudeau’s personally thank Liberal volunteers around the to infl uence the party’s many engagements as a volunteer and activist, country that were working particularly hard. future. He will have to take an for which she received the UN Women Personal relationships are very important to honest, hard look at the party National Committee Canada Recognition Mr. Trudeau, who has surrounded himself with and the campaign in order for Award for her contribution to human rights. people he trusts, many of whom have been the post-mortem exercise to Ms. Grégoire-Trudeau, a 40-year-old long-time friends. be useful, says a Conservative mother of three, is passionate about gender Liberal Party president Anna Gainey is one observer, adding that he equality and women’s empowerment, including such example. Her husband Tom Pitfi eld is a believes Mr. van Vugt is the aboriginal women’s issues. She supported the childhood friend of Mr. Trudeau and the son man for that job and will take call for an inquiry into missing and murdered to Pierre Elliott Trudeau-era Privy Council this exercise seriously. indigenous women. clerk Michael Pitfi eld. Ms. Gainey has become He will also be involved in “He relies on her signifi cantly and her a close friend to Ms. Grégoire-Trudeau. The all matters affecting the party, opinions and views matter. She is very much couples have children of the same age and specifi cally managing the the pillar in their family,” explains a Liberal regularly go on holidays together. leadership race, rebuilding and insider who has had opportunity to observe Ms. Gainey has become very infl uential, preparing for the next election them as a couple. making inroads across the country since fi rst and candidate selection. Canada doesn’t have a defi ned role or being elected president in February 2014. She Mr. van Vugt personifi es title for the prime minister’s spouse, so each is well liked within the party and has the ear to many insiders what a one has shaped it to their own personality of the prime minister. She will be working conservative operative is. and preferences. A spouse is often the most with interim party national director Christina He’s been described as a infl uential person in people’s lives, the person Topp. master campaigner—one to turn to for direct, honest advice. In the Ms. Topp, who recently served as the of the best in Canada—and case of the prime minister, the spouse tends party’s fundraising chief, came to the Liberal insiders believe the fact he to be well-aware of the pressure their partner Party from the World Wildlife Fund (where didn’t play a bigger role in is under, says Catherine Clark, daughter of PMO principal secretary Gerald Butts served the last campaign was a big former PM Joe Clark and Maureen McTeer. as president and CEO). Her fundraising mistake. He has played many “They will try to act as a sounding board,” success since joining the Liberals in September roles within the party so says Ms. Clark, a broadcast journalist who’s 2013 has earned her the party’s respect and he understands the various worked with many MPs and their spouses. a measure of infl uence, which led to her dynamics of the modern Ms. Clark describes the Trudeaus’ expanded role. Conservative Party, from relationship as ‘very modern,’ in that they seem Those who have worked closely with her the grassroots to the highest to make a deliberate effort to invest in each say she is strong in human resources; people echelons of the backrooms. other as a couple. enjoy working with her and she is a likeable, “He is defi nitely the most Observers close to the couple say Ms. professional boss. Now that her responsibilities infl uential, the most powerful Grégoire-Trudeau’s experience in broadcast have expanded from fundraising to acting [and] the one saddled with journalism and communications is a big asset director because of her predecessor Jeremy the most responsibility,” says to the prime minister. Previously, she worked Broadhurst’s move to the PMO, she will be in a Conservative insider about as CTV’s eTalk Quebec correspondent and was charge of organizing the upcoming national the party’s future. popular in the Quebec media. She later became convention in Winnipeg and other party a yoga instructor and a public speaker. business in the coming months. Power & Influence, Winter 2016—57 Top

The Political Staffers Dan Arnold, PMO director of research and advertising 100 Zita Astravas, PMO director of issues management most Brian Bohunicky, chief of staff to Defence Minister John Brodhead, chief of staff to Infrastructure Minister Brian Clow, chief of staff to International Trade Minister Powerful & influential Gary Keller, chief of staff to Official Opposition Leader in government and politics in 2016 Vince MacNeil, chief of staff to Government House Leader Kirsten Mercer, chief of staff to Justice Minister The top 25 Roland Paris, PMO policy adviser 1. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Marlo Raynolds, chief of staff to Environment and Climate Change Minister 2. Katie Telford, chief of staff to the Prime Minister Cyrus Reporter, PMO senior adviser 3. Gerald Butts, principal secretary to the Prime Minister Marci Surkes, chief of staff to Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Minister 4. Government House Leader Dominic LeBlanc Brett Thalmann, managing director of the Liberal Caucus Research Bureau 5. Innovation, Science and Economic Development Minister Navdeep Bains Rick Theis, chief of staff to Indigenous and Northern Affairs Minister 6. Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne 7. Finance Minister Bill Morneau the Public Servants and Officials 8. Treasury Board President Scott Brison Malcolm Brown, special adviser to the Clerk of the Privy Council on the 9. Foreign Affairs Minister Stéphane Dion Syrian Refugee Initiative 10. Public Safety Minister Ralph Goodale Michel Coulombe, director, Canadian Security Intelligence Service 11. Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould Greta Bossenmaier, chief, Communications Security Establishment Canada 12. Conservative interim leader Rona Ambrose Janice Charette, senior adviser, PCO 13. Environment and Climate Change Minister Catherine McKenna Richard Fadden, national security adviser to the Prime Minister 14. Jeremy Broadhurst, deputy chief of staff and deputy principal secretary Michael Ferguson, Auditor General of Canada in the PMO John Forster, deputy minister of National Defence 15. Michael Wernick, Clerk of the Privy Council Office Bruce Heyman, U.S. Ambassador to Canada 16. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Minister John McCallum Christine Hogan, deputy minister of International Trade 17. International Trade Minister Chrystia Freeland Daniel Jean, deputy minister of Foreign Affairs 18. Mike McNair, PMO director of policy David Johnston, Governor General of Canada 19. Perry Bellegarde, National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations Simon Kennedy, deputy minister of Health 20. National Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan John Knubley, deputy minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development 21. Yaprak Baltacıoglu, Treasury Board Secretary Michael Martin, deputy minister Environment and Climate Change 22. Kate Purchase, PMO Communications Director Bob Paulson, RCMP commissioner 23. Richard Maksymetz, chief of staff to the Finance minister Bill Pentney, deputy minister of Justice 24. Supreme Court Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin Stephen Poloz, Bank of Canada governor 25. Jonathan Vance, Chief of Defence Staff Paul Rochon, deputy minister of Finance Colleen Swords, deputy minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs The Politicians Jean-François Tremblay, deputy minister of Infrastructure and Communities Indigenous and Northern Affairs Minister Carolyn Bennett Peter Watson, chair of the National Energy Board Natural Resources Minister Jim Carr Michael Wernick, deputy clerk of the Privy Council and associate secretary Quebec Premier Philippe Couillard to the cabinet NDP MP Nathan Cullen Luo Zhaohui, Chinese Ambassador to Canada Families, Children and Social Development Minister Jean-Yves Duclos Public Services and Procurement Minister Judy Foote The Media Transport Minister Marc Garneau Theo Argitis, Bloomberg Ottawa bureau chief Canadian Heritage Minister Melanie Joly Rosemary Barton, CBC Power and Politics host Conservative MP Jason Kenney Joël-Denis Bellavance, La Presse Ottawa bureau chief NDP Leader Tom Mulcair Joan Bryden, Canadian Press reporter Calgary Mayor Naheed Nenshi Bruce Campion-Smith, Toronto Star Ottawa bureau chief Alberta Premier Rachel Notley Andrew Coyne, National Post columnist Health Minister Jane Philpott Jennifer Ditchburn, Canadian Press reporter Conservative MP Lisa Raitt Bob Fife, Globe and Mail Ottawa bureau chief Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson Chantal Hébert, Toronto Star and L’actualité columnist Conservative House Leader Andrew Scheer John Ivison, National Post columnist Infrastructure Minister Amarjeet Sohi Jean Lapierre, TVA host Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall Will LeRoy, National Newswatch founder Peter Mansbridge, anchor and chief correspondent CBC’s The National THE other influencers Don Martin, Host of CTV’s Power Play Anna Gainey, Liberal Party president Althia Raj, Huffington Post Ottawa bureau chief Sophie Grégoire-Trudeau, Prime Minister’s wife Rob Russo, CBC Ottawa bureau chief Christina Topp, Liberal fundraiser Paul Wells, Maclean’s political editor Dustin van Vugt, Conservative Party executive director —Compiled by Mark Burgess

