DOCSLIB.ORG

Applied Microsystems Corporation 68000 Series

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Applied Microsystems Corporation 68000 Series [III111111 Applied Microsystems Corporation ES 1800 Emulator Userls Manual for 68000 Series Microprocessors [111111111 Applied Microsystems Corporation ES 1800 Emulator Userls Manual for 68000 Series Microprocessors PIN 922-00002-06 April 1989 Copyright © 1989 Applied Microsystems Corporation. All rights reserved. Table of Contents PREFACE ..........................................••..•.•...•..........................•..•..•...•••.••..•..................• i Unpacking and Inspection ....................................................................................... ii Warning .................................................................................................................. iii Service .................................................................................................................... iv Limited IIardware Warranty ................................................................................... v IIardware Extended W arranty ................................................................................ vi IIardware Service Agreements .............................................................................. vi SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................•................................... 1·1 How to Use This Manual ..................................................................................... 1-2 System Setup ........................................................................................................ 1-4 System Operation ................................................................................................. 1-7 SECTION 2: GETTING STARTED •............•.....•....••.•..••.•........•.........•....•.......•..•• 2·1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 2-1 Emulator Set-up ................................................................................................... 2-1 Target System Set-up ........................................................................................... 2-4 Power-On. Sequence ............................................................................................. 2-5 Test Run of System .............................................................................................. 2-6 SECTION 3: HARDWARE ••........•....•••.....•.....•....•.....•••...•••••..•••...••...•.••....•........... 3·1 Emulator Chassis ................................................................................................. 3-1 Emulator Control Boards ..................................................................................... 3-2 Emulator Chassis Rear Panel ............................................................................... 3-5 Pod ....................................................................................................................... 3-6 Null Target Software Simulation Tool .............................................................. 3-10 Time Stamp Module .......................................................................................... 3-11 Logic State Analyzer (LSA) .............................................................................. 3-12 Ports ................................................................................................................... 3-13 Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 3-16 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................. 3-19 ES 1800 Emulator Specifications ...................................................................... 3-21 SECTION 4: ES LANGUAGE .............................................••................................ 4·1 Structure of the ES Language .............................................................................. 4-1 Notes on ESL ....................................................................................................... 4-6 Help .................................................................................................................... 4-18 Log In Banner .................................................................................................... 4-23 Prompts .............................................................................................................. 4-25 Table of Contents (cont) Special Modes .................................................................................................... 4-26 Special Olaracters .............................................................................................. 4-27 SECTION 5: SYSTEM COMMANDS .................................................................. 5·1 Set-Up Commands ............................................................................................... 5-1 Serial Communications ...................................................................................... 5-30 Overlay Memory ................................................................................................ 5-52 Registers ............................................................................................................. 5-68 Trace Memory .................................................................................................... 5-90 Emulation ........................................................................................................... 5-91 Macros .............................................................................................................. 5-116 The Repeat Operators ...................................................................................... 5-121 Symbols ........................................................................................................... 5-125 Miscellaneous Commands ............................................................................... 5-133 SECTION 6: TARGET COMMANDS .................................................................. 6·1 mtroduction .......................................................................................................... 