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Floristic Kingdomskingdoms ١ InIn thethe namename ofof GodGod FloristicFloristic kingdomskingdoms AliAli AsgharAsghar Naghipour Naghipour Supervisor:Supervisor: DrDr M.R.M.R. VahabiVahabi Company FallLOGO 2010 Introduction اﺮﻐﺟﻴيﺎﻓ ﻴﺎﮔﻲﻫ ( Phytogeography ) ﺷﺎﺧﻪ يا از ﻋﻠﻢ اﺮﻐ ﺟﻴﺎﻓي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ( Biogeography ) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻨﺶﻛا ﺮﭘ ﻴاﻓﺮﻐ ﺟﻲﻳﺎ ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪ ي ﻫﺎ ﻴ ﻲاﻣﺮزﭘﺎد . ﮔﻲﻫد Phytochorion در ﻴاﺎﻓﺮﻐ ﺟي ﻴﺎﮔﻲﻫ ﺑﻪ ﻚﻳ ﻘﻪﻄﻨﻣ ﻐ ﺟﻴاﻓﺮﺎﻲﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻚﻳ ﺗﺮﻛ ﻴﺎ ﮔﻲﻫﻫ يﻳﺘﺎﻮﻴ ﺐﻔ ﺎًﻧﺒﻧﮔ ﻪﻜﺘﺴ ﻪاﮔا زﺧ ﻨﺖﻮ .ﻲﻣﺷﻮد ﻓﻴﺘﻮﻛﻮرﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠ ﺎور ﺮﻣز ﻲﺼﺨﻣﺸ ﺪ، ارﺪﻧﻧﻲﻟ و يﺮﻣز ﺑﻪﻮترﺻ ﻘﺘﺎا ﻧﻟﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ در آﻧﺠﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ . ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ، ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ( Vegetation tension zone ) ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ از ﻃﻘﻪﺒﻨ ﺑيﺪﻨﺎﻣ ﻃﻖﻐ ﺟاﻓﺮﻴيﺎﻴﺎﮔﻲﻫ ااع ﺪﺑ . ﺪﺷهاﺳ ﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺮﺘ ﻢﺘﻴ ﺴﺳ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮتر ﺳﻠ ﺴﻠﻪ ﻲﺒاﺮﺗﻣ ﺳﻣﺎزﺎن ﻳﺘﻪﺎ ﻓ ا ﺪﻧ ( ﺪاﺣﻫوﺎ ي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ واﺪﺣ ﻫيﺎ ﻴاﻓﺮﻐ ﺟﺎﻲﻳ ﺮﺘﻜﻛﻮﭼ ﻢﻴﺴﻘ ﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺷﻮﺪﻧ و ﺑﻪ ﻴﻤ ﻫ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ). ٣ Floristic kingdoms Ronald good ، ﺷﺶﻴﻣ ﺮﺳزﻦﻲﻜﻴ ﻓﺘﻳﻠﻮﺴر( Kingdom ) ارﻨﺎﺷﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﺮﻛد . اﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ وا ﺪﺣﻫيﺎﻲﻌﻴﺒ ﻃ ﺪدﻧ ﺑﻮﻛﻪ او ي اﺮﺑ ﻴﺎﮔﻫ ﺎنﮔ اﺪﻠرﻴﻦﻴﻌ ﺗﻛﺮد . Good ، ﺷﺶ ﺳﺮزﻴﻦﻣ ﻴﺗﻦﻴﻌ ﺪﺷها ر ﺑﻪ ﺪاﺣﻫيو ﺎيﺮﺘﻜﻛﻮﭼ ﺑﻪ ﻧمﺎ ﻴﻧ ﻪﺎﺣ ( Region ) ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 37 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﻲﻜﺳﻴﺘﺮﻌﻲﻓﻣ ﺮﻛدﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮاﻲﺣ ﻪ ﺑ ﻤﻴﻘ تﺎﺗﺴ يﺮﺘﻜﻛﻮﭼ ﺑﻪ م ﻧﺎ ﻟﺖﻳﺎا ﻫيﺎ ﻜﻴﻓﺘﻠﻮرﻲﺳ ( Province ) ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ٤ Phytochorion Classification اﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ددﺟر ﺑﻮيﻫﻫ ﻮﻣﺎﻮﻲـ ـــ ﻣﻳﻚﺮ ﻣـ ـﻲ .