58—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 The political staffers-THE top 100 LIST

comical designation: the angriest man in Canada. Most Public servants are a photos of the man who keeps the government spending dedicated, steadfast force to inline shows him scowling at the camera, his eyes showing skepticism and mistrust; really, a good person to hold loyally implement decisions Parliament accountable for the spending of public funds. Continued from page 47 Auditor General since November 2011, Mr. Ferguson was appointed after working as the deputy minister of Finance hurt relations with Canada’s neighbour. Meanwhile, Mr. of New Brunswick. Heyman has showed signs of excitement and optimism Canada’s other main monetary adviser is Stephen when asked about working with the new prime minister, Poloz, Governor of the Bank of Canada. Mr. Poloz singing his praise to The Canadian Press, saying: Mr. provides the Canadian government analysis of the national Trudeau is “a good man. He’s smart, he’s affable, he’s and global economy, and makes recommendations caring. … He’s going to be a great representative for your about how to strengthen Canada’s economic activity. country.” The northern neighbours currently have a lot Many observers say he will have more freedom to give of mutual bilateral policies to attend to, including climate transparent and honest advice under the Trudeau change targets, combating the threats posed by ISIL, government. After not ruling out negative interest rates border crossing facilitation, and regulatory harmonization. last December, Mr. Poloz will be an influential player in Another major influential diplomat going forward navigating the uncertain economic climate. will be Chinese Ambassador to Canada Luo Zhaohui, One sector that was previously a major booster of the who is actively promoting China’s economic growth and Canadian economy was energy, but with the so-called encouraging the Canadian government to boost bilateral oil crash, there have been changes in that area as well. trade and lock in a free trade agreement as soon as Peter Watson, chair of the National Energy Board, will be possible. forced to adjust to those new realities, as well as navigate a potentially tense relationship with Mr. Trudeau, who Keepers of the Money campaigned on a promise to conduct a full review of Aside from the title of Auditor General of Canada, Canada’s environmental assessment practices, including a Michael Ferguson also has an unofficial and rather reform of the arms-length regulating board.

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—59

LMQP.indd 1 15-01-08 4:16 PM IDEAS-BIG DIVERSITY IS CANADA ENTERING A NEW ERA OF BIG DIVERSITY?

anada is a very diverse and complex country Now we have a major national project to bring that has always found ways to maximize the 25,000 Syrian refugees to Canada, a project which opportunities and minimize the challenges. goes well beyond the federal government and includes CDiversity represents a major issue for our provincial governments, municipalities, church and country over the next decade or two if we are going to other religious groups and most impressively, small get it right. The solutions are not few and the path not groups of Canadians—often strangers—who have short. The good thing is the new Liberal government banded together to sponsor and then take care of total just might understand that in a big way. strangers who are coming here from the other side of the world. This is an embrace of diversity—part global ANDREW Indigenous reality and part Canada—like we have never seen before. CARDOZO The pivotal Supreme Court decision on the Diversity plays itself out in various ways. With Tsilhqot’in case in 2014 established that the Tsilhqot’in more than one quarter of the population being non- Andrew Cardozo people maintained title over their land that was white, we are changing as a country. There are cities is president of the part of a treaty with the Crown from more than 150 that are majority non-white and ridings too—such as Pearson Centre for years ago. Most treaties are not documents signed Richmond, B.C., and Richmond Hill, Ont., which are Progressive Policy and long ago and forgotten, but rather agreements that more than 60 per cent non-white. There are also towns is an adjunct professor at Carleton University. exist in perpetuity—this, in the context of the Royal and cities in the Prairies which are moving towards Proclamation of 1763 signed by King George III which being majority Indigenous, where the school system is established the concept of Indigenous title. already there. This court decision has built on other jurisprudence The benefi ts of diversity include a vibrant, concerning the rights of the fi rst peoples and perhaps interesting population with connections the world over more than any other in recent years, has established First which exporters are beginning to hone in on. We get Nations governments as a legitimate order of government the people we need in a range of professions: doctors, in Canada. So we really do have four levels: federal, nurses, scientists, researchers, taxi drivers, retail staff provincial/territorial, municipal and First Nations. It’s not and nannies. If we stopped immigration suddenly, what most of us learned in school, but it’s real. our economy and our personal lives would suffer. The Royal Proclamation recognized large parts of The challenges include the need to have services that the Canadian land mass as being Indigenous and then respond to diversity, be that in social services, health the subsequent treaties came along and said, ‘we’ll care or the school system. take most of the land from you, leave you with small Indian reservations and take care of you in perpetuity.’ Trudeau’s response Perpetuity means then and now and in the future unless Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has just appointed new treaties end those treaties. the most diverse cabinet, has created a new cabinet While the previous government did everything Committee in Diversity and Inclusion, and one of it could to block, deny or ignore some of the key its fi ve priorities in the throne speech was entitled Indigenous claims, the new Liberal government is “Diversity is Canada’s strength.” one that is not only open to this interpretation of our This includes embarking on a new nation-to-nation constitutional reality, but embraces it. The time has relationship between the federal government and passed to debate our constitutional system. It is time to Indigenous peoples; implementing the comprehensive make the best of a complex system and get used to it. recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and establishing an inquiry into the Immigration and diversity national scandal of the more than 1,000 missing and Likewise, the niqab is just one issue that relates murdered Indigenous women. It includes the national to the diversity which results from decades of project on refugees. In addition, Justice Minister immigration. With 184 seats in the House of Commons, Jody Wilson-Raybould has said she will address the the Liberals regained a large share of the “ethnic vote” Indigenous over-representation in our penitentiaries. in October’s election that had given the Conservative A cabinet committee on diversity and inclusion—it’s Party its majority in 2011. Remember when requests to big, it’s new and it can lay the foundation for a system wear the turban in the RCMP and the Canadian Armed of government with courts, boards and commissions Forces was a highly controversial issue? What’s next? that will be also be more diverse. It’s taking the issues A Defence Minister who wears a turban? Oh wait, we up to a whole new level and making diversity a priority; already have that in Harjit Singh Sajjan. a very Canadian thing to do. 60—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THREE WORDS-MP ORIENTATION

he fall of 2015 was hectic and busy as parliamentary transition staff organized, briefed and coordinated more than 338 Members of 1 2 T Parliament. Offices were set up, phone and email addresses were assigned, and staff needed to be hired so members would be prepared for the first day of their new job. During the transition phase, new MPs are required to attend a number of orientation sessions, where they learn the ins and outs of serving in the House of Commons. They got intel on everything from knowing where the bathrooms are and what the whip’s role is, and how legislation makes it through Parliament. Power & Influence reached out to a few new faces and asked them: 3 4 Describe in three words the most important advice you received during your orientation

By Asha Hingorani

Randy Boissonnault 5 6 1. Liberal MP (Edmonton Centre, Alta.): Learn the rules. 2. Conservative MP Alupa Clarke (Beauport-Limoilou, Que.): Family, proximity, time. 3. Liberal MP Chandra Arya (Nepean, Ont.): Listen, ask and participate. 4. NDP MP Wayne Stetski (Kootenay Columbia, B.C.): Make Canada Better. 5. NDP MP Sheri Benson (Saskatoon West, Sask): Don’t go it alone. 6. Liberal MP Frank Baylis (Pierrefonds-Dollard, Que.) Transparency, Dedication, Service. 7. Liberal MP Salma Zahid (Scarborough Centre, Ont.): Always respect 7 8 constituents. 8. Liberal MP Filomena Tassi (Hamilton West-Ancaster- Dundas, Ont.): Respect, Service, Compassion.

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—61 HEAFEY.indd 1 2016-01-08 10:03 AM Order in the House Parliament is no longer the boys’ club it was 60 years ago, says new House Speaker Geoff Regan.