6-1 Emulation ............................................................................................................. 6-2 Memory Commands .......................................................................................... 6-14 Line Assembler .................................................................................................. 6-31 Memory Mode ................................................................................................... 6-40 Diagnostic Functions ......................................................................................... 6-47 SECTION 7: 68000/08110 EVENT MONITOR SySTEM ................................... 7·1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 7-1 Defming Events ................................................................................................. 7-10 Defming Action Lists ......................................................................................... 7-12 Breaking Emulation ........................................................................................... 7-17 Tracing Events ................................................................................................... 7-19 Counting Events ................................................................................................. 7-21 Trigger Signal .................................................................................................... 7-24 Special mterrupts ............................................................................................... 7-25 Changing Event Groups ..................................................................................... 7-27 Time Stamp Module .......................................................................................... 7-30 fustallation ......................................................................................................... 7-32 Using tb.e Time Stamp Module .......................................................................... 7-34 Examples ............................................................................................................ 7-43 SECTION 8: 68020 EVENT MONITOR SYSTEM ............................................. 8·1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 8-1 Comparators ......................................................................................................... 8-4 Groups ................................................................................................................ 8-13 Emulator Actions ............................................................................................... 8-15 Table of Contents (cont) Trace Modes ....................................................................................................... 8-24 Event Monitor System Examples ...................................................................... 8-63 Event Monitor System Conunands .................................................................... 8-66 Shortcuts for Setting Up .................................................................................... 8-70 APPENDIX A: ES LANGUAGE MNEMONICS •..•••..•••.••••..•••••...•••••...••••...••.•••. A-I ES Language Conunands ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Perspective and Further Reading 162.E1
    2.21 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 162.e1 2.21 Historical Perspective and Further Reading Th is section surveys the history of in struction set architectures over time, and we give a short history of programming languages and compilers. ISAs include accumulator architectures, general-purpose register architectures, stack architectures, and a brief history of ARMv7 and the x86. We also review the controversial subjects of high-level-language computer architectures and reduced instruction set computer architectures. Th e history of programming languages includes Fortran, Lisp, Algol, C, Cobol, Pascal, Simula, Smalltalk, C+ + , and Java, and the history of compilers includes the key milestones and the pioneers who achieved them. Accumulator Architectures Hardware was precious in the earliest stored-program computers. Consequently, computer pioneers could not aff ord the number of registers found in today’s architectures. In fact, these architectures had a single register for arithmetic instructions. Since all operations would accumulate in one register, it was called the accumulator , and this style of instruction set is given the same name. For example, accumulator Archaic EDSAC in 1949 had a single accumulator. term for register. On-line Th e three-operand format of RISC-V suggests that a single register is at least two use of it as a synonym for registers shy of our needs. Having the accumulator as both a source operand and “register” is a fairly reliable indication that the user the destination of the operation fi lls part of the shortfall, but it still leaves us one has been around quite a operand short. Th at fi nal operand is found in memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Motorola 68000 Opcodes
    Motorola 68000 CPU Opcodes Mnemonic Size Single Effective Address Operation Word Data Mnemonic Size Single Effective Address Operation Word Data Addressing Mode Format M Xn ORI to CCR B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 B I RTE 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Data register Dn 0 0 0 reg ORI to SR W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 W I RTS 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 Address register An 0 0 1 reg ORI B W L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S M Xn I TRAPV 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 Address (An) 0 1 0 reg ANDI to CCR B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 B I RTR 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Address with Postincrement (An)+ 0 1 1 reg ANDI to SR W 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 W I JSR 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 M Xn Address with Predecrement -(An) 1 0 0 reg ANDI B W L 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 