ﺷﺪـﺎﺑ ﺳـﺮﻴزﻣﻦ ﻴﻫﺎﮔﻲيﻫـﺎ ـ ( Kingdom ) ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده يﺎﻫﻮﻣﻪﺘﻲﺧﺑهﺎ ﻨﺪﺷﺷ ﺪﻧ ا،ﺣﻲﻮاﻧ ﻚ ﺳﻴﻮﺘـ (ﻠرﻓRegion ) ﺑﺎ ـ ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎ يد ازﻨﺟﺲ يﺎﻫ ﻮﻣﻲﺑ و ﺎﻳﻟﺖ ايﺎﻫ (ﻚﻴﺘﻳﺴﻮ ﻠرﻓ Province ) ﺑﺮﺳﺎسـ اﻧﻮﻪـﮔ يﻫ ﺎـﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . اﻳﺎﻟﺖ Province زﻳﺮﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ Subregion ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ Region زﻳﺮﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ Subkingdom ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ Kingdom 5 ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎيﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎيﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﻬﺎنﺟﻬﺎن HolarcticHolarctic kingdom kingdom 1 ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺎرهﺣﺎره ﻗﺪﻳﻢﻗﺪﻳﻢ PaleotropicalPaleotropical kingdom kingdom 2 Floristic ﺟﺟ ﺪﻳهرﺎﺣﺪﻳهرﺎﺣ ﺪﻴﻦﺳزﺮﻣ ﺪﻴﻦﺳزﺮﻣ kingdoms 3 NeotropicalNeotropical kingdom kingdom پپ ﺎﻛﺎﻛ ﺳزﺳز ﺮﻣﺮﻣ ﻴﻴ ﻦﻦ CapeCape kingdomkingdom 4 ﺘﻟﺎﻴﺮﺳاﺘﻟﺎﻴﺮﺳا اﺳزﺮﻣﻴﻦاﺳزﺮﻣﻴﻦAustralianAustralian kingdomkingdom 5 ﺳﺮ ﻄﻗﺟﻨ ﻮ ﺐروب ﺎﺠز ﻣﻣﻴ ﻦAntarctic kingdom 6 6 Floristic kingdoms ٧ Takhtajan's floristic provinces ﻦﻣآر ﺎﺧﺎﺗﺘﺎﺟن( Armen Takhtajan)، ﻣﻘ سﺎﻴ ﻃﻪﺒﻘ ﺑيﻨﺪ ﻓﻪﺘﭘﺮﻴﺸ يﺮﺗ ﺑﺮ اسﺎﺳ ﺎﻛر Good ﺋاار ﻪاد .د او 35 ﺎﺣﻪﻧﻴﻮ ﻠﻓﺳﺘرﻴﻜﻲا ر ﺷﻨ ﺎﺎﻳﺳﻲﺮدﻛ ﻪﻛﺮﻫ م اﻛﺪ ازاآ ﺎﻧﻪ ﻬ ﺑﺎﻟﻫﺖﻮ ﻳي (ﻠﺎﻓﺳﺘرﻴﻜﻲ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 152 ا )ﺎﻳﻟﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ٨ Holarctic Kingdom ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﻬﺎ ن ﻳﺎ ﻴﻣ ﺮﺳزﻦﻴﮔ ﺎﻲﻫ ﻣ ﺠﺎور ﻄﺐﻗﻤﺷلﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ م Holarctis Kingdom ( و ﻳﺎ Boreal Kingdom) ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺮﺒﻘﺗﺎًﻳ ﻧﻲﻤﻴ از ﻴﻦﻣ ﺮﺳز ﻫيﺎ ﻴﺎﮔﻲﻫ ﺟﻬﺎن را ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻣﺎﻞﺑﺨ ﺶ ﻟﻪﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﺗﺎ ﺮﺳد ﻜيﻳﺎﺮﻣآ ﻲﻟﻤﺷﺎ واﻴاوﺎﺳر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻓﻠﻮر آن از دوران ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ Laurasia ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ. ٩ Holarctic Kingdom ١٠ Holarctic Kingdom ١١ Holarctic Kingdom اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻋﻈﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ دارد، ﻓﻠﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و در ﺣﺪود 60 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن آوﻧﺪي، ﺧﺎص اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از : Magnoliaceae Lauraceae Ranunculaceae Berberidaceae Caryophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Polygonaceae Fagaceae Cupressaceae Pinaceae ١٢ Holarctic Kingdom 11 Boreal 22 Tethyan 33 Madrean Circumboreal Macaronesian Eastern Asiatic Madrean Region Mditerranean North American Atlantic Saharo-Arabian Rocky Mountain Irano-Turanian ١٣ Holarctic Kingdom -1 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ Circumboreal ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﻬﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻛﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا، آﻻﺳﻜﺎ، اروﭘﺎ، ﻗﻔﻘﺎز و روﺳﻴﻪ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. Soldenella Lunaria Pulumonari Erinus a ١٤ Holarctic Kingdom ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ Circumboreal ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 15 اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ : ١٥ Holarctic Kingdom -2 ﻴي آﺎﻴﻧﺳ ﻪﺎﺣ ﺮﺷ ﻲﻗ Eastern Asiatic Region ﻏﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻮ رﻴﻦﻣ ﺮﺳز ﻫيﺎ ﺷﻲﻟﻤﺎا راا ردﻲﻣ ﺑﺎﺪﺷ و ﺑﻪ ﻧمﺎي ﻫﺎ Sin-Japanese Region و Temperate Eastern Region ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺮوف اﺳﺖ . ﻳﻦا ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ رﻴﻪو،ﺳ،ﺮﻛ ها ﭘژﻦ، اﻳﻮﺗن،ﺎ قﺮﺷ ﻴﻦ، ﭼﭙ ﻧﺎل، ﻤﺷلﺎ ﻣﻪﺮﺑو ﻤﻳﺷﻨ لﺎ مﮔﺎدو ﻲﺘﻣ ر . ﺮﺮﻴﺑد ﻳ ﻦاﻴاﻧ ﻪدﺎﺣ يار600 ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. Pseudolarix amabilis Microbiota decussata ١٦ Keteleeria evelyniana Cephalotaxus harringtonia Holarctic Kingdom ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي Takhtajan ، ﻧﻪﺣﻴ ﺎآﺳﻴﺎي ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻪﺑ 13 ﺖﺎﻟﻳاﺗﺴ ﺗﻴﻨﺎﺪاﻣﺷﻢﻋ ﺒﻘﻮﻲر ز ، :ﻪدﻛ ١٧ Holarctic Kingdom -3 ﻜ يﻳﺎﺮﻣآ ﺘﻤآ ﻼﻚﻴﺷﻧ ﻪﺗﻧﻴﺎﺣ ﻲﻟﺎNorth American Atlantic Region اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ از اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه و ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 2 ادهﺎﻧﻮ ﺧ ﻲ ﻣﺑﻮ ﻨﺤﻣ ﺮﺼ ﺑﻪ ﺮﻓد ( , Hydrastidaceae ( Leitneriaceae و ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪود 100 ﻣدﺪﻨ ،ﺎﻧﻣﻮ ﺸﻨ ﺨﻲﻣﺷ ﺲﺟ ﻲﺺﻣ :،ﺑﻮ Saguinaria Dionaea ١٨ Holarctic Kingdom ﻜ يﻳ ﻚﺎﻴﺮﻣآﻟﺘﻤآﻼﻴﺷﻧ ﻪﺗﺎﻧﺎﺣﻲﺷﺎﻣﻞ 3 ﻳ ﻲﻣا ﺑﻲﻜ ﻴﻟ :ﺖﻓﺘﻳﺎﻠﻮﺴرﺎﺪﺷ 1. Appalachian Province 2. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Province 3. North American Prairies Province ١٩ Holarctic Kingdom -4 ﺎﻧﻴﺣ هﻛ ﻮرﻪ ﺘﺷر ﻛﻪﻲا Rocky Mountain Floristic Region اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻮهاد ﻛ ﺷﻪ ﺘرﻛﻣﻲا ﺘد اﺪررﻨ ﻜﻲي ﻌﻳﺎﻳﺮﻏبﺷ ﺮﻣﺎﻟآﻤﻲ( ﺎﻛاﺎدﻧ وﺎﻻاتﻳ ﻣﺘ ) ﺤﺪهارﺮﻗ دارد . ﻣﻲيﻮآ ﺟ اﺑﺎﻨﻋﺎنيﺗﻫ ﺲزﺒ راا ﻨدﻌﺪﺗزﺪ: Sidalcea Lithophragma Luetkea ﻦﺎﺣ اﻧﻳﻪﻣ ﻴﻞﺎ 2 ﺷ ﺎﻟﻮﺖا ﻳﻠﻓ ﺳﻲﻪﺘار ﺑﻴﺳرﺖﺮﻜﻗ :ازﺮﻳ Vancouver Province, Rocky Mountain Province ٢٠ Holarctic Kingdom -5 وﻳرﺎﻛﺎﻴﺘﻧﻧﻜﺴﻲﻴﺎﺣ ﻣ ﻠﻪﻓرﻮ ﻳﺰﻦ Macaronesian Floristic Region ﻳﻦا ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻤ ﻮﺠﻋﻪ ايﺰ ﺟﺮﻳ در اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس اﻃﻠﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ، ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ اروﭘﺎ و ﻘﻳآﺮﻓيﺎ ﻟﻤﺷﺎﻲ اﺳ ﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻌ ﺘﻣﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳ ﻪ ﻛﺸﻮر ﭘﺮﺗﻐﺎل، اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ و ﻛﺎپ ورد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻳﻦا ﻧﺎﻴﻪﺣ از 4 ﻟﺖﻳﺎا ﻓﻠﻮرﺘﻲﻜﺳﻴ ﻴﺗ ﻞﻜﺸ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ: 1)Azores Province 2)Maderia