BY RACHEL AIELLO

n the six weeks between the end of the last federal election campaign and when IParliament returned, Liberal MP Geoff Regan called many of his Commons colleagues, getting their thoughts on what they hoped for in the new session, and sharing his own. In a bid to become the House of Commons Speaker, Mr. Regan, 56, focused on changing the tone of Parliament. “You can disagree without being disagreeable. I think most Canadians want to see an improvement in the tone in Parliament and a little more respect shown,” he tells P&I. MPs elected him as their Speaker on Dec. 3 by a secret preferential ballot, the results of which he is unaware. Mr. Regan, who represents the riding of Halifax West, N.S., spent the fi rst few weeks in his new job learning the ridings and names of the other 337 Members of Parliament, meeting with the three main party leaders to discuss improving the tone HOUSE SPEAKER-SPOTLIGHT in the House, and sitting down with his In his new role, Mr. Regan is responsible You’ve been in the House for 18 predecessor to learn the ropes, all while still for representing the Commons to the years, and have a largely political residing in the same bachelor apartment Senate, the Crown and internationally. He’s family. When did you decide you he’s had in Ottawa for 10 of his 18 years in in charge of making sure the Parliamentary were going to run for Speaker this Parliament. proceedings, rules and conventions are Parliament, and why? Mr. Regan plans to move into the respected, while remaining impartial. This “Although I’ve had an interest in apartment on the Hill given to him, as includes being removed from any Liberal parliamentary procedure for many years, well as Kingsmere, the Quebec farmhouse caucus discussions, sitting as chair of the I had a professor at St. Francis Xavier designated to the Speaker of the House, by Board of Internal Economy committee, University, the late Dr. John Stewart, who the end of January. He’s still working on and ruling on the admissibility of omnibus was an expert on parliamentary procedure selecting which scotch he’ll have on hand legislation, MPs’ questions of privilege or and encouraged me way back when I was when he begins hosting MPs for dinner, but the relevancy of the government’s answers fi rst elected to pursue more interest in this. the Mabou, N.S.,-made Glen Breton single in Question Period. “It was only really after the election malt is said to be a frontrunner. Mr. Regan sat down for an interview when I heard from some other members “I’m sure you’d be shocked at the with Power & Infl uence during his second suggesting I should consider this that I number of people who have very kindly week in the big chair. The following Q&A started giving it some serious thought. It offered to help tasting and testing different has been edited for length and style. struck me that it was an opportunity to scotches,” he tells P&I. continue to pursue something that has He’s also looking forward to setting up There has been talk about all always been a part of my career, and that regular dinners with MPs now that they’re sides wanting to work on the tone was an effort to try to reduce cynicism back to work in earnest. Outgoing speaker in the House, but already we’ve about politics and politicians. Andrew Scheer tells P&I it’ll be important seen some heckling, etc. From your “Now that’s a big goal, but I remember for Mr. Regan to not take things personally, perspective, what is going to be before I was ever elected when I would and know when to “let a little bit of steam required to change that, and how help out on other people’s campaigns out of the valve” in the House, something do you see yourself playing a role in and go door to door hearing those people he thinks Mr. Regan shouldn’t have a that? say, ‘Oh those politicians are all the same, problem with. “I’ve already spoken with the prime they’re all crooks, they only come around “Geoff is one of the types of people that minister and each of the main three party at election time.’ And when I was thinking could have a laugh, could take a tease and leaders about this and gotten their support about running I said to myself, ‘How do give a tease,” says Mr. Scheer. “I think we’ve and interest in improving decorum and you combat that? And what can I do as one seen from him a knack for having a good improving the tone in Parliament. MP to overcome that kind of thinking and presence in the House and understanding “I recognize that we have an adversarial show that I’m not like that?’ the dynamic.” process and that each party has the “So this to me is an opportunity to As an MP, Mr. Regan hosted around 125 responsibility to present an alternative. further work in that area and to hopefully “let’s talk” meetings with his constituents There is that natural confl ict, and it’s work toward a system here where Members over the years, something he’s hoping to adversarial, but it doesn’t mean it has to be of Parliament have a real say in government still fi nd time for. disrespectful. decisions and that the public have a real say “The Speaker can always play a role for “I hope Canadians will speak to their through their MPs.” his or her riding, because in my experience MPs over the next couple of months and the cabinet ministers are understanding of encourage them, and thank them for the As Speaker, is there an issue you’d the unique role Speakers are in and if the good tone they’ve seen so far—generally like to champion, or have the House Speaker has an issue, at the very least they speaking—and by doing so making it clear work on and advance? will often hear them out on a fi le,” says Mr. how important it is to the members of the Scheer. public to see this continue and improve.” Continued on page 77

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—63 PEOPLE-VISUAL CV Bill casey

Parliament welcomes back the MP who prioritizes principles over partisanship

BY ALLY FOSTER

t started out as a typical Thursday in the fall of 1988 for Bill Casey. Like most mornings, he woke in Ihis hometown of Amherst, N.S., and prepared for another day managing his award-winning car dealerships. Business was booming. And yet, something was different—Mr. Casey yearned for something else; a grittier, more meaningful challenge. So, on a whim, the already well-known 1989-1992 International experience businessman—who understood that the best networking During his first term, Mr. Casey had, what he calls, a “life-changing experience” is done stopping someone on the sidewalk to ask after when he went to the Middle East with the Canada-Israel committee. Upon his a sick relative, or in a Tim Hortons, over a coffee gone return, then-leader of the PC party, Joe Clark, appointed him foreign affairs critic. The first thing he did with this new position was to have the caucus host cold from good conversation—made an impulsive the Israeli and Palestinian representatives to Canada individually to hear their decision. He threw his hat into the political ring, seeking perspectives on the ongoing tension in the Middle East. nomination as a Progressive Conservative for the riding Mr. Casey continued to work closely on the Israel-Palestine file and in 2010 he of Cumberland-Colchester. He won on the second ballot. was invited by the United Nations to speak at an international conference about the role of parliamentarians in the peace process. Mr. Casey is pictured above Over the next 28 years, Mr. Casey would go on to with Ottawa businessman Bill Ayyad and former Palestinian representative Amin represent that same Atlantic riding as a Member of Abou-Hassira. P&I photograph by Jake Wright Parliament for the PC Party, the Conservatives, as an Independent, and now, after the Oct. 19 federal election, 2001 A man of as a Liberal. the people 1988 An accidental politician Mr. Casey has never lost sight of the grass roots issues that matter deeply to his constituents. In 2001, Mr. Casey’s worked tirelessly to have Beaubassin—a long- forgotten Acadian village in his riding—recognized as a national heritage site. It was a task that he had to cross the aisle to accomplish, seeking the co-operation of an unlikely ally: then- Liberal prime minister Jean Chrétien. It was perhaps because of his reputation Mr. Casey, pictured at a Progressive Conservative convention, for having an unfailing focus refers to himself as “an accidental politician,” chuckling when on small, localized projects he admits: “I’d never been to a political meeting in my life until I and the needs of his riding went to my own nomination.” that saw him receive The day he discovered he’d been designated as the PC the ‘Best Represents candidate for his riding was the same day then-prime minister Constituents’ award in Brian Mulroney called a federal election. 2009 by Maclean’s. “I went home that night, put my head in my hands and said, “That was a proud ‘What have I done now?” he recalls. But a challenge was what moment,” he says, softly, he sought, so he decided then and there to give it all he had. On adding, “If I’m to be his first day in Parliament, Mr. Casey said he stepped into Centre remembered for something, Block and was in awe. “I walked down those halls thinking, ‘How that’s what I would want to lucky can a person be?’ I looked up at the [towers’] incredible be remembered for.” architecture, and I marveled at them. I marveled at what they P&I photograph by Jake Wright are, and what they stand for.” The Hill Times archive photo

64—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 VISUAL CV-PEOPLE 2006 to 2009 The toughest test of them all In June 2006, Bill Casey stepped up to tackle what was perhaps the biggest challenge of his life, although this was not a fight he chose. Fellow MP Chuck Cadman had recently passed away after a battle with malignant melanoma. In an attempt to raise cancer awareness, Mr. Cadman’s wife Dona held a cancer screening for MPs on Parliament Hill in West Block. “The only reason I went to it is because my committee meeting ended early for the first time, and so I thought maybe I would go,” he says. Mr. Casey remembers being the only MP there, and so the doctor offered to do a more thorough physical exam. “I said, ‘oh alright.’ I really didn’t want to take my tie off—I hate doing that—but for some reason I did.” The doctor found signs of cancer, and Mr. Casey was in the hospital the next morning. After a successful surgery, Mr. Casey ran in the 2008 election, but was told by doctors that if he didn’t take time to properly slow down and heal, he may never recover. As a result, he bowed out of federal politics in 2009 and became the senior representative for Nova Scotia at the Department of Intergovernmental Affairs in Ottawa. He’s pictured below with CPAC’s Martin Stringer as the Nova Scotia representative. P&I photograph by Jake Wright

2007 Kicked from caucus By 2007, Mr. Casey’s career as a fiery, passionate backbencher was turned upside down. Then part of the in-power Conservative Party, he broke ranks with Stephen Harper and voted against the bill that would implement the federal budget, arguing it would violate the Atlantic Accord. As a result, he stood and gave his ‘nay’ to an eruption of cheers and chatter in the House. A few hours later, he was given the boot. “That was a very confusing time,” Mr. Casey says. “But it was certainly the right thing to do, and I’m glad I did it.” Mr. Casey ran as an independent in the 2008 election, and won with 70 per cent of the vote. He says he looks at the experience as “a message to all politicians that if you stand up for your people, they’ll stand up for you when the time comes.” P&I photograph by Jake Wright