S M Xn I JMP 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 M Xn Address with Displacement (d16, An) 1 0 1 reg SUBI B W L 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 S M Xn I MOVEM W L 0 1 0 0 1 D 0 0 1 S M Xn W M Address with Index (d8, An, Xn) 1 1 0 reg ADDI B W L 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 S M Xn I LEA L 0 1 0 0 An 1 1 1 M Xn Program Counter with Displacement (d16, PC) 1 1 1 0 1 0 EORI to CCR B 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 B I CHK W 0 1 0 0 Dn 1 1 0 M Xn Program Counter with Index (d8, PC, Xn) 1 1 1 0 1 1 EORI to SR W 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 W I ADDQ B W L 0 1 0 1 Data 0 S M Xn Absolute Short (xxx).W 1 1 1 0 0 0 EORI B W L 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 S M Xn I SUBQ B W L 0 1 0 1 Data 1 S M Xn Absolute Long (xxx).L 1 1 1 0 0 1 CMPI B W L 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 S M Xn I Scc B 0 1 0 1 Condition 1 1 M Xn Immediate #imm 1 1 1 1 0 0 BTST B L 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Architectures
    Computer Architectures Motorola 68000, 683xx a ColdFire – CISC CPU Principles Demonstrated Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering AE0B36APO Computer Architectures Ver.1.10 1 Original Desktop/Workstation 680X0 Feature 68000 'EC000 68010 68020 68030 68040 68060 Data bus 16 8/16 16 8/16/32 8/16/32 32 32 Addr bus 23 23 23 32 32 32 32 Misaligned Addr - - - Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual memory - - Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Instruct Cache - - 3 256 256 4096 8192 Data Cache - - - - 256 4096 8192 Memory manager 68451 or 68851 68851 Yes Yes Yes ATC entries - - - - 22 64/64 64/64 FPU interface - - - 68881 or 68882 Internal FPU built-in FPU - - - - - Yes Yes Burst Memory - - - - Yes Yes Yes Bus Cycle type asynchronous both synchronous Data Bus Sizing - - - Yes Yes use 68150 Power (watts) 1.2 0.13-0.26 0.13 1.75 2.6 4-6 3.9-4.9 at frequency of 8.0 8-16 8 16-25 16-50 25-40 50-66 MIPS/kDhryst. 1.2/2.1 2.5/4.3 6.5/11 14/23 35/60 100/300 Transistors 68k 84k 190k 273k 1,170k 2,500k Introduction 1979 1982 1984 1987 1991 1994 AE0B36APO Computer Architectures 2 M68xxx/CPU32/ColdFire – Basic Registers Set 31 16 15 8 7 0 User programming D0 D1 model registers D2 D3 DATA REGISTERS D4 D5 D6 D7 16 15 0 A0 A1 A2 A3 ADDRESS REGISTERS A4 A5 A6 16 15 0 A7 (USP) USER STACK POINTER 0 PC PROGRAM COUNTER 15 8 7 0 0 CCR CONDITION CODE REGISTER 31 16 15 0 A7# (SSP) SUPERVISOR STACK Supervisor/system POINTER 15 8 7 0 programing model (CCR) SR STATUS REGISTER 31 0 basic registers VBR VECTOR BASE REGISTER 31 3 2 0 SFC ALTERNATE FUNCTION DFC CODE REGISTERS AE0B36APO Computer Architectures 3 Status Register – Conditional Code Part USER BYTE SYSTEM BYTE (CONDITION CODE REGISTER) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T1 T0 S 0 0 I2 I1 I0 0 0 0 X N Z V C TRACE INTERRUPT EXTEND ENABLE PRIORITY MASK NEGATIVE SUPERVISOR/USER ZERO STATE OVERFLOW CARRY ● N – negative ..
    [Show full text]
  • RTEMS CPU Supplement Documentation Release 4.11.3 ©Copyright 2016, RTEMS Project (Built 15Th February 2018)
    RTEMS CPU Supplement Documentation Release 4.11.3 ©Copyright 2016, RTEMS Project (built 15th February 2018) CONTENTS I RTEMS CPU Architecture Supplement1 1 Preface 5 2 Port Specific Information7 2.1 CPU Model Dependent Features...........................8 2.1.1 CPU Model Name...............................8 2.1.2 Floating Point Unit..............................8 2.2 Multilibs........................................9 2.3 Calling Conventions.................................. 10 2.3.1 Calling Mechanism.............................. 10 2.3.2 Register Usage................................. 10 2.3.3 Parameter Passing............................... 10 2.3.4 User-Provided Routines............................ 10 2.4 Memory Model..................................... 11 2.4.1 Flat Memory Model.............................. 11 2.5 Interrupt Processing.................................. 12 2.5.1 Vectoring of an Interrupt Handler...................... 12 2.5.2 Interrupt Levels................................ 12 2.5.3 Disabling of Interrupts by RTEMS...................... 12 2.6 Default Fatal Error Processing............................. 14 2.7 Symmetric Multiprocessing.............................. 15 2.8 Thread-Local Storage................................. 16 2.9 CPU counter...................................... 17 2.10 Interrupt Profiling................................... 18 2.11 Board Support Packages................................ 19 2.11.1 System Reset................................. 19 3 ARM Specific Information 21 3.1 CPU Model Dependent Features..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Designing PCI Cards and Drivers for Power Macintosh Computers
    Designing PCI Cards and Drivers for Power Macintosh Computers Revised Edition Revised 3/26/99 Technical Publications © Apple Computer, Inc. 1999 Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are Even though Apple has reviewed this © 1995, 1996 , 1999 Apple Computer, trademarks of Adobe Systems manual, APPLE MAKES NO Inc. All rights reserved. Incorporated or its subsidiaries and WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH No part of this publication may be may be registered in certain RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS reproduced, stored in a retrieval jurisdictions. QUALITY, ACCURACY, system, or transmitted, in any form America Online is a service mark of MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS or by any means, mechanical, Quantum Computer Services, Inc. FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A electronic, photocopying, recording, Code Warrior is a trademark of RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS or otherwise, without prior written Metrowerks. IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE permission of Apple Computer, Inc., CompuServe is a registered ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO except to make a backup copy of any trademark of CompuServe, Inc. ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. documentation provided on Ethernet is a registered trademark of CD-ROM. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE Xerox Corporation. The Apple logo is a trademark of FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, FrameMaker is a registered Apple Computer, Inc. INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL trademark of Frame Technology Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY Corporation. (Option-Shift-K) for commercial DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS purposes without the prior written Helvetica and Palatino are registered MANUAL, even if advised of the consent of Apple may constitute trademarks of Linotype-Hell AG possibility of such damages.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mc68020 32-Bit Microprocessor by Paul F