Province 3)Canaries Province 4)Cape Verde Province ٢١ Holarctic Kingdom ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻛﺎروﻧﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از : Clethra Ocote Dracaena a ٢٢ Holarctic Kingdom -6 ﺎﻧﻴﺣ اﻪﺮﺘﻣﻳﺪ ﻧﻪيا Mediterranean Region ﻳﻦا ﻴﻧﻪﺎﺣ ﺷﻣﺎﻞ ﻴﻦﻣ ز ﻫيﺎ ا ﺮﻃافﻳ ي دﺎر اﺮﺪﻧﻣﺘﻪﻳاﺳ .ﺖ در ﻴياﺎﻓﺮﻐ ﺟ ﻲﺘﻳ،ﺴز ﻴﻧﺎﺣﻪ اﺮﺪﻧﻣﺘﻪﻳ يا ﺑﻪ ﻴﻦﻣ ز ﻫيﺎ ا ﺮﻃاف ﻳ ي دﺎر اﺮﺪﻧﻣﺘﻪﻳﻛﻪ ا رديابآ ويا ﻫﻮاﺮﺪﻧﻣﺘﻪ ﻳ اي ( زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎراﻧﻲ و ﻣﻼﻳﻢ و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ و داغ ) ﺘﻪﻔﺑﺪﮔﻨ ،ﺎ ﺷ .ﻲﻣﺷﻮد ٢٣ Holarctic Kingdom ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از : 1. Tetraclinis 2. Rupicapnos 3. Ceratocapnos 4. Soleirolia 5. Ortegia 6. Bolanthus 7. Lycocarpus 8. Ionopsidium Soleirolia Tetraclini 9. Bivonaea s 10. Euzomodendron 1. SouthSouthern Morocco 11. Hutera 2. western Mediterranean 12. Vella 3. South Mediterranean 4. Iberia 13. Boleum 5. Baleares 14. Didesmus 6. Liguria-Tyrrhenia 7. Adriatic 15. Morisia 8. East Mediterranean ٢٤ Guiraoa 9. Crimea-Novorossijsk .16 Holarctic Kingdom -7 ﺎﺻﻧرﺎﻴﺤﺣ ﻪ ا- ﺮﺑﻋﻲ Saharo-Arabian Region ﺮﺘﻴﺸﺑ ﻓﻠﻮر آ ن ﺑﺎ ﻴﻧﻪﺎﺣ اﺮﻳا ن– ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ و اﺮﺪﻧﻣﺘﻪﻳ يا ﻣ ﺸكﺮﺘ اﺳ . ﺖﺑﺎ ا ﻳﻦ ، وﺟﻮد ﺪﺣودﻚﻳ ﭼﻬﺎمر ﻓﻠﻮرآ ن ﻲﻣﺑﻮﻳا ﻦ ﻴﻧﺎﺣﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Acanthospermum Asteraceae Brassicaceae Chenopodiaceae ﻳﻦا ﻴﻧﻪﺎﺣاز 2 ﻟﺖﻳﺎا ﻓﻳﻠﻮﺴرﻴﺘﻲﻜ ﻞ ﻴﺗﻜﺸ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ: Barbarea ﺮﺼﻣوﻟ ﺖﻳﺎا ﺮﻋﺘﺑﺎﺴ نEgypt-Arabia ﻟﺖﻳﺻﺎ ااﺮﺤ Sahara Chenopodium ٢٥ Holarctic Kingdom -8 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ اﻳﺮان - ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ Irano-Turanian Region 1. Mesopotamia 2. Central Anatolia 3. Armenia-Iran 4. Hyrcania 5. Turania or Aralo-Caspia 6. Turkestan 7. Northern Baluchistan 8. Western Himalaya 9. Central Tien Shan 10.Dzungaria-Tien Shan 11.Mongolia 12.Tibet ٢٦ Holarctic Kingdom -8 ﺎﻧﻴﺣ ﻪاﺮﻳا ن- ﻧﺗﻲارﻮ Irano-Turanian Region Holarctic Kingdom ٢٨ Holarctic Kingdom اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻦ ( Mesopotamia ) ٢٩ Holarctic Kingdom اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ ( آرال – ﺧﺰري ) Aralo - Caspian ٣٠ Holarctic Kingdom اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ ( Hyrcanian Province ) ٣١ Holarctic Kingdom ﻛﺮﻟﻴﻫﺎﻳاﺖﻧﺎ ﻲ ٣٢ Holarctic Kingdom -9 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺎدرﻳﻦ Madrean Region درﻜﻳﺎﺮﻣآي ﻤﺷﻲﻟﺎا رﺮﻗا ردد و ﻲاﺣﻧﻮ ﺧﻚﺸ و ﻤﻪﻴﻧ ﺧﻚﺸ ﻨ ﺟبﻮ ﺮﻏﻲﺑ ﻳﻻﺎاتﺘﺪﺤﻣه و ﻤﺷلﺎ Adenostom ﺮﻏﻲﺑﻳﺰﻜﻚﻣ ا ر ﺷﻣﺎﻞ ﻣ ﻲ .ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ اﻗﺪ ﺣﻞ a 3 ﻨﺘد ﻪ هﺎﺷﺧ :ﻲﻣاﺷﻧﻮﻮدﺧﺎ Fouquieriaceae Bergerocactus Simmondsiaceae Setchellanthaceae ﻳﻦا ﻴﻧﻪﺎﺣاز 4 ﻟﺖﻳﺎا ﻓﻳﻠﻮﺴرﻴﺘﻲﻜ ﻴﺗﻞﻜﺸ هﺪ ﺷ اﺳﺖ: ﻜﻳﻟ ﺖاﺣﻳﺮﺳﻣﻮﺎ ﺮﻞآﻏا ﻲﺑﺎ Carpenteria Great Basin ﻴﺮﻔﻧﻴاﻟﻛﻟ ﺖﻳﺎﺎﺎCalifornian ﻟﻳﺎااﻧﻮرن ﺖﺳﻮ Sonoran ﻳﺎاﻟﺖ ارﻔ ﺗﺎﻋتﺎ Mexican Highlands ٣٣ ﻳﺰﻜﻚﻣ Cneoridium Paleotropical Kingdom ﻧﺎم دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺎره ﻗﺪﻳﻢ، Paleotropis ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺎره اي آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ، آﺳﻴﺎ و اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻪ ( ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ ) ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻓﻠﻮر آن داراي 40 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از : Nepenthaceae- Musaceae- Pandanaceae- Flagellariaceae ٣٤ Paleotropical Kingdom ٣٥ Paleotropical Kingdom ﻳزﻦ اﺮﻣﺳﻴﺴﻠﻮﻦﻓ ﻳﺘرﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ 5 ﻖ ززﺒ ﺮﻧﺮﻣﺮﻳﺳﻈﻃﻴﻦ ﺮﺑ Takhtajan ﻳﺎ 3 ﺮﻳﺳززﺮﻣ ﻃﻴﻖ ﺒﻦ ﻧﺮﻈﺮﺑGood و 13 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. 1) African Subkingdom 2) Madagascan Subkingdom 3) Indo-Malesian Subkingdom 4) Polynesian Subkingdom 5) Neocaledonian Subkingdom ٣٦ Paleotropical Kingdom -1 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﮔﻴﻨﻪ و ﻛﻨﮕﻮ Guineo-Congolian Region ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب ﮔﺎ ﻣﺒﻴ،ﺎ ﻮﺟبﻨﺮﻏب ﺳﺎﻨ، ﮕل ﺎﺷﻤل ﺮﻏب ﻮﻻآ ﻧﮕ، ﻮﺟبﻨﺮﻏب نا،ﻮدﺳ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺮﻏب ﮔا،واﺎ ﻧﺪ ﺮﻏب ﻛﻨﺎ ﻴ وﺷ ﺎﻤل ﺮﻏب اﻧﺎﺰﻧﺗﺎﻴﺳا. ﺖﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫ يﺎ ﺎ ﺑراﻧﻲﺎص ﺧﻦ اﻳ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺖ . از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎ ي ﺑﻴﺸﺎﻤﻫيﻢا اﺷدﺳآرﺖ ﺪﻋﻪﺎهﻧ ر ﻛ ﺒﻬﺳﺖ : ﺎﺗراﻨﺪز Fabaceae Oleaceae Gentinaceae Poaceae ﻦﺎﺣ اﻧﻳاﻪز ﻴ 3 ﺎاﻳ ﻟﺖﺗﺸ ﻜﻴاﺷﻞﺪه :ﺳﺖ ﮔﺎﻟﺖﻴﻪا ﻳﻨﺷ ﺎﻤﻲﻟUpper Guinea ﺎﻟﺖﺮاﻣ ﻳﻧﺎﻪﻴﺮ ﺠﻳﻛوو نNigeria-Cameroon اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻨﮕﻮ Congo ٣٧ Paleotropical Kingdom -2 ﺒﻣﺎﻧاﻴزﺣ وﻪارﺎا - ﻨﻟﺪوز Usambara-Zululand Region ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎرﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮق آﻓ ﺮﻳﺎﻘ، ﺎﺗقﺮﺷ ﺎپﻛ ﺳﺖا و دو اﻮﺎﻧﺧده ﻫﮔﺎﻲﻴ ﺰﺑرگزﺮﻳ ر د انﻧﻪا ﻲوﺑآ ﺮﻳﻓ :ﺎﻮدﻣﺷﻓﺖﻲ Stangeriaceae Rhynchocalyaceae ﻦﺎﺣ اﻧﻳاﻪز ﻴ 2 ﺎاﻳ ﻟﺖﺗﺸ ﻜﻴاﺷﻞﺪه :ﺳﺖ يﺎﻟﺖ ااﺰ ﻳﻧزﺎﺑر Zanzibar - Inhambane ﺎاﻳﻟﺖﺗ -ﻮﻟﺎﻧﻨﮕﺪ ﭘﻨﺪوﻟﻨﺪ Tangoland- pondoland Stangeri a ٣٨ Paleotropical Kingdom -3 ﺎﻧﻴﺣ ﻪﺳ ﻮواندز ﺎﻴﺒﻣا Sudano-Zambezian Region اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ از اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس اﻠ ﻃﺲ ﻪﺑﻃ فﺮ ﻮﺟبﻨﻮﻣرﻳﺎﻧﺘ ﻲ وﺳﺎﻨ ﮕل وﺎﺷﻤل ﺮﺷ قﮔﻴﻪ ﻨ ﺎﺗ ﻚﺰدﻧﻳ ﺳﻮدان اداﻣﻪ دارد و ﮔف ﺮﻌﻣﻫوادﺎهﻲ ﻪ د ﻴﻮ ﺑوﺎ ﻧﻣﺧﺎﻧﻬني ﺎوآﺟ زﺮﻳ ﻮد دردارد : Barbeyaceae Dirachmaceae ﻦﺎﺣ اﻧﻳاﻪز ﻴ 9 ﺎاﻳ ﻟﺖﺗﺸ ﻜﻴاﺷﻞﺪه :ﺳﺖ 1) Zambezi 2) Sahel 3) Sudan 4) Somalia-Ethiopia 5) South Arabia 6) Socotra 7) Oman 8) South Iran 9)Sindia ٣٩ Paleotropical Kingdom 1-3 ﺮﻳزﺎﻧﻴﺣ ﻪوﺎﻤن ﻨﺳﻋ ﺪ ( Omano – Sindian Subregion ) ﺎ ﺖﻳاﺟﻟﻳﻨ (ﻮابﺮا نSouth Iran Province ) ﺎﺖﻳاﻟﺑ ﭼﻠﺎﻮ ( ﺘنﺴ Baluchistanian province ) ٤٠ Paleotropical Kingdom اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان ( South Iranian Province ) ٤١ Paleotropical Kingdom -4 ﺎوﻧﻴﺣ رﺎﻪﻛﻴﻣ ﺎﺐﻧ Karoo-Namib Region اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃ ﻖﻴ ﺎﺑﺑﺎﻲﻧ وﻤﻴﻧﻪ ﻴ ﺎﺑﺑﺎﻲﻧﻨبﻮ ﺟب ﺮﻏآ ﺮﻓﻘﻳﺎ و ﻗﺴﻲﺘﻤاز ا زﻣﻴﺎﺒ و ﻤﺷلﺎ ﻛ پﺎ ﻲﻣ ﺑﺎﺪﺷ و ﻣﺎﻞ ﺷ 1500 ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪ ﻲﻣﺑﻮ ﺖاﺳ ﻛﻪ در آ ن ﻨﺲ ﺟ Zygophyllum ﻓﺮاوان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .
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