2015 Back in the game Mr. Casey felt as though his work was not yet finished. In November 2014, he announced that he would once again run in his old riding in the 2015 federal election—but this time, as a Liberal. “The issue that has motivated me to act now is that I want to add my voice to those very credible people who are raising the alarm about the declining state of our parliamentary system,” he said in a public statement at the time. “I believe that those of us who have experienced this deterioration first hand have an obligation to speak out.” Mr. Casey ran, and won against, his former Conservative campaign manager Scott Armstrong, the incumbent MP. The crux of his campaign was to take down Stephen Harper. He has once again resumed his position as a backbencher; no skin off his back, considering his firm belief that parliamentarians have immense power to create positive change when they have the freedom to do so. And just like his very first day on the job in 1988, Mr. Casey says when he arrived back in Ottawa after the election, he went and took a quiet stroll, admiring the architecture of Parliament Hill and all of the values and possibilities it represents. “I couldn’t get the grin off my face,” he says. “I was so proud to be there, and I just walked the halls.” Mr. Casey is pictured at the first Liberal caucus meeting last November. P&I photograph by Jake Wright

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—65 IDEAS-THE ESSAY THE XX FACTOR

Will the 42nd Parliament be the one that fully leverages women’s potential as power brokers and leaders in their own right?

t’s been a roller coaster ride for elected women dramatic changes to the political landscape—which on the Canadian landscape over the past few in turn appear to be expanding the prospects for years. Between 2010 and 2013, Canadians saw women. Now in place is the largest women’s caucus the number of women premiers triple—from of any governing party in Canada’s history and a Ia mere one (Eva Aariak, premier of Nunavut) in prime minister who has, it seems, made a steadfast 2010 to six. British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, commitment to appointing an equal number of Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador joined women and men to his cabinet. Rona Ambrose is Nunavut as part of a rather new and sizable club. interim leader of the Offi cial Opposition, bringing Remarkably, when all six premiers were in place at a refreshing new tone and approach to policy NANCY the same time, more than 85 per cent of Canadians making. The New Democrats, while a much smaller PECKFORD were being governed by women. It was astonishing, caucus, still have the highest percentage of women & particularly after decades of just one or no women MPs at 40 per cent who bring a range of talent represented among Canada’s First Ministers. and expertise. And, of course, the Green Party’s GRACE But it was not for long. In several cases, the Elizabeth May remains determined to punch women who had successfully attained leadership well above her weight and will likely be far more of their parties had done so at a precipitous effective in doing so with a government whose LORE moment. In academic circles, it’s called the glass priorities intersect with hers. Nancy Peckford is national cliff. Their parties were fl agging in the polls, mired It begs the question: will Canada’s 42nd spokesperson for Equal Voice, in controversy after years in offi ce or, quite simply, Parliament fi nally be the one that fully leverages a national multi-partisan short on vision. Consequently, not all of these women’s talents and potential as power brokers and organization dedicated to newly minted women premiers survived. Some leaders in their own right? electing more women in were outmaneuvered by very strong women Canada. Grace Lore is a opposition leaders. Others could not adapt to the The path to victory University of British Columbia rigors of an offi ce fraught with as many internal as In total, 88 women were elected to this political scientist. external dynamics. Parliament, 50 of them Liberal. Overall, it’s 12 However, throughout this time and beyond, more than were elected in 2011 but, proportionally, Canadians have been witness to the power given the 30 new seats that were added to the and infl uence elected women can yield on the House, women will comprise just 26 per cent of the provincial and territorial scenes. It hasn’t always House. This represents a one point increase from been smooth—and not every woman has been the previous Parliament. Given the average one up for the challenge, clearly. But those women point rise in women’s representation in the House who have endured have thrived. Premiers Christy of Commons over the past fi ve elections, reaching Clark and Kathleen Wynne have proven to be parity could take 90 years. It’s why leadership from adept political players who have engendered loyalty this Parliament is so critical, particularly when it among their colleagues and know their electorates comes to long overdue Parliamentary reforms. very well. They are also determined to govern with Women in this past election comprised one a style that is uniquely theirs. One such example out of three candidates who ran for the major is the Ontario government’s public awareness fi ve parties—the Conservatives, Liberals, New campaign on sexual violence and harassment Democrats, Bloc, and the Green Party. This was launched early in 2015. Developed in partnership up two percentage points from 2011, but this is with leading community organizations, the largely because the Greens nominated a signifi cant campaign has resulted in a seismic shift in public number of women in Quebec in the last two weeks opinion with a majority of Ontarians now feeling of the campaign. Only for the Greens and the a responsibility to intervene if they are witness to NDP did this election represent an all-time high such behaviour. The campaign is unprecedented in of women among candidates; the Conservatives its reach and has resonated around the globe. nominated a lower rate than in the previous two Amid this backdrop, the federal leadership elections, the Bloc fi elded fewer women than they scene has remained notably static—with very few had in 2011. The Liberals managed to improve elected women serving as signifi cant powerbrokers on their 2011 performance and ran 31 per cent or leadership contenders since the turn of the women, six points less than their 2006 record of 37 century. However, on Oct. 19, Canadians opted for per cent.

66—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE ESSAY-IDEAS

It’s worth noting that the NDP’s policy than 33 per cent for the Liberals, and less were visible minorities and 40 per cent of holding nomination races only after than 20 per cent for the CPC. of these visible minority candidates were, attempts have been made to recruit under- Of course, in advocating for more in fact, women. Overall, women were represented groups, including women, women to run, Equal Voice is interested signifi cantly better represented among the has consistently produced the highest candidate pool considered visible minority number of women candidates over the than they were in the remaining candidate last four elections. They fi elded 43 per Percentage of Women pool in these 33 ridings. Among the other cent in this election, a federal record for Candidates, 2015 federal election candidates for the major three parties who any party. Nonetheless, in 53 ridings, the were not considered visible minority, only candidates for all the major fi ve parties Conservative Party 20% 21 per cent were women. Women were were men. When you narrow it down NDP 43% similarly well represented among Black to the major three (Liberals, NDP and and Caribbean candidates, making up 52 Conservatives), 98 ridings had no women. Liberal Party 31% per cent (13) of the 25 candidates; and Indigenous candidates made up more than And, not surprisingly, more than 91 per Bloc Québécois 28% cent of Canadians voted for one of the half of candidates who were women. It goes major three parties. Green Party 39% to show that in engaging more women as Equal Voice paid particularly close candidates, parties are also reaching out attention to federal seats where an From the parties above, there were no women to diverse communities in which those incumbent was not running, including the nominated in 53 ridings. When narrowed down women are making their mark as leaders, 30 new seats created before this election. to the fi rst three, 98 ridings had no women. innovators and advocates. Would these races create new opportunities for women? Unfortunately, only the in the degree to which federal female Moving beyond civility NDP came close to achieving parity when candidates are as diverse as the Canada With this new Parliament, there is good fi elding women in these ridings. For the they hope to represent. With this in mind, reason to be optimistic, on two fronts: the Conservatives and the Liberals, women’s Equal Voice researched the 33 ridings very clear signals from the Liberal Party proportion of these seats, as candidates, where minorities are, in fact, a majority. that they will plan to re-inject civility was slightly lower than that of women In these ridings, more than half of all and respect into the House of Commons being fi elded generally by these parties: less candidates for the major three parties are encouraging and Ms. Ambose’s

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—67 IDEAS-THE ESSAY

commitment to leading a constructive 2013, when new mother and NDP rules. But it didn’t go far enough. Ofﬁ cial Opposition party and Tom MP Sana Hassainia took her nursing If there is one parliamentary reform Mulcair’s efforts to leverage the talents infant into the House for a mandatory legacy that this government could leave of a smaller but powerful caucus. When vote, it elicited such a response that to future generations, it would be re- Equal Voice launched its ‘Talk Tough, Not then-Speaker Andrew Scheer had to imagining Parliament for our times. Rough’ campaign back in 2010 in a bid to subsequently clarify whether or not The House of Commons typically has turn the heat down for just one day, the infants, in any instance, were welcome at the longest number of siting days of any challenge in securing all party agreement foretold of things to come. Equal Voice Number of female MPs in the 42nd Parliament stopped hosting groups of young women for Question Period, concerned it would be turning too many off of federal politics.