    NEW C HIPS THE MC68020 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR BY PAUL F. GROEPLER AND JAMES KENNEDY The latest member of Motorola's 68000 family includes on-board cache and virtual memory THE MC68020, the newest addition to the chip managers. They control inter- ate control for the micromachine. the Motorola M68000 family of micro- nal buses, registers, and the execution The instruction prefetch and decode processors, is a full 32-bit processor unit. unit fetches and decodes an instruc- with separate 32-bit data and address The execution unit contains the pro- tion for execution by the execution buses, an on-board instruction cache, gram counter (PC), the address, and unit. The prefetch is a three-word- dynamic bus sizing, and a coproces- the data . The PC section calculates in- deep on-chip instruction store. It elim- sor interface. It is object-code com- struction addresses and manages inates the need for the processor to patible with the earlier members of pointers. The address section calcu- sequentially fetch an instruction from the M68000 family but has new ad- lates operand addresses and stores external memory, decode and ex- dressing modes in support of high- the registers available to the user. The ecute it, and fetch another. level languages. data section performs all data opera- Instead, because of the sequential The MC68020 is an HCMOS (high- tions, such as immediate data value nature of instruction accesses, the speed complementary metal-oxide moves . It also contains the barrel prefetch can anticipate the next ac- semiconductor) microprocessor with shifter, which performs one-cycle cess and make it before it is needed.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Organization EECC 550 • Introduction: Modern Computer Design Levels, Components, Technology Trends, Register Transfer Week 1 Notation (RTN)
    Computer Organization EECC 550 • Introduction: Modern Computer Design Levels, Components, Technology Trends, Register Transfer Week 1 Notation (RTN). [Chapters 1, 2] • Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Characteristics and Classifications: CISC Vs. RISC. [Chapter 2] Week 2 • MIPS: An Example RISC ISA. Syntax, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Encoding & Examples. [Chapter 2] • Central Processor Unit (CPU) & Computer System Performance Measures. [Chapter 4] Week 3 • CPU Organization: Datapath & Control Unit Design. [Chapter 5] Week 4 – MIPS Single Cycle Datapath & Control Unit Design. – MIPS Multicycle Datapath and Finite State Machine Control Unit Design. Week 5 • Microprogrammed Control Unit Design. [Chapter 5] – Microprogramming Project Week 6 • Midterm Review and Midterm Exam Week 7 • CPU Pipelining. [Chapter 6] • The Memory Hierarchy: Cache Design & Performance. [Chapter 7] Week 8 • The Memory Hierarchy: Main & Virtual Memory. [Chapter 7] Week 9 • Input/Output Organization & System Performance Evaluation. [Chapter 8] Week 10 • Computer Arithmetic & ALU Design. [Chapter 3] If time permits. Week 11 • Final Exam. EECC550 - Shaaban #1 Lec # 1 Winter 2005 11-29-2005 Computing System History/Trends + Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Fundamentals • Computing Element Choices: – Computing Element Programmability – Spatial vs. Temporal Computing – Main Processor Types/Applications • General Purpose Processor Generations • The Von Neumann Computer Model • CPU Organization (Design) • Recent Trends in Computer Design/performance • Hierarchy
    [Show full text]
  • Programmable Digital Microcircuits - a Survey with Examples of Use
    - 237 - PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL MICROCIRCUITS - A SURVEY WITH EXAMPLES OF USE C. Verkerk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1. Introduction For most readers the title of these lecture notes will evoke microprocessors. The fixed instruction set microprocessors are however not the only programmable digital mi• crocircuits and, although a number of pages will be dedicated to them, the aim of these notes is also to draw attention to other useful microcircuits. A complete survey of programmable circuits would fill several books and a selection had therefore to be made. The choice has rather been to treat a variety of devices than to give an in- depth treatment of a particular circuit. The selected devices have all found useful ap• plications in high-energy physics, or hold promise for future use. The microprocessor is very young : just over eleven years. An advertisement, an• nouncing a new era of integrated electronics, and which appeared in the November 15, 1971 issue of Electronics News, is generally considered its birth-certificate. The adver• tisement was for the Intel 4004 and its three support chips. The history leading to this announcement merits to be recalled. Intel, then a very young company, was working on the design of a chip-set for a high-performance calculator, for and in collaboration with a Japanese firm, Busicom. One of the Intel engineers found the Busicom design of 9 different chips too complicated and tried to find a more general and programmable solu• tion. His design, the 4004 microprocessor, was finally adapted by Busicom, and after further négociation, Intel acquired marketing rights for its new invention.