Re-imagining Parliament for contemporary times But a new era of civility won’t ﬁ x what’s broken. Canada’s Parliament, and most of its rules, were created before women—any women—gained the franchise. Much of how it functions is a relic from centuries past and when the expectations for Liberals Conservatives NDP Bloc Québécois Green Party men were about prestige, ambition, and testosterone-laden breaks from the all. He obliged, stating that yes, babies legislature in Canada. In 2014, a non- homefront. were welcome—as long as there was election year federally, there were 127 days For decades, women (and increasingly no disruption which, if you’ve spent for the House of Commons and 72 for men), have bumped up against this any time around an infant, is never the Ontario legislature which already has structure—but little has been done guaranteed. It was a modest gesture from the highest number of sitting days of any about it. In a telling moment in a Speaker with little power to change the provincial legislature in Canada.

68—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 THE ESSAY-IDEAS

The disparity speaks for itself. The use of technologies that facilitate some systems for green-lighting nomination intensive amount of travel required of off-site participation? Parliamentary candidates also complicates matters. In MPs from every corner of this country, committees now regularly use Skype and a matter of days, parties can disqualify a particularly when many are already webcasting to hear from Parliamentary candidate who was gathering support for a regularly travelling within very large experts. Why not introduce a trial period nomination for months, even years. It begs ridings, is untenable. Women with where MPs could potentially participate the question of where do you start counting signifi cant care-giving responsibilities in committee meetings via Skype or some who was a nomination contender? regularly cite travel intensity as a real other technology? The likely introduction In a survey conducted by Andre barrier in standing for federal election, of a weekly Question Period focused Turcotte and released at the 2015 Manning even with a dedicated partner at home. exclusively on the Prime Minister would Conference on women’s political ambitions Men too, like NDP MP Nathan Cullen, also free up Members of Parliament in Canada, private sector female leaders, have begun to express the price they and from the government side. The impact of in particular, cited the leadership styles their families pay for a grueling schedule participating virtually could be assessed on display in the federal arena as a major that knows no bounds. on an ongoing basis to discern whether it disincentive to pursuing elected offi ce. Proposed changes by the Liberal really is an effective way for MPs to conduct Women surveyed were also doubtful of government including shorter and earlier some of the business required of them. the impact they could have in serving in sitting hours in Parliament and the offi ce. Canada’s 42nd Parliament presents elimination of Friday sittings would be Nomination oversight enormous opportunities for MPs to think two very good fi rst steps. At Queen’s Park, Samara has characterized it as a ‘Black about the long game when it comes to evening sittings were virtually eliminated Box,’ and in their book, Tragedy in the engaging Canadians, especially those who in 2008 after Ontario Progressive Commons, they recount the experiences have been chronically under-represented in Conservative MPP Lisa MacLeod of many now former MPs who called Parliament over the last 150 years. successfully rallied the McGuinty Liberals the nomination process the worst part On the cusp of Canada’s 150th to put an end to them. MacLeod, who of their foray into politics: a mysterious anniversary, putting into place measures had gotten elected with an infant in tow, and murky process often (not always) that promote a robust, dynamic and was frustrated by the late start to the day fraught with ambiguity, backroom power inclusive democracy should be the and frequent evening settings, which were plays, deception and, thankfully, acts of priority around which MPs from all sides often less productive and required MPPs to courage—an internecine war few dare rally. Why? Because women deserve, and spend long days away from their families to wage and for good reason. How do merit, an equal voice at the table. or constituents—or both. Nobody has prospective women candidates make out in It’s evident in how Canada’s three complained. It was a simple structural this terrain? We simply do not know. female premiers are charting a new change that has had a tremendously Canada does not have comprehensive course for many Canadians. Notably, the positive impact on MPPs whose plates are data on exactly how many women sought provinces where these three women hold already very full. to be candidates in the last election power also have the highest percentages of Alberta is now also following and were unable to secure the party’s elected women in their legislatures and the suit. Increasingly, it appears, elected nomination. Elections Canada has not most women in their cabinets. Amid an representatives have lives that aren’t so had the mandate to defi ne the process, or imperfect system, they are making progress. different from the constituents they seek to subject parties to any standards. Disputes Creating compelling conditions for represent and that’s a good thing. about fairness or potential bias, real or more and diverse women to run—and perceived, must be taken up with party win—at the federal level is not only entirely Virtual meetings offi cials, not Elections Canada. The costs, achievable, it is the only way forward if Is it really necessary for MPs to be which are not tax deductible, and the level we want a balanced and representative present for every committee meeting, of transparency (or lack there of) prove to Parliament that can ably lead us through the debate and vote? Wouldn’t MPs and their be a deterrent for many. 21st century. It is the legacy we owe our sons constituents benefi t from the increasing Additionally, the parties’ different and daughters—and it is long overdue. dr. ian milne orthodontist

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—69 FEATURE-PUBLIC SERVICE

had become under the Conservative ‘The new government has made a government said that, “already, in a few short months, there is a change in the number of commitments that will have way dialogue happens between the newly a direct impact on the public service’ elected Liberal government and the public service.” The source added: “There is a genuine Continued from page 23 down with union heads for a closed-door openness to listening to advice and a re- discussion. invigorated commitment to ensure broad- shoulders of one individual or party. He Ms. Benson, who was at the meeting, based consultation with experts to craft the noted that the Conservatives came into said it was a very good sign that he is best policy decisions on important issues, power in 2006 with a minority government, serious about keeping promises he made evidenced by a whole-of-government and hadn’t been in power in more than in his open letter to public servants during approach to [the Paris UN climate 10 years. “They arrived highly suspicious the election. Among other things, the letter conference] and Syria.” of the public service,” he explained, but pledged to respect the collective bargaining In order for the newfound trust he argued that the relationship improved process—especially when it comes to between the government the public service in more recent years. “It got better, but it forming sick leave policy—implementing to continue, the employee said politicians never got best,” he said. the Mental Health Commission of must continue to listen and collaborate “I don’t think this is a difference Canada’s National Standard of Canada with civil society. between Liberals and Conservatives,” for Psychological Health and Safety in the he added. “It’s difference between a Workplace, reversing the decision to end The challenges ahead government that trusts its public service to door-to-door mail delivery, re-opening But despite the rose-coloured hue that be neutral, professional, and merit-based, shuttered Veterans Affairs offi ces across the is still settled over Ottawa, observers agree and one that doesn’t trust it.” country, and repealing legislation that was that the public service may have a challenge Mr. Zussman also argued that some viewed as anti-labour or anti-public service. adjusting to the new government’s modus of the unhappiness and discomfort felt by Mr. Trudeau has already begun the operandi. federal government employees about their process of reopening nine Veterans Affairs Julie Cafl ey, vice-president of the Public work in recent years could also be chalked offi ces across the country, although there is Policy Forum, said once the excitement up to the fact that the environment they’re some criticism that they are not slated to be wears off, there will be a giant question operating in is changing, leaving them in the same locations as before. He has also mark in the minds of many public servants uncertain about their role and purpose. halted the community mailbox program in terms of what their new reality is, and The advancement of technology and and is reviewing options with Canada Post. how they navigate that reality. “How information means that those who were Ms. Benson said she is cautiously will they adapt to potentially an over- previously specialists on a topic now no optimistic, and although she believes engagement?” she questioned. The Trudeau longer have a monopoly on expertise, Mr. Trudeau’s intentions to mend government has an extremely ambitious he said. the relationship between the federal policy agenda that federal employees are government and the public service to be going to be expected to support, and over Serious signs of change genuine, PSAC “will hold their feet to the the past 10 years, public servants have Six days after he was sworn in as prime fi re,” she said. “There were a lot of promises felt like implementers of commands as minister, Mr. Trudeau made a gesture to made during this campaign, and a lot of opposed to creators and innovators of ideas signify that his commitment to the civil wooing of federal public service workers. or solutions, she pointed out. service was more than just a wooing tactic … Quite frankly, we will be watching to “I think that’s going to be a challenge during the election campaign. He became make sure there is indeed a change in the for public servants,” she said, adding they the fi rst prime minister in more than 50 tone of government.” will have to retrain themselves to think years to attend the annual Canadian labour However, the current federal employee creatively outside of the box, as opposed to congress meeting on Nov. 10, and sat who told P&I how dire the situation being given top-down instructions.

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70—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 PUBLIC SERVICE-FEATURE

Ms. Cafl ey also explained that if the capacity in place to deliver on these more Trudeau government is going to ask modern approaches to analysis, evaluation public servants to once again start taking and delivery.” risks and making recommendations, the Considering these changes, there will I don’t think government is also going to have to take almost certainly need to be some capacity- ‘‘ risks by utilizing the suggestions, and building, Mr. Jarvis said. this is a difference defending or supporting their employees “There have been concerns raised from between should the outcomes be unsuccessful. many quarters over the status of the public That, she said, is what builds genuine trust. service, including its morale coming out of Liberals and Mark Jarvis, practice lead of the past 10 years,” he said. “There seems to Conservatives. government transformation at the Mowat be evidence that suggests that the impact Centre, a public policy think tank, agreed of recent cuts has diminished capacity in It’s the difference that there might be a tough time of key areas such as policy advice, research transition after the election euphoria and regulatory enforcement.” between a wears off. Mr. Jarvis also cautioned that while it’s government “We do know that the new government benefi cial for the public service to have has made a number of commitments positive feelings towards the governing that trusts its that will have a direct impact on the party, it would be potentially harmful if public service public service, such as the establishment it infl uenced the neutrality of their work. of and rigorous reporting on new The civil servants are still the experts to be neutral, service standards for key government and are invaluable sources of insight and professional, and services, improving the use of evidence ideas. and data in program innovation, and to “It will be important for the public merit-based, and take a more open approach to government service to remember that its role is to information and data,” he said. “We will provide the best possible advice, even one that doesn’t have to watch how, exactly, these play out when that advice may not fully align with trust it.” in practice, but the public service will need the government’s preferred approach,” he to ensure that they have the skills and stressed. —David Zussman

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—71 IDEAS-MORAL DECISION-MAKING Society must recognize its responsibility to strive for social compassion, public good

n his 2006 book Three Questions, Bob Rae raises With the recent victory of the Liberal Party under JACQUES the critical three questions of Rabbi Hillel, the the leadership of Justin Trudeau, we can expect a Ifi rst century sage. Hillel asks, “If I am not for fresh and more open approach to public policy and myself, who is for me? But if I am only for myself, decision-making in Ottawa. The fi rst 100 days in SHORE what am I? And if not now, when?” offi ce have been designed to “kick start” a return Jacques J.M. Shore is a Rae makes the case that society must recognize to Canadian liberal values that defi ne Canada as a partner in the advocacy its responsibility to strive for social compassion and moral middle power to be emulated globally. Canada department in the Ottawa public good. It is obvious the book is even more once again stands poised to punch above our weight. offi ce of Gowling Lafl eur relevant today than when it was fi rst published. A Canada’s proudest moments have occurred Henderson LLP and past renewed approach to decision-making and public when those in leadership knew instinctively what national chair of the fi rm’s policy begs these questions be raised. was right and had to be pursued. We learned from government affairs practice. These “keystone” questions of Hillel provide a darker moments in history when we had not taken worthy refl ection for the new Liberal government, action, such as when we blocked thousands who armed with “power and infl uence” as it navigates sought refuge from the extermination camps of the through the stormy waters of our times. Cabinet Nazis. Canadians have since opened their hearts mandate letters are a refl ection of troubled times, yet in ways that obliged our political leaders to do the they provide practical instructions when carefully same. From being a haven for Vietnamese boat implemented and can help ensure benefi ts of people, opening diplomatic doors to China, speaking government action permeate beyond our borders. out against South African Apartheid, recognizing a One of Canada’s most elegant and magical cultural galas ...

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72—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 MORAL DECISION-MAKING-IDEAS

free and independent Ukraine, standing beside benefi ted humanity universally. Hatred replaced Israel, or most recently reaching out to Syrian by tolerance, greed replaced by generosity, and refugees, Canada has consistently demonstrated religious fanaticism and extremism replaced by a Prime principled power, acting within the tenets of spirit of freedom steeped in respect for universal “Minister the United Nations or other multi-national human values are the benchmarks that ought to organizations, or when necessary on our own. guide us. Trudeau’s Prime Minister Trudeau’s vision of Canada With this in mind, Hillel’s questions help us vision of and his government’s mission for Canadians is focus unrelentingly in the fi ght against global one of collective obligation to improve the world climate change and terrorism. Our mission to Canada around us. It is a modern attempt to recognize reduce global warming and eradicate terrorism and his that we do not live alone in the world and what will be best fought in our supporting role in we do will affect it and ourselves in turn. The conjunction with our allies. Our commitment to government’s goal is to protect those who seek to live in peace do so must be unprecedented if we are to avoid and respect each other. It is a world that should the justifi ed indictment of our grandchildren mission for not only be available to those who seek to dream, and future generations that we had done nothing Canadians but also to those who should be encouraged to to relieve our planet from decades of pollutant believe. We must not accept anything less if we abuse and wanton neglect. is one of are to achieve a new chapter in human history. If not by Canadians providing principled collective Generations ahead will recognize the infl uence and leadership in a global setting, crossroads we face today. Despite dramatic then who will take these steps to ensure a more obligation to advances in technology, if we were on the right prosperous and secure future? And if not now, improve the track, our planet would today be freer from when? By answering Hillel’s three questions the devastating environmental consequences and by evoking the reminiscent themes of a world around of greenhouse gases and other toxic pollutants “Just Society,” our new government’s leaders and us.” and poverty. Technologies, while valuable tools power brokers may indeed be guided remarkably to advance the common good, have sadly not well, Just-in time.

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—73 The 2012 Politics and the Pen event at the Chateau Laurier. P&I photograph by Steve Gerecke SHAUGHNESSY COHEN ‘WAS WHAT IS BEST ABOUT PARLIAMENT’

BY MARTHA ILBOUDO

hen former prime what is best about parliament.” Romeo Dallaire for Shake Hands with the minister Jean Chrétien Then-Reform MP Randy White Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda W spoke in the House resonated what many of her colleagues at (2003) and Anna Porter for The Ghosts of of Commons on the time were thinking:“There will never Europe: Journeys Through Central Europe’s the morning of Dec. 10, 1998, he was be another quite like her. … It is my wish Troubled Past and Uncertain Future (2010). addressing a House that, for a small that Shaughnessy’s spirit, her tenacious In addition to announcing the grand measure of time, was not divided by its commitment to her constituents and her prize, the Politics and the Pen gala raises politics, but united by its grief. keen sense of fun will remain in this place money for the Writers’ Trust of Canada, On the previous afternoon in the for a long time to come.” a charitable organization that seeks to House, Shaughnessy Cohen—a passionate, Seventeen years later, her memory advance, nurture, and celebrate Canadian vivacious and much-loved Liberal MP remains in the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize writers and writing. who represented Windsor-St. Clair, for Political Writing. For Maclean’s political editor Paul Wells, Ont.—collapsed in her seat minutes after In 2000, The Writers’ Trust of Canada who won the award in 2013 for his book the end of Question Period. Ms. Cohen established the coveted prize to honour The Longer I’m Prime Minister: Stephen was immediately rushed to Ottawa Civic the popular and spirited parliamentarian. Harper and Canada, 2006—, winning “was Hospital where she later died as a result of a Every year, $25,000 is awarded to a one of the things that made me happiest cerebral hemorrhage. Canadian author who through their body about the entire experience of writing the Cohen was a “very outspoken person” of work has captured a political subject book. The Shaughnessy Cohen prize is who also had “a great sense of humour,” of literary relevance to Canadian readers taken very seriously in Ottawa and it pays Mr. Chrétien said in his remarks. “She was and has the potential to shape or infl uence tribute to a parliamentarian who was— absolutely not shy to tell me as it was, as thinking on contemporary Canadian is—fondly remembered by everyone who she saw it,” he said. “It is amazing the deep political life, explains Writers’ Trust of knew her and it meant that my book, which sorrow I felt last night when I learned of Canada executive director Mary Osborne. I had conceived as a book about political her passing and when I saw my colleagues A jury shortlists between three and fi ve Ottawa was one that political Ottawa took crying. A sister had left us.” titles and winners are announced at the seriously.” Mr. Chrétien said Cohen was a Politics and the Pen award gala in Ottawa. Held annually at the Fairmont Chateau “dynamo” who pushed hard to make a All fi nalists receive a $2,500 prize. Past Laurier and organized by a volunteer difference in her community. “What people winners of the award include Jane Jacobs committee, The Politics and the Pen gala is do not understand is that we might have for Dark Age Ahead (2004), James Orbinski a unique and enjoyable evening that brings our political differences but we all want to for An Imperfect Offering: Humanitarian together members from all political parties, do the best to make sure we have a better Action in the 21st Century (2008), John corporate Canada, the media and the like. society. Shaughnessy was like that. She got Duffy for Fights of Our Lives: Elections, Entering its 16th year, the Shaughnessy things moving,” he said. “Shaughnessy was Leaders and the Making of Canada (2002), Cohen Prize for Political Writing has played 74—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 POLITICS & THE PEN-CULTURE a signifi cant role in helping to further helped explain the Reform Party and also discussions surrounding notable issues that helped to explain what wasn’t working matter to Canadians today. about the Reform Party which became “Really [it’s] a kind of combination a powerful incentive for Canadian of issues of the day, issues in our history conservatives to change their game,” Mr. and biographies capturing political life, Wells says. “I could list many examples. where you can look at a biography and There’s a tendency in Canadian politics to not necessarily see a direct link impacting make the briefest most simplistic argument what’s happening today except that in a speech or a debate in the House of everybody knows that reading about Commons and its authors who are the history can help inform decisions that most effective remedy for that tendency.” come later,” says Ms. Osborne, noting for Awards such as the Shaughnessy Cohen example that nominated books such as Prize for Political Writing are not, Mr. Wells John Ralston Saul’s The Comeback: How says, intended to push forward any specifi c Aboriginals Are Reclaiming Power and changes to individual policies, but are Maclean’s political editor Paul Wells won Infl uence, and Naomi Klein’s This Changes there to encourage the public to think on the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Everything: Capitalism verses the Climate a deeper and more meaningful level about Writing in 2013 for his book The Longer I’m are playing a role in the public policy issues that are affecting our country today. Prime Minister: Stephen Harper and Canada, discussions of the day. The 2015 award fi nalists will be 2006—. P&I photograph by Jake Wright Books have always played a signifi cant announced on March 2 and the winner role in helping broaden and shape minds. will be announced on April 20. As country. These are engaged people who Often times, “something missing in Politics and the Pen enters another year, love to read and love to have a good time Canadian politics has been encapsulated Cohen’s presence and infl uence is still felt and that’s exactly who Shaughnessy was. in a book, important books,” Mr. Wells says. throughout, says organizing committee Shaughnessy Cohen was just this fantastic “Pierre Trudeau launched his career member and previous co-chair Elizabeth MP, a fantastic woman,” says Ms. Gray- with Federalism and the French Canadians. Gray-Smith. Smith. “Every year I think that she’s in the In a very different way, Tom Flanagan’s “Here we have authors and politicians room because it’s her crowd. It is exactly book Waiting for the Wave in 1994-95 and people fl ying in from all across the her type of crowd.”

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—75 COMMONS UNCORKED-CANADIAN GRAPES Canadian terroir is more than just icewine anada is set to reemerge on the world chardonnay, gamay noir, pinot noir and cabernet stage. In a message to our allies, Prime franc. Minister Justin Trudeau said, “We’re back,” setting high hopes for the future. British Columbia CIn diplomacy, wooing back the world will include B.C. follows Ontario in terms of wine courting palates with Canadian-made food and production, and the province’s wine industry drink. But in order to be sound ambassadors has grown into an economic powerhouse, with we must fi rst have basic knowledge of our own contributions up to $2-billion to B.C.’s economy. product in order to market and sell it beyond our The province has fi ve main viticultural areas and borders. more than 270 wineries. ASHA We’ve all been there: standing in the Canadian What to know: B.C. viticultural areas include HINGORANI wine aisle of your local wine store wanting to buy Vancouver Island, Gulf Islands, Fraser Valley, Canadian product but not knowing what to bet Similkameen Valley, and the famed Okanagan Asha Hingorani is the editor your dollar on. Baco noir, pinot blanc, gamay, Valley. Varietals that fl ourish in B.C. are pinot gris, of Parliament Now, which riesling, chardonnay, cabernet franc—what does it chardonnay, merlot and pinot noir. closely covers the business mean? of the House and Senate. People tell me they want to support Canadian Nova Scotia She’s working on completing wine, and as a sommelier I’m regularly asked if it is The province has a rich tradition of growing her sommelier credentials at any good. Well, friends, let me be clear: Canadian grapes, dating back to the 1600s. With the Algonquin College. She hopes wine is fi rst-class and depending on what your taste moderating effects of the Atlantic, Nova Scotia to use her writing and wine training to expose Canada’s preference, our Canadian terroir has something to has vineyards unlike any others in the world. great wine treasures. offer even the most amature palate. The province’s unique soils have grown grapes This column will be a very brief look at produced into exceptional sparkling wines to fi t the Canada’s wine country, what varieties do local seaside fare. exceptionally well and hopefully educate you on What to know: Nova Scotia vinicultural areas sound wine choices. include the Annapolis Valley, Malagash Peninsula, If you want any power or infl uence in your LaHave River Valley, the Bear River and Marble wine selection it’s necessary to know that Canada Mountain. The best expressed varietals are unique makes more than icewine—much more. In fact, to the province: vidal, l’Acadie blanc, New York I would argue our sparkling wines produced in muscat, baco noir, marechal foch and pinot noir. Nova Scotia and Ontario are top-notch, producing those tiny bubbles sought after by even the loyal of Quebec Champagne drinkers. Quebec’s cold temperatures can sometimes In brief, Canada is termed as a cool-climate pose a threat to viniculturalist, but it has never wine region. The temperature in which the grapes stopped the province from thriving as a real are grown are similar to the likes of Northern player in Canada wine community. Known for its France, Hungary, Germany, New Zealand, and production of icewine, Quebec has more than 237 Northern Italy, among others. hectares of vine, and some very exclusive varietals. Our wine is primarily produced in four What to know: The province has fi ve main provinces—British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec growing areas which include the Eastern and Nova Scotia—each with their own unique Townships, Montérégie, Ouest-du-Québec, Est-du- terroir and designated viticultural areas. Québec and Centre-du-Québec. Varietals such as frontenac, seyval, vidal, marechal foch and St. Croix Ontario do superior in the province’s growing conditions. The province’s wine country is situated between So it’s a new year. We have 338 Members of 41° and 44° North, the same latitude shared by Parliament who will undoubtedly be meeting with Burgundy, France. Ontario has come a long way various ambassadors and traveling the globe with since the 1970s during the height of Baby Duck, a parliamentary friendship groups. sweet, fuzzy, Ontario-made wine. (I wasn’t around Gifting a bottle of Canadian wine means during this era, thank goodness). Ontario now has usually a bottle of icewine. Yes, we do icewine more than 140 wineries and is expanding. well—really well—but why not take the What to know: Ontario has three designated opportunity to introduce a few core varietals like viticultural areas: Niagara Peninsula, Prince an Ontario cabernet franc or a B.C. chardonnay? Edward County and Lake Erie North Shore. For These small strides could infl uence global palates their best expressions try varietals like riesling, in a powerful way.

76—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 HOUSE SPEAKER-SPOTLIGHT

whether it be MPs staff or House of ‘Geoff is one of the types of people Commons staff, as well as the people who visit Parliament. that could have a laugh, could take “We see that there have been changes and that there is more security. We a tease and give a tease’ also want this place to be open, and it’s wonderful that we see people doing yoga Continued from page 63 the place was I’m sure full of testosterone. on Wednesdays in good weather, for It was probably a bit like a hockey dressing example, on the front lawn or playing “First and foremost is what I was just room where there’s banter back and forth Frisbee or whatever. saying about Members of Parliament and it seemed appropriate then maybe, to “But the openness that makes us having a real say. have this kind of banter during Question vulnerable is the freedom that makes us “You don’t, generally speaking, see Coke Period when someone is speaking. strong, and therefore we want to maintain and Pepsi saying ‘Don’t drink the other “I don’t think that’s appropriate today our openness as much as possible, because pop’ because they know it would hurt them and it’s particularly women MPs who have it is the people’s building.” too and that’s a different approach taken expressed to me their distaste for this and in politics, and an approach sometimes the way they feel it’s a form of intimidation You will be representing the that damages the public impression of all and bullying, and I think they’re right.” Canadian Parliament to all of politicians. Canada, and beyond. What is the “It’s never going to be perfect. There’s Other than having to learn message you will be sharing when always going to be people reacting a bit everyone’s names and ridings, meeting with people outside of the here and there. For instance, we’re going to what do you see being the biggest Hill about Canadian politics? hear people say something in Parliament challenge for you in this job? “What comes to my mind is about the and someone else will groan, some will “Obviously a big challenge in the last role that Canada plays in the world, and I sigh, but that’s human nature. But, let’s year or so has been to deal with security think it’s about democracy. I think people remember that this is not the boys’ club and I take very seriously my responsibility internationally have a very strong respect that it probably was 60 years ago, back for the security of Members of Parliament, for our democratic traditions in Canada when there were almost no women and for the staff who work here on the Hill, and I think we want to build on that.”

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Power & Influence, Winter 2016—77 PLACES-OLA COCINA AN OFF-THE-HILL HIT

BY RACHEL AIELLO

n Ottawa there are a lot of best kept secrets and Ola Cocina considers itself among them. But like most I secrets in this town, word’s getting around the Hill that the funky little authentic Mexican restaurant has become a neighbourhood staple for the many politicos and diplomats that live nearby when they’re off the Hill and looking for good company and great food. Owner and chef Donna Chevrier’s Barrette Street restaurant, just off Beechwood in the east Ottawa neighbourhood of Vanier, features an evolving menu of authentic Mexican fare that includes 16 different kinds of tacos, a sinfully delicious churro ice cream sandwich, takeout paella, homemade hot sauces and hearty brunch plates. “It’s a bit like Cheers,” says National Post columnist John Ivison, a regular customer. “It’s so intimate that everyone gets drawn into the banter between Donna and the customers. Most of all though, it’s the food. Nothing beats the Hungry Senor at a late brunch. Or the fi sh tacos. Or the huevos rancheros,” Mr. Ivison tells Power & Infl uence. The spot has been open for a little more than two years, six days a week. In the summer there’s a patio, and already Ms. Chevrier’s considering what an expansion could look like, with redevelopment beginning in the area. The walls are adorned with framed photographs of her customers, including many notable restaurateurs, and local celebrities, but also some big names in political Ottawa. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau had a meal there in December and had been in at least twice prior to the election with his family or to pick up dinner in rubber boots and a red and black lumberjack coat, as Ms. Chevrier describes it; Liberal MP Mauril Bélanger, who represents the riding Ola Cocina is in, and his wife Catherine also have their picture on the wall; and U.S. Ambassador to Canada Bruce Heyman and his wife Vicky have also become regulars after Ms. Chevrier, in short, loudmouthed (her words) the ambassador on his fi rst visit, not knowing who he was. Go in and ask her to tell the story. Their relations have become more diplomatic since— he’s got his ‘seat’ in the restaurant, and Ms. Chevrier even scored an invite to last year’s Fourth of July party at the Donna Chevrier, born and raised in Ottawa, embassy. is the owner and chef “To me it doesn’t make a difference who you are,” Ms. of Mexican restaurant Chevrier tells P&I. For her, it’s about the food and setting a Ola Cocina. ‘It’s a good vibe for anyone who walks in the door. bit like Cheers,’ says Ms. Chevrier was born and raised in Ottawa, and Ola regular goer John Cocina is the 10th restaurant she’s worked on opening Ivison. P&I photograph from scratch in her 32 years on the scene. In a roundabout by Jake Wright way the clientele at her place now is returning her to the political world. Into the early 1990s, Ms. Chevrier served

78—Power & Influence, Winter 2016 MILITARY JUSTICE-IDEAS

at Yesterday’s on Sparks Street just outside National Defence Act of the Parliamentary needs to be modernized Precinct. Later, she Finding worked at the now- ‘‘ Continued from page 15 defunct National Press it is like Club, where she served that CF members who volunteer to put their lives on the line to former CTV reporter getting a defend our security and values must give up their basic rights and now Senator Mike which seem so essential to those not in uniform. Duffy, and remembers scoop, or The week following the conference, the Supreme Court when the crowd at the rendered its decision in Moriarity v. The Queen in which it bar was fi ve-people winning an declared constitutional section 130 of the National Defence deep. Act,a provision which transforms criminal offences as ‘service But as Maclean’s election. It offences’ becoming part of a mix of offences of a strictly political editor disciplinary nature. The decision also struck down the doctrine Paul Wells puts it, just feels of “military nexus” which requires a connection, albeit a loose stepping into Ola one, between the nature of the offence and the accused’s military Cocina “couldn’t be service. Far from being an impediment to legislative reform, this further emotionally, special.” decision makes it now imperative that a full-scale independent psychologically” from systemic review of the Canadian military justice system be high-end places like —Evan Solomon undertaken to ensure that it corresponds to strict functional Hy’s Steakhouse or necessity. That is without encroaching, as it currently does, on “buzz places” like Brixtons where the Hill crowd usually hang the right of soldiers and on the jurisdiction that can and should their hats post-Question Period. “That’s most of the charm of the belong to ordinary civilian courts. In the fi nal analysis it should place,” he says. bring the military justice system more in line with contemporary Mr. Wells tells P&I it’s a place he is able to leave his ‘Hill Canadian legal doctrine and principles and prevent it from falling persona’ aside and goes in with his family for a meal that always further behind global trends. feels like an occasion. “She really cares about her clients, you can just tell,” says CONCLUSION Jacquie LaRocque, Compass Rose Group principal and an Ola Attempts to modernize the National Defence Act to bring Cocina breakfast regular. it more in line with global trends or our own civilian penal Like much of Ms. Chevrier’s Hill clientele, Ms. LaRocque lives system have been serially resisted by our own military. Several nearby and heard about it through a friend in the area. She said reforms made as a result of pressures were initiated from outside, Ms. Chevrier really understands the bubble those in political including the judiciary but not within DND. At present, the Ottawa operate in, but she also likes being able to support what Canadian penal military justice system mitigates the right to she described as a candid, hard working woman. equality before and under the law as well as the right to equal For SiriusXM’s Everything is Political host Evan Solomon, protection and benefi t of the law guaranteed by section 15 of the Ola Cocina is the best of Ottawa’s food scene. It has “superb Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The conference has food, great personality and an intimacy you can’t fi nd very many confi rmed the urgent need for the 42nd Parliament to embark places. It’s like being at the best kitchen party in town. Its location upon a review which will lead to its revaluation and rejuvenation is both totally convenient but somehow out of the way, so there is to ensure its harmony with the ordinary law of Canada. Such sense of discovery every time you go there,” he says. reform would have implications not only for those in the military, “Maybe this is why it attracts political types. Finding it is like but also for the rightful place of the Canadian Forces within getting a scoop, or winning an election. It just feels special.” Canadian society.

Power & Influence, Winter 2016—79 PEOPLE-THE BACK PAGE 20 QUESTIONS MICHELLE REMPEL

Michelle Rempel is a sommelier, the former minister of state for Western Economic Diversification Canada, and, by all accounts, a star among Conservatives. The 35-year-old Calgary-Nose Hill, Alta., MP is the future of her party. First elected to Parliament in 2011, she put her name forward with Conservative MP Denis Lebel to be joint interim leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada following the election defeat, saying, “In the short term as we head back into Parliament and deal with the reality of rebuilding our war chest and political organization, we need to have sound processes and support mechanisms that are fully transparent, built and managed by caucus, and are nimble and responsive. … We would bring depth in talent in political management, vigor in communication, and represent gender and language balance to this role.” The gig went to veteran Conservative Rona Ambrose, but maybe that’s a good thing for the smart, ambitious and authentic Ms. Rempel who can now run for the permanent job if so inclined. Here she talks about her love for Alberta, being Primary Servant to Cat #1 and Cat #2, Star Trek, and of course, wine.

hat is your idea of perfect the lowest depth of misery? I have experienced loss, but happiness? Cooking and I can’t in good conscience say that I’ve experienced enjoying a meal, laughter, and the lowest depths of misery. I count myself blessed conversation with family and friends. to live in Canada and feel we all have a duty to What is your greatest fear? I don’t do be compassionate and help those who are well with heights. Which living person less fortunate than we are. What is your do you most admire? My grandmother. favourite occupation? Primary Servant What is your current state of mind? to Cat #1 and Cat #2. What is your most I’m presently trying to stop my cat marked characteristic? Authenticity. from lying on the keyboard as I type What do you most value in your this. Which words or phrases do you friends? Discretion. Who are your most overuse? I’m cognizant of the favourite writers? Unorthodox fact I use the word cognizant a lot. answer—my parliamentary staff Which talent would you most like (shoutout Sean, Bari, Will and Joe), to have? A deep understanding of and the many unsung heros at theoretical physics. If you could the Library of Parliament. Who change one thing about yourself, is your hero of fi ction? Captain what would it be? I’d set aside Janeway. Commence Trekkie-based more of my time for my family and argument. Who are your heroes friends. What do you consider your in real life? My great-grandmother greatest achievement? Working with and grandmother. Which historical the talented team of public servants fi gure do you most identify with? at Western Economic Diversifi cation Gah—trick question, editors to refresh and focus the department of Power & Infl uence! I think to grow the Western Canadian we all admire the traits and economy. Where would you most like accomplishments of many, and to live? I love my home in Alberta— take learnings from the faults of every day I get to spend here is a gift. What the same. What are your favourite is your most treasured possession? I’d names? Painted Rock and Norman say my cats, but we all know that they Hardie. What is your motto? in fact own me. What do you regard as P&I Illustration by Anthony Jenkins Fortis Et Liber.

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