    [Show full text]
  • Operating RISC: UNIX Standards in the 1990S
    Operating RISC: UNIX Standards in the 1990s This case was written by Will Mitchell and Paul Kritikos at the University of Michigan. The case is based on public sources. Some figures are based on case-writers' estimates. We appreciate comments from David Girouard, Robert E. Thomas and Michael Wolff. The note "Product Standards and Competitive Advantage" (Mitchell 1992) supplements this case. The latest International Computerquest Corporation analysis of the market for UNIX- based computers landed on three desks on the same morning. Noel Sharp, founder, chief executive officer, chief engineer and chief bottle washer for the Superbly Quick Architecture Workstation Company (SQAWC) in Mountain View, California hoped to see strong growth predicted for the market for systems designed to help architects improve their designs. In New York, Bo Thomas, senior strategist for the UNIX systems division of A Big Computer Company (ABCC), hoped that general commercial markets for UNIX-based computer systems would show strong growth, but feared that the company's traditional mainframe and mini-computer sales would suffer as a result. Airborne in the middle of the Atlantic, Jean-Helmut Morini-Stokes, senior engineer for the UNIX division of European Electronic National Industry (EENI), immediately looked to see if European companies would finally have an impact on the American market for UNIX-based systems. After looking for analysis concerning their own companies, all three managers checked the outlook for the alliances competing to establish a UNIX operating system standard. Although their companies were alike only in being fictional, the three managers faced the same product standards issues. How could they hasten the adoption of a UNIX standard? The market simply would not grow until computer buyers and application software developers could count on operating system stability.
    [Show full text]
  • I.T.S.O. Powerpc an Inside View
    SG24-4299-00 PowerPC An Inside View IBM SG24-4299-00 PowerPC An Inside View Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Special Notices” on page xiii. First Edition (September 1995) This edition applies to the IBM PC PowerPC hardware and software products currently announced at the date of publication. Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address given below. An ITSO Technical Bulletin Evaluation Form for reader′s feedback appears facing Chapter 1. If the form has been removed, comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. JLPC Building 014 Internal Zip 5220 1000 NW 51st Street Boca Raton, Florida 33431-1328 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1995. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Abstract This document provides technical details on the PowerPC technology. It focuses on the features and advantages of the PowerPC Architecture and includes an historical overview of the development of the reduced instruction set computer (RISC) technology. It also describes in detail the IBM Power Series product family based on PowerPC technology, including IBM Personal Computer Power Series 830 and 850 and IBM ThinkPad Power Series 820 and 850.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Architectures an Overview
    Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements.
    [Show full text]
  • 6809 the Design Philosophy by Terry Ritter and Joel Boney
    The 6809 ing the performance of an unwieldy bureaucratic Part 1: Design Philosophy organization. And the computer makers clearly thought that processor time was valuable too; or Terry Ritter was a severely limited resource, worth as much as Joel Boney the market would bear. Motorola, Inc. Processor time was a limited resource. But 3501 Ed Blustein Blvd. some of us, a few small groups of technologists, Austin, TX 78721 are about to change that situation. And we hope we will also change how people look at computers, This is a story. It is a story of computers in and how professionals see them too. Computer general, specifically microcomputers, and of one time should be cheap; people time is 70 years and particular microprocessor - with revolutionary counting down. social change lurking in the background. The story The large computer, being a very expensive could well be imaginary, but it happens to be true. resource, quickly justified the capital required to In this 3 part series we will describer the design of investigate optimum use of that resource. Among what we feel is the best 8 bit machine so far made the principal results of these projects was the by human: the Motorola M6809. development of batch mode multiprocessing. The computer itself would save up the various tasks it Philosophy had to do, then change from one to the other at computer speeds. This minimized the wasted time A new day is breaking; after a long slow twi- between jobs and spawned the concept of an oper- light of design the sun is beginning to rise on the ating system.
    [